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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Explosives – Detection – Technique

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Academic literature on the topic 'Explosives – Detection – Technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Explosives – Detection – Technique"

1

Wang Gao, 王高, 周汉昌 Zhou Hanchang, 姚宝岱 Yao Baodai, 徐德刚 Xu Degang, and 姚建铨 Yao Jianquan. "Progress of Terahertz Spectroscopy Detection Technique of Explosives." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 48, no. 1 (2011): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop48.013001.

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MOWLAWI, ALI ASGHAR, and MAJED YAZDANI. "MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF SOIL MOISTURE EFFECTS ON ANTI-TANK LANDMINES DETECTION BY NEUTRON BACKSCATTERING TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 32 (December 30, 2009): 5907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209049735.

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The detection of landmines using available technologies is a time consuming, expensive, and extremely dangerous job, so that there is a need for technological breakthroughs in this field. One of the safest and most effective technologies to landmine and explosive detection is the neutron backscattering technique. The slowing-down of fast neutrons to the thermal energy is a direct measure of the concentration of hydrogen, one of the main elements present in explosive materials. The elastic scattering of fast neutrons is affected by the strong resonances in the cross-section of the three other elements of explosives: nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. In this work, Monte Carlo estimations of the soil moisture effects on landmine detection are presented.

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Sharma, Ramesh, Subodh Kumar, Saurabh Gupta, and Hari Srivastava. "Ultrasonic Standoff Photoacoustic Sensor for the Detection of Explosive and Hazardous Molecules." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 4 (June 26, 2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12454.

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<p>Standoff photoacoustic spectroscopic technique has been studied for the detection of hazardous molecules adsorbed on surfaces and in vapour/aerosols form in open air. Detection and identification of components in explosive mixtures in trace amounts is very challenging by any point or standoff spectroscopic detection technique. Discusses detection and identification of such components using standoff laser photoacoustic spectroscopic technique. Laser photoacoustic spectra of various trace molecules in the mid-infrared spectral band 7 μm - 9 μm have been recorded in vapor, aerosol, liquid forms as well as samples adsorbed on surfaces such as plastic and cloth. Pulsed quantum cascade laser is modulated at a frequency of 42 kHz resonant with that of microphone. Hazardous chemicals/explosives adsorbed on plastic and cloths surfaces were detected from a standoff distance up to 1.5 m. The sensitivities were found to be 20 μg/cm2, 20 μl liquid and 1.0 ppm corresponding to solid, liquid and vapour phases respectively. The chemicals/explosives used in the study were PETN, DNT, Acetone, and DMMP. Our study suggests that the photoacoustic technique has high selectivity and sensitivity for the trace detection and be used for screening of suspicious objects for security applications as a handy product.</p>

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Soma, Venugopal Rao, and Abdul Kalam Shaik. "Femtosecond Filaments for Standoff Detection of Explosives." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 4 (July 13, 2020): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.14962.

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In this report, we present our results from various studies to qualitatively discriminate the common military explosives viz. RDX, TNT and HMX in their pure form at a distance of ~6.5 m in standoff mode using femtosecond (fs) filament induced breakdown spectroscopy technique (fs FIBS) together with principal component analysis. A ~30 cm length fs filament obtained by a two-lens configuration was used to interrogate those energetic molecules in the form of pressed pellets (150 mg each). The plasma emissions were collected by a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope (SCT) from a distance of ~8 m away from the investigation zone. Additionally, a few significant results obtained from the LIBS-based investigations of nitroimidazoles with respect to the standoff distance (~2 m) are discussed. Furthermore, we have also summarised a few important results from our recent investigations of bulk energetic materials in various configurations (including those with fs filaments). The results obtained from various fs FIBS configurations corroborate that the filament generation and its properties, the size and f-number of collection optics influence signal strength in the FIBS technique. These results project the fs FIBS technique as a potential technique for investigations aimed at hazardous materials and harsh environments in the standoff mode.

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Sawa, Zdzislaw P. "PFN GASCA technique for detection of explosives and drugs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 79, no. 1-4 (June 1993): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(93)95421-z.

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Gokhale, P. P., and E. M. A. Hussein. "A 252Cf neutron transmission technique for bulk detection of explosives." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48, no. 7 (July 1997): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00028-6.

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Vourvopoulos, G. "Pulsed fast/thermal neutron analysis: a technique for explosives detection." Talanta 54, no. 3 (May 10, 2001): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00544-0.

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Gürkan, Serkan, Mustafa Karapınar, and Seydi Doğan. "Detection and Imaging of Underground Objects for Distinguishing Explosives by Using a Fluxgate Sensor Array." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245415.

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Active and passive techniques are two different techniques with which to detect buried explosives. In practice, the most preferred active method works by broadcasting a signal underground. This signal may stimulate the buried explosive and cause it to explode. It is important to eliminate or minimize this drawback to ensure the safety of the detector operator. In this respect, it is important to increase the studies on the passive detection technique which is not currently used in practice. The aim of this study was to passively detect improvised explosive devices without stimulating them, and to classify underground objects as explosive or non-explosive. A fluxgate sensor array having 33 components was used for passive magnetic field measurements, and the nearest neighborhood algorithm was preferred for classifying the resulting data. In experimental studies, 33 different samples having different amounts of ferromagnetic properties were used. Successful imaging and classification were achieved for the measurements up to 20 cm below the surface of soil. Data were recorded as 32 × 25 matrices, and then they were reduced to 32 × 2 matrices having the same features. Samples having explosive properties were distinguished from other underground objects with success rates of 86% and 95% for 32 × 25 and 32 × 2 data matrices, respectively. Classification times for 32 × 25 and 32 × 2 data matrices were 42 ms and 3.62 ms, respectively. For data groups where the best results were obtained for the data matrices, frame numbers classified in one second were calculated as 23.80 and 276.2, respectively. False alarm rate achieved was 5.31%. The experimental results proved the successes of the matrices reduction and classification approach. One of the most common problems encountered in passive detecting techniques is that the sensor position affects the measurements negatively. In this paper, a solution has been proposed for this important problem.

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Jander, Peter, and Reinhard Noll. "Automated Detection of Fingerprint Traces of High Explosives Using Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 63, no. 5 (May 2009): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370209788346922.

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Ultraviolet (UV) resonance Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for the detection of trace explosives. For real-world applications, it is necessary to develop data evaluation algorithms that automatically recognize the spectral features of explosives in a sample spectrum. We have developed a robust algorithm that can tolerate high levels of fluorescence background. We successfully demonstrated the detection of traces of ANFO and TNT explosives at surface coverage levels of 55 μg/cm2 in a blind test experiment. The sensitivity and selectivity is discussed in terms of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.

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Ma, Li, Yu Quan Wen, and Nan Yan. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Mesoporous Silica Film Materials for Explosive Detection." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1912.

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Trace explosives detection plays a more and more important role in military, civilian and opposition to state terrorism application. Through sol-gel technique and spin coating technology, three different types of surfactants as structure-directing agent， a series of different pore size mesoporous silica thin films with two-dimensional hexagonal structure doped by silylated naphthol fluorescence dye were successfully fabricated. By using fluorescence spectra method, different films doping fluorescence dye were sensed toward nitro explosive vapor such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), octahydro -1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and exhibit rapid response rate and extremely high fluorescent quenching efficiency, close to 72% after 60s response to TNT. The results clearly show that mesoporous silica films, with different porous size and structure, easily to be prepared and own high sensitivity, could be used as a new alternative of trace explosive detecting material.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Explosives – Detection – Technique"

1

Mata, Raman Deep. "Correlation based landmine detection technique /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426084.

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Brewer, Rebecca L. "Neutron and neutron-induced gamma ray signatures as a template matching technique for explosives detection." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2230.

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Henry, Samuel C. "3-D Terahertz Synthetic-Aperture Imaging and Spectroscopy." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/693.

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Terahertz (THz) wavelengths have attracted recent interest in multiple disciplines within engineering and science. Situated between the infrared and the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, THz energy can propagate through non-polar materials such as clothing or packaging layers. Moreover, many chemical compounds, including explosives and many drugs, reveal strong absorption signatures in the THz range. For these reasons, THz wavelengths have great potential for non-destructive evaluation and explosive detection. Three-dimensional (3-D) reflection imaging with considerable depth resolution is also possible using pulsed THz systems. While THz imaging (especially 3-D) systems typically operate in transmission mode, reflection offers the most practical configuration for standoff detection, especially for objects with high water content (like human tissue) which are opaque at THz frequencies. In this research, reflection-based THz synthetic-aperture (SA) imaging is investigated as a potential imaging solution. THz SA imaging results presented in this dissertation are unique in that a 2-D planar synthetic array was used to generate a 3-D image without relying on a narrow time-window for depth isolation [1]. Novel THz chemical detection techniques are developed and combined with broadband THz SA capabilities to provide concurrent 3-D spectral imaging. All algorithms are tested with various objects and pressed pellets using a pulsed THz time-domain system in the Northwest Electromagnetics and Acoustics Research Laboratory (NEAR-Lab).

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Collin, Olivier L. "Development of a Novel Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique for Forensic and Biological Applications." View abstract, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3292877.

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Norville, Pelham D. "Time-Reversal Techniques in Seismic Detection of Buried Objects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14475.

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An investigation is presented of the behavior of time-reversal focusing in soils. Initial numerical models demonstrate time-reversal focusing to be effective in elastic media, including when a large number of scattering objects were present in the medium. When scattering objects are present, time-reversal focusing demonstrates superior focusing ability when compared to other excitation methods such as uniform excitation or time-delay focusing. Multiple experimental investigations of experimental time-reversal focusing performed in sand evaluate time-reversal focusing effectiveness when multiple near-surface scattering objects are present in the medium. Experimental results demonstrate that time-reversal focusing is effective in the experimental context as well as the numerical models. Further experiments examine time-reversal focusing in more extreme cases where the entire ballistic wave is blocked, and the only energy reaching the focus point is reflected from scattering objects in the medium. A comparison to other focusing methods demonstrates that under these conditions, most focusing attempts with traditional methods will fail completely while time-reversal focusing does not. Additional configurations of time-reversal focusing examine its effectiveness when scattering is caused by an asymmetrical surface layers. The impact of an asymmetrical or non-uniform excitation array is also examined for time-reversal focusing in the presence of scattering objects. An investigation of the effects of scattering object geometry on focusing resolution in time-reversal focusing is also presented. Scattering object field density is found to have a strong, but diminishing effect on focusing resolution as the scattering object field density increased. Loss of surface wave energy available for focusing due to mode-conversion is found to be correlated with the density of the scattering object field. The impact of the weak non-linear nature of the soil on time-reversal focusing is examined through a study of time-reversal focusing behavior for a variety of amplitudes that generate different levels of non-linearity in the soil. This study of nonlinearity is coupled with a study of the impact of noise on time-reversal focusing. It appears that both non-linearity and noise have an impact on time-reversal focusing effectiveness. Further, the loss from these mechanisms seems to be interrelated. Noise seems to enhance non-linear loss in the soil.

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Ali, Esam M. A. "Applications of Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Forensic and Security Contexts. The detection of drugs of abuse and explosives in scenarios of forensic and security relevance using benchtop and portable Raman spectroscopic instrumentation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5267.

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Drug trafficking and smuggling is an ongoing challenge for law enforcement agencies. Cocaine smuggling is a high-value pursuit for smugglers and has been attempted using a variety of concealment methods including the use of bottled liquids, canned milk, wax and suspensions in cans of beer. In particular, traffickers have used clothing impregnated with cocaine for smuggling. Handling, transportation or re-packaging of drugs of abuse and explosives will inevitably leave residual material on the clothing and other possessions of the involved persons. The nails and skin of the person may also be contaminated through the handling of these substances. This research study describes the development of Raman spectroscopic techniques for the detection of drugs of abuse and explosives on biomaterials of forensic relevance including undyed natural and synthetic fibres and dyed textile specimens, nail and skin. Confocal Raman microscopy has been developed and evaluated for the detection and identification of particulates of several drugs of abuse and explosives on different substrates. The results show that excellent spectroscopic discrimination can be achieved between single particles and substrate materials, giving a ubiquitous non-destructive approach to the analysis of pico-gram quantities of the drugs and explosives in-situ. Isolating the particle in this way corresponds with an analytical sensitivity comparable with the most sensitive analytical techniques currently available e.g. the highly sensitive, yet destructive ionization desorption mass spectrometry. With the confocal Raman approach, this work demonstrates that definitive molecular-specific information can be achieved within seconds without significant interference from the substrate. The potential for the application of this technique as a rapid preliminary, forensic screening procedure is obvious and attractive to non-specialist operators as it does not involve prior chemical pretreatment ii or detachment of the analyte from the substrate. As a result, evidential materials can be analysed without compromising their integrity for future investigation. Also, the applications of benchtop and portable Raman spectroscopy for the in-situ detection of drugs of abuse in clothing impregnated with the drugs have been demonstrated. Raman spectra were obtained from a set of undyed natural and synthetic fibres and dyed textiles impregnated with these drugs. The spectra were collected using three Raman spectrometers; one benchtop dispersive spectrometer coupled to a fibre-optic probe and two portable spectrometers. High quality spectra of the drugs could be acquired in-situ within seconds and without any sample preparation or alteration of the evidential material. A field-portable Raman spectrometer is a reliable instrument that can be used by emergency response teams to rapidly identify unknown samples. This method lends itself well to further development for the in-situ examination by law enforcement officers of items associated with users, handlers and suppliers of drugs of abuse in the forensics arena. In the last section of this study, a portable prototype Raman spectrometer ( DeltaNu Advantage 1064) equipped with 1064 nm laser excitation has been evaluated for the analysis of drugs of abuse and explosives. The feasibility of the instrument for the analysis of the samples both as neat materials and whilst contained in plastic and glass containers has been investigated. The advantages, disadvantages and the analytical potential in the forensics arena of this instrument have been discussed.
Egyptian Government and Sohag University

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7

Ali, Esam Mohamed Abdalla. "Applications of Raman spectroscopic techniques in forensic and security contexts : the detection of drugs of abuse and explosives in scenarios of forensic and security relevance using benchtop and portable Raman spectroscopic instrumentation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5267.

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Drug trafficking and smuggling is an ongoing challenge for law enforcement agencies. Cocaine smuggling is a high-value pursuit for smugglers and has been attempted using a variety of concealment methods including the use of bottled liquids, canned milk, wax and suspensions in cans of beer. In particular, traffickers have used clothing impregnated with cocaine for smuggling. Handling, transportation or re-packaging of drugs of abuse and explosives will inevitably leave residual material on the clothing and other possessions of the involved persons. The nails and skin of the person may also be contaminated through the handling of these substances. This research study describes the development of Raman spectroscopic techniques for the detection of drugs of abuse and explosives on biomaterials of forensic relevance including undyed natural and synthetic fibres and dyed textile specimens, nail and skin. Confocal Raman microscopy has been developed and evaluated for the detection and identification of particulates of several drugs of abuse and explosives on different substrates. The results show that excellent spectroscopic discrimination can be achieved between single particles and substrate materials, giving a ubiquitous non-destructive approach to the analysis of pico-gram quantities of the drugs and explosives in-situ. Isolating the particle in this way corresponds with an analytical sensitivity comparable with the most sensitive analytical techniques currently available e.g. the highly sensitive, yet destructive ionization desorption mass spectrometry. With the confocal Raman approach, this work demonstrates that definitive molecular-specific information can be achieved within seconds without significant interference from the substrate. The potential for the application of this technique as a rapid preliminary, forensic screening procedure is obvious and attractive to non-specialist operators as it does not involve prior chemical pretreatment ii or detachment of the analyte from the substrate. As a result, evidential materials can be analysed without compromising their integrity for future investigation. Also, the applications of benchtop and portable Raman spectroscopy for the in-situ detection of drugs of abuse in clothing impregnated with the drugs have been demonstrated. Raman spectra were obtained from a set of undyed natural and synthetic fibres and dyed textiles impregnated with these drugs. The spectra were collected using three Raman spectrometers; one benchtop dispersive spectrometer coupled to a fibre-optic probe and two portable spectrometers. High quality spectra of the drugs could be acquired in-situ within seconds and without any sample preparation or alteration of the evidential material. A field-portable Raman spectrometer is a reliable instrument that can be used by emergency response teams to rapidly identify unknown samples. This method lends itself well to further development for the in-situ examination by law enforcement officers of items associated with users, handlers and suppliers of drugs of abuse in the forensics arena. In the last section of this study, a portable prototype Raman spectrometer ( DeltaNu Advantage 1064) equipped with 1064 nm laser excitation has been evaluated for the analysis of drugs of abuse and explosives. The feasibility of the instrument for the analysis of the samples both as neat materials and whilst contained in plastic and glass containers has been investigated. The advantages, disadvantages and the analytical potential in the forensics arena of this instrument have been discussed.

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8

Gudmundson, Erik. "Signal Processing for Spectroscopic Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120194.

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Spectroscopic techniques allow for studies of materials and organisms on the atomic and molecular level. Examples of such techniques are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy—one of the principal techniques to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information about molecules—and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—an important medical imaging technique for, e.g., visualization of the internal structure of the human body. The less well-known spectroscopic technique of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is related to NMR and MRI but with the difference that no external magnetic field is needed. NQR has found applications in, e.g., detection of explosives and narcotics. The first part of this thesis is focused on detection and identification of solid and liquid explosives using both NQR and NMR data. Methods allowing for uncertainties in the assumed signal amplitudes are proposed, as well as methods for estimation of model parameters that allow for non-uniform sampling of the data. The second part treats two medical applications. Firstly, new, fast methods for parameter estimation in MRI data are presented. MRI can be used for, e.g., the diagnosis of anomalies in the skin or in the brain. The presented methods allow for a significant decrease in computational complexity without loss in performance. Secondly, the estimation of blood flow velo-city using medical ultrasound scanners is addressed. Information about anomalies in the blood flow dynamics is an important tool for the diagnosis of, for example, stenosis and atherosclerosis. The presented methods make no assumption on the sampling schemes, allowing for duplex mode transmissions where B-mode images are interleaved with the Doppler emissions.

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Nico, Thibaut. "Étude et développement de solutions de relocalisation d'objets sous-marins par des véhicules sous-marins hétérogènes." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0005.

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Dans le contexte de guerre des mines (MCM), il est important de revisiter les objets potentiellement dangereux afin de les identifier et les neutraliser s’il s’agit effectivement de mines. Cette dangereuse tâche était habituellement réalisée par des plongeurs démineurs qui sont petit à petit remplacés par des drones sous-marins. Le design « low cost » des robots de revisite/destruction de mines ne permet en général pas de garantir la revisite d’une cible géolocalisée en allant droit dessus. De plus, le robot pourrait commencer sa mission sous-marine à une distance éloignée et l’absence de positionnement GPS en environnement sous-marin imposent l’élaboration d’une stratégie afin de garantir la revisite de la cible. En se basant sur des informations a priori de l’environnement et notamment la présence de points de repère (amers), le problème est résolu par la planification d’une stratégie à suivre en prenant en compte les incertitudes de déplacement inhérentes en milieu sous-marin. Dans un contexte d’erreurs bornées, une approche ensembliste est proposée. Premièrement, en se basant sur la position et la forme des amers, ainsi que la zone visible du capteur embarqué, les cartes de recalages sont construites afin de définir les poses du robot qui permettent de détecter les différents amers afin de réduire l’incertitude de position du robot.Deuxièmement, en se basant sur un modèle paramétrique de déplacement avec des paramètres incertains, une stratégie haut-niveau est proposée à travers l’optimisation d’un graphe. La stratégie consiste à naviguer entre les cartes de recalage afin de réduire l’incertitude de position du robot et finalement garantir la revisite de la cible souhaitée
In the Mine Counter Measure (MCM) context in the underwater environment, it is vital to revisit some potentially dangerous objects to identify and neutralize them if they are actually mines. This dangerous task was usually performed by humandivers but more and more it is conducted by unmanned underwater robots. Due to the low cost design of the revisit/mine-killer robot, going straightforward to the geolocalized suspicious object does not guarantee that the robot will redetect it.Moreover the robot may dive at a far position from the target and the lack of absolute positioning system in underwater environment demands a strategy to follow to guarantee the revisit of this target. Based on a priori information in the working area and especially the presence of geolocalized landmarks, the problem is solved as a motion planning problem considering uncertainties due to the increasing error when navigating underwater. In the context of bounded errors, the problem is solved in a set-membership manner. Firstly, based on the location and the shape of the landmarks, and on the visibility area of the sensor embedded, the registration maps are computed indicating the sets of robot poses to detect the different landmarks considered in order to reduce the uncertainty on the robot position. Secondly, based on a parametric motion model with uncertain parameters, an high level strategy is provided through a raph optimization. The strategy consists in navigating between the registration maps toreduce each times the uncertainty in position of therobot and finally to guarantee the reachability of agoal area corresponding to the redetection of the target

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Bors, Dana E. "Development of Total Vaporization Solid Phase Microextraction and Its Application to Explosives and Automotive Racing." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9826.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Pipe bombs are a common form of improvised explosive device, due in part to their ease of construction. Despite their simplistic nature, the lethality of pipe bombs should not be dismissed. Due to the risk of harm and their commonality, research into the pipe bomb deflagration process and subsequent chemical analysis is necessary. The laboratory examination of pipe bomb fragments begins with a visual examination. While this is presumptive in nature, hypotheses formed here can lead to subsequent confirmatory exams. The purpose of this study was to measure the mass and velocity of pipe bomb fragments using high speed video. These values were used to discern any trends in container type (PVC or black/galvanized steel), energetic filler (Pyrodex or double base smokeless powder), and ambient temperature (13°C and -8°C). The results show patterns based on container type, energetic filler, and temperature. The second stage of a laboratory exam is chemical analysis to identify any explosive that may be present. Legality calls for identification only, not quantitation. The purpose of this study is to quantitate the amount of explosive residue on post-blast pipe bomb fragments. By doing so, the instrumental sensitivities required for this type of analysis will be known. Additionally, a distribution of the residue will be mapped to provide insight into the deflagration process of a device. This project used a novel sampling technique called total vaporization solid phase microextraction. The method was optimized for nitroglycerin, the main energetic in double base smokeless powder. Detection limits are in the part per billion range. Results show that the concentration of residue is not uniform, and the highest concentration is located on the endcaps regardless of container type. Total vaporization solid phase microextraction was also applied to automotive racing samples of interest to the National Hot Rod Association. The purpose of this project is two-fold; safety of the race teams in the form of dragstrip adhesive consistency and monitoring in the form of fuel testing for illegal adulteration. A suite of analyses, including gas chromatography mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and evaporation rate, were developed for the testing of dragstrip adhesives. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods were developed for both nitromethane based fuel as well as racing gasolines. Analyses of fuel from post-race cars were able to detect evidence of adulteration. Not only was a novel technique developed and optimized, but it was successfully implemented in the analysis of two different analytes, explosive residue and racing gasoline. TV-SPME shows tremendous promise for the future in its ability to analyze a broad spectrum of analytes.

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Books on the topic "Explosives – Detection – Technique"

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Fraissard, Jacques, and Olga Lapina, eds. Explosives Detection Using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3062-7.

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Schubert, Hiltmar, and Andrey Kuznetsov, eds. Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1.

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Office, General Accounting. Terrorism and drug trafficking: Technologies for detecting explosives and narcotics : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives. Elsevier Science, 2007.

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Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Cagan, Avi, and Jimmie C. Oxley. Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2020.

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Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52204-7.x5017-2.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Review of Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques., ed. Existing and potential standoff explosives detection techniques. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2004.

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Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/10998.

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Hiltmar, Schubert, and Kuznetsov Andrey, eds. Detection of bulk explosives: Advanced techniques against terrorism. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Explosives – Detection – Technique"

1

Vakhtin, D. N., A. V. Evsenin, A. V. Kuznetsov, O. I. Osetrov, and M. D. Zubkov. "Decision-Taking Procedure for Explosives Detection by Nuclear Technique." In Detection of Explosives and Landmines, 59–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0397-1_6.

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Evsenin, A. V., A. V. Kuznetsov, O. I. Osetrov, and D. N. Vakhtin. "Detection of Hidden Explosives by Nanosecond Neutron Analysis Technique." In Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism, 89–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_10.

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Nguyen, Dao Hinh, Shirley Locquiao, Phuong Huynh, Qiaoling Zhong, Wen He, David Christensen, Lin Zhang, and Bill Bilkhu. "Fast Detection of Explosives Vapours and Particles by Chemiluminescence Technique." In Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives, 71–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2800-7_5.

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Alimpiev, S. S., S. M. Nikiforov, A. A. Grechnikov, and J. A. Sunner. "Novel Technique for Ultra Sensitive Detection of Organic Compounds." In Vapour and Trace Detection of Explosives for Anti-Terrorism Purposes, 101–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2716-1_12.

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Jing, Shi-wei, Gui-fu Yang, Yong Guo, Huan-yu Li, Xuan Liu, Yan Zheng, Yu-lai Zheng, Qiang Wang, and Guo-bao Wang. "Tagged Neutron Method Analysis: A Technique for Explosives Detection and Identification." In Proceedings of The 20th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, 905–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2317-0_85.

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Schubert, Hiltmar. "Detection of Explosives." In Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_1.

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Peichl, Markus, Stephan Dill, and Helmut Süß. "Detection of anti-personnel landmines using microwave radiometry techniques." In Detection of Explosives and Landmines, 195–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0397-1_19.

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Kuznetsov, A. V. "Overview of Bulk Explosives Detection Techniques." In Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism, 7–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_2.

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Averianov, V. P., I. Yu Gorshkov, A. V. Kuznetsov, and A. S. Vishnevetskiy. "Detection of Explosives Using Continuous Microwaves." In Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism, 161–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_18.

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Sherbakov, G. N., V. N. Tkach, and D. V. Tkachev. "Sub-Surface Location: Techniques and Equipment." In Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism, 155–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Explosives – Detection – Technique"

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Kwan, Thomas J. T., Tai-Sen F. Wang, and Richard E. Morgado. "Bulk Explosives Detection using Nuclear Resonance Absorption Technique." In IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2005.359259.

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He, Gaokui, Xiangyang Zhang, Guobao Wang, Yuqing Wan, and Huayang Tian. "Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Technology Applied in the Field of Explosives Detection." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15072.

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There are a number of detection techniques for the detection of explosives, 14N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a very promising technique owing to its unambiguous detection and identification of explosives. with this unique advantage, NQR technique gets more and more attentions around the world. Almost all of the explosives contain nitrogen element, the 14N nucleus is a non-spherically symmetric nucleus and has a quadrupole moment, the same 14N nuclei in different substances have different NQR frequencies, therefore, each substance is characterized by its own NQR frequency. So far, there have been more than 30 NQR probe nuclei, more than 10 thousands of substances have been investigated by the NQR technique and no identical NQR frequencies have been found. China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has investigated the concealed explosives detection by NQR for many years, this paper introduces the principle of 14N NQR detection, the structure of NQR detection system, and the application of NQR for the detection of explosives, mainly reviews the research activities of NQR at CIAE.

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Hongying Zhang, Yigang Sun, and Lixin Wei. "Explosives detection method based on improved algebraic reconstruction technique." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4593188.

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Östmark, Henric, Sara Wallin, Anna Pettersson, Anneli Ehlerding, Ida Johansson, and Markus Nordberg. "Standoff Detection of Vapor and Trace Amounts of Explosives by Raman Technique." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2010.lwd5.

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Bateman, Robert, Adam Harris, Linda Lee, Christopher R. Howle, and Sarah L. G. Ackermann. "Application of the modified transient plane source technique for early detection of liquid explosives." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Augustus W. Fountain. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2224174.

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Wu, Linchun, and George H. Miley. "IEC-Based Neutron Generator for Security Inspection System." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22696.

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Large nuclear reactors are widely employed for electricity power generation, but small nuclear radiation sources can also be used for a variety of industrial/government applications. In this paper we will discuss the use of a small neutron source based on Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) of accelerated deuterium ions. There is an urgent need of highly effective detection systems for explosives, especially in airports. While current airport inspection systems are strongly based on X-ray technique, neutron activation including Thermal Neutron Analysis (TNA) and Fast Neutron Analysis (FNA) is powerful in detecting certain types of explosives in luggage and in cargoes. Basic elements present in the explosives can be measured through the (n, n’γ) reaction initiated by fast neutrons. Combined with a time-of-flight technique, a complete imaging of key elements, hence of the explosive materials, is obtained. Among the various neutron source generators, the IEC is an ideal candidate to meet the neutron activation analysis requirements. Compared with other accelerators and radioisotopes such as 252Cf, the IEC is simpler, can be switched on or off, and can reliably produce neutrons with minimum maintenance. Theoretical and experimental studies of a spherical IEC have been conducted at the University of Illinois. In a spherical IEC device, 2.54-MeV neutrons of ∼108 n/s via DD reactions over recent years or 14-MeV neutrons of ∼2×1010 n/s via DT reactions can be obtained using an ion gun injection technique. The possibility of the cylindrical IEC in pulsed operation mode combining with pulsed FNA method would also be discussed. In this paper we examine the possibility of using an alternative cylindrical IEC configuration. Such a device was studied earlier at the University of Illinois and it provides a very convenient geometry for security inspection. However, to calculate the neutron yield precisely with this configuration, an understanding of the potential wall trapping and acceleration of ions is needed. The theory engaged is an extension of original analytic study by R.L. Hirsh on the potential well structure in a spherical IEC device, i.e. roughly a “line” source of neutrons from a cylindrical IEC is a “point” source from the spherical geometry. Thus our present study focuses on the cylindrical IEC for its convenient application in an FNA detecting system. The conceptual design and physics of ion trapping and re-circulation in a cylindrical IEC intended for neutron-based inspection system will be presented.

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Calzzani, Jr., F. A., R. Sileshi, A. Kassu, J. M. Taguenang, A. Chowdhury, A. Sharma, P. B. Ruffin, C. Brantley, and E. Edwards. "Detection of residual traces of explosives by surface enhanced Raman scattering using gold coated substrates produced by nanospheres imprint technique." In SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Craig S. Halvorson, Daniel Lehrfeld, and Theodore T. Saito. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.777072.

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Almaviva, S., S. Botti, L. Cantarini, A. Palucci, A. Puiu, F. Schnuerer, W. Schweikert, and F. S. Romolo. "Raman spectroscopy for the detection of explosives and their precursors on clothing in fingerprint concentration: a reliable technique for security and counterterrorism issues." In SPIE Security + Defence, edited by Roberto Zamboni, Francois Kajzar, Attila A. Szep, Douglas Burgess, and Gari Owen. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028855.

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Ostmark, Henric. "Stand Off Techniques for Explosive Detection." In Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lsc.2013.lw3a.6.

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Barrowes, Benjamin E., Dan R. Glaser, Mikheil Prishvin, Kevin O'Neill, and Fridon Shubitidze. "Short and long wire detection using high-frequency electromagnetic induction techniques." In Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XXIII, edited by Jason C. Isaacs and Steven S. Bishop. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2304059.

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Reports on the topic "Explosives – Detection – Technique"

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Christie, D. R., and B. L. Kennett. Detection of Nuclear Explosions Using Infrasound Techniques. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada479325.

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