Relevant bibliographies by topics / Export challenges

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Export challenges'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Export challenges"

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Mangani, Ktut Silvanita. "CHALLENGES AND EXPORT STRATEGIES OF INDONESIA." Fundamental Management Journal 5, no. 1 (2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/fjm.v5i1.1673.

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Exports are economic activities that can increase growth. However, during the ten years from 2018, the Indonesian economy to ASEAN experienced a growing deficit. The same thing happened in Indonesia's exports in total. The slowdown could occur due to a decrease in export volume and price decline. Therefore, this condition becomes a challenge for Indonesia's foreign trade. The problem becomes more severe for SMEs. Thus, efforts or strategies are needed to increase Indonesia's exports to ASEAN and the world. This paper is a simple study of the challenges and strategies of Indonesia's exports. Keywords :Export,Challenge,Strategy,ASEAN
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STREMOUSOVA, ELENA G., and OKSANA D. FALCHENKO. "RUSSIAN EXPORT TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 236, no. 4 (2022): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2022-236-4-314-328.

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The article is devoted to the issues of the Russian Federation export transformation the in the context of global challenges. The article solves the problem of finding ways to transform Russia›s exports and discloses the concept of export transformation, by which the authors understand a gradual change in the dominant structure and/or channels and/or export methods. The hypothesis was tested that Russia, as an export-oriented state, can maintain its export structure by reorienting it to other segments of the world market, using new methods of exchange. Based on the analysis carried out in the article, it was concluded that at present the most relevant for the Russian economy is the exports transformation through diversification, as access to new markets, and a change in the forms and methods of payment for exports.
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SARAVANAN, Dr M. "Banana Boom: Transforming Global Exports – Challenges and Opportunities." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem43836.

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India, the world's largest banana producer, accounts for approximately 25% of global banana production, yet its share in the global export market remains minimal at only 1%. Despite producing 35.36 million metric tons annually, India’s banana export value was only USD 176 million in 2023–2024. The major export destinations for Indian bananas include the Middle East, Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the UK, with an upward growth trend in exports, particularly to new markets such as Russia. However, challenges such as post-harvest handling, transportation, storage, and trade restrictions hinder the growth potential of Indian banana exports. Quality issues, such as black spots, bruising, and chemical residue, further complicate the process. In contrast, the global banana trade is valued at over USD 4.5 billion, and with emerging markets in China, Russia, and Eastern Europe, Indian exporters have substantial opportunities to increase their market share. With a focus on enhancing export procedures, improving packaging, and addressing quality control, India has the potential to significantly boost its banana exports in the coming years. KEY WORDS: Banana Production, Export Share, APEDA, Global Market
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BORTNIKOVA, Mariana, Pavlo BOHOMAZ, Yurii MATS, and Oleh PARASHCHYN. "Ukrainian agricultural exports: trends, challenges and prospects." Economics. Finances. Law 2/2025, no. - (2025): 14–17. https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2025.2.3.

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Ukraine is one of the world's largest exporters of agricultural products, holding leading positions in the supply of grain, oilseeds, and livestock products. The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the country's economy by ensuring employment, foreign exchange earnings, and food security. However, recent years have brought significant challenges, including war, disruptions in logistics, and global market instability, which have affected production and export capabilities. Despite these difficulties, Ukrainian agricultural exports remain a stable component of the economy, adapting to new geopolitical and economic realities. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the current state of Ukraine's agricultural exports, identify key trends, examine challenges facing the sector in the context of geopolitical instability, and determine prospects for future development. Recent years have shown fluctuations in Ukraine’s agricultural exports due to both internal economic factors and global challenges. While 2021 witnessed an increase in export volumes due to strong global demand, 2022 saw a sharp decline due to war-related disruptions, including port blockades and infrastructure damage. The recovery process began in 2023, facilitated by the establishment of alternative logistics routes via Danube ports, railway connections to the EU, and new trade agreements. Key export categories include grains (wheat, corn, barley), oilseeds (sunflower oil, soybeans, rapeseed), and livestock products. The European Union has become Ukraine's primary export market, followed by Asia and Africa. However, there remains a need for further market diversification, investments in domestic processing, and improvements in logistics infrastructure to ensure stable and competitive exports. Despite ongoing challenges, Ukraine continues to be a key player in global agricultural exports. The sector's future development will depend on diversifying export markets, increasing value-added production, optimizing logistics routes, and enhancing state support for agricultural enterprises. These strategic measures will help stabilize exports and strengthen Ukraine’s position in the international food supply system.
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Ayten Mekhraliyeva, Ayten Mekhraliyeva. "CHALLENGES FACING THE CURRENT STATE OF EXPORT POTENTIAL (IN THE CASE FOR AZERBAIJAN)." Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus 43, no. 04 (2021): 04–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/cescajsc4304202104.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of increasing export activity in ensuring economic development and the main conditions for increasing the country's export potential, to stimulate exports based on an assessment of the current state of export operations. Moreover, the study determines the directions for increasing the country's export potential and improving the legal framework for its use, furthermore, compile the adequate suggestions and recommendations. The report identifies the importance of export activities in the modern system of economic relations; The main conditions for increasing the export potential in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the stimulated means of using the export potential have been studied; the need for legal regulation of state intervention to increase the export potential of Azerbaijan and promote its implementation was substantiated; the system of legislative acts regulating the implementation of export operations was analyzed; the mechanisms of realization of the existing state support in the field of export stimulation in our country have been studied; The directions of improving the legal framework to increase the export potential and stimulate exports have been identified in our country. Keywords: export, foreign relations, economic development, growth, international trade.
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Patil, Parashram Jakappa. "Cashew : Export Challenges Ahead." AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship 3, no. 1 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/amcije/2020/v3i1/151773.

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Merezhko, Volodymyr M. "Development of Ukraine’s Export Potential under Geopolitical Challenges." Business Inform 4, no. 567 (2025): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-4-25-32.

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The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine’s export potential in the context of geopolitical challenges and to develop recommendations for its enhancement. The study is based on the analysis of official statistical data regarding the volumes, commodity, regional, and geographical structure of exports for the years 2021 and 2024, the use of comparative analysis methods and scientific synthesis, and the application of PEST analysis methodology for surveying the key factors affecting Ukraine’s export potential amid geopolitical challenges. The results of the study found a significant reduction in export volumes and transformations in the commodity and geographical structures during the Russian full-scale invasion, leading to the conclusion of a forced simplification of the export structure and increased dependence on the agro-industrial complex. A geographical reorientation of exports towards the EU market has been determined, which has altered the country’s foreign trade relationships. The factors affecting export trends have been outlined, among which the war in Ukraine is crucial one, having a destructive influence on production, logistics, energy, human capital, etc. Along with this, the positive role of deepening European integration, international support, and the internal adaptability of Ukrainian business and society has been highlighted. Recommendations have been proposed for enhancing export potential through the development of logistics adapted to the challenges of the war; encouraging deep processing in the agricultural sector; implementing differentiated approaches to export development at the regional level, which would take into account varying degrees of impact from the war; balancing market diversification and institutional improvements in the context of forming a foundation for an adaptive export strategy suitable for wartime conditions. It is substantiated that the realization of export potential in the current conditions requires a focus on sustainability and the use of new opportunities. A promising direction for further research is the assessment of the efficiency of specific export support policies in the context of the war and modeling various scenarios for the post-war restoration of Ukraine’s export potential. It is also important to continue monitoring the efficiency of the proposed measures in the dynamics.
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Di Fatta, Davide, Navneet Gera, Lokinder Kumar Tyagi, and Thomas Grisold. "Export knowledge." Kybernetes 48, no. 8 (2019): 1806–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2018-0245.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the export knowledge to be the determinant of export strategy, export commitment and export performance in carpet Industry. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative–quantitative approach, the unit of analysis is the individual export venturing firm in India. More in detail, a qualitative analysis was conducted through a focus group interview to explore the challenges of carpet exports. A quantitative analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and, because of covariate nature of the proposed research model, structural equation modeling to evaluate the research hypotheses. Findings The results emphasized that Indian carpet exports face major challenges, namely, issues of raw material that is wool, shortage of labor for weaving carpets and a lack of organization which has a negative impact on productivity and quality. Furthermore, this study shows that export knowledge directly influences the export strategy, export commitment and export performance. Originality/value Building on the results, this paper suggests corrective measures, as well as required knowledge, to formulate a strategy and boost the export performance of the carpet sector.
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Kalafsky, Ronald V. "Export challenges and potential strategies." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 16, no. 1 (2009): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000910932872.

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Akter, Sarmin. "Examining the Trends, Prospects, and Future Challenges of Bangladesh's Apparel Export to the Global Market." International Journal of Science and Business 32, no. 1 (2024): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.58970/ijsb.2294.

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This study delves into the intricate landscape of Bangladesh's apparel export to the global market, undertaking a comprehensive analysis of historical trends, current prospects, and future challenges. Drawing on secondary data sourced from the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), which compiles information from the Export Promotion Bureau of Bangladesh, our investigation unfolds through a multifaceted approach. The objectives of this study are threefold. Firstly, we aim to explore historical data to unveil patterns, fluctuations, and seasonality in Bangladesh's apparel exports. Secondly, we evaluate the current prospects and potential growth areas for the country's apparel industry, considering emerging trends and the ever-evolving dynamics of the international market. Thirdly, we delve into the identification of key challenges that impede the growth and competitiveness of Bangladesh's apparel exports on the global stage. The data analysis employs various tables and figures, providing visual insights into the dynamics of Bangladesh's apparel export. The findings reveal a consistent growth trend in apparel exports, with notable increases in export values across various categories and markets. However, the industry also faces several challenges, including intense global competition, rising production costs, supply chain disruptions, and sustainability concerns. We discuss the implications of these challenges for the industry's future growth and competitiveness, offering recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders. Additionally, we highlight the need for further research to address key limitations and explore emerging trends shaping the future of Bangladesh's apparel export industry. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics driving Bangladesh's apparel export sector and informs evidence-based strategies for sustainable growth and development in the industry. By amalgamating insights from prior studies, leveraging the extensive data compiled by BGMEA, and presenting findings through illustrative tables and figures, this study seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the trends, prospects, and challenges shaping Bangladesh's crucial apparel export industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export challenges"

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Richards, Donald Peter. "Canadian export interests and challenges from the Pacific." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25514.

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From early colonial times the Canadian economy, highly dependent on exports, has developed a pluralist economic system in a generally congenial international environment. Since 1970 however, the Canadian economy has been challenged, albeit at the margins, by unfamiliar impacts largely originating in the Pacific economy. The institutional reactions of relevant Canadian export interests - defined as the federal government, provincial governments and a small number of Canadian firms - have, on the whole, proved inadequate to these challenges. This inadequacy threatens Canadian domestic prosperity and constrains economic and political options internationally. This study hypothesizes that an adequate response to these new challenges depends on institutional adaptation within and among Canadian export interests. Six principles are advanced to promote this adaptation: 1. the priority of economic considerations; 2. the legitimate role of government; 3. full provincial participation; 4. coordination by the national government; 5. an authoritative voice for each interest; 6. better sharing and use of information. The six principles are applied in three case studies. The first concerns the international marketing challenge posed by the Japanese general trading company (soga shosha), and the Canadian government's initiative to create a Canadian trading corporation. The application of the six principles suggests an alternative proposal, the Canadian Commercial Centre, in which Canadian export interests develop and share information in a way which recognizes the appropriate role of each and the obligation of all to attain a greater coherence. The second case study concerns the recent Western Liquid Natural Gas (WLNG) project which featured a new form of investment (the minority interest joint venture coupled with a long-term supply contract) in which a consortium of Japanese buyers represented by a Japanese general trading company sought to reach agreement with an uncoordinated collection of Canadian firms and governments. The lack of coherence among these Canadian interests was at least a contributing factor in the loss of an opportunity to expand and diversify Canadian LNG markets. The application of the six principles to the WLNG case yields an alternative Canadian approach involving the early establishment of a committee of authoritative officials from the relevant Canadian interests, and a new coordinating role for a federal agency like the (now disbanded) Ministry of State for Economic and Regional Development and the Federal Economic Development Coordinator. The final case study concerns the challenge to trade and investment represented by the movement to a Pacific economic community, notably the Pacific Economic Community concept (PECC). The current reactions of such institutions as the Canadian committee of the Pacific Basin Economic Council and the federal Department of External Affairs are assessed, leading to the recommendation that the Canadian government should involve a wider constituency of current and potential Canadian export interests in an educational policy process which may bear on Canada's future prosperity and political resilience.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
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Gersfelt, Birgitte. "Developing country agriculture and international trade : impact and future challenges /." Copenhagen, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/540234249.pdf.

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Agus, Nugroho. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ON PRODUCTION CHANGES, MARKET INTEGRATION AND EXPORT CHALLENGES OF COFFEE SECTOR IN INDONESIA." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215968.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第19902号<br>農博第2185号<br>新制||農||1044(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H28||N5006(農学部図書室)<br>32979<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻<br>(主査)教授 福井 清一, 教授 伊藤 順一, 准教授 沈 金虎<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Kruger, Karen Lisa. "The challenges of the fruit supply chain following the deregulation of the South African fruit industry in 1997." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51944.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of the Marketing of Agricultural Products Act of 1996 resulted in the deregulation of the South African fruit industry in October 1997. This led to independent decision-making regarding the marketing of export products by a host of deciduous fruit producers and exporters. No longer were the producers controlled by a monopoly. The deregulation challenged the inflexible single-channel fruit pooling marketing structure of the past and exposed domestic producers and exporters to the competitive global fruit market. By implication this translated into a need to become globally competitive in the interest of growing market share. The focus of this new marketing system is to give the producer the opportunity to export high quality fruit and earn an associated premium for his products, and to strengthen his brand and reputation through these efforts. The deregulation also provided the opportunity for independent fruit growers to influence the optimisation of the value chain, in the interest of lower costs and improved customer service. The market has since changed from supply (stock "push") to demand driven (stock "pull"). It is now imperative that the various producers and exporters provide an efficient supply chain in order to satisfy the end user demands. A consequence of this would be the increase in deciduous fruit quality as a determinant of decidU<;ms fruit demand. Market research was conducted to determine the impact that deregulation has had on South Africa's deciduous fruit industry and to establish the degree to which Portnet should transform to accommodate this changing and deregulated environment. In summary, deregulation has created many opportunities for South African fruit producers and exporters in the domestic and international markets. The only impediment is whether the new logistical structures will be able to reduce costs and improve profit margins, particularly now that economies of scale have been dissipated. Customer service may improve, but at what cost?<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van die Bemarkingswet van Landbouprodukte in 1996 het gelei tot die deregulering van die Suid-Afrikaanse vrugtebedryf in Oktober 1997. Die gevolg hiervan was die onafhanklike besluitneming ten opsigte van die bemarking van uitvoerprodukte deur 'n groep sagtevrugteprodusente en -uitvoerders. Die produsente is nie langer deur 'n monopolie beheer nie. Die deregulering het die onbuigbare een-kanaal vrugtebemarkingstruktuur van die verlede opsy geskuif en binnelandse produsente en uitvoerders die geleentheid gebied om deel te word van die kompeterende intemasionale vrugtemark. Dit het by implikasie aanleiding gegee tot 'n behoefte om intemasionaal mededingend te wees in die belang van 'n groeiende markaandeel. Die fokus van hierdie nuwe bemarkingstelsel is om die produsent die geleentheid te gee om hoe kwaliteit vrugte uit te voer en die meegaande hoe premie vir sy produkte te verdien, asook om sy handelsmerk en reputasie sodoende te vestig. Die deregulasie het ook die onafhanklike vrugteprodusente die geleentheid gegee om seggenskap in die optimisering van die waardeketting te kry wat tot laer koste en verbeterde klientediens gelei het. Sedertdien het die mark verander vanaf 'n aanbodmark na 'n vraaggedrewe mark. Dit is nou uiters belangrik dat die verskillende produsente en uitvoerders 'n effektiewe voorsieningsnetwerk skep om in die eindverbruikers se behoeftes te voorsien. Die gevolg sou 'n toename in die gehalte van sagtevrugte wees, wat weer belangrike determinant van die sagtevrugte vraag is. Marknavorsing is gedoen om die impak van die deregulasie op die Suid-Afrikaanse sagtevrugtebedryfvas te stel. Wat ook vasgestel moes word, was die mate waartoe Portnet moet transformeer om in die veranderde en gedereguleerde omgewing te funksioneer. Om op te som, deregulering het verskeie geleenthede vir Suid-Afrika se vrugteprodusente en uitvoerders in die binnelandse en intemasionale markte geskep. Die enigste vraag is of die nuwe logistieke strukture wel koste sal verminder en winsmarges sal verhoog, veral noudat skaalvoordele nie meer van toepassing is nie. Klientediens sal verbeter, maar teen watter koste?
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Valogiannis, Elias. "The difference in agricultural production cost among European and non-European countries : potato and tomato : market challenges for import-export." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/9053/.

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The complicated world of fresh fruits and vegetables commerce has inspired me to proceed with this project. The main topic of this research is the production cost of tomato and potato which are the highest- in consumption -vegetables in the Greek market. The study is focused on Greek production versus rest countries around it (European and non European countries) which export these products under specific circumstances. By stating European countries, it is implied that the countries are laid geographically in European continent and they are included in the European Monetary Union. In non European countries there are either countries that belong geographically to Europe but they are not included in the European Monetary Union. Or countries that do not lay geographically in Europe. Therefore the methodology is divided geographically in two main levels of research: 1. Data collection from Greece where there are focus groups of agronomists, cooperative unions, traders. There’s a base of around two hundred farmers who have filled in questionnaires regarding the crops mentioned above. 2. Data collection from rest countries is based from interviews of foreign exporters, local importers – traders, embassies and also from colleagues of the mother company that I am working for. The questionnaires are structured in such a way to avoid coincidental answers by the interviewed people. The analysis was based on the SPSS statistical program and this has led to several findings: - Contracted agriculture in Greece may keep production costs low and reinforce the competitive power towards rest countries. In future, it should obviously expand to more crops. - Low income farmers pay more attention to finding cheap equipment than the rest. - Most farmers, especially the ones with big lands (more than five hectares per person) make precautionary use of chemicals to protect their crops from plant diseases. - Young farmers invest more in new technology and equipment than older generations. - Farmers, who invest in their crop business, believe in the future of biological agriculture. - The current evolution of biological agriculture in Greece remains lower than the average European one. - Large production farmers are more professional and they work on economies of scale to minimize their costs. - The expansion of organic crops in the Greek market can lead to a sustainable level of income for both producers and traders - Apart from unpredictable parameters like weather, the marketing of agricultural production can fully guarantee positive income. - The more professional the farmers are the more the investment in their crops - On a contract basis agriculture, farmers and super markets may become valuable partners Furthermore, the conclusions of this project can probably lead to future research on the topics below: - The successful minimization of production cost to contracted potato crops should find application in other cultivations. - The development of private labels in fresh fruits and vegetables is another exit to large scale Greek agricultural production. - Once the consumers become familiar with private labels, then the future researchers should concentrate on the evolution of these products. - The Greek exports should prioritize on the production of competitive, safe and qualitative products. These are the key factors to adapt to the European consumers’ demands. - The typical bureaucracy regarding imports and exports to and from Greece has to be lessened, because it often causes delays to loadings and quality reduction. - Exports to Scandinavian countries need to be further investigated in future. These countries have the financial ability to pay the added value of products, but they have high quality standards. The risk of rejection and a permanent collaboration break is quite high in such countries, if there is quality uncertainty. - Commercial challenges among rest countries should also be analyzed in future studies (exports from Fyrom to north Europe, from Turkey to north Europe, from China to Europe and Russia). - New legislation that eliminates the export barriers from the third Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon etc) should change the balances in the European agriculture.
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LaForce, Vanessa. "Legal challenges for developing countries' exports of agricultural food products to the EU." Thesis, Abertay University, 2013. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9a355197-e5bc-426f-a9c1-45956e732d56.

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This thesis critically examines the increasing complexity and diversity of market access issues for agricultural food products from developing countries (DCs) to the European Union (EU). Agriculture is the sector which receives the most protection from the EU and the trade-distorting measures, employed by the EU to protect its own agricultural market, affect opportunities for DCs in agricultural food trade. These measures are also opposed to the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) objective of a “fairer and more open multilateral trading system” between the WTO member countries. The EU post-colonial history with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries has also influenced the rules enforced by the EU for the import of certain agricultural commodities. However this relationship, as well as the operation of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy, has been subject to a number of sustained attacks as a result of WTO commitments. Therefore, this thesis will conduct an examination of the EU’s legal obligations under the WTO and their impact on agricultural food trade. The continuing change in EU market access conditions, subject to the legal trade rules established by the WTO, requires an in-depth analysis in order to inform DCs as to how to adapt to these changes as they take place. In this context, the thesis examines the legal trade relationship to date between the EU and the Caribbean region of the ACP Group, which has been selected as the case study, within the “Fortress Europe” of agriculture. Two commodities, sugar and bananas, will be given particular attention in the thesis because of their high sensitivity in agricultural trade and the level of contention that these provoke between the EU and DCs in international trade disputes. This is evidenced by the number of cases and the length of disputes brought within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO. As these commodities are of crucial importance to particular DCs, the thesis focuses its analysis on the perspective and experience of two developing Caribbean countries in particular, Guyana and Jamaica.
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Makhubele, Patricia. "Implementation of Natural Sciences and Technology practical activities by novice and expert teachers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60956.

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The importance of practical activities has been outlined in many articles and research studies. This study presents the way in which two novice and two expert teachers conduct practical activities in their intermediate phase in Natural Sciences and Technology (NST) classrooms and the challenges they face. This study was conducted in primary schools because researchers such as Mihret (2014, p.2) believe that "primary level science education is a cornerstone to lay a foundation to get young citizens interested in science". This study utilised a qualitative case study approach. The data was collected through classroom observations, open ended interviews and document analysis. The population of this study consisted of primary school teachers teaching Natural Sciences and Technology. The participants included two novice teachers and two expert teachers. The conceptual framework that guided this study emerged from the literature review. The conceptual framework of this study was based on concept of practical activity and the four pillared cognitive design framework. The findings of this study indicated that the way that novice and expert teachers conduct practical activities differ and they face different challenges when conducting practical activities. Novice teachers conduct teacher centred activities, they do not allow their learners to conduct independent practical activities, they use practical activities as a way to remind learners of the work done in the classroom and they mostly use previously developed worksheets during practical lessons. Expert teachers on the other hand conduct learner centred practical activities, they allow their learners to work independently and they do not always use worksheets in their practical activities. The findings also indicated that novice teachers face more challenges in their practical lessons than expert teachers. Novice teachers find it difficult to manage their learners' behaviour during practical lessons, they did not have confidence in their learners and they did not have effective disciplinary strategies. However, both novice and expert teachers had a challenge managing their time during their practical lessons.<br>Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Science, Mathematics and Technology Education<br>MEd<br>Unrestricted
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Chen, Yi. "Food safety and international trade : international legal issues and challenges facing Chinese food exports /." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580105.

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Sorenson, Dana B. ""Expert alchemists"? the challenges of governmental funding of faith-based ex-offender reentry programs /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 115 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605134011&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Rahman, Muhammad Sajidur. "An empirical case study on Stack Overflow to explore developers’ security challenges." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34563.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Eugene Vasserman<br>The unprecedented growth of ubiquitous computing infrastructure has brought new challenges for security, privacy, and trust. New problems range from mobile apps with incomprehensible permission (trust) model to OpenSSL Heartbleed vulnerability, which disrupted the security of a large fraction of the world's web servers. As almost all of the software bugs and flaws boil down to programming errors/misalignment in requirements, we need to retrace back Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and supply chain to check and place security & privacy consideration and implementation plan properly. Historically, there has been a divergent point of view between security teams and developers regarding security. Security is often thought of as a "consideration" or "toll gate" within the project plan rather than being built in from the early stage of project planning, development and production cycles. We argue that security can be effectively made into everyone's business in SDLC through a broader exploration of the users and their social-cultural contexts, gaining insight into their mental models of security and privacy and usage patterns of technology, trying to see why and how security practices being satisfied or not-satisfied, then transferring those observations into new tool building and protocol/interaction design. The overall goal in our current study is to understand the common challenges and/or misconceptions regarding security-related issues among developers. In order to investigate into this issue, we conduct a mixed-method analysis on the data obtained from Stack Overflow(SO), one of the most popular on-line QA sites for software developer community to communicate, collaborate, and share information with one another. In this study, we have adopted techniques from mining software repositories research paradigm and have employed topic modeling for analyzing security-related topics in SO dataset. To our knowledge, our work in SO data mining is one of the earliest systematic attempts to understand the roots of challenges, misconceptions, and deterrent factors, if any, among developers while they try to implement security features during software development. We argue that a proper understanding of these issues is a necessary first step towards "build security in" culture in SDLC.
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Books on the topic "Export challenges"

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Qiyun, Pan. Managerial challenges of China's export-oriented private enterprise. Oxford Brookes University, 2001.

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Ugoh, Sylvester U. Issues and challenges in promoting export diversification in Africa. African Export-Import Bank, 2004.

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National Economic Development Council (Mauritius), ed. Constraints and challenges facing the EPZ sector of Mauritius. National Economic Development Council, 1993.

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Parmar, M. N., Jagdish Solanki, and Sunita Nambiyar. Special economic zones (SEZs): Issues and challenges ahead. Faculty of Social Work, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2008.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. The export credit arrangement: Achievements and challenges 1978-1998. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1998.

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India, Export-Import Bank of, ed. Export of organic products from India: Prospects and challenges. Quest Publications, 2003.

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Bow, Josephine J. Bangladesh's export-apparel industry: Into the 21st century : the next challenges. Asia Foundation, 2001.

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Diejomaoh, Victor P. Trade and development at the dawn of a new millennium: Challenges and strategies for Africa and the role of Afreximbank. African Export-Import Bank, 2004.

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Funmi, Adewumi, ed. Labour relations in the export processing zone: Challenges for organized labour. Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 1997.

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1955-, Mustafizur Rahman, and Centre for Policy Dialogue (Bangladesh), eds. Bangladesh apparels export to the Japanese market: Opportunities and challenges. Centre for Policy Dialogue, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Export challenges"

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Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, and Heidi Winklhofer. "Differences in the Export Profiles Among Users of Export Marketing Research: Evidence from Two European Countries." In Europe’s Challenges. Gabler Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13432-9_14.

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Navarro-García, Antonio, and Marta Peris-Ortiz. "Export Entrepreneurship and Export Performance. A Resource and Competitive Perspective." In New Challenges in Entrepreneurship and Finance. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08888-4_1.

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Davis, B. D. "Past Triumphs, Future Challenges." In Protein Secretion and Export in Bacteria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71251-7_1.

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Johnson, Omotunde E. G. "The Export Challenges for African Countries." In Economic Diversification and Growth in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30849-4_5.

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Sudhanshu, Vinita. "Export Potential of Fresh Okra from India." In Okra: Status, Challenges and Opportunities. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9963-3_3.

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Puah, Chiew Wei, and Rizal Affandi Lukman. "Challenges and Opportunities for Palm Oil in Export Markets." In The Palm Oil Export Market. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003518600-8.

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Prashanth, P., M. Jagan Mohan Reddy, and Pranoy Ray. "Export Opportunity and Challenges in Organic Farming." In Organic Production of Vegetable Crops. Apple Academic Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003539049-3.

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Iqbal Firdaus, Muhammad. "The Challenges in Upstream-Midstream Supply Chain of Palm Oil Industry." In The Palm Oil Export Market. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003518600-4.

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Oliveira, João S., and John W. Cadogan. "The Empirical Link Between Export Diversification and Export Performance: Strategic and Resource Contingencies: An Abstract." In Marketing Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing Global Marketplace. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39165-2_187.

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Mohd Nasir, Najuwa, Norshahrizan Nordin, and Fadhlur Rahim Azmi. "The Challenges of Return on Investment in the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry." In The Palm Oil Export Market. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003518600-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Export challenges"

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Kurtulan, Tundzhay, Ivan Gutierrez, Bradley Healey, and Mark McLeod. "Valves in Hydrogen Gas Transport: the Challenges of the Energy Transition." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19525.

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Abstract Valves of multiple types and sizes are being utilized in a natural gas network. The collective experience on valves for natural gas service is extensive. However, the lack of experience and standardization for valves in gaseous hydrogen service is hindering the progression towards a net zero transition. While ISO 19880-3 is available for gaseous hydrogen fuelling stations, it is designed for a much higher frequency use of valves when compared to future gaseous hydrogen pipeline service, therefore it is necessary to establish a standard for gaseous hydrogen pipeline valves, specifically for future hydrogen export pipelines in diameters ranging from 18” to 42”. Hydrogen embrittlement is a notorious damage mechanism in the oil and gas industry. A common misconception is to expect similar failure behaviour in gaseous hydrogen service as in hydrogen sulphide and other hydrogen charging environments. This is reflected in the valve industry with an excessive approach to the qualification of hydrogen valves. The research and trials show that the future export of gaseous hydrogen will not be nearly as detrimental when compared to hydrogen sulphide. Considering this, material selection, qualification and testing can be done in a flexible manner, effectively reducing the costs and labour in the progress of the hydrogen transition.
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Kawale, P. K., and O. Fatahi Valilai. "Barriers to Prosperity: Evaluating the Challenges of Agricultural Export from India to the European Union." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857135.

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Binthabet, H. A., T. AISayed, M. Ai Marzooqi, et al. "Corrosion Management Challenges Related to CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery on Existing Production Infrastructure." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07649.

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Abstract There can be significant corrosion management challenges resulting from planned CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects in relation to new &amp; existing oil &amp; gas production infrastructure, covering existing production wells, subsea pipelines and offshore process facilities. The CO2 EOR project presented will involve water alternating gas (WAG) injection into an existing reservoir via new injection wells. It is planned that 1 to 3 years of seawater injection will be followed by gas injection, at 5000 psig (345 barg), of up to 41 mmscfd (1.16 Msm3/d) of CO2 rich gas (80 mol%) into the mature reservoir. Reservoir modelling indicates that within 18 to 24 months water and CO2 breakthrough will occur, initially at the new producing wells, but eventually this will occur at existing producing wells also. The CO2 rich (up to 50 mol%) and high water cut (up to 80%) production fluids will be transported via existing subsea pipelines to offshore processing facilities for separation and export. The different corrosion management options for elevated CO2 and produced water operating conditions were reviewed to develop a range of corrosion control / material selection options for new delivery pipelines, injection wells, and producing wells, and additional corrosion control (with associated corrosion monitoring and inspection requirements) for existing production flowlines, and process equipment.
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Vasilieva, Natalya, Ziad Shahoud, and Zeinab Bahturidze. "Export of Russian education: Challenges and prospects." In Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference “Business Cooperation as a Resource of Sustainable Economic Development and Investment Attraction” (ISPCBC 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispcbc-19.2019.92.

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Ciorap, Daniela. "Accounting of goods exports: realities and trends." In International student scientific conference "Challenges of accounting for young researchers", 8th Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2024.68.

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The study examines current trends and future prospects of merchandise exports from the Republic of Moldova, emphasizing their economic significance. Despite challenges such as limited market diversification and infrastructural constraints, Moldova demonstrates resilience in its exports, with agriculture and the European Union dominating the export profile. Forecasts suggest growth opportunities in non-traditional export sectors. Improved trade facilitation measures and infrastructure development are crucial strategies to enhance export competitiveness. Targeted policy interventions are essential for fostering sustainable growth in Moldova's merchandise exports.
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T., Tkachuk. "EXPORT COMPETENCIES OF TOURIST DESTINATIONS BRANDING." In TOURISM OF THE XXI CENTURY: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND CIVILIZATION VALUES. Київський національний торговельно-економічний університет, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/k.knute.2020-06-01.35.

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Tayurskaya, O. V. "Administration of VAT on Export-Features and Challenges." In International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.186.

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Thatte, Pradeep R., and Aniruddhsinh Rathod. "Export of Crude Oil From Bhogat SPM Terminal: Specific Challenges." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2463.

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Transportation of crude oil and liquid petroleum products through cross country pipeline for inland movement &amp; through jetty/SPM for export/import has been a very common phenomenon across the world. M/s Cairn India Ltd. (“CIL”) are the operator of block RJ-ON-90/1 in India and operate the block on behalf of itself and its Joint Venture (JV) partner - Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). The Block contains a number of major oil discoveries including the Mangala field in the state of Rajasthan, India. M/s Cairn India Ltd. (“CIL”) have approval from Government of India (GOI) for a pipeline to transport crude oil from the Block at Rajasthan to coastal terminal facility in Gujarat and recently commissioned the facility for exporting Mangala crude oil through marine tankers from our Bhogat Terminal safely. The facilities &amp; export operations for crude oil at our Bhogat Terminal is very unique and , specific in nature — especially due to properties of crude oil &amp; mainly considering following aspects. (I) Handling Mangala crude oil containing significant quantities of wax &amp; it is expected to congeal at temperatures below 50°C. (II) Crude oil is always required to be kept heated for maintaining temperature &gt; 60°C – Handling crude with specific properties and scenario w.r.t. normal liquid petroleum products. (III) Displacement of crude oil with Light Flushing Oil (LFO-HSD being used as LFO) from twin marine headers and subsea/floating hose strings after every tanker loading operation &amp; recovery of light flushing oil back to shore tank prior to every export tanker loading. – Safely managing a very distinguished &amp; highly critical/risky nature of operations to prevent congealing of crude oil inside subsea/floating hose systems which cannot be provided with heating system.
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Kumuduni, W. Y., K. P. B. Karunarathna, N. B. Sugathadasa, et al. "Sri Lanka Export Development Board: Navigating Challenges through Digital Transformation." In 20th International Conference on Business Management - 2024. ICBM 2024 and Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fmsc/icbm24/csb.01.c03.

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Digital transformation is crucial for organizations to effectively navigate environmental challenges by enhancing agility and adaptability. It allows streamlined processes, improve access to data (real time or otherwise), and innovative solutions, enabling quick responses to dynamic conditions, ensuring sustained relevance and resilience in a rapidly changing business landscape. This chapter presents the case of the Export Development Board (EDB) of Sri Lanka, illustrating how digital transformations have helped them navigate the challenges posed by various issues during 2019 and beyond. Examining the period from 2019 to 2023, it elucidates how digital platforms enabled the EDB to navigate significant challenges in the export sector, especially during its upheavals of 2020. The study delves into the efficacy of these measures, the challenges encountered during implementation, and the EDB's forward-looking digital strategies. Readers can glean insights into the practical applications of digital transformation in crisis management, the resilience it affords to organizations, and the strategic planning needed for future challenges in the global business landscape. The case study also highlights how uncertainty served as an opportunity for the EDB to establish both its role and function, as well as to undergo digital transformation in its work processes.
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Chikhladze, Nikoloz, and Gocha Ugulava. "Georgia's Export Challenges in the Context of Increasing Global Security Risks." In V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-95-112.

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Despite the general trend of liberalization of foreign trade of goods and services in most countries of the world, this process is characterized by different intensity in different countries and requires taking into account the features of national and regional models of economic development. However, the existing legal field of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in terms of export promotion significantly limits the possibility of using it in international trade for individual countries. Under such circumstances, countries are forced to look for new legal ways to support domestic exporters. In particular, the need for state support for export in many developing countries is due to the fact that in world practice, despite the requirements of the WTO, there are contradictions between economically developed countries (unions) and developing countries. Differences in the national economic interests of different countries in the field of foreign trade give rise to conflicts of interests, the intensity of which led to the necessity of institutionalization of opportunities for the harmonization of interests within the framework of the WTO. Despite the efforts of multilateral trading system institutions and regional trade associations, the list of protectionist barriers that prevent the free movement of goods, capital and people is growing. This is confirmed by the practice of using various taxes and quotas, technical restrictions on imports (introduction of safety norms or standards that differ from those established in the exporting countries), as well as establishing fiscal, legislative, and administrative barriers. The paper examines the main trends of Georgia's exports and highlights the main challenges in the conditions of increasing global security risks. Keywords: Export, Global Security, Foreign Trade.
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Reports on the topic "Export challenges"

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Jin Kang, Sung. Asia’s Low-Carbon Transition: Opportunities and Challenges for Trade. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230192-2.

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This paper finds the green trade pattern of Asian economies is increasing in terms of its export share within the region and in global trade. However, the green imports share showed faster growth than the exports share. In addition, the pattern of green trade differs depending on green industry definitions, pointing to a need for international consensus on defining green trade in order to measure and analyze patterns more accurately.
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Razzaque, Mohammad Abdur, Rabiul Islam Rabi, and Barun Kumar Dey. Fostering Export Diversification in Bangladesh: Issues and Way Forward. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240339-2.

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As Bangladesh is set to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status by 2026, this working paper reviews the trends and dynamics of exports in Bangladesh. Despite the success in garments exports, Bangladesh's overall export volume remains modest and suffers from staggering export concentration. This paper examines diversification challenges and explores the potential implications of LDC graduation on export expansion and diversification. It also outlines policy recommendations to promote export diversification and support a smooth transition from LDC status.
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Bowe, Scott, Matt Bumgardner, and Terry Mace. Opportunities and challenges for the export of U.S. value-added wood products to China. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-35.

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Brockmann, Kolja, and Nivedita Raju. NewSpace and the Commercialization of the Space Industry: Challenges for the Missile Technology Regime. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yrpy6524.

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The changing nature of the space industry—particularly through its NewSpace entrants—is resulting in changes in business practices, new funding sources and capitalization models, as well as gaps in awareness and understanding of export controls. NewSpace is not only changing the nature of the space industry, but also exacerbating existing missile proliferation risks and posing challenges for the effective implementation of export controls. It therefore requires a coordinated response by the main multilateral missile export control instrument: the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). This report identifies developments, trends and possible proliferation scenarios linked to the NewSpace industry that pose possible missile proliferation risks and challenges for MTCR export controls. The report seeks to strengthen the implementation of export controls and related policy instruments through the MTCR and national measures, in order to prevent commercial space industry activities contributing to programmes for missiles and other delivery systems capable of carrying chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.
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Lutta, Alphayo, Anderson Kehbila, Cynthia Sitati, Elizabeth Majani Sunguti, Timothy Suljada, and Philip Osano. Challenges and opportunities for upgrading the avocado value chain in East Africa. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2024.032.

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Chaitoo, Ramesh. The Entertainment Sector in CARICOM: Key challenges and Proposals for Action. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009113.

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Although small in terms of population, the Caribbean is renowned for its creativity. Its cultural diversity is manifested in a variety of artistic expressions including folklore, crafts, performances, music festivals, and carnivals. Despite the Caribbean's great potential in the entertainment sector, important domestic challenges - emanating from both public and private sectors - have long impeded the successful growth of creative industries. The paper explains how the implementation of the Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union should serve as an impetus for stakeholders in the region to address these barriers thereby creating favorable conditions for the production and export of Caribbean entertainment services. This Study presents an overview of policies in the creative sector in terms of the promotion of services exports in selected CARICOM states: Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. This Technical Note highlights bottlenecks to implementation of recommendations proposed in existing analyses and diagnostics and suggests specific ways in which these can be overcome. It formulates concrete recommendations for relevant actors, including donors and domestic governments, to promote the development of the creative industries.
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Friel, Daniel, Juan Carlos Hallak, and Alejandro Artopoulos. Challenges of Exporting Differentiated Products to Developed Countries: The Case of SME-Dominated Sectors in a Semi-Industrialized Country. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010986.

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This paper surveys four Argentinean industrieslight ships, television programs, wines, and wooden furniturethat have experienced substantial export growth in recent years, particularly to developed countries. The case studies first describe the structure of the industries, then characterize the emergence of export pioneers and the subsequent process of diffusion. Finally, they analyze the role played by public institutions. Across sectors, the appearance of a pioneer is largely explained by a knowledge advantage relative to other industry participants regarding foreign markets, which the pioneer acquired previously and independently of his decision to export. Diffusion occurs across as well as within sectors, as pioneers knowledge is relevant to other industries. Since diffusion does not necessarily hurt the pioneer, public policy has a potentially important role in fostering diffusion within and across sectors.
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Brockmann, Kolja, and Dmitry Stefanovich. Hypersonic Boost-Glide Systems and Hypersonic Cruise Missiles: Challenges for the Missile Technology Control Regime. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/bdyx5243.

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An increasing number of states are pursuing hypersonic missile development programmes, including for hypersonic boost-glide systems and hypersonic cruise missiles. Hypersonic missiles combine hypersonic speed and manoeuvrability which can result in target ambiguity, render missile defences ineffective and reduce warning times. Some hypersonic missiles are developed as delivery systems both for nuclear and conventional payloads. The combination of these capabilities may have escalatory or destabilizing effects. The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is the main instrument through which states seek to harmonize export control policies to govern the transfer of missile technology. It is key to ensure that the MTCR’s guidelines and control list adequately cover hypersonic missiles and related goods and technologies. This paper seeks to improve the understanding of hypersonic missiles, increase awareness among policy makers and export control officials, and inform the ongoing technical and policy discussions within the MTCR to strengthen efforts to limit the proliferation of hypersonic missiles.
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Rodríguez, Ennio, and Anneke Jessen. The Caribbean Community: Facing the Challenges of Regional and Global Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008676.

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On 4 July 1998, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. CARICOM is one of the oldest integration schemes in the Western Hemisphere, the largest in terms of membership, yet by far the smallest in economic and geographic terms. In the wake of its historic anniversary, many have reflected on the Community's past achievements and future prospects. Has CARICOM served the development goals of its member states? Will it assist them in pursuing those goals into the next century? How can regional integration facilitate CARICOM's successful insertion into the global economy? The aim of this study is to answer those questions and, in doing so, to contribute to the ongoing debate on the future of CARICOM. With some exceptions, CARICOM economies have either stagnated or grown very slowly, and high unemployment has become chronic. Despite important policy changes, export diversification has been limited and insufficient for generating satisfactory growth rates. Size constraints have always hampered the potential for growth based on domestic markets and intra-CARICOM trade; decreased protectionism makes the size limitations even more evident. The region's overall export performance has been unsatisfactory despite privileged market access conditions. Today those conditions are becoming less favorable. Foreign aid, a key contributor to development in past decades, is also diminishing. CARICOM is clearly at a crossroads. Chapter I provides a general overview of the Caribbean Community, key features of its economies and the challenges facing the region on the eve of the new millenium. Chapter II offers an overview of the regional integration process, including progress on intra-regional trade liberalization, the deepening and the widening of CARICOM. Chapter III examines the external challenges facing the region today, particularly as regards its trade relations with Europe, the United States, Canada and Latin America. Chapter IV examines key areas of the services sector, both in terms of enhancing the region's export potential and supporting the establishment of a functioning single market. Chapter V briefly examines the Community's institutional structure, outlining existing bottlenecks to the effective design, implementation and enforcement of common policies. Chapter VI provides an analytical justification for promoting integration and cooperation initiatives in the region, and suggests a number of actions that could be taken to enhance the development prospects of CARICOM. The study argues that despite the limited contribution of regional integration efforts to economic development in the region so-far, integration can play a beneficial role if pursued under the right framework and with the right instruments.
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Brockmann, Kolja, and Lauriane Héau. Developing Good Practices in Export Control Outreach to the NewSpace Industry. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/bqao1685.

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NewSpace is changing the nature of the space industry, exacerbating missile proliferation risks and posing challenges for the effective implementation of export controls. NewSpace companies develop, test, produce, use and market missile-related emerging and dual-use technologies, including small and micro launchers. One of the measures states can take is to address these developments is to step up targeted outreach to NewSpace actors, raising awareness of such risks to strengthen compliance with export controls and foreign direct investment (FDI) screening mechanisms. Key elements of an effective outreach strategy for the NewSpace sector include tailored use of established outreach tools, mapping stakeholders, incentivizing participation in outreach activities, consistently engaging with launch vehicle manufacturers, inter-agency cooperation, and raising awareness of FDI-related risks. The Missile Technology Control Regime, the Hague Code of Conduct and the Wiesbaden Process provide multilateral forums through which states can begin sharing experiences and develop good practices for outreach to the NewSpace industry.
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