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Journal articles on the topic 'Explosively Formed Projectiles'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

BORKOWSKI, Jacek, and Eugeniusz MILEWSKI. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF 100 MM CHARGE FOR EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PROJECTILE." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 162, no. 4 (2023): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3023.

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The construction of 100 mm charge for explosively formed projectile was proposed in the article. The construction of charge was tested on the range. The results of field tests of an explosively formed projectile with the expected design parameters are presented. The accuracy of projectiles hitting the target at 750 calibre distance was determined. The penetration of projectiles was shown on the examples of impact on a 30 mm thick target from rolled homogenous steel. Exemplary shapes of explosively formed projectiles on the flight path in the form of imprints in a paper target are presented. Th

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2

Ismail, M. "PERFORMANCE OF EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PROJECTILES." International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering 4, no. 6 (2008): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iccee.2008.38498.

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3

Weickert, C. A., and P. J. Gallagher. "Penetration of explosively formed projectiles." International Journal of Impact Engineering 14, no. 1-4 (1993): 809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-743x(93)90074-h.

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4

Ahmed, M., A. Q. Malik, S. A. Rofi, and Z. X. Huang. "Penetration Evaluation of Explosively Formed Projectiles Through Air and Water Using Insensitive Munition: Simulative and Experimental Studies." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 913–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45614.

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The process of formation, flying, penetration of explosively-formed projectiles (EFP) and the effect of water on performance of the charge for underwater applications is simulated by Ansysis Autodyn 2D-Hydro code. The main objective of an explosively formed projectile designed for underwater applications is to disintegrate the target at longer standoff distances. In this paper we have simulated the explosively formed projectile from OFHC-Copper liner for 1200 conical angle. The Affect of water on the penetration of EFP is determined by simulations from Ansysis Autodyn 2-D Hydrocode and by vary

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5

Castedo, Ricardo, Anastasio Pedro Santos, José Ignacio Yenes, José Ángel Sanchidrián, Lina María López, and Pablo Segarra. "Finite elements simulation of improvised explosively formed projectiles." Engineering Computations 35, no. 8 (2018): 2844–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2017-0130.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of the LS-DYNA software using a Lagrangian formulation in the jet formation, flight and penetration of improvised explosively formed projectiles (EFPs). Numerical results dealing with different properties of the EFPs have been validated with a significant number of field tests. Design/methodology/approach 2D and 3D Lagrangian models, using different material definition, are developed to reproduce the field-measured characteristics of copper- and steel-made EFPs: projectile size and velocity. After validation, the model has b

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6

Ahmed, M., A. Q. Malik, S. A. Rofi, and Z. X. Huang. "Penetration Evaluation of Explosively Formed Projectiles Through Air and Water Using Insensitive Munition: Simulative and Experimental Studies." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.622.

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The process of formation, flying, penetration of explosively-formed projectiles (EFP) and the effect of water on performance of the charge for underwater applications is simulated by Ansysis Autodyn 2D-Hydro code. The main objective of an explosively formed projectile designed for underwater applications is to disintegrate the target at longer standoff distances. In this paper we have simulated the explosively formed projectile from OFHC-Copper liner for 1200 conical angle. The Affect of water on the penetration of EFP is determined by simulations from Ansysis Autodyn 2-D Hydrocode and by vary

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7

Li, Yang Jun, Wei Ping Guo, Gao Wang, and Su Jie Lian. "Study on Explosively Formed Projectiles Test System." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1254.

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Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is a new branch of the shaped charge technology. It is developed as an anti-solid target technology in recent decades. Velocity of EFP changes quickly with the change of EFP shape. It is very important to research the velocity and morphology change of EFP in their movements to improve its performance. In this paper, theory of the exploding forming effects of EFP is analyzed, the working principle and design process of the EFP test system are introduced, and a particularly detailed description of the structures is given. The way of assembling test system and

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8

Hussain, G., A. Hameed, J. G. Hetherington, A. Q. Malik, and K. Sanaullah. "Analytical performance study of explosively formed projectiles." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 54, no. 1 (2013): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021894413010021.

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9

DO, QUOC VI, and Nguyen Trang Minh. "Effects of the liner materials on penetration capability of explosively formed projectiles." Journal of Military Science and Technology 86 (April 28, 2023): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.86.2023.144-150.

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Numerical simulations are carried out to study the effects of the liner material (Al, Cu, Mo, W, Ta) on the shape, mass, velocity, kinetic energy, length-to-diameter ratio, penetration depth and hole-diameter of MCT-83 mine (explosively formed projectile). The results of these parameters present the potential capability of each liner material used to fabricate explosively formed projectiles. Cu has get the maximum penetration depth value while Mo has the largest hole-diameter. The research results help to choose the material of liner suitable for each type of EFP warhead and for each different

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10

Cardoso, D., and F. Teixeira-Dias. "Modelling the formation of explosively formed projectiles (EFP)." International Journal of Impact Engineering 93 (July 2016): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.02.014.

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11

Zukas, J. A., C. A. Weickert, and P. J. Gallagher. "Numerical Simulation of Penetration by explosively-formed projectiles." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18, no. 5 (1993): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19930180505.

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12

Markovic, Milos, Momcilo Milinovic, Olivera Jeremic, and Slobodan Jaramaz. "Simulation of changes in temperature and pressure fields during high speed projectiles forming by explosion." Thermal Science 20, no. 5 (2016): 1741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151217073m.

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The Research in this paper considered the temperatures fields as the consequently influenced effects appeared by plastic deformation, in the explosively forming process aimed to design Explosively Formed Projectiles (henceforth EFP). As the special payloads of the missiles, used projectiles are packaged as the metal liners, joined with explosive charges, to design explosive propulsion effect. Their final form and velocity during shaping depend on distributed temperatures in explosively driven plastic deformation process. Developed simulation model consider forming process without metal cover o

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13

Salkičević, Minel. "Numerical simulations of the formation behavior of explosively formed projectiles." Defense and Security Studies 3 (January 19, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/dss.v3.id183.

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Explosively formed projectile (EFP) is a self-forging shape charged structure having very high penetration ability compared to conventional kinetic energy projectile. The penetration capability of an EFP is strongly dependent on various design parameters. The main parameters can be roughly divided into geometric and material parameters used in the warhead configuration. The present research is an effort to study the effect of metal casing thickness, type of metal used for casing, explosive type, liner thickness, type and configuration on the formation of EFP. Effectivness of an EFP is st

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14

Zhao, Chang Xiao, Fang Qian, Huai Zhi Zhang, Chong Ji, Yong Lv, and Quan Min Xie. "Influence of Liner Material on Formation of Multiple Explosively Formed Projectiles Warhead Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.37.

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The law of influenced material of liner is researched by numerical simulation.Multiple explosively formed projectiles (MEFP) forming process is numerically simulated with different liner material,such as copper, aluminum, iron and so on.The law that the formation parameters of MEFP such as velocity, length-diameter ratio and radial dispersion angle,influenced by the density and ductility of liner material is educed.It reaches the conclusion that the velocity and radial dispersion angle of projectiles decreases 58% and 56% with the increasing density of the liner material; the length-diameter r

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15

Baburin, M. A., V. D. Baskakov, S. V. Eliseev, K. A. Karnaukhov, and V. A. Tarasov. "Influence of Geometric Features of the Peripheral Part of the Thin-Walled Spherical Segment on the Explosive Throwing Process." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (131) (April 2020): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2020-2-76-87.

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The main factors controlling the formation of the stern of explosively formed projectiles are investigated using numerical calculations in a three-dimensional formulation of a problem. To form folds in the stern, it is proposed to use thin-walled spherical segments with a peripheral thickness deviation in terms of decreasing or increasing with respect to the thickness in the central part. The configurations of explosively formed projectiles with inclined folds in the stern are shown, and it is proposed to describe the fold inclination by two angles of its position. The effect of folds in the s

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16

Hussain, G., A. Hameed, P. Barton, A. Q. Malik, Mohammad Bilal Khan, and A. Hussain. "Liner Material's Output Characteristics of Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFPs)." Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (May 2012): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.148.

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The output considerations: velocity, pressure, density, internal energy, temperature and L/D ratio of explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) were investigated. The internal energy of the EFPs was inversely proportional to the density of the liner material. The shock pressure generated and its fluctuations were highest for Fe and Ta liner materials respectively. The least pressure variations were observed for Cu along its axial direction with highest length to diameter (L/D) ratio to supports deeper penetration. The maximum difference between numerical simulation and experiment was 9.7 % for Cu

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17

Zheng, Yuanfeng, Haiyuan Bie, Shipeng Wang, Peiliang Li, Hongyu Zhang, and Chao Ge. "Formation Behaviors of Coated Reactive Explosively Formed Projectile." Materials 15, no. 24 (2022): 8886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248886.

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The formation behavior of coated reactive explosively formed projectiles (EFP) is studied by the combination of experiments and simulations. The results show that the coated EFP can be obtained by explosively crushing the double-layer liners, and the simulation agrees with the experiment well. Then, the interaction process between the two liners is discussed in detail, and the formation and coating mechanism are revealed. It can be found that there are three phases in the formation process, including the impact, closing and stretching phases. During the impact phase, the velocities of two line

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18

Helminiak, N. S., P. Sable, E. Harstad, A. Gullerud, J. Hollenshead, and E. S. Hertel. "Characterizing In-Flight Temperature of Explosively Formed Projectiles in CTH." Procedia Engineering 204 (2017): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.771.

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19

Kurzawa, Adam, Dariusz Pyka, Miroslaw Bocian, Krzysztof Jamroziak, and Janusz Sliwinski. "Metallographic analysis of piercing armor plate by explosively formed projectiles." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 4 (2018): 1686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2018.06.006.

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20

WIŚNIEWSKI, Adam. "Research of ERAWA-1 and ERAWA-2 Reactive Cassettes." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, no. 3 (2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4801.

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In the paper there are presented general parameters of shaped charge projectiles (SC) and explosively formed projectiles (EFP), designed for destroying of armed vehicles, and parameters of explosive reactive armours (ERA), which significantly increase capability of protection of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) against piercing by these projectiles. There are shown examples of destruction of tanks not protected by the ERA. Their parameters are presented on the base of ERAWA-1 and ERAWA-2 Polish reactive cassettes for PT-91 Hard tank. There are described the following requirements: capability of

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21

Zhang, Y. M., J. W. Jiang, S. Y. Wang, and G. J. Chen. "Optimization of Micro-EFP charge structures based on PSO-SVM algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 6 (2024): 062020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/6/062020.

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Abstract To achieve a high-performance design of micro Explosive Formed Projectile (EFP) structures, a method based on the combination of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with numerical simulation technology is proposed for the optimization and design of EFP structures. The efficient optimization of the EFP structure is achieved by establishing the mapping relationship between the EFP structure and performance and using the PSO algorithm for parameter optimization. The results show that the optimal parameters of the structure are R out/D k=1.347,

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22

Jeremić, Olivera, Momčilo Milinović, Miloš Marković, and Boško Rašuo. "Analytical and numerical method of velocity fields for the explosively formed projectiles." FME Transactions 45, no. 1 (2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet1701038j.

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23

Weimann, Klaus. "Research and development in the area of explosively formed projectiles charge technology." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18, no. 5 (1993): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19930180511.

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24

Cheng, Wang, Tian Bao Ma, and Jian Guo Ning. "Jet Projectiles Penetration into Multilayer Metal Targets with Large Interval." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.603.

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At long standoff, a shaped charge with small cone angle will produce a jet with a high tip velocity and a low tail velocity, causing it to stretch and break up, so its penetration ability into multilayer metal targets is very weak, while the penetration depth of explosively formed projectiles is too low to penetrate into multilayer metal targets. On account of this, the large cone angle shaped charge, whose internal cone angle is about 100 degree, is proposed and designed in the paper. The sensitivity of penetration effect into targets to the cone angle of the liner is investigated by experime

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25

Rasheed, Muhammad F., Cheng Wu, and Ali Raza. "Effect of Explosive Reactive Armour Cover Plate on Interaction of ERA and Explosively Formed Projectile." Shock and Vibration 2019 (July 11, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6093621.

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Explosive reactive armour (ERA) is used to protect the armoured vehicles against chemical energy warheads and long-rod penetrators. ERA generally consists of an ERA sandwich and an outer steel cover to protect it from unintended initiation. Explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) are used as antiarmour warheads, and their use in top attack antiarmour weapons is increasing. Interaction of EFP with the ERA sandwich alone has been studied in the past. This paper studies the effect of the cover plate and its thickness on the interaction of the EFP and the ERA sandwich. Numerical simulations and expe

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26

Ma, Guangsong, Guanglin He, Yukuan Liu, and Yulong Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Multiple Explosively Formed Projectile Warhead Forming Characteristics considering Various Materials." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 25, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5589031.

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To study the influence of different liner structures and materials (copper, steel, and tungsten) on the forming characteristics of multiple explosively formed projectile (MEFP) with integrated liner and shell designs, three types of liners with different structures were designed. LS-DYNA was used for numerical simulation, and the results show that the thickness change at the center of the liner has no obvious influence on the shape of the explosively formed projectile (EFP). However, the curvature radius of the liner has a significant influence on the shape of the EFP. When the liner material

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Zhang, Yi, Xiangru Zhang, Wenda Zhao, and Feng Hu. "Similarity Law Study of Shaped Charges Penetrating a Concrete Target." Buildings 12, no. 12 (2022): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122268.

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In order to study the similarity law of penetration of concrete targets by shaped charges, penetration tests of concrete targets with different sizes of shaped-charge jets were carried out, and the prototype and the model projectiles met the similarity law with a simulation ratio of 1:1.5. LS-DYNA finite element software was used to simulate the tests, and the accuracy of the ALE algorithm, fluid–solid coupling algorithm, material model, equation of state, and corresponding material parameters was verified. Numerical simulations were further conducted for the different types of shaped-charge j

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MacMahon, J., P. Church, I. Cullis, S. Findlay, A. Hart, and M. Wickenden. "An experimental, metallurgical and modelling analysis of silver and copper explosively formed projectiles (EFPs)." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 110 (September 2003): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020769.

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Sun, Ce, and Yangyu Jia. "Rapid diagnosis and measurement of explosively formed projectiles based on high-quality sequential images." Applied Optics 59, no. 13 (2020): 3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.383410.

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Hussain, G., A. Hameed, J. G. Hetherington, P. C. Barton, and A. Q. Malik. "Hydrocode Simulation with Modified Johnson-Cook Model and Experimental Analysis of Explosively Formed Projectiles." Journal of Energetic Materials 31, no. 2 (2012): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2011.606453.

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Hussain, G., and K. Sanaullah. "COMPARATIVE PARAMETRIC NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF MATERIALS USED AS LINERS IN THE EXPLOSIVELY FORMED PROJECTILES (EFPs)." Nucleus 46, no. 3 (2020): 301–9. https://doi.org/10.71330/nucleus.46.03.960.

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A conventional shaped charge comprises a conical metal liner projecting a hyper velocity jet of metal that is able to penetrate to great depths into steel armour. However, misalignment problems exist in tandem with jet break up and spewing particles that greatly diminish its penetration power. An EFP, on the other hand, has a liner in the shape of a geometrical recess. The force of the blast molds the liner into a number of configurations, depending on the geometry and the explosive detonation characteristics. This paper presents comparative parametric numerical simulations of materials used a

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32

Huang, Xuanning, Weibing Li, Wenbin Li, Guixiang Yin, Yajun Wang, and Tengfei Guo. "Energy Spatial Distribution of Behind-Armor Debris Generated by Penetration of Explosively Formed Projectiles with Different Length–Diameter Ratio." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042665.

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To understand the influence of the length–diameter ratio (L/D) of explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) on the energy spatial distribution of behind-armor debris (BAD), three EFPs with different L/Ds were designed in this study. The scattering characteristics of the BAD formed by the EFP penetrating a steel target were investigated. High-speed photography was used to observe the shape of the BAD cloud. Fiber and foam plates were sequentially stacked to recover the fragments. The three-dimensional damaged area by the BAD was obtained based on the spatial position information of a large amount o

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33

Zhang, Zhifan, Hailong Li, Longkan Wang, Guiyong Zhang, and Zhi Zong. "Formation of Shaped Charge Projectile in Air and Water." Materials 15, no. 21 (2022): 7848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217848.

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With the improvement of the antiknock performance of warships, shaped charge warheads have been focused on and widely used to design underwater weapons. In order to cause efficient damage to warships, it is of great significance to study the formation of shaped charge projectiles in air and water. This paper uses Euler governing equations to establish numerical models of shaped charges subjected to air and underwater explosions. The formation and the movement of Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFPs) in different media for three cases: air explosion and underwater explosions with and without ai

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Yang, Dong, and Jiajian Lin. "Numerical Investigation on the Formation and Penetration Behavior of Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) with Variable Thickness Liner." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081342.

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Explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) are widely used in civil applications and the military field for their excellent impact performance. How to give full play to the energy accumulation effect of explosives and improve the penetration performance has become the main problem of EFP design. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of liner structure on EFP formation and its penetration behavior. In order to achieve this, a finite element (FE) model was first established on the basis of the Lagrange and ALE method. Then, formation and penetration performance tests of EFP were

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35

Mulligan, Phillip, and Morten Rikard Jensen. "Numerical modelling of explosively formed projectiles compared with experiments and results of a numerical sensitivity study." International Journal of Vehicle Performance 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvp.2022.10043741.

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Jensen, Morten Rikard, and Philip Mulligan. "Numerical modelling of explosively formed projectiles compared with experiments and results of a numerical sensitivity study." International Journal of Vehicle Performance 8, no. 2/3 (2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvp.2022.122122.

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Gou, Rui Jun. "Numerical Simulation of Liner Curvature Radius on Formation of LEFP." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2305.

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In order to obtain a linear explosively formed projectile (LEFP) with a good flying form under large stand-off, the LS-Dyna finite element analysis software and arbitrary Lagrangian - Eulerian (ALE) algorithm were used to simulate the forming process of LEFP with a 30mm charge structure diameter. On the basis of that, the only changed factor was the curvature radius of the liner which was selected as 0.65D, 0.75D, 0.85D, 1.0D and 1.1D for the simulation of LEFP forming progress. The warhead speed-time curves and fracture surfaces of the LEFP are analyzed, with liner radius decreasing, the proj

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Remennikov, Alex, Edward C. J. Gan, Tuan Ngo, and Michael D. Netherton. "The development and ballistic performance of protective steel-concrete composite barriers against hypervelocity impacts by explosively formed projectiles." Composite Structures 207 (January 2019): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.09.060.

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Chen, Peng, Wenbin Li, Yiming Li, Weihang Li, Zhiwei Guo, and Guixiang Yin. "Investigation into Damage Characteristics and Ballistic Performance of In-Contact Multi-Layer Steel Targets Subjected to High-Velocity Impact by Explosively Formed Projectiles." Symmetry 16, no. 12 (2024): 1665. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121665.

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Given the significantly large deformation and high strain exhibited by explosively formed projectiles (EFP) in penetration, their penetration performance into multi-layer targets differs from that of ordinary bullets or rigid projectiles. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the ballistic performance and the damage mechanism of target deformation when an EFP penetrates a multi-layer target. This study conducted high-velocity impact tests of EFPs on four types of multi-layer steel targets, analyzing the damage morphology and deformation characteristics of multi-layer steel targets subjecte

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40

Xue, Chao-yang, De-ren Kong, and Chun-dong Xu. "Damage Effects of Shaped Charges on Concrete Piles." Shock and Vibration 2022 (December 29, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3158111.

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Concrete piles are a common obstacle in an antilanding obstacle field. To research the damage ability of concrete piles with different shaped charges, penetration tests of concrete piles with different standoff distances (SODs) were carried out with explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) and jetting projectile charges (JPCs). The pressure was measured at different positions inside the concrete piles during the penetration process, and the failure mechanism and damage characteristics of the concrete piles were analyzed. The penetration velocity of the JPC was measured by placing reticular target

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41

Zheng, Juhong, Rui Yu, Yajun Wang, and Junmin Zhao. "Study on the Formation Characteristics of Composite Damage Elements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 7 (2024): 072005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/7/072005.

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Abstract More innovative and high technologies are being emerging endlessly, and more requirements for comprehensive damage effect have been further proposed. As a results, the single usage method and damage effect can no longer fully fit the future trends. In this paper, the formation characteristics of EFP and the scattering characteristics of prefabricated fragments was studied on the basis of the structure with composite damage elements, such as prefabricated fragments and explosively formed penetrator (EFP). The results show that the composite damage elements can form high-velocity projec

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42

Zhao, Chang-Xiao, Yangfan Cheng, Dan-Yi Li, Bei-Bei Zhang, Xin Wang, and Chong Ji. "Study of the Dynamic Processes of Multi-point Initiation of Co-axial Explosively Formed Projectiles with Tail Wings Using High Speed Image Processing Technologies." Central European Journal of Energetic Materials 21, no. 3 (2024): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22211/cejem/193816.

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43

Haiyuan, Bie, and Zheng Yuanfeng. "Study on the influence of outer liner material on the formation and penetration behavior of coated explosively formed projectile." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 16 (2024): 162007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/16/162007.

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Abstract The formation mechanism of the coated explosively formed projectile is revealed, which mainly includes the double liner impact stage, the radial coating closing stage and the metal precursor penetrator stretching stage. The results of mechanism analysis show that the edge of the variable thickness outer liner near the explosive is thinner, resulting in the impact collapse velocity of the edge is higher than that of the center, and the outer liner closes forward and collides with the sub-diameter reactive liner, thus forming a metal precursor penetrator with the outer liner as the main

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Bookout, Laurin, Phillip Mulligan, and Jason Baird. "Explosively Formed Projectile Soft-recovery Force Analysis." Procedia Engineering 58 (2013): 560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.05.064.

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45

Zheng, Yu, Song Da Li, Xiao Ming Wang, Wen Bin Li, and Wei Bing Li. "Numerical Approach in Predicting the Formation Process of Tandem Explosively Formed Projectile." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.653.

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In order to find a proper resolution scheme for the formation process of tandem Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) from shaped charge with double liners (SCDLL). 2D hydrocode was used to study the formation and penetration of SCDLL impelled by detonation products. The simulation is conducted to compare the effect of the following three resolution techniques on the prediction of velocity and shaped of EFP: Lagrangian, Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupling and Eulerian. In the simulation, shaped charge with one high explosive and two liners, ignited at the center point is studied. The results obtained f

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46

Liu, Jianfeng, Yuan Long, and Chong Ji. "Ballistic performance study on the finite steel target subjected to normal and oblique impact by copper explosively formed projectile." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 4 (2018): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618767168.

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Subjected to normal and oblique impact by copper explosively formed projectile which is a kind of easy-deformable and soft projectile, ballistic performance of a 40-mm thickness steel target has distinct characteristics compared with the dynamic deformation of target penetrated by a rigid projectile. The failure modes of steel targets change from perforation to embedment or ricochet as the angle of obliquity increases. Correspondingly, microstructure evolution of the crater wall and morphology feature of fracture surfaces are analyzed to reveal different failure mechanisms of steel targets. Th

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Zhu, Chuan-Sheng, Zheng-Xiang Huang, Xu-Dong Zu, and Qiang-Qiang Xiao. "Mach Wave Control in Explosively Formed Projectile Warhead." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 39, no. 6 (2014): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400106.

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Lin, Kong, Kong Qinqiang, Li Guangjia, and Wang Cunhong. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Circumferential Rod-type Damage Elements Warhead." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 4 (2024): 042030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/4/042030.

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Abstract In order to increase the damage power of circumferential multiple explosively formed projectile warhead, the circumferential rod-type damage elements warhead has been designed. The rod-type damage elements molding process is studied by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the rod-type damage elements can be turned back to form by the explosive loading, the rod penetrations with aspect ratio of 4.1 can be formed, and they can penetrate 40mm thick 45# steel. To further verify the power of the circumferential rod-type damage elements warhead, the power experiment has be

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Su, Cheng-hai, Yan-wen Xiao, Tao Sun, and Yuan-feng Zheng. "Research on the formation behavior of PTFE/Al reactive explosively formed projectile." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460, no. 1 (2023): 012132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012132.

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Abstract Based on AUTODYN-3D finite element analysis platform, the SPH algorithm is used to simulate the forming characteristics of Al/PTFE reactive Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP). The evolution behaviors and distribution of morphology, velocity, density, and temperature field during the reactive EFP were analyzed. Numerical simulation results show that Al/PTFE reactive shaped charge can form stable reactive EFP, and the overall density of reactive EFP decreases with the extension of the forming time, and the density of reactive EFP is much lower than the initial density of reactive liner

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50

Houman, J., Z. Ruoqi, and Z. Shouqi. "Application of nonlinear programming to explosively formed projectile design." Le Journal de Physique IV 10, PR9 (2000): Pr9–451—Pr9–456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2000975.

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