Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Export diversification'
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1
Verdugo, Pedreros Esteban. "“Does intraregional Trade facilitate export diversification?" Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149706.
Abstract:
TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍAUsing a panel dataset that considers a large number of developing and developed economies, we find robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that higher levels of intraregional trade lead to a more diversified exporting structure. Employing a gravit ybased framework described in Felbermayr and Groschl (2013),we construct a time-varying instrument of intraregional exports that allow us to obtain evidence of the causal relationship between integrationanddiversification.
2
Kebakile, Pinkie Gertrude. "Dynamics of firm-level export diversification in Botswana." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30165.
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the firm-level dynamics of export diversification in Botswana. Botswana is a country characterised by a high level of export concentration, with diamonds dominating its export bundle. With the stock of diamonds expected to be depleted in the near future, Botswana faces the urgent challenge of diversifying its export bundle. While much analysis has focused on the product composition of exports, little focus has been placed on the role that firms play in driving the composition of exports in Botswana over time. This thesis fills this gap in the literature. The analysis draws on various unique and unexplored databases. Firstly, it uses a panel of transaction level data for the period 2003 to 2012 obtained from Statistics Botswana. Second, the transaction data are merged with a panel of manufacturing firm data for the period 2003 to 2012 obtained from Department of Industrial Affairs. Finally, tariff data at the product level (HS8) for the period 2003 to 2012 are obtained from the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). Drawing on these databases allows for a detailed firm level analysis of export diversification not previously possible for Botswana. The thesis is comprised of three main chapters in addition to the general introduction and concluding chapters. The first main chapter (chapter 2) uses the transaction data to document the stylized facts associated with Botswana’s firm-level export diversification. Their consistency is assessed with empirical evidence in other countries. The background analysis reveals that a majority of exporting firms (over 70%) export to a single export destination and a small fraction of firms (less than 25%) export to multiple export destinations. However, as found in the international literature, export values are highly concentrated amongst the multi-destination exporters. The analysis also reveals that diamonds dominate Botswana’s export bundle, which are exported to one major destination, being the United Kingdom. An additional focus of the chapter is the relationship between firm size and changes in export diversification, defined in terms of product and destination margins. To study the dynamics between firm export size and diversification, a Multinomial logit regression approach is adopted. This technique is used to estimate the predicted probabilities of moving between different product-destination categories as a firm grows in export value. The results reveal nonlinearities in the evolution of a firm’s diversification path. At low values of exports, firms concentrate on selling a single product to a single destination. As firms grow in export value, they expand the number of products to the destination rather than the number of destinations of that product. This is a striking contrast to results found in other countries whose diversification path has been found to be driven mainly by the expansion of the number of destinations per product (Stirbat et al., 2011; Cadot et al., 2013). Only at higher export values do the multi-product firms transition into exporting to multiple destinations. The contrasting diversification path for Botswana suggests that diversification into new export markets is a key constraint to growth and diversification of Botswana’s export bundle. Therefore, the remaining chapters of the thesis explore firm level factors determining export destination diversification. Chapter 3 looks at the role of firm productivity in driving the diversification of firm exports across destinations. An important component of this analysis is the productivity relationship associated with manufacturing firm’s exporting out of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). To assess the relationship, the transaction data are merged with the manufacturing database. Given the high number of zero trade flows for many firms, the Zeroinflated Poisson regression model is used to estimate the link between firm productivity and export destination diversification. The results strongly support the prediction that more productive firms enter the export markets. The results also show that upon entering the export market, only the relatively productive firms become multi-destination exporters. The results also confirm the presence of a productivity premium for firms exporting out of the SACU region. Chapter 4 tests the complementary input hypothesis where access to imported intermediate inputs enhance productivity thus enabling firms to access more export destinations. It further assesses whether the impact varies across differentiated inputs or homogenous inputs. Three measures are used to proxy input complementarity, namely: number of product-source country pairs, number of source countries and total import value. Using a poisson model with fixed effects, the results provide strong evidence of a positive association between variety of imported inputs used by a firm and the range of destinations it exports to. The results are robust across all the measures of input complementarity. Given concerns regarding endogeneity of imported input use, the reductions in tariffs under the South Africa – European Union Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) is used to instrument firm use of imported intermediate inputs. Using the Two-stage Residual Inclusion approach, the results confirm the productivity-enhancing effects of the input complementarity hypothesis on firm export destination diversification. These results, hence, suggest that firms stand to benefit from the productivity-enhancing effects of imported intermediate inputs which can boost their export destination diversification efforts.
3
Primo, Jessyca. "Trade Facilitation and Export diversification in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29364.
Abstract:
This paper uses a gravity model to investigate the impact of trade facilitation on export diversification in South Africa. This paper uses panel data of 124 countries ranging over the period 2012 – 2016. In this paper, a statistical approach called factor analysis was used to construct four new aggregate trade facilitation indicators from a wide range of primary indicators that measured many aspects of trade facilitation for each of the countries in the panel and the number of product lines exported from South Africa was used as a measure of export diversification. We include simple average import tariffs of each country, distance, GDP, population, geographical and cultural variables and regional trade agreements with South Africa. As our export diversification measure is discrete (i.e. count data), we postulate that the number of product lines exported to each country follows a Poisson distribution which follows the approach used by Dennis & Shepherd (2011) and Persson (2013). The focus of this paper is to determine the impact of on-the-border trade facilitation on export diversification. We find that border and transport efficiency contributes significantly to export diversification and the effect is confirmed when examining export diversification between countries. We also find that ocean ports, airports, custom procedures and number of days to import drive this contribution of border and transport efficiency on export diversification.
4
Fowdar, Narud. "Agricultural diversification and economic development in Mauritius." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387302.
5
Abdullahi, Abdi Isamail. "Does Export Diversification Boosts Economic Growth in Sub SaharanAfrica Countries?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33724.
Abstract:
Growth induced export has become a major concern for policy makers to transform and upgrade the export composition to achieve economic growth objectives; in this respect, export diversification become at the heart of growth induced export narrative. Nevertheless, this study attempts to find relationship between export diversification and economic growth. To investigate this relationship, a cross-section method is used with averaged data from the period 1991 to 2009 of 41 sub Saharan Africa countries; moreover, diagnostic tests were conducted to ensure the robustness of the model. The empirical result of this study shows positive correlation between export diversification and economic growth which can be concluded that export diversification promotes economic growth.
6
Mello, Hugo Santana de. "Export diversification determinants : where do Brazil, Chile and Mexico diverge?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19072.
Abstract:
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusEsta dissertação identifica e compara os determinantes da diversificação dos produtos exportados pelo Brasil, Chile e México, já que suas margens intensivas têm evoluído diferentemente. Análise de dados através de séries temporais do modelo dos mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO) do período de 1990 até os anos atuais nos permite inferir quais as variáveis mais relevantes. Os resultados sugerem que o determinante mais importante para atingir a diversificação das exportações é a mudança produtiva, de commodities para produtos manufaturados. A análise empírica também indica que variáveis como a taxa de câmbio, qualidade das instituições, crédito, e distância dos principais parceiros têm impactos relevantes na diversificação. Curiosamente, liberalização do comércio, significativa para os três países, favoreceu a especialização para os casos do Brasil e Chile, e diversificação no caso do México, presumidamente pelo seu acesso ao mercado Norte Americano e processo de produção de baixo custo através das maquiladoras.
This dissertation aims to identify and compare the determinants of products exports from Brazil, Chile and Mexico, seeing that their intensive margin exports have evolved differently. Data analysis and time series ordinary least square (OLS) models from 1990 up to the present allow us to infer which variables explain the greater picture. The results suggest that the most relevant determinant to achieve a diversified export basket is the shift on the production from commodities and primary goods to manufacturing. The empirical analysis also indicates that variables such as exchange rate, institution quality, credit, and remoteness play relevant roles on diversification. Curiously, trade liberalization, while relevant to the three countries, favoured specialization in the Brazilian and Chilean cases, and diversification in the Mexican case, presumably due to its access to the North American market and the maquiladoras' cheap production process.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
7
Lugeiyamu, Eric. "Is Export Diversification a Key Force to Africa’s Economic Growth? : Cross-Country Evidence." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30541.
Abstract:
The study examines the influence (effects) of export diversification in defining economic growth differences across Africa and it tests its robustness in different samples and estimation techniques compared to other variables of trade namely, trade openness and export growth. It applies an augmented Solow growth model in a cross-section dataset for the period of 1998 to 2009 with all three trade variables tested under a single framework. It is found that countries with more diversified exports generally experienced faster economic growth; therefore, variation in export diversification levels explains the observed growth differences across Africa. The results show that both export diversification and export growth are robust determinants of economic growth rates in the region while trade openness is not. The findings have a strong bearing on trade policy by emphasising the importance of more diversified exports to mitigate the negative impacts of global economic shocks to economic growth in the region.
8
Dikova, Desislava, Andreja Jaklic, Anze Burger, and Aljaz Kuncic. "Export diversity or focus? What strategy is best for first-time internationalizing SMEs from an emerging market?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4171/1/Export_performance_of_new_exporters_Working_paper_FINAL.pdf.
Abstract:
The question how much internationalization is beneficial for emerging-market small and medium enterprises (EM SMEs) remains challenging to answer for both international business (IB) scholars and managers. We explore export strategies of first time exporters and focus on the scope of EM SMEs internationalization activities. We tackle the question whether more focused or more diversified internationalization through exporting is beneficial for EM SMEs. We examine the impact of foreign market (geographic) diversification, product diversification and export intensity on firm performance of an entire population of EM SMEs from an emerging east European market. In addition, we test whether a complex export strategy-an export strategy of simultaneous product- and geographic export diversification-is beneficial for EM SMEs. We use a panel population data of first time Slovenian exporters in the period 1994-2012. We find that diversified internationalization, both in terms of product and foreign market diversity, significantly improves productivity and sales performance for EM SMEs. Furthermore, EM SMEs with complex export strategies enjoy significantly improved productivity and sales performance.Series: Working Papers / Institute for International Business
9
Choga, Ireen. "The impact of export diversification on economic performance in South Africa: 1980-2012." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018223.
Abstract:
A widely held view is that export diversification constitutes an important component of export led growth, and poses a major challenge for many developing countries. Given this, the role of export diversification on economic growth warrants a fresh analysis in South Africa. The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. In this context, the study seeks to establish the relationship between export diversification, export stability and export growth. Initially, the study examines the extent and structure of export diversification in South Africa; it then empirically establishes the link between export diversification, export stability and export growth. Finally, it develops a model and investigates the effects of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. As an attempt to fulfill the proposed objectives, this study uses quarterly data for the period 1980 to 2012 as well as data for 28 selected groups of commodities to investigate the effects of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. Measures of export diversification and structural changes in exports in the context of South Africa were discussed. The findings of this study are that the Commodity Specific Cumulative Experience function showed that plots for manufactured commodities are shifted to the right indicating that the commodities are non-traditional in nature whereas, plots for primary commodities are shifted to the left. Results also indicated that South Africa relies more on traditional exports than manufactured exports. Various measures of export instability were used to calculate the export instability index in South Africa. The results of the study reveal that the South African export basket is slightly diversified, and the less diversified or primary commodities are associated with high instability VECM approach was used to allow us to establish the extent of influence of export diversification and other explanatory variables on economic growth. Consistent with other researchers, the study found that export diversification plays significant roles to economic growth in South Africa. A number of diagnostic checks were employed to validate the parameter evaluation of the outcomes achieved by the model. The model passed all the diagnostic checks. On the whole, the results to a larger extent painted a pictured that export diversification is important or drives economic growth in South Africa. Corroborating our findings with work of other scholars, we conclude that our results are complementary.
10
Mudenda, Caroline. "The role of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa: 1980 - 2010." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007044.
Abstract:
This study examined the role of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. The study used annual time series data for the period covering 1980 to 2010 and employed a Vector Error Correction Model to determine the effects of export diversification and possible factors that affect it on economic growth. Possible factors that affect export diversification considered as independent variables in this study include gross capital formation, human capital, real effective exchange rate and trade openness. Results of the study reveal that export diversification and trade openness are positively related to economic growth while real effective exchange rate, capital formation and human capital have negative long run relationships with economic growth. The study recommended the continual implementation of trade liberalisation by the South African government. The South African government is also encouraged to promote the production of a diversified export basket through subsidisation, promotion of innovation and production of new products.
11
Arnarsdottir, Joanna, and Kristina Hansson. "Can Export Diversification Save sub-Saharan Africa from Extreme Weather? : An instrumental variable approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434996.
Abstract:
Growth and development in the context of climate change and environmental challengesare issues of increasing importance in the economic debate. With higher levels of greenhousegases in the atmosphere, droughts and other forms of extreme weather are expected to increasein frequency. Some of the worst affected are people living in sub-Saharan African countries. However, there are literature showing that countries who diversify their production becomesmore resilient against negative shocks. This study aims to determine the relationship betweenprecipitation anomalies and GDP per capita growth under different levels of concentrationof the export portfolio, in order to understand what kind of diversification reduces economicrisks connected to precipitation. Precipitation anomalies, such as abnormally heavy rainfallor droughts, is seen as a good measurement for climate change, and can thus be treated aseconomic shocks. We are using data on export product shares and monthly precipitation todetermine whether the level of sectoral diversification in exports affects the influence precipitation anomalies have on GDP per capita growth. The effects are estimated using a two-stageleast squares model, only targeting countries in SSA for our estimations. The results show thatpositive weather anomalies correlate with lower levels of GDP per capita growth. But the samenegative trend cannot be seen for negative precipitation anomalies. The results also show thatthe level of diversification within exports does not have any significant effect on the influencethat precipitation anomalies have on GDP per capita growth.
12
Pietrobelli, Carlo. "Technological capability and export diversification in a developing country : the case of Chile since 1974." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282199.
13
Ekmen, Ozcelik Seda. "Turkey'." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614913/index.pdf.
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to examine Turkey&rsquos export competitiveness in the first 15 members of the European Union (EU-15 market) against non-EU-15 competitors. The study covers the recent period since the Customs Union agreement signed between Turkey and the EU at the end of 1995. Turkey&rsquo
s position in the EU-15 market is analyzed in detail by focusing upon major dimensions of export competitiveness
such as &lsquo
export similarity&rsquo
, &lsquo
export diversification&rsquo
, &lsquo
intensive and extensive margins&rsquo
, &lsquo
revealed comparative advantages&rsquo
, &lsquo
dynamic market positioning&rsquo
and &lsquo
competitive threat&rsquo
. We use various indexes from the literature and develop some original indexes as our own contributions. In terms the subject-matter, time dimension and data-detail of our study, all indexes utilized in this thesis are applied to Turkey&rsquo
s case for the first time. Examining price and quantity differences across countries and within each industry, Turkey&rsquo
s competitive position in the EU-15 market is analyzed as compared to 30 countries for more than 3000 export-product groups classified according to their technological characteristics. Based on the results, suggestions at the levels of countries, products and technological categories are made for Turkey to improve its export strategy in terms of seizing the existing but unexploited opportunities in the EU-15 market against its competitors. Policy possibilities are also discussed for directing Turkey&rsquo
s competitiveness towards higher value-added products in a rational and strategic way.
14
Paraschiv, Mihai. "THREE ESSAYS ON EXPORT CONCENTRATION, INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS, AND THE CARBON CONTENT OF TRADE." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/25.
Abstract:
A common finding in the international trade literature is that economic integration leads to export diversification. By documenting a positive link between joining the European Economic and Monetary Union and bilateral export concentration, the leading essay shows that this is not always the case. Using a panel data approach, I find that exports between the Eurozone members are on average more concentrated than those among countries which do not share the euro. Central to this outcome is that some economic integration agreements, such as the European Economic and Monetary Union, may lead to a drop in not only trade but horizontal FDI costs as well. Theoretically, the results can be explained by the substitutability between exporting and horizontal FDI within a two-sector, two-firm type model which allows for sectoral trade cost heterogeneity.
Since the early 1970s, a series of international environmental agreements (IEAs) were signed, ratified, and enforced throughout the developed and developing nations. Regarding IEAs as potential barriers to trade, the second essay seeks to quantify their impact on industry-level exports by using a gravity regression approach. I proceed by classifying industries into dirty and clean based on their average emission intensities and find that the ratification of IEAs is associated with a significant reduction in export flows. The decrease is more pronounced for industries which are classified as dirty or for those which are characterized by high emission intensities per unit of output. Additionally, climate change IEAs bring about a compositional shift towards cleaner exports. Lastly, climate change and acid rain IEAs are found to engender leakage effects. No such evidence is recovered for ozone depletion accords.
The third essay adds to the literature on the Kyoto protocol and the carbon content of bilateral trade. It does so by analyzing the effect of ratifying the Kyoto protocol on exports, the carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of exports, and the CO2 emissions embodied in exports within a novel dataset of 149 countries. For parties that took on binding emission caps, the ratification of Kyoto protocol leads to (i) lower CO2 emissions embodied in exports, (ii) lower CO2 emission intensities, but (iii) higher overall exports. For the same group of countries, a year-by-year analysis underlines a permanent decline in both the CO2 emission intensity and the CO2 content of their exports. Furthermore, the analysis also points out to a short-run decline in exports. In the long run, however, exports are estimated to recover. Also, the commitment type or whether a party was designated as a transition economy at the time of ratification are found to shape the above three outcomes.
15
Afari-Sefa, Victor. "Agricultural export diversification, food security and living conditions of farmers in Southern Ghana : a microeconomic and household modelling approach /." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866175&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
16
Mania, Élodie. "Diversification du commerce, vulnérabilité et développement économique." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR027.
Abstract:
La littérature économique récente et les grandes instances internationales s’accordent sur les vertus d’une stratégie de développement économique basée sur la diversification. Ce consensus provient d’une part des enseignements de l’histoire des vagues successives des réussites des économies émergentes asiatiques et d’autre part des nombreuses validations économétriques de la relation entre diversification et croissance économique. Pour autant, ce consensus est relativement récent puisqu’il opposait, dans les années 50, les structuralistes aux néo-classiques. Ces derniers s’inspiraient des théories traditionnelles du commerce international qui, depuis Ricardo (1817), prônent le libre-échange et la spécialisation des économies selon leurs avantages comparatifs. A l’inverse, les pionniers du développement insistaient sur le fait que les politiques de développement se doivent d’introduire des distorsions aux mécanismes de spécialisation selon les avantages comparatifs, le processus de changements structurels étant conditionné par la diversification et la composition des exportations. Dans le cadre de notre doctorat, notre travail de recherche consiste à ré-explorer théoriquement et empiriquement la relation entre la diversification des exportations et le développement économique dans le contexte actuel de la mondialisation. Une première interférence dans le débat provient de l’intégration des pays en développement dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales où les pays ne se spécialisent plus dans la production d’un produit mais dans un segment délimité du processus de production. Les conséquences de cette déconnexion entre la structure productive d’un pays et la diversification de ses exportations sont étudiées au travers d’une extension du modèle post-keynésien de Thirlwall (1979). Cette analyse nous permet de mettre en avant l’hétérogénéité des modèles de diversification de trois régions en développement, à savoir l’Afrique subsaharienne, l’Asie en développement et l’Amérique latine. A la suite de cette analyse, nous tentons d’éclairer la boîte noire que constitue cette relation entre diversification des exportations et croissance économique en nous intéressant aux canaux de transmission de la relation. Pour ce faire, nous exploitons les propriétés d’une version élargie de la loi de Kaldor-Verdoorn en évaluant l’impact de la diversification des exportations sur le taux de croissance de la productivité et le niveau des rendements d’échelle de plusieurs groupes de pays. Dans un second temps, nous nous interrogeons sur la compatibilité d’une stratégie de diversification des exportations avec les défis environnementaux auxquels sont confrontées les nations de nos jours. Nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent qu’un niveau plus élevé des émissions de CO2 est associé à un panier d’exportation plus diversifié. Un examen plus approfondi à partir d’une analyse théorique et d’une étude empirique montre que l’effet positif de la diversification des exportations sur les émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) concerne particulièrement les pays à revenu plus élevé. Enfin, nous abordons la diversification des exportations sous l’angle de la diversification des partenaires commerciaux au travers d’une étude de cas sur le Vietnam. Dans un modèle de croissance contrainte par la balance des paiements multi-pays, nous analysons les performances de croissance de ce pays en mesurant la contribution de ses partenaires commerciaux à sa contrainte extérieure. Cette étude de cas soulève plus généralement, dans le contexte historique contemporain, les questions de la macro-résilience et des vertus d’un modèle de développement basé exclusivement sur le commerce internationalRecent economic literature and major international organizations are agreed on the virtues of export diversification as a development strategy for developing countries. The consensus has two main sources: the successful experience of the Asian emerging countries on the one hand, and the numerous empirical studies showing positive relationship between diversification and economic growth on the other hand. The consensus is new since the debate was at the center of the controversies between free-trade and structuralist economists in the 1950s. Since Ricardo (1817), the former had been inspired by traditional theories of international trade and advocated free trade and specialization based on a country’s comparative advantages. Conversely, the pioneers of development economics emphasized the need for development policies to introduce distortions into the specialization mechanisms of comparative advantages, as the process of structural change is driven by diversification and export composition. The thesis explores theoretically and empirically the relationship between export diversification and economic development in the present context of globalization. Firstly, the integration of developing countries into global value chains, where countries no longer specialize in the production of a product but in a delimited segment of the production process, questions the relationship. The consequences of the disconnection between a country’s productive structure and its export diversification are analyzed through an extension of Thirlwall’s (1979) post-Keynesian model. The analysis allows us to emphasize the heterogeneity of diversification models of three developing regions, namely sub-Saharan Africa, developing Asia and Latin America. We thereafter attempt to open the black box that constitutes the relationship between export diversification and economic growth. The transmission channels of the relationship will be examined by using the properties of an extended Kaldor-Verdoorn Law that assesses the impact of export diversification on productivity growth and the degree of returns to scale for several countries. Secondly, as far as countries are concerned, the compatibility of export diversification strategy with the environmental challenges is questioned. Our preliminary results suggest that a higher level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is associated with a more diversified export basket. Further investigation from theoretical and empirical analyses demonstrates that the positive effect on CO2 emissions is valid for the upper-middle income and the high-income economies. Finally, we approach export diversification from the perspective of trading partner diversification in a case study on Vietnam. We analyze the country’s growth performance by measuring the contribution of its trading partners to its external constraint in a multi-country balance of payments constrained growth model. The study case questions the macroeconomic resilience and the virtues of a development model driven exclusively by international trade nowadays
17
Wiechork, Sandro. "Análise da estrutura produtiva da microrregião de Frederico Westphalen (2005 – 2015)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3245.
Abstract:
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-12-11T21:43:04Z
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work intended to analyze if there was evolution and dynamics of the economic basis of Frederico Westphalen microregion, in Rio Grande do Sul, considered economically poor, if it’s compared to the other regions of this state. Douglass North's theoretical contribution about economic basis theory was used to explain the development of the region with the export of its products to other regions or countries, associating the commercialization of its goods with economic development and separating the activities in basic and not basic ones. So, the research showed in what activities the microregion is specialized and in what cities, making a comparative analysis among 2005, 2010 and 2015. In order to analyze the specialization or diversification of the activities, we used the employment multiplier, locational quotient (LQ) and the specialization coefficient (SC) for the microregion in relation to the state. Additionally, the last one was calculated for the cities in relation to the microregion to identify which cities lead the microregion to have (or not) the same trend of state specialization. The employment multiplier, used to identify the elements of the export basis, presented higher value than the unit for all years, relating the employment with the basic activities. The SC pointed six sectors that can be considered as export basis: non-metallic mineral production, textile industry, food and beverages, retail business, financial institution and public administration. Although agriculture is still very present in the region, it isn’t a basic export activity; but North characterizes it as a basic activity naturally. The SC used to analyze the productive structure of the cities registered similar values for most of them. However, six of them stand out with a specific structure: Cristal do Sul, Dois Irmãos das Missões, Gramado dos Loureiros, Novo Tiradentes, Novo Xingu and Rio dos Índios. Therefore, the study did not indicate rates that demonstrate the triggering of the economic basis of the cities in the microregion, pointing a lack of value aggregated to that economic basis, so that it can be attractive and can transform itself.
Este trabalho objetivou analisar se houve evolução e dinâmica da base econômica da microrregião de Frederico Westphalen, no Rio Grande do Sul, considerada atrasada economicamente diante das demais regiões deste Estado. Foi utilizado o aporte teórico de Douglass North sobre a teoria de base econômica, que busca explicar o desenvolvimento da região através das exportações de seus produtos para outras regiões ou países, associando a comercialização de seus bens com o desenvolvimento econômico e separando as atividades em básicas e não básicas. Assim, a pesquisa mostrou em quais atividades a microrregião está especializada e em quais municípios, efetuando uma análise comparativa entre os anos de 2005, 2010 e 2015. Para analisar a especialização ou diversificação das atividades da microrregião em estudo, foram utilizados o multiplicador de emprego, o quociente locacional (QL) e o coeficiente de especialização (CE) para a microrregião em relação ao Estado. Adicionalmente, este último foi calculado para os municípios em relação à microrregião, para identificar quais os municípios que levam a microrregião a ter (ou não) a mesma tendência de especialização do Estado. O multiplicador de emprego, usado para identificar os elementos da base de exportação, apresentou maior valor do que a unidade para todos os anos, relacionando o emprego com as atividades básicas. O CE apontou seis setores que podem ser considerados como base de exportação: produção mineral não metálica, indústria têxtil, alimentos e bebidas, comércio varejista, instituição financeira e administração pública. Embora a agricultura ainda seja muito presente na região, não se mostrou atividade básica de exportação; porém, North a caracteriza como atividade básica por natureza. O CE usado para analisar a estrutura produtiva dos municípios apresentou valores semelhantes para a maioria deles. Contudo, seis se destacam, revelando uma estrutura específica: Cristal do Sul, Dois Irmãos das Missões, Gramado dos Loureiros, Novo Tiradentes, Novo Xingu e Rio dos Índios. Logo, o estudo não apontou índices que demonstrem o desencadeamento da base econômica dos municípios da microrregião, registrando uma falta de agregação de valor a essa base econômica, para que ela possa ser atrativa e consiga se transformar.
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Arias, Figueroa Juan José. "Internacionalización de las empresas proveedoras de servicios en la minería." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147258.
Abstract:
Estudio de caso para optar al grado de Magíster en Estrategia Internacional y Política ComercialChile es el primer productor de cobre a nivel mundial en la actualidad, siendo esta industria de suma importancia para sus exportaciones, la inversión extranjera directa entrante y por ende para la economía del país. Sin embargo, este sector se ha visto afectado por externalidades negativas, por ejemplo, las fuertes fluctuaciones de los precios de los commodities. Estos retos afectan el desarrollo futuro del sector y constituyen una oportunidad para la innovación de la industria. En este contexto, el desarrollo de los proveedores de servicios en minería es clave para fortalecer su capacidad tecnológica, y generar soluciones intensivas en conocimientos. Estos proveedores de servicios son clave para la diversificación de la canasta exportadora del país. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar en qué medida las exportaciones de los proveedores de servicios han sido impulsados por empresas de capital chileno o por sucursales de empresas multinacionales establecidas en Chile, considerando el periodo comprendido entre los años 2010 y 2014. En particular, la pregunta de investigación es, ¿en qué medida los cambios en las exportaciones de los proveedores de servicios se deben a las variaciones en las exportaciones de las mismas empresas de los mismos servicios a los mismos países (el llamado margen intensivo) o se debe a las variaciones de nuevas empresas de nuevos servicios a nuevos mercados (el llamado margen extensivo)? En la medida que las empresas de capital chileno juegan un papel importante en el margen extensivo, se podría concluir que contribuyen a la diversificación exportadora del país. Los resultados indican que las empresas chilenas juegan un rol significativo en la diversificación de las exportaciones de servicios en la minería, dado a que estas representaron el 40% en promedio del margen extensivo de entrada en el periodo estudiado. Sin embargo, las empresas extranjeras son aquellas que representaron el 78% del valor total exportado en el periodo. Es por esto que, las políticas o programas enfocados en el sector deben ayudar a generar estabilidad para las empresas chilenas, con la finalidad de mantener su supervivencia en el mercado internacional Además, se debe considerar que se encuentran consolidadas a nivel regional, pero en un proceso de transición donde una mayor asociatividad entre los sectores público - privado puede incentivar su proceso de captación de nuevas tecnologías, y por ende su innovación, logrando así una mayor diversificación a nivel mundial y su inserción en las cadenas globales de valor.
Chile is the leading producer of copper worldwide, being this industry of immense importance to its exports, to foreign direct investment and therefore to the country economy. However, this sector has been affected by negative externalities, for example, the low prices of commodities. Therefore, these elements affect the future development of the sector and, also constitute an opportunity for industry innovation. In this context, the development of mining services suppliers is the key to strengthen their technological capacity and generate knowledge-intensive solutions. Theses suppliers are very important to diversify Chilean exports. The objective of this paper is to know to which extent services suppliers’ exports have been boosted by Chilean companies or by multinationals located in Chile, considering the period between 2010 and 2014. In particular, the investigation question is: to which extent changes in services suppliers’ exports are caused by exports variations of the same companies of the same services to the same countries (intensive margin) or by exports variations of new companies of new services to new countries (extensive margin)? As Chilean companies play a key role in the extensive margin, it can be concluded that they contribute to exports diversification. The results indicate that Chilean companies play a significant role in the diversification of mining services export, since they represent an average of 40% of the extensive margin of entry in the period studied. However, foreign companies are those that represented 78% of the total value exported in the period. Therefore, the policies or programs focused on the sector should help to generate stability for Chilean companies, aiming to maintain their survival in the international market. Besides, it must be considered that they are consolidated at the regional level, but in a transition process where a greater association between the public and private sectors can stimulate its process of attracting recent technologies and therefore its innovation, thus achieving a greater diversification at a global level and its insertion in global value chains.
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Losilla, Solano Luis Vinicio [Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Theuvsen, Alejandra [Gutachter] Engler, and Stephan Von [Gutachter] Cramon-Taubadel. "Internationalization and diversification strategies of companies from emerging economies: the case of fresh fruit export companies from Chile / Luis Vinicio Losilla Solano ; Gutachter: Alejandra Engler, Stephan Von Cramon-Taubadel ; Betreuer: Ludwig Theuvsen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172970785/34.
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Phi, Minh Hong. "Déterminants de la causalité entre le développement financier et le commerce international." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR067.
Abstract:
Les changements majeurs intervenus dans le commerce international correspondant à la participation importante des pays émergents au marché mondial remettent en cause la perception traditionnelle du commerce. Au lieu de se spécialiser dans la production pour laquelle ils disposent d’un avantage comparatif, les pays en développement considèrent la diversification des exportations comme un moyen alternatif d’améliorer la croissance économique et de réduire les chocs négatifs externes. Par ailleurs, la crise financière mondiale de 2008 soulève l’examen de la relation entre le taux de change réel (TCR) et le commerce international. Dans une telle perspective, cette thèse tente d’étudier dans un premier temps le lien de causalité entre la diversification des exportations et le TCR dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire. Tout d’abord, nous trouvons une causalité bidirectionnelle entre nos deux variables d’intérêt. En décomposant leurs exportations par destination, le même lien bidirectionnel est enregistré dans le cas du commerce Sud-Nord, tandis que la causalité unidirectionnelle allant du TCR vers la diversification des exportations est marquée dans le commerce Sud-Sud.Deuxièmement, nous comparons cette relation entre deux groupes de pays, l’Asie vs. l’Amérique latine et l’effet de deux crises financières (en 1997 et 2008) sur ce lien. Nous montrons que, sans considération des crises financières, il existe une causalité bidirectionnelle pour les pays d’Amérique latine et la relation conventionnelle allant du TCR vers la diversification des exportations pour les pays asiatiques.Toutefois, en tenant en compte des crises financières, la causalité bidirectionnelle est fondée dans les deux sous-groupes.Troisièmement, nous abordons la question de l’effet de la diversification des exportations sur l’élasticité-prix des importations en comparant deux modèles d’intégration dans la région de l’Asie-Pacifique: les États-Unis avec le modèle d’intégration traditionnel, la Chine avec un modèle singulier d’intégration Sud-Sud. De manière générale, nous trouvons que l’élasticité-prix est négative pour les importations en provenance de la Chine et positive dans le cas des États-Unis. Lorsque leurs partenaires commerciaux réussissent à diversifier leurs destinations à l’exportation, les élasticités-prix des importations s’affaiblissent. Ces résultats questionnent la condition de Marshall-Lerner. Quatrièmement, pour étudier comment un pays pourrait diversifier ses exportations, nous examinons si un choc de change peut être un facteur promouvant la productivité des entreprises. En utilisant la méthode des différences de différences sur les données au niveau des firmes pour les secteurs industriels vietnamiens, nous avons découvert un effet positif d’une appréciation persistante du dong vietnamien sur la productivité des entreprises. Nous confirmons que la recherche et le développement (R&D) pourrait expliquer le mécanisme par lequel une appréciation améliore la productivité des entreprisesMajor changes in international trade related to the crucial participation of emerging countries inworld markets have been challenging the traditional perception of trade. Instead of only specializing inthe products in which they have a comparative advantage, developing countries consider export diversificationas an alternative way to improve economic growth and reduce external adverse shocks. Besides,the global financial crisis in 2008 raised the need for an examination of the relationship between realexchange rate (RER) and trade.In this line, this thesis attempts to investigate the causal link between export diversification andRER in the middle-income countries. Firstly, we find a bidirectional causality between our two variablesof interest. By differentiating the countries’ exports by destination, the same bidirectional link isrecorded in the case of South-North trade, while a unidirectional causality running from RER to exportdiversification is recorded in the South-South trade.Secondly, we compare this relationship between two groups of countries, Asia versus Latin America,and the effect of the two financial crises (in 1997 and 2008) on this link. We show that, regardlessof the financial crises, the bidirectional causality exists for the Latin American countries and the conventionallink from RER to export diversification for Asian countries. However, when accounted forfinancial crises, the bidirectional causality is found in both subgroups.Thirdly, we address the question of the effect of export diversification on price elasticity of importsin two models of integration in the Pacific-Rim, that is: the traditional model (the US) and a new modelof integration (China). We find consistent negative price elasticity of imports for China and a positive onein the case of the US. When their trading partners are successful in diversifying their export destinations,import price elasticity of either China or the US becomes very low. This result challenges our awarenessof the Marshall-Lerner condition.Fourthly, to investigate how a country could diversify her exports, we look at real exchange rateshocks as a factor that may promote firm productivity. Using the difference-in-differences methodologyon firm-level data for Vietnamese manufacturing, we find a positive effect of a persistent real appreciationin the Vietnamese dong on firm productivity. We note that research and development (R&D) could explainthe mechanism by which real appreciation improves firm productivity
21
Anne, Clément. "Beyond the resource curse : Macroeconomic strategies in resource dependent economies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD024.
Abstract:
En réponse à la littérature dense concernant les impacts directs et indirects des ressources naturelles sur le développement, cette thèse cherche à analyser les économies dépendantes en ressources naturelles au-delà de la malédiction des ressources naturelles, et analyse 3 problématiques macroéconomiques importantes auxquelles ces pays font face. A l'inverse de la tendance à se focaliser uniquement sur un échantillon de pays selon les ressources produites ou le niveau de développement, cette thèse ne discrimine pas selon ces facteurs afin d'inclure les pays partageant leur exposition à la volatilité des prix des matières premières comme menace importante, tout en analysant les pays ayant eu des fortunes diverses dans la gestion des richesses issues des ressources naturelles.Tout d'abord, elle fournit une analyse empirique des déterminants de la procyclicité de la politique budgétaire qui est une tendance des autorités budgétaires à fournir des réponses budgétaires dans la même direction que le cycle économique, soit restrictive en période de diminution de la croissance économique, et expansionniste en période de croissance soutenue. Basée sur 81 pays pour la période 1992-2012, l'étude évalue un large ensemble de déterminants potentiels et trouve une importance des facteurs de politique économique pour expliquer la limitation de la procyclicité budgétaire dans la partie croissante du cycle économique. Elle appuie également l'idée que les Fonds Souverains sont plus efficaces que les règles budgétaires pour limiter la procyclicité budgétaire, en particulier à travers la limitation de la hausse des dépenses dans les bonnes périodes économiques. Le chapitre suivant fournit une étude empirique sur la relation entre les prix des matières premières et la diversification des exportations, une problématique particulièrement importante afin d'évaluer si les pays dépendants en ressources naturelles ont utilisé les hausses de prix comme opportunité pour diversifier leur économie au-delà du secteur des ressources naturelles. A l'aide d'un panel de 78 pays pour la période 1970-2012, il en ressort une relation empirique positive entre les variations des prix des ressources naturelles et la concentration des exportations, en particulier à travers la concentration de l'ensemble des biens exportés auparavant (marge intensive) durant les périodes de hausse des prix des matières premières. Il met également en évidence une plus forte concentration des exportations à la suite de la hausse du prix des ressources naturelles dans les années 2000 que lors de l'épisode des années 1970, ce qui a pu compliquer la reprise économique dans ces pays depuis le retour des prix des matières premières à un niveau bas.Finalement, cette thèse inclut une analyse critique du concept de Fonds Souverains qui a été une recommandation en vogue pour les pays afin de gérer l'argent issue de leurs ressources naturelles. Après avoir fourni un résumé critique de ce que la notion recouvre, ce dernier chapitre fournit un cadre pour comprendre ces fonds dans un continuum de fonds publiques. Cela permet de déterminer des recommandations quant aux problématiques macroéconomiques pour lesquels ces fonds peuvent être utiles dans le contexte des pays dépendants en ressources naturelles, ainsi que les facteurs qui peuvent diminuer la pertinence ou l'efficacité de tels fonds. Cette thèse met en lumière la pertinence d'étudier les problématiques importantes auxquelles font faces les pays dépendants en ressources au lieu de rester dans le cadre du long débat de la malédiction des ressources naturelles, et incite à de futurs travaux visant à aider les décideurs politiques de ces pays pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies macroéconomiques adaptées à leurs économiesAs a response to the intensive literature regarding the direct or indirect impacts of natural resources on economic development, this thesis intends to analyze resource dependent economies beyond the scope of the resource curse and provide analyses on 3 key macroeconomic challenges faced by those countries. Unlike the trend to focus only on a set of countries depending on their resources produced or their level of economic development, this thesis does not discriminate according to these factors to include countries sharing their exposure to international commodity price volatility as a major threat, while analyzing countries which may have had various successes in their management of resource wealth.First, it empirically analyzes the determinants of fiscal procyclicality which is the tendency of fiscal authorities to give fiscal policy responses in the same direction as the economic cycle, restrictive in case of a decrease of economic growth and expansionary in the periods of sustained economic growth. Based on a sample of 81 countries over 1992-2012, this study assesses a variety of potential candidates and find an importance of political-economy determinants in limiting fiscal procyclicality especially in the higher part of the business cycle. It also provides some support to the idea that Sovereign Wealth Funds are more effective than Fiscal Rules to limit fiscal procyclicality especially through a limitation of expenditure growth in good economic periods.The next chapter provides an empirical study to the relationship between commodity prices and export diversification, a challenge especially important to assess whether resource dependent economies used commodity price booms as opportunities to diversify their economy away from the resource sector. Based on a panel of 78 countries over 1970-2012 it finds a strong empirical support to the impact of commodity price booms on export concentration especially through a concentration of the mix of already exported products (intensive margin) during periods of commodity price booms and an increase of export diversification during periods of commodity price busts. It also highlights the higher concentration of exports during the 2000s commodity price boom than following the 1970s boom, which may have complicated the recovery of those countries since the reversal of commodity prices to a low level.Finally, it provides a critical analysis to the concept of Sovereign Wealth Funds which has been a trendy recommendation for countries to manage their resource wealth. After providing a critical review to what this notion may cover, it provides a framework to understand funds labeled as Sovereign Wealth Funds in a continuum of public funds. This enables to give some recommendations regarding the macroeconomic challenges those funds may help managing in the context of resource dependent economies as well as the factors which could limit a fund's relevance or effectiveness.This thesis highlights the relevance of studying key challenges faced by resource dependent countries instead of focusing to the long-lasting debate of the resource curse and calls for future works to help policymakers in those countries to implement sound macroeconomic strategies for their economies
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Gabbani, Zenab Saad. "Trade and diversification : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21433.
Abstract:
This study sets out to investigate the causal relationship between concentration and exports in the Saudi economy, to explain the pattern of diversification over time in relation to planning periods, to examine the effectiveness of the diversification policy in achieving growth, and to consider the implications of the GCC groupings on the diversification argument. In the course of this investigation, the theoretical foundations of trade policy and economic integration are discussed and the economic features of Saudi Arabia and the GCC countries. The Saudi Government has sought to diversify the economy, and these efforts have been reinforced by greater regional integration with the GCC member countries. Yet, attempts at diversification do not appear to have produced substantial effects on the pattern of production and trade. The study employed the Gini-Hirschman coefficient to measure concentration and has related values of these coefficients to measures of fluctuations in total earnings. In addition, the study applied a proportionate contribution statistics model, which is based on the Markowitz-type model, to investigate more directly the extent to which instability in total export earnings of Saudi Arabia is related to concentration. For this purpose, the work focused on Saudi GDP, exports and markets for a period of 26 years from 1970 to 1994. The general conclusion of this study was that there is ample theoretical and practical justification for diversification policies in terms of commodity and geographic markets. When the concentration and instability measures were applied to the Saudi economy, the following were indicated: (a) while the thrust of policy is based on a widening of the composition of export products and market zones to achieve a fall in export instability, it is found instead that the level of instability has been falling in the more recent part when Gini-Hirschman coefficients indicated increasing levels of commodity concentration and decreasing levels of geographic concentration; (b) according to the results from the proportionate contribution statistic, Saudi oil exports and traditional markets contributed disproportionately to total earning instability; and, (c) the GCC market is more stable than other markets, although there are several impediments that delayed the establishment of customs union among member countries.
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Vale, Eleydiane Maria Gomes. "Essays in international and interstate economy." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13694.
Abstract:
nÃo hÃTeorias em Economia Internacional sÃo desenvolvidas e testadas empiricamente, esta tese pretende contribuir com algumas delas. Inicialmente, dever-se-à abordar a chamada teoria de Cones de DiversificaÃÃo. Para tanto, o primeiro capÃtulo propÃe-se a separar em dois cones os estados do Brasil que apresentam semelhanÃas nas dotaÃÃes de fatores. Isto serà realizado atravÃs de um modelo economÃtrico SUR para dezoito indÃstrias de transformaÃÃo e duas amostras anuais, em 1997 e 2007. DiferenÃas salariais entre os cones tambÃm serÃo medidas com a mesma metodologia. A teoria de cones de diversificaÃÃo à revalidada uma vez que existe diferenciaÃÃo horizontal entre os produtos. O segundo capÃtulo elabora um modelo economÃtrico que delineia os efeitos da abertura comercial sobre os salÃrios dos trabalhadores pouco e altamente qualificados. Utilizou-se o arcabouÃo teÃrico da equaÃÃo minceriana para incorporar caracterÃsticas dos trabalhadores. Este trabalho objetiva analisar se, dada maior abertura comercial, bem como outros fatores relevantes, tais quais; experiÃncia, anos de estudo, intensidade tecnolÃgica do setor ao qual se emprega e quantidade de horas trabalhadas, houve aumento da renda do trabalhador industrial dos estados do Nordeste do Brasil para os anos da amostra. Adicionalmente, uma dummy à inserida no modelo com o objetivo de diferenciar os trabalhadores empregados nos setores de alta e baixa tecnologia. Encontram-se evidÃncias de que volume de exportaÃÃes, horas de trabalho, anos de estudo e experiÃncia impactaram positivamente no retorno do trabalhador. Maior abertura comercial apresenta grande influÃncia positiva sobre os salÃrios dos trabalhadores das indÃstrias analisadas. O Ãltimo capÃtulo apresenta um modelo gravitacional que serà aplicado a fim de estudar os determinantes do fluxo comercial entre o Estado do Cearà e os demais estados brasileiros. Este capÃtulo dirigiu sua atenÃÃo aos fatores que influenciam o fluxo de comÃrcio do Estado do Cearà para os demais estados do Brasil. Entre estes fatores, apontou-se inicialmente o espaÃo que separa os centros produtivos como um fator que atua influenciando negativamente o comÃrcio. Ainda, analisou-se o impacto das variÃveis Produto Interno Bruto e tamanho populacional, encontra-se que ambas exercem impacto positivo para o fluxo comercial.
Theories in International Trade are developed and empirically tested. This thesis aims to contribute with some of them. Initially, it will address the so-called Theory of Diversification Cones. Thus, the first chapter proposes to separate Brazilian states into two cones which have similarities in factor endowments. This will be accomplished through an SUR econometric model with eighteen manufacturing industries and two annual samples, in 1997 and 2007. Wage differences between the cones will also be measured with the same methodology. The Theory of Diversifiation Cones is renewed since there is horizontal differentiation between products. The second chapter develops an econometric model that outlines the effects of trade liberalization on wages of low and high-skilled workers. We used the theoretical framework of the Mincerian equation to incorporate characteristics of workers. This study aims to examine whether, given greater trade openness as well as other relevant factors, such that; experience, years of education, technological intensity of the sector to which it is used and the amount of hours worked, an increase in income of the industrial worker in the states of Northeast Brazil for the years of the sample. In addition, a dummy is inserted into the model with the aim to differentiate the workers employed in low and high-tech industries. There are evidences that export volume, hours, years of study and experience have a positive impact on the worker's return. Greater trade openness has a large positive influence on the wages of workers in industries analyzed. The final chapter presents a gravity model which will be applied for the purpose of studying the determinants of trade flows between the State of Cearà and other Brazilian states. This chapter turned its attention to the factors that influence the trade flow in the State of Cearà in other states of Brazil. Among these factors, the separation between the production centers was initially pointed as a factor that acts negatively influencing trade. The impact of the variables GDP and population size was also analyzed, and it was expected that both of them exert positive impact on trade flows.
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Dias, Maria João Saraiva. "Diversificação das exportações : o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10475.
Abstract:
Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisO objectivo deste trabalho é analisar como têm evoluído as exportações portuguesas de bens ao longo das últimas duas décadas, caracterizar as empresas que exportam e perceber se estas têm ou não seguido uma estratégia de diversificação (quer geográfica quer de produto), para aumentar as suas vendas ao exterior. A metodologia escolhida foi o estudo de caso e as análises efectuadas tiveram por base os dados estatísticos do comércio internacional português, entre 1988 e 2009, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Verificou-se que, apesar do crescimento observado nas exportações ao longo do período em estudo, este não se deve a uma estratégia de diversificação, uma vez que as empresas portuguesas têm tendência a exportar cada vez mais para um único mercado e um número reduzido de produtos. Estes resultados poderão ajudar a perceber a realidade do comércio externo português e levar a questionar se este é o melhor caminho a seguir, tendo em conta a importância que as exportações têm no actual contexto económico.
The aim of this study is to analyze how portuguese exports of goods have evolved over the past two decades, characterize the companies that export and understand whether or not they have followed a diversification strategy (both geographic and product diversification), to increase their sales abroad. The methodology chosen was the case study and the analysis made were based on statistical data from the portuguese international trade between 1988 and 2009, provided by Instituto Nacional de Estatística. It was found that, despite the growth observed in the exports over the studied period, this is not due to a diversification strategy, since portuguese companies tend to export increasingly to only one market and only a few products. These results may help to understand the reality of portuguese external trade and lead to question whether this is the best way forward, taking into account the importance of exports in the current economic context.
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Vogler, Éric. "Experts, novices et apprentissage d'une nouvelle expertise : analyse du développement de nouvelles compétences en services professionnels par une méthode expérimentale." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33029.
Abstract:
L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser les conséquences de la mutation d'experts dans une activité nouvelle mais connexe à leur expertise initiale. Une diversification implique un changement de l'environnement des individus : confronté à une activité nouvelle, l'expert va mobiliser des connaissances acquises dans un autre contexte, parfois peu pertinentes. Dans le cas d'activités non reliées, la nouveauté est telle qu'il n'y a pas d'ambigui͏̈té. Dans le cas d'activités reliées, le lien peut être une opportunité d'application partielle des compétences passées et faciliter la transition mais aussi donner l'illusion de familiarité et conduire à une application biaisée des schémas passés maintenant inadaptés à la nouvelle situation. L'intérêt de ce travail réside dans l'observation des effets de l'ambigui͏̈té crée par la diversification dans l'évolution de l'expertise des individus. L'observation de la société Ernst & Young en France permet de comparer deux situations de départ différentes : l'audit, éloigné de la nouvelle activité de diversification "Entrepreneurs", activité de conseil et d'expertise-comptable aux PME ; l'expertise comptable ou "Conseil PME", proche de la nouvelle activité de diversification "Entrepreneurs". Nous concevons alors six hypothèses baties autour de trois dimensions: l'éloignement plus ou moins grand des domaines d'expertise des individus par rapport au nouveau domaine (audit et Conseil PME par rapport à Entrepreneurs), le degré d'expertise des individus dans leur domaine d'origine (expert ou novice), la mesure de la performance de ces individus dans la résolution de problèmes nouveaux pour eux (lors de leur passage dans la nouvelle activité, puis un an après). Les résultats montrent qu'il y a bien rigidité cognitive des experts dans leur domaine d'expertise et dans un contexte nouveau. Elle facilite la transition des experts mutés dans la nouvelle activité de diversification quand cette dernière est proche de l'activité d'origine des experts mais elle la complique quand l'activité de diversification est éloignée de l'expertise d'origine en créant une illusion de familiarité qui fait appliquer des schémas auparavant pertinents mais maintenant inadapté au nouveau cadre.
26
Stiegler, Annika [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Henkel, Isabell M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Welpe, and Nicola [Akademischer Betreuer] Breugst. "User-Manufacturer Integration – How User-Innovator Firms Exploit Their Innovativeness by Vertical Diversification / Annika Stiegler (geb. Bock). Gutachter: Isabell M. Welpe ; Nicola Breugst. Betreuer: Joachim Henkel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029818835/34.
27
Nguyen, Kimthoa Thi. "How resource rich countries attract foreign direct investments: a study of Western Asian countries and strategies of industrialization and diversification." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15058.
Abstract:
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Fuel is a self-depleting resource and long term dependency on this commodity alone will not suffice. An export trade oriented approach can lead to faster industrialization while diversification leads to economic sustainable growth. This research seeks to understand how countries compete for foreign direct investments, and how certain activities have the most impact in the competitive global marketplace. Research suggests that when companies decide to invest abroad, they seek only to find countries that facilitate their strategic objectives. The results conclude with appropriate levels of government accountability, credibility and visibility with the private sector, foreign direct investment is attracted by policy advocacy and policy reform. By reviewing countries such as United Arab Emirates in direct comparison to Western Asian countries, including Kuwait and Iraq with high levels of fuel exports, along with Qatar with optimistic marketplace indicators and plentitude of skills and capabilities – research seems to suggest that despite high capabilities and attractive GDP, promotional investment activities yield the highest returns using policy advocacy and reform.
28
Wen, Sun-Po, and 溫舜博. "A study on Chile’s export market diversification strategy." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87932191184685572219.
Abstract:
碩士淡江大學
美洲研究所碩士班
102
Chile is one of the most liberal and open economy in the world, actively pursuing export-oriented policies, in recent decades, in expanding and diversifying its production and export markets. The main purpose of this study is to explore Chile’s export diversification strategy from the perspectives of free trade Agreements, global production network, policy network and national branding. The study found out that Chile is increasingly diversifying its export markets which are global rather than regional. Therefore Chile has become a member of the global production network. With implementation and continuous innovations in policy instruments of developing diversified markets such as forming industrial clustering, promotion of national brand and signing FTAs. Chile has built a competitive capability which helped in achieving a healthy industrial development.
29
郭晏伶. "The Determinants of Export Diversification—An Example of Culture Goods Export in U.S.A." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13352098686653228184.
30
Gouvea, Neto Raul de. "Export diversification, external and internal effects the Brazilian case /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23095885.html.
31
Lourens, Armand. "Determining the export market diversification opportunities for the Western Cape Province of South Africa / Armand Lourens." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16379.
Abstract:
The South African government recognises the need for export growth to contribute towards economic growth and articulates this in different national policy documents. It is evident that the Western Cape Province also recognises the need for export growth, as the province is facing various economic and socio-economic challenges. Therefore, aligning policies to focus on export promotion which supports the labour intensive sectors within the province by uplifting employment and eradicate poverty.
The aim of this study is to determine specifically export market diversification opportunities for the Western Cape Province. The main objective is to determine the Western Cape’s world-wide market diversification opportunities with the highest export potential.
The literature underlines the importance of export growth and the benefits of export diversification. It can also be concluded that countries operating in the extensive margin are more likely to generate high economic growth and development opportunities. By implementing export diversification strategies, higher employment levels and output growth can be achieved on a provincial and national level.
A three-step methodological process to determine the export market diversification opportunities for the Western Cape Province is used. Firstly, the products in which the Western Cape Province has a revealed export specialisation are determined by using the revealed trade advantage (RTA); secondly, the geographical concentration of the Western Cape’s exports of these products is determined by means of the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI); and lastly, the export market opportunities for the Western Cape Province’s export-orientated products that are geographically concentrated are determined by using the decision support model (DSM).
The results of the study identified 188 geographically concentrated export products for the Western Cape and 2 866 realistic product-country level export diversification opportunities. It is recommended that the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Western Cape trade promotion organisation, WESGRO, in collaboration with the relevant export councils and industry associations, use the results of this study to focus their export promotion and diversification strategies on the identified product-country combinations.MCom, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
32
Schrank, Andrew. "Urban bias, hinterland response : social organization and export diversification in the Dominican Republic /." 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
33
André, Nuno Miguel Queimado. "Sector productivity and geographical diversification as export enhancing factors: the case of Portugal." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/52160.
Abstract:
An investigation of the relationship between productivity growth and exporting is vital to understand whether the policies of productivity-enhancing or of export-promotion are more adequate for economic progress. This thesis considers the relationship between exporting and productivity for thirty-two economic activities, in Portugal, from 2005 to 2017. I find that economic activities with high productivity levels are systematically likelier to register higher export levels than less productive ones. This result corroborates the self-selection theory. Furthermore, I test for the effect of geographical diversification on the volume of exports, and the presence of diminishing returns in this association. For both cases I find significant results, suggesting that economic activities enlisting more export destinations tend to possess higher export volumes, but also that after a certain threshold the negative effects of geographical diversification offset the associated positive benefits.
34
Schrank, Andrew M. "From sugar plantations to export processing economic diversification in the Dominican Republic, 1965-1990 /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41512785.html.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-86).
35
Gnepa, Tahi Jacques. "The impact of diversification on export earnings stability the case of Ivory Coast, 1960-84 /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21744711.html.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-172).
36
Losilla, Solano Luis Vinicio. "Internationalization and diversification strategies of companies from emerging economies: the case of fresh fruit export companies from Chile." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E51F-A.
37
Cipamba, Paul Cipamba WA. "A cointegration analysis of sectoral export performance and economic growth in South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3962.
Abstract:
Magister Commercii - MComThe objective of this study is to investigate the empirical relationship between exports and economic growth in order to ascertain whether the hypothesis of export-led growth is valid in the case of South Africa. This study has not only focused on sectoral exports for the period 1990-2011; but it has also examined total exports for the period extending from 1970 to 2011. Using quarterly data and time series econometric techniques of co-integration and Granger-causality tests over the two set of periods, the key findings of the study are as follows: (i) At the aggregate level (using total exports): the technique of co-integration suggests that total exports and GDP moved together in the long-run, though deviations from the steady state might happen in the short-run. Furthermore, Granger causality tests inferred from the Vector Error Correction model reveal that the direction of causality between export and GDP growth is bidirectional. (ii) At the sectoral level (using the main component of exports): export-growth link emerges as a long-run behavioural relationship since a co-integrating relation was found among output and agricultural, manufactured and mining exports. This relationship demonstrates that manufactured exports have the greatest positive impact on output growth. (iii) Sectoral level Granger-causality tests based on ECM reveal the existence of a long run causality running from manufactured exports to GDP; whereas the short-run causality runs from manufactured and mining exports to GDP. However, the Toda-Yamamoto Granger test confirms only short-run causality from manufactured exports to GDP. In both cases, there is evidence of a uni-directional causality from exports to GDP.The above results show that the hypothesis of export-led growth is valid for South Africa. This implies that exports, particularly manufactured and mining exports play a key role in driving economic growth. Hence, the key policy implication of these results is that, measures which aim at stimulating production for exports and shifting the content of exports will meaningfully contribute to the improvement of GDP growth and employment prospects in South Africa.
38
Lopes, Luiz Paulo Costa. "O desenvolvimento do Brasil baseado em recursos naturais : efeitos dinâmicos do aumento dos preços mundiais de Commodities na especialização e equilíbrio externo do Brasil." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30532.
Abstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Negócios InternacionaisO efeito da descoberta de novos recursos naturais ou de uma súbita valorização dos mesmos na especialização e concentração das exportações de um país, e os efeitos adversos na competitividade que gera são um tema há muito discutido pela teoria e trabalhos empíricos. Neste estudo, pretendemos avaliar o modelo de desenvolvimento e de afirmação internacional da economia brasileira, baseado na expansão das exportações de recursos naturais. Pretendemos estudar qual o contributo do recente ciclo de aumento do preço Commodities no Brasil para o aumento das exportações, e em que medida este foi acompanhado pela valorização da moeda e pela perda de competitividade e capacidade exportadora noutros sectores em que o Brasil se vinha a afirmar. É feita uma análise Shift-Share sobre as exportações brasileiras no período 2000-2012, com o objectivo de identificar quais as variáveis que contribuíram para os ganhos de Comércio Internacional do país, e quais as suas implicações para o futuro. Dividindo o período em dois, 2000-2006 e 2006-2012, são verificadas duas realidades bem diferentes na estrutura das exportações Brasileiras. Apesar de no primeiro período, o Brasil ter uma estrutura de exportações relativamente diversificada, onde a indústria tinha de facto alguma influência na variação positiva no aumento das exportações, no segundo período observamos que o aumento das exportações é influenciado principalmente pelas Commodities, representando estas quase 90% do aumento das exportações totais brasileiras. Neste segundo período, só a variação positiva do preço médio das Commodities, representa 65,89% do total da variação das exportações brasileiras. Neste sentido podemos dizer que, aliado a uma perda significativa de importância dos Produtos Manufacturados (de Baixa e Alta Tecnologia), esta clara concentração das exportações em Recursos Naturais sugere a existência de um fenómeno de Dutch Disease no Brasil, no período 2006-2012. A concentração das exportações e a sua variação ter sido centrada em aumentos de preço e não de quantidade sugere riscos de volatilidade, e alguma vulnerabilidade do Brasil face a potenciais variações de preços internacionais das Commodities. Para avaliar a magnitude destes riscos são elaboradas diversas hipóteses com diferentes preços médios para as quantidades exportadas em 2012 de oito grupos de Commodities que ao verem o seu preço a variar negativamente, podem influenciar de uma maneira severa os ganhos provenientes das Exportações Brasileiras. Deste estudo concluímos que o aumento de preço das Commodities tendo sido a principal causa de crescimento das exportações brasileiras levou a uma concentração das exportações que coloca riscos e pode ter sido o factor que conduziu à valorização da moeda e a perda de competitividade dos sectores industriais, em particular de maior exigência tecnológica. A existência de uma estrutura de Exportações Brasileiras mais diversificada, com uma Indústria mais competitiva, contribui para a redução dos riscos provenientes de choques internacionais e da volatilidade de preços internacionais das Commodities.
The effect of the discovery of new natural resources or a sudden appreciation of them in the specialization and concentration of a country exports and the created adverse effects on competition is an issue that has been discussed for a long time in theory and empirical work. In this study, we intend to evaluate the model of development and international affirmation of the Brazilian economy, based on the expansion of natural resources exports. We intend to study the contribution of the recent cycle of price increase of Commodities in Brazil to the increase of exports and to what extent that was followed by currency appreciation and loss of competitiveness and export capacity in other sectors where Brazil was asserting itself. A Shift -share analysis on Brazilian exports is made in the period between 2000-2012 with the aim of identifying which variables contributed to the gains of the international trade of the country and what their implications are for the future. Dividing the period into two, 2000-2006 and 2006- 2012, we come across to two very different realities in the structure of Brazilian exports. Although in the first period, Brazil has a relatively diversified export structure, where the industry had indeed some positive influence in the change in the increase in exports, in the second period, we realized that the increase of the exports is mainly influenced by Commodities. These represent almost 90 % of the increase of total Brazilian exports. In the second period, the positive change in the average price of Commodities alone, represents 65,89% of the total variation of Brazilian exports . This way, we can say that, together with a significant loss of importance of the manufactured products ( Low and High Technology ), this clear concentration of exports in Natural Resources suggests the existence of a phenomenon of Dutch Disease in Brazil , in the period 2006-2012. The fact that the concentration of exports and its variation have been focused on price increases and not quantity suggests volatility risks and some vulnerability of Brazil to potential changes in international prices of Commodities. To assess the magnitude of these risks, different hypotheses are prepared with different average prices for the exported quantities in 2012 from eight groups of Commodities. These groups of Commodities, which represent more than 50 % of Brazilian exports, after seeing the price changing negatively, can influence, in a severe way, the gains from Brazilian Exports. From this study we conclude that the increase in the price of commodities, being the main cause of the growth of Brazilian exports, has also led to a concentration of exports that brings risks and may have been the factor that led to currency appreciation and loss of competitiveness of the industrial sectors, particularly those with higher technological requirement. The existence of a more diversified structure of Brazilian exports with a more competitive industry, contributes to the reduction of risks coming from the international shocks and the volatility of the international prices of commodities.
39
Paulo, Francisco Miguel. "Diversification of the Angolan exports : challenges and benefits." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/13806.
Abstract:
In recent years several researchers have published papers on exports concentration
(diversification) urging policymakers in the undeveloped world to endeavour to
diversify their exports since this can contribute to boost the growth of per capita GDP.
Researchers such as Imbs and Wacziarg (2003) and Hesse (2008) found a non-linear U
shaped curve relationship between export concentration and GDP per capita growth in
several non-oil producing countries around the world.
In order to investigate this relationship, for the case of Angola, a growth regression
model was applied using OLS estimator with time series data from 1995 to 2011. This
master dissertation investigates the case of Angola, an oil-producing country with one
of highest export concentrations in the world, and found that the higher export
concentration has been detrimental to the growth of GDP per capita taking into
account that this growth would have been higher if the export concentration was
lower ( higher diversification).
Therefore, this master dissertation found a non-linear concave relationship between
export concentration and GDP per capita growth in the case of oil-exporting countries1
and not a U shaped curve as other researches had found earlier (Imbs and Wackiazrg
(2003) and Hesse (2008)). However running regression for some no-oil exporting
countries2 we found in the U shaped curve, a case to say that the pattern followed by
oil-exporting countries is different from the non-oil producing countries, perhaps due
to the fact that oil-exporting countries have on average higher export concentration
levels than the non-oil exporting countries.Nos últimos anos, vários investigadores têm publicado artigos sobre a concentração (diversificação) de exportações, exortando os políticos nos paises em vias de desenvolvimento a esforçarem-se para diversificar suas exportações, pois isso pode impulsionar o crescimento do PIB per capita. Pesquisadores como Imbs e Wacziarg (2003) e Hesse (2008) encontraram uma relação empirica não-linear, em forma de U, entre o nível de concentração das exportações e crescimento do PIB per capita em diversos países em todo o mundo. A fim de investigar essa relação, um modelo de regressão de crescimento foi aplicado com estimador OLS com dados em séries temporais desde 1995 a 2011. Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga o caso de Angola, um país produtor de petróleo, com um dos maiores níveis de concentrações de exportações no mundo; os resultados encontrados são que a concentração das exportações tem sido prejudicial para o crescimento do PIB per capita, tendo em conta que este crescimento teria sido maior se a concentração de exportação fosse menor (ou seja se houvesse maior diversificação). Assim este trabalho encontrou uma relação côncava entre a concentração das exportações e crescimento do PIB per capita no caso dos países exportadores de petróleo3, e não uma curva em forma de U, como outras pesquisas tinham encontrado anteriormente (Imbs e Wackiazrg (2003) e Hesse (2008)) no caso de países não produtores de petróleo. No entanto extendendo o estudo para países não produtores de petróleo4 re-encontramos a curva em forma de U, um caso para dizer que o padrão seguido por países exportadores de petróleo é diferente dos países não produtores de petróleo. Essa diferença pode dever-se ao maior nível de concentrações de exportações dos países produtores de petróleo em comparação com a maioria dos não produtores.
40
Welsink, Emma. "Geopolitická rivalita ve Střední Asii a moc Turkmenistánu jako slabého státu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396636.
Abstract:
Thesis abstract: Geopolitical Rivalry in Central Asia and Turkmenistan's power as a weak state Charles University, Institute of International Studies, MAS programme 2019 Emma Welsink English Abstract Research on weak states and their position in the international system has been a widely discussed topic for decades, especially in relation to the Cold War bipolar system that revolved around Russia and the United States as great powers. Yet what is lacking is a contemporary analysis that concentrates on the current multipolar system in which the importance of economic alliances and power surpass military power, and how this affects weak states' foreign policy behavior and trade opportunities. This research therefore offers an empirical analysis on great power geopolitical competition between Russia and China over Turkmenistan's economic allegiance, specifically regarding its natural gas export, and seeks to explain how this geopolitical competition has affected Turkmenistan's foreign energy policy behavior as a weak state vis-á-vis these great powers. Additionally, this research seeks to examine how Turkmenistan has even instrumentalized this competition to further its national interest of energy export diversification. More specifically, this research shows that great power competition has played a...
41
Huang, Tzu-Chi, and 黃姿綺. "The Association between Diversification and Earnings Management in Affiliated Business Group: The Impact of Auditor Industry Expert." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6ze8hf.
Abstract:
碩士淡江大學
會計學系碩士班
106
After the adoption of IFRS in Taiwan, companies used consolidated statements to replace individual statements as the main financial statement. This study explores whether the industrial diversity of group affiliated companies affect the earnings management decisions when consolidated statements are prepared. The empirical results show that group companies with industrial diversity have greater earnings flexibility, whether it is accrual-based earnings management or real earnings management. In addition, if industrial diversity is divided into relevant and non-relevant diversity, the relevant diversity enables the group companies to adjust its earnings upwards through accrual-based earnings management. Non-relevant diversity allows the group to adjust its earnings through real earnings management. This study also found that if the group companies current year’s financial statements are checked by an expert auditor, the industry expert constrains the use of accrual-based earnings management which cause companies to switch to real earnings management.
42
HO, KUEI-SHUANG, and 侯貴霜. "Explore Diversification Strategy - Research on the Influence of Beauty SPA Industry and Consumers' Purchase Behavior." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/386z3c.
Abstract:
碩士康寧大學
休閒管理研究所
106
In the competitive beauty spa industry, consumers' demands for multiple services are gradually increasing. The industry continues to improve professionalism and hardware and software in all aspects to understand the needs and feelings of customers in order to consolidate and develop customers. This study took the beauty spa industry consumers in the south central region of Taiwan as the research object. Through online and written questionnaire surveys, a total of 101 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed bySPSS. We hope to understand the customer's consumption patterns and diversification of the industry professionals. Views on competence, market positioning and the spread of social media word-of-mouth. The results of this study show that the most significant differences in the efficacy factors and diversification and professionalism of professional facial services in the cosmetic spa industry for consumers with an educational level of more than or equal to the master degree (Bao). Consumers under the age of 25 and 26-35 years of age have the greatest influence on the Internet search, online positive word-of-mouth and sharing habits. This shows that this study has great reference value in the future. The Internet sharing habits are home management, service industry, and freelance industry; the habit of collecting information on the Internet (T = 2.023, P = 0.015*) indicates that men and women have collected funds for the Internet, showing that male customers are obviously rational Consumer groups, who are willing to use Internet search are indeed more frequent than girls. The impact of Internet community operations - the monthly income of 25,000 or less is the most significant.
43
Wu, Ming-Hsuan, and 吳明軒. "A dynamic strategic fit view to explore the multinational diversification strategy of Taiwan’s commercial banks." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30105337135936074009.
Abstract:
碩士國立中興大學
企業管理學系所
102
When we talk about strategic management, the researchers are interesting about which factor may influence the implementation of strategy and how to implement the strategy. Financial deregulation have been an inevitable trend since Taiwan accessed to the WTO. Recently, Government of Taiwan signed the official agreement with China (i.e. ECFA、MOU), so it is viewed as the most freedom time in bank industry in next decade. This study tries to solve the question what researchers are interesting by modeling the dynamics of strategic fit. The empirical data came from Taiwan Economic Journal(TEJ), which included 33 Taiwan’s commercial bank during the period 2005~2012. The Results shows that Interest Rate Spread、Liquidity and imitative behavior are the factors which significantly accelerate strategic change of globalization, and the dynamic fit model indeed exists in Taiwan bank industry. Last but not least, a bank wants to get better performance with the strategy of globalization. It should follow the model to model the dynamics of strategic fit. The performance becomes worse with insufficient strategic change or excessive change. This study also helps the decision maker understand which factor he might think about and how to implement the strategy.
44
Chung, Ya-Wen, and 鍾雅雯. "Explore the Degree of Internationalization and Diversification Strategy on the Operational Performance of Domestic Commercial Banks." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qsh89s.
Abstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
經營管理研究所
98
Unlike today, Taiwan’s financial sector used to be closed and laden with restrictions. Therefore, in order to expand, it is essential for Taiwanese banks to go global. Faced with fierce competition, banks are beginning to adopt diversification strategies in an effort to boost their competitiveness. This study analyzes relevant literature, including panel data of Taiwanese commercial banks during the period between 2003 and 2008, by means of 2SLS to explore the impact that internationalization and diversification has on banks’ performance. The findings reveal that internationalization does not have a significant impact on banks’ performance; indeed, internationalization even has a negative impact on the ratio of overseas sales to total sales. Diversification also has a negative impact on banks’ performance. The degree of internationalization is noticeably related to BIS on the banks, and the BIS also has significantly positive correlation to the performance, while a bank’s size has a significant impact on its performance. This indicates that size is an important factor in banks’ performance.
45
Yang, Yi-Ning, and 楊怡寧. "A Study on the Relationships Among Leisure Participation, Leisure Satisfaction and Happiness-To Explore the Effects of Leisure Diversification." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86734764561305292733.
Abstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
休閒事業管理研究所
95
Abstract This study discusses the effects of leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and happiness from leisure diversification . Six major purposes are specified: (1) Build the leisure diversification indicator; (2) Examine the relationship between leisure diversification and leisure satisfaction; (3) Examine the relation between leisure diversification and happiness; (4) Examine the relation between leisure satisfaction and happiness; (5) Compare the differences among leisure type, leisure frequency, leisure participation, leisure diversification and leisure satisfaction; (6) Compare the differences among leisure type, leisure frequency, leisure participation, leisure diversification and happiness. This study chose college teachers as samples and adopt Web questionnaire to collect data. There are 289 valid questionnaires were obtained and used for analysis. Results of this study shows in the followings: First, leisure diversification indicator can really reflect the teacher and participate in the various phenomenon; Second, leisure diversification and significantly related to leisure satisfaction (r =0.498; p< .001); Third, leisure diversification and significantly related to happiness (r =0.319; p< .001); Fourth, leisure satisfaction significantly related to happiness (r =0.517, p < .001); Fifth, leisure diversification is the best predictor to predict leisure satisfaction, the explaination of variance is amount to 24.60% ; Sixth, leisure diversification is the best predictor to predict happiness, the explaination of variance is amount to 9.90%. We have been unable to find rational answer and explanation of the phenomenon of people participate in diversified leisure activities form existed leisure participation indicator for a long time. This study built the Leisure Participation Indicator that improved the situation. The H’ values can directly response leisure type and leisure frequency. If H’ value is higher, it represents that the dimension of participation is wide and the distribution of frequency is equal. On the contrary, if H’ value is lower, it represents that the dimension of participation is narrow and the distribution of frequency focus on some activities . Therefore, we can calculate the combined effect of leisure style and leisure frequency by H’ value of leisure diversification indicator.
46
Muechi, Angular Manuel Mumba. "Infraestruturas e desenvolvimento económico: O caso do Porto do Lobito." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1692.
Abstract:
Este trabalho tem como essência compreender a importância das infra-estruturas no
desenvolvimento económico de Angola, o atual momento das importações e exportação
ao nível do Porto do Lobito e o seu corredor ferroviário como também a situação
económica do país em geral. Desta feita, recolhemos entrevistas, dados estatísticos,
arquivos e documentos atuais sobre a evolução económica do país e da cidade do
Lobito. Assim sendo, caracterizamos o atual momento das infra-estruturas em África,
com ênfase na importância das mesmas para a Angola e o passado histórico que o Porto
do Lobito teve, isto é, na era colonial no que tange ao impacto económico relativamente
às importações e exportações registadas naquela altura. Por sua vez, destacamos a
dependência das exportações do Petróleo da nação angolana, que consequentemente
afeta o atual momento, fruto da baixa do preço do barril do crude que está a criar um
grande desequilíbrio na economia. Nesse âmbito, o Porto do Lobito ressente-se com a
baixa das importações e exportações em toneladas de cargas, estas últimas diminutas
por falta da diversificação da economia. Também referimos as condições infra
estruturais do Porto do Lobito e sugerimos para o melhor funcionamento deste maior
Porto de Angola, que é essencialmente importante na África Austral como também na
diversificação da economia angolana para o bem-estar do seu povo.This work is essentially understand the importance of infrastructure in economic development of Angola, the current situation of imports and exports at the level of the Port of Lobito and its rail corridor as well as the economic situation of the country in general. With that objetive, we resort to interviews, statistical data collections, archives and current documents on economic developments in the country and the city of Lobito. Thus we characterize the current situation of infrastructure in Africa as well as its importance for Angola and the history that the Port of Lobito had in his past, that is, in the colonial era in terms of the economic impact in respect of import and export consisting at that time. In turn, we highlight the dependence on exports of oil of the Angolan nation, which consequently affect the current situation of low fruit of crude oil prices that is creating an imbalance in the economy, in which the Port of Lobito resents low imports and exports in tons of cargo that is almost non-existent for lack of diversification of the economy. We also refer the infra structural conditions of the Port of Lobito and make some suggestions to the better functioning of the largest port in Angola, which is especially important in Southern Africa as well as for the diversification of the Angolan economy and to the wellbeing of its people .
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Ferrara, Torres Geovanna. "Obchodní politika Mexika za administrativy prezidenta Pena Niety." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398835.
Abstract:
Mexico's Trade Policy During The Pe Kryštof Kozák, Ph.D. Despite the efforts of trading with other countries, there is still a dominant economic dependence on the United States due to the NAFTA agreement. The master thesis studies Mexico's trade policy and its effects on trade during the Peña Nieto administration with particular attention paid to how the government has tried to diversify trade. A descriptive analysis is used with research in exports, imports and foreign direct investment.