Academic literature on the topic 'Export enterprises'
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Journal articles on the topic "Export enterprises"
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XINMENG, Han. "METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE EXPORT POTENTIAL ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-15.
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Introduction. The lack of a unified methodology of the export potential assessing of agro-industrial enterprises poses some difficulties in the activities of export-oriented economic entities. This situation is conditioned by the subjectivity of the export potential concept, as well as the inability to establish a clear relationship between the enterprise export potential, the market export potential and the market enterprise position. The research purpose is to study the existing methodological approaches to the export potential assessment of agricultural enterprises. Results. The components of the enterprise export potential are determined. The model of export potential determination for the conditions of agrarian production is presented for the future. A set of indicators is described to characterize the export potential. The increase of role of the managing system in the enterprise international competitiveness is substantiated. The essence, purpose and peculiarities of managing the enterprise international competitiveness are outlined. The system structure of enterprise international competitiveness management (monitoring of competitive environment in the international market, assessment of the enterprise competitiveness level and their products, determining the mission of enterprise functioning, the strategy implementation of the international competitiveness management system, evaluation and control of the implementation results of the chosen strategy). The problematic aspects of the agricultural enterprise activity are identified in the process of managing international competitiveness. The measures aimed at improving the management of the international competitiveness of agricultural enterprises are characterized and substantiated. Conclusions. Assessing the export potential of agricultural enterprises is an important issue in the process of improving their export activities. Developing valuation approaches that take into account the specifics of the domestic and world economies will enhance the export potential of agricultural enterprises. This, in turn, will be the basis for developing the country's exports. Keywords: export potential, agrarian potential, economic potential, competitiveness, factors, agroindustrial production, export.
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Hu, Yuanhong, Sheng Sun, and Yixin Dai. "Environmental regulation, green innovation, and international competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in China: From the perspective of heterogeneous regulatory tools." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): e0249169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249169.
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Based on combined data from the China Patent Database, China Industrial Enterprise Database, and China Customs Import and Export Database for the period 2004–2010, this study investigates the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the export technological sophistication of manufacturing enterprises. Given deepening international market segmentation of production and the increasing proportion of intermediate trade, and compared with the traditional method based on exports, the export technological sophistication calculated here, based on value-added, is closer to the true level. Since there has been no in-depth comparative study on the relationship between heterogeneous environmental regulation and export technological sophistication, this study fills the gap. The results show that all three regulation types bear a U-shaped impact on export technological sophistication. Command-control regulation exhibits a restraining effect on mixed trade, eastern, and foreign-funded enterprises. Market-incentive regulation promotes processing and mixed trade enterprises as well as domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. Voluntary-participation regulation promotes all enterprises with different trade patterns and ownership. The mechanism analysis shows that command-control and market-participation environmental regulations affect export technological sophistication through the green invention and green utility innovation channels, while, additionally, market-incentive environmental regulation affects export technological sophistication through the green design innovation channel. Considering the environmental governance issues, the policy implications for enhancing the entire industrial chain and enterprises’ export competitiveness are clear. Due to the unclear functions and powers of competent departments and a rigid threshold, command-control regulation is not conducive to cleaner production technology and the promotion of enterprises’ export competitiveness; it should thus be discouraged. Although both market-incentive and voluntary-participation regulations have promoted cleaner production technology and enterprises’ competitiveness significantly, the environmental tax system requires continuous improvement. The government should continue to raise public involvement in environmental protection to enrich the channels and forms of environmental management.
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Xu, Chang, Jianbing Guo, Baodong Cheng, and Yu Liu. "Exports, Misallocation, and Total Factor Productivity of Furniture Enterprises." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 4892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184892.
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With the increase in labor costs in China and the tremendous changes in the international trade environment, upgrading the total factor productivity of Chinese furniture export enterprises faces a great challenge. Lots of studies have explored the interaction of exports or misallocation on the total factor productivity (TFP) of furniture enterprises, however, there is little knowledge on the impact and interaction of both exports and misallocation on the TFP. Based on panel data of Chinese furniture enterprises, this paper measures the TFP and the distortion of labor and capital resources in Chinese furniture enterprises. A two-way fixed-effects model is used to analyze the impact of exports and misallocation on the TFP of Chinese furniture enterprises. The paper reveals several important findings. First, the TFP of Chinese furniture export enterprises is lower than that of non-export enterprises, this phenomenon is called the “export–productivity paradox”. Chinese furniture export enterprises are processing trade-oriented and labor-intensive enterprises at the low end of the value chain, exports have a negative effect on improving the TFP of furniture enterprises in the short term. Second, the distortion of labor and capital resources in Chinese furniture enterprises promotes improvements to the TFP of furniture enterprises rather than reducing the TFP of furniture enterprises. Last but not the least, we find that misallocation has a positive moderating effect on exports and can weaken the negative impact of exports on TFP by the “forced mechanism”, which is that the higher the distortion of the misallocation, the higher the cost of acquiring capital and labor, and enterprises are forced to enhance their productivity when facing market competition, thus promoting improvements to the TFP of furniture enterprises.
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Mokhethi, Motšelisi C. "The Perceived Export Barriers of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: An Analysis from Lesotho-Based Manufacturing Enterprises." Management and Economics Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.824657.
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Small enterprises represent a large proportion of enterprises in most economies and are a driving force for economic growth. Most small enterprises refrain from exporting due to a number of challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the exporting barriers perceived to constrain exporting from Lesotho-based manufacturing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. Data were collected from 162 Lesotho-based manufacturing enterprises through a self-administered questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed three export barrier groupings, namely international, distribution, and financial constraints. The descriptive statistics showed that Lesotho-based manufacturing MSMEs perceive lack of financial resources for market research, lack of financial resources to finance export sales, and lack of excess capacity for exports, all internal to an enterprise-loading under financial barriers as constraints to exporting. The study added to the literature new classes of export barriers. The findings suggest that the government of Lesotho has to put in place mechanisms that can reduce financial constraints to enable MSMEs to contribute as expected.
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Viviers, Wilma, Jaap Kroon, and Jonathan L. Calof. "Export behaviour of South African enterprises: Stages and attitudes towards export." South African Journal of Business Management 27, no. 1/2 (March 31, 1996): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v27i1/2.806.
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This study aims to broaden existing knowledge with respect to the export behaviour of South African enterprises. After analysing questionnaires received from 163 enterprises, as well as South African export data, it was concluded that South African enterprises exhibited similar export behaviour to that of enterprises in more developed countries. Non-exporters perceived the risks and costs of exporting to be higher than exporters. Exporters perceived the benefits to be greater than did non-exporters. However, the limited scope of South African exports when compared to more developed countries, suggests that South Africa may have some export barriers which are preventing the development of a large cadre of exporters.
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Ivanova, Maryna, Vasyl Shvets, and Olena Varyanichenko. "FORMATION OF STRATEGIC AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES IN ACCORDANCE WITH TENDENCIES IN EXPORT-IMPORT CHANGES." Economic discourse, no. 4 (December 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-4-5.
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Introduction. The top management of enterprises, as a rule, have to solve several strategic issues when concluding a foreign trade contract, among which the choice of strategic direction of activity and the counterparty country is the highest priority. Methods. General and specific methods of system-structural analysis and synthesis were used to formulate the author's definition of "development strategy", to identify the interrelated stages of the development strategy formation; correlation-regression analysis was applied to determine the correlation density between imports and exports for the countries involved in Ukraine’s foreign trade in metallurgical products. Results. The theoretical study of approaches to the formation of a development strategy has allowed formulating the author's definition that the enterprise development strategy is a long-term plan, which contains complex decisions on choosing the direction of enterprise’s development, defining the major goals and models of actions for the formation and effective use of its potential; it also allows the enterprise to create favourable internal and external conditions for successful completion of the main stages of development. It has been found that analysis, monitoring, diagnostics of external and internal environment are a commonly-accepted component of any process of strategy formation. The results of the correlation between import and export as elements of the system have been obtained; it has been proved that a change in import volumes occurs simultaneously with the proportional change in export volumes. Enterprises will be advised to perform foreign economic activities only with counterparties in the countries for which the correlation coefficient between exports and imports is significant. Discussion. The density of export - import links for individual types of metallurgical products is greater than 0.5, indicating a significant correlation between the two considered features. The foreign economic relations between the metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine and various countries of the world are relatively balanced in the field of exports - imports of certain types of metallurgical products. The obtained results should be taken into account in the formation of a strategy for those metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine, which are to perform or expand their foreign economic activity. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account other factors influencing the resultant indicator, i.e. import, and to introduce advanced methods for their detection and research, which, in turn, will reduce the negative impact of the environment. Keywords. Development strategy, import, export, correlation, foreign economic activity, metallurgical enterprises, metallurgical products.
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SAVITSKYI, АNDRII. "EXPORT-ORIENTED STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT MAKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’ PROFITABLE ACTIVITY." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-28.
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The essence of separate elements of export-oriented strategy of development making in management of profitable activity of industrial enterprises has been researched. The main tendencies of foreign economic activity of national enterprises under the conditions of integration processes have been underlined. The role of macroeconomic and regional institutions that deals with foreign trade activity of industrial enterprises has been studied. The main possibilities that are given for national manufactures with integration processes in the sphere of export activity have been formed. Aspects of extensive and intensive growth of industrial enterprises on the basis of strengthening their export orientation have been characterized. The essence of export-oriented strategy of development from the basic scientific views has been researched. The connection between export-oriented strategy of development and profitability has been actualized. The meaning of transformation changes of economy under the influence of integration stages through the activity of industrial enterprises and its export-oriented strategy making have been detailed. The dependence of economic conditions of integration cycles, complexity of levels of export-oriented strategy of development and management of enterprise’s profitable activity has been emphasized. There were proposed macro- and micro-levels of management that are aimed to study demands of external environment and implement its aspects to the operating and manufacturing activity of export-oriented enterprises’ performance. The importance of macro- and micro-levels of management for starting the process of making export-oriented strategy of development in order to increase the enterprise’s profitability has been detailed and presented in structure that provided and intensified by direct and returned feedback.
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Voytyuk, V. A. "Organizational and economic mechanism for the development of export activities of agricultural enterprises." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2020-10-35-39.
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The organizational and economic mechanism for the development of export activities of agricultural enterprises creates objective conditions for increasing the competitiveness and economic stability of this area of agricultural enterprise activities. A conceptual model has been developed for the formation of the structure of the organizational and economic mechanism of the export activity of an agricultural enterprise on a systematic basis. Proposals are made for the model development in cluster-network associations and an increase in its efficiency for agricultural association member enterprises has been substantiated. A multichannel mechanism of state support for the export activities of agricultural enterprises has been proposed based on inter-program subsidies.
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Kuznetsov, S. V., and E. A. Gorin. "Industrial Exports of Saint Petersburg: Condition, Trends, Prospects." Economics and Management 26, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-3-242-254.
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Aim. The presented study aims to examine the state of industrial exports from Saint Petersburg.Tasks. The authors consider export potential, structure, and dynamics of exports and imports of industrial products in Saint Petersburg; examine structural transformations in Saint Petersburg’s economy sectors and the impact of innovation processes on the export potential of changes in the factors that are significant for export activities.Methods. This study uses the official data of statistical agencies and customs authorities and processed results of the monitoring and survey of managers of Saint Petersburg enterprises and organizations.Results. The study assesses the effects of organizational, economic and industrial factors on the export potential of Saint Petersburg’s economic entities, changes in their target markets over the past three years, and results achieved by enterprises and organizations in terms of factors that are significant for export activities.Conclusions. Excessive state regulation and loopholes in the current legislation are significant factors that limit the export potential of Saint Petersburg enterprises and organizations. At the same time, for large industrial enterprises it is crucial to maintain national rules, international agreements and stability of production. While small and medium enterprises should focus on quality and the cost of components.
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Dhliwayo, Shepherd. "Export experience and financial performance of small and medium enterprises." Environmental Economics 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.01.
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The aim of the article is to illustrate that export experience of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has a statistically significant effect on financial performance. This may seem obvious, but similar studies done elsewhere have shown conflicting results. The study’s findings also show conflicting results in the three single-item performance measures used, namely, sales, profits and savings. Data from a sample of 144 exporting SMEs were collected using a structured questionnaire. Export experience is measured by years exporting, and financial performance covers a period of three years. A Chi-square test was used to measure the effect of experience on performance. Results show that export experience had a statistically significant effect on sales and profitability, but not on savings. They also show that performance in sales and profitability increased with export experience. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate interventions to improve exports, should take export experience into account. Keywords: export experience, performance, SMEs, sales, profitability, savings, Southern African Development Community. JEL Classification: L25
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export enterprises"
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Stoian, Maria-Cristina. "Internationalisation and international marketing: export behaviour, international marketing strategy and export performance in spanish small and medium-sized enterprises." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3979.
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La presente investigación tiene por objetivo hacer una aportación a la literatura en los campos de negocios y marketing internacionales con el fin de arrojar luz sobre el comportamiento y rendimiento exportador de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME), enfocándose en el contexto geográfico Español, uno de los países Europeos caracterizados tanto por su alta densidad de PYMEs como por su alto número de empleados posicionados en estas empresas. El crecimiento económico de España es en gran medida dependiente de los resultados de la actividad exportadora. A pesar de su relevancia, hay una escasez en términos de investigación relacionada al rendimiento exportador de las PYMEs a nivel Español, por lo que se destaca la necesidad de llevar a cabo más estudios en este contexto en particular. En este sentido, la presente tesis identifica y propone para su posterior análisis los siguientes temas de real importancia para explicar el comportamiento y rendimiento exportador de las PYMEs: 1) El papel de las características y las percepciones del directivo a la hora de determinar la participación y expansión de la actividad exportadora, 2) La influencia de los determinantes internos y externos sobre el rendimiento exportador objetivo y sobre la satisfacción con el resultado exportador; y el potencial impacto de ciertas dimensiones del rendimiento exportador (objetivas) sobre otras dimensiones de rendimiento exportador (subjetivas), 3) Y por último, la influencia del grado de estandardización/adaptación de la estrategia genérica de marketing internacional sobre el rendimiento exportador objetivo y la satisfacción con el resultado exportador, al mismo tiempo que se investigará cómo esta relación está moderada por ciertos determinantes internos y externos.
El marco teórico se basa en varios enfoques: el enfoque gradual del fenómeno de la internacionalización, la teoría de recursos y capacidades aplicada en el contexto internacional, la teoría de redes y el enfoque de contingencia con respecto a la estrategia de marketing internacional. Para la realización de esta tesis se emplearon tanto la metodología cualitativa (Capítulo 1) así como la cuantitativa (Capítulos 2 y 3). Mediante el empleo de la metodología cualitativa, basada en estudios de caso, se logró una profunda comprensión del proceso de internacionalización de las PYMES Españolas. Por consiguiente, se ha desarrollado un cuestionario estructurado con el propósito llevar a cabo el estudio cuantitativo.
Los datos fueron recogidos a través de una encuesta en línea dirigida a los directivos a cargo de la actividad exportadora de las PYMES Españolas. Para el tratamiento empírico de los datos recolectados se empleó tanto el análisis univariante como multivariante, empleando el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) y los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) - Análisis de Estructuras de Momento.
Los resultados muestran que, coincidiendo con la teoría de recursos y capacidades, el papel del directivo, en particular su orientación internacional, parece ser crucial para la actividad exportadora de las PYMEs. Sin embargo, la influencia de ciertas características y percepciones de los directivos parece ser más importante según la fase del proceso de internacionalización en la cual se encuentra la empresa o tener un impacto mayor en algunos indicadores relacionados al rendimiento exportador. Los resultados también revelan la existencia de una relación positiva entre el rendimiento exportador objetivo (la intensidad exportadora y el número de mercados y zonas de exportación) y el rendimiento exportador subjetivo (satisfacción del directivo con la posición de exportación, la rentabilidad de la actividad exportadora y el acceso a nuevos mercados), relación que no había sido abordada previamente en la literatura. Por otra parte, los resultados empíricos muestran que el éxito en la actividad exportadora puede lograrse mediante el empleo de una estrategia genérica de marketing internacional más estandarizada o bien una estrategia más localizada. La estandardización y la adaptación no deben considerarse, por sí solos, como estrategias puras, sino que deben entenderse desde la perspectiva de la contingencia la cual sugiere la presencia de un equilibrio entre la estandardización y la adaptación de la estrategia de marketing internacional, cuya interacción daría lugar a mejores resultados de exportación. Este estudio identificó tres variables contingentes tanto internas como externas, más concretamente el tamaño de la empresa, la intensidad tecnológica de la industria y los factores del entorno que moderan la relación establecida entre la estrategia genérica de marketing internacional y el rendimiento exportador, medido de forma objetiva y subjetiva.
En cuanto a las implicaciones para los empresarios, los directivos deben ser conscientes de que actualmente, debido al rápido desarrollo tecnológico junto con la eliminación de numerosas barreras comerciales, la entrada en mercados extranjeros no es tan arriesgada como solía ser en el pasado, mientras que representa una alternativa viable para el crecimiento de la empresa y la búsqueda de mayores beneficios. El papel fundamental en la mejora del rendimiento exportador objetivo está directamente relacionado con el conocimiento de lenguas extranjeras y de negocios internacionales del directivo, junto con el firme compromiso de la empresa con la actividad exportadora. Por lo tanto, los principales esfuerzos deben dirigirse hacia la adquisición de estas habilidades, así como dedicar más recursos a las operaciones de exportación, de forma sistemática y organizada. Por consiguiente, los esfuerzos en términos de política también deben enfocarse a mejorar la orientación internacional de los directivos con el fin de llevar a buen término la formulación y puesta en práctica de estrategias de internacionalización.
Como líneas de investigación futura sería interesante replicar estudios similares en otros contextos geográficos, de esta manera los resultados de esta tesis podrían ser generalizados a distintos entornos. Además, sería aconsejable llevar a cabo un análisis longitudinal, a la vez que se recomienda considerar variables compuestas como, por ejemplo, el grado de orientación internacional del directivo, la estandardización y la adaptación de la estrategia de marketing internacional o el rendimiento exportador. De esta forma, estas variables multidimensionales podrían ser analizadas desde una perspectiva temporal, lo que permitiría llevar a cabo una investigación de relaciones causa-efecto.
The present dissertation aims to contribute to the international business and marketing literature by shedding light on the export behaviour and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), in the Spanish geographical context, which represents one of the European settings characterised by high SMEs density and workforce employed by these enterprises. Spain's economic growth is vastly dependent on the results of the export activity. In spite of their relevance, there is a scarcity of research in the SME export centred literature, within the Spanish context, thus it becomes apparent that more investigations should be carried out in this particular setting.
In this sense, the present study identifies and proposes for further analysis the following topics of increased importance for SMEs' export activity and performance: 1) The role played by managerial characteristics and perceptions in determining export involvement and expansion; 2) The influence the internal and external determinants have on objective export performance and satisfaction with export performance and the potential impact of certain dimensions of export performance on other export performance dimensions; 3) The influence the standardisation/adaptation of the overall international marketing strategy has on objective export performance and satisfaction with export performance, simultaneously investigating how this relationship is moderated by certain internal and external determinants.
Theoretical support is provided by several approaches: the gradualist approach to the internationalisation phenomenon, the Resource Based View (RBV) applied in the international context, the network theory and the contingency approach to the international marketing strategy. Both qualitative (Chapter 1) and quantitative (Chapter 2 and 3) methodologies have been combined for the completion of this dissertation. By employing the qualitative methodology based on in-depth case studies profound understanding of the internationalisation process in Spanish SMEs was gained. Consequently, a structured questionnaire was developed for further carrying out the quantitative study.
Data was collected through an online survey addressed to the decision maker in charge of the export activity in Spanish SMEs. For empirically treating the quantitative data univariate and multivariate analysis with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) - Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) were performed.
The results show that, concurring with the RBV, decision maker's role, particularly his/her international outlook appears to be crucial for SME's export activity. Nevertheless, the influence of certain managerial characteristics and perceptions seems to be more prominent according to the internationalisation stage or to have a stronger impact on some export performance indicators. The findings also reveal the existence of a positive relationship between the objective export performance (export intensity and the number of export markets and zones) and the subjective export performance (managerial satisfaction with export position, export profitability and new market entry), relationship that to the best of our knowledge has not been explored before. Moreover, the empirical results display that successful export performance could be achieved by employing either a more standardised or a more adapted overall level of the international marketing strategy. Standardisation and adaptation should not be considered, in isolation, as pure strategies, but rather should be understood from a contingency perspective which suggests a balance between the standardisation and the adaptation of international marketing strategy would lead to increased export performance. This study identified three internal and external contingent variables, namely the size of the firm, the technological intensity of the industry and the environmental factors, that moderate the relation established between the overall international marketing strategy and export performance, measured both in an objective and a subjective manner.
Regarding the implications for practitioners, decision makers should be aware that, presently, due to rapid technological development along with the removal of various trade barriers, entering overseas markets is not bearing as much risk as it used to in the past, while representing a viable alternative for firm's growth and pursuit of higher profits. The fundamental role in improving objective export performance is played by their own foreign language skills, international business knowledge and firm's commitment to exporting, hence efforts should be directed towards acquiring these abilities as well as devoting resources to the export operations, in a systematic and organised manner. Therefore, policy initiatives should also aim at enhancing the development of decision maker's international outlook with a view to successfully formulating and putting into practice internationalisation strategies.
As future research directions it would be interesting to replicate similar studies in distinct geographical contexts, so the results could be generalised to larger populations. Longitudinal analysis should also be conducted, thus complex constructs such as the degree of international orientation of the decision maker, the standardisation/adaptation of the international marketing strategy or the export performance could be analysed from a time-based perspective, allowing for the investigation of composite cause-effect relationships.
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Karambakuwa, Tapuwa Roseline. "Determinants of export performance among small to medium enterprises in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17647.
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There is consensus that Small to Medium Enterprises (SME) exports play a critical role in the development of economies. It has been widely acknowledged in empirical research done around the world that small businesses make a significant contribution to economic development, employment, competitiveness and the reduction of regional disparities. However, empirical literature gives conflicting evidence on the determinants of export performance among SMEs. The study contributes towards the debate on SME exports by: (i) investigating the variables that determine export performance among SMEs in Zimbabwe (ii) establishing the competi-tiveness of Zimbabwe’s exports and (iii) ascertaining the major constraints faced by SME ex-porters in Zimbabwe The researcher gathered data from 120 SMEs and 10 institutions in Zimbabwe for the period 2009 to 2015. SME samples were chosen from Harare, Mashonaland Central and Mashonaland East provinces while all 10 of the institutions were chosen from Harare province. Convenient non-probability sampling method was used to select SMEs while stratified sampling technique was applied in the selection of institutions. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed. For the quantitative approach, panel data ordinary least squares method was used in the form of the gravity model of trade. Export intensity (used as a measure of exports) was regressed against support institutions, business ownership, research & development, educational years, use of export processing zones, product type, export years, firm size, firm age, gender, distance from trading partner, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of trading partner, and GDP of Zimbabwe. The random effects estimation method was used, basing on results from the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test. The null hypothesis was based on the premise that the variables under study do not determine export intensity of SMEs in Zimbabwe. Other null hypothesis were that the major constraint faced by SME exporters in Zimbabwe is not access to finance and that Zimbabwe’s exports are not competitive in the mining, agricultural and manufacturing sectors. The revealed comparative advantage index was computed to measure the competitiveness of Zimbabwe’s exports.For the qualitative approach, the study used the triangulation method which involved combining and utilising the questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions. The results from the study indicated that following variables increased export intensity of Zimbabwean SMEs; business ownership, use of export processing zones, export years, firm size, and GDP of trading partner. The following variables have an inverse relationship with the export intensity of Zimbabwean SMEs: gender, distance from trading partner and research & development. The results also indicated that these further variables do not determine the export intensity of SMEs in Zimbabwe: support institutions, years of education, product type, firm age and GDP of Zimbabwe. The major constraint faced by exporting SMEs in Zimbabwe is limited access to finance. Zimbabwe is competitive in the agricultural and mining sector exports, but not in manufacturing sector exports The policy implication of the findings is that SME support needs to go beyond support institutions when it comes to SME export promotion. Further SMEs in the agriculture and mining sectors need to be promoted for export growth since Zimbabwe is competitive in these sectors. However the manufacturing sector cannot be ignored, since many economies have developed due to exports of manufactured products and a country needs to have balanced export growth in both primary and manufacturing sectors. In order to have motivated, career SME exporters, entrepreneurship education should begin from primary school right up to university so as to improve entrepreneurial aspirations, attitudes and behaviour in the long run.
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Baalbaki, Imad B. "Standardization versus customization : an assessment of the importance of marketing management bases for international market segmentation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30572.
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Phiri, Thandiwe. "The role of business relationships in export market knowledge acquisition and export performance of UK small medium sized enterprises." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11531.
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Ayob, Abu Hanifah. "Export Behavior of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in an Emerging Economy." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10063/document.
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Cette thèse est présentée comme un recueil de trois articles empiriques. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’examiner le comportement de l’exportation des entreprises de petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) dans une économie en émergence, la Malaisie. Cette étude se focalise, spécifiquement, sur deux domaines de recherche: déterminants d’exportation et stratégie d’exportation. Le premier et le deuxième article analysent, respectivement, les déterminants internes et externes des décisions d’exportation. Le troisième article examine la stratégie d’exportation dans le contexte de la sélection du marché. Les résultats et les contributions sont discutés dans chaque article.Le premier article examine l’impact des facteurs financiers sur la décision d’exportation. En particulier, nous incorporons les deux majeures dimensions financières clés, le coût et le capital, pour étudier comment la perception du coût, de la capacité du capitale interne et de la contrainte du capital externe détermine le statut de l’exportation de la firme. Nos résultats montrent que les exportateurs perçoivent un coût d’exportation plus bas et sont moins contraints par le capital externe que les non-exportateurs. Cependant, nous découvrons que les exportateurs montrent une capacité du capital interne plus faible que celle des non-exportateurs. Cet article contribue à la littérature tout en intégrant les facteurs ‘push and pull’, pour comprendre l’effet combiné des déterminants financiers sur les décisions d’exportation. Le deuxième article évalue l’efficacité des programmes de promotion des exportations. En particulier, nous examinons le niveau de conscience, la fréquence de l’utilisation et la perception de l’utilité de ces programmes entre non-exportateurs et exportateurs. Nos résultats suggèrent que les exportateurs ont plus de conscience, sont les utilisateurs plus fréquents, et considèrent ces programmes plus utiles que les non-exportateurs. Cependant, les deux groupes montrent plus un haut niveau de conscience, une utilisation plus fréquente et un plus haut niveau de la perception de l’utilité des programmes liés à l’information d’exportation et aux salons/foires commerciaux internationaux sponsorisés que ceux qui sont liés à l’assistance financière tel que le conseil sur le crédit. De plus, l’analyse a également révélé que la fréquence de l'utilisation et la perception de l'utilité pour la plupart des programmes sont positivement liées à l’expérience de l’exportation, mais pas aux chiffres d'affaire de l’exportation. Cette étude nous aide à mieux comprendre l’impact des programmes d’exportation sur l’initiation et l’expansion de l’exportation à travers les différentes étapes de l’exportation dans une économie en émergence. Le troisième article examine la relation entre les stratégies compétitives et la sélection du marché de l'exportation. S'appuyant sur la littérature de l'avantage comparatif pour les exportateurs des pays émergents, et les caractéristiques de la demande sur les marchés d'exportation, nous testons des hypothèses sur la façon dont la domination pas les coûts, la différenciation et les stratégies de cible influencent l’exportation envers les pays développés et en voie de développement. Les stratégies de différenciation montrent les effets opposées à ceux de coût, alors que les stratégies de cible sont associées de manière négative aux exportations des deux types de marché. Cette étude contribue à la littérature en montrant que les stratégies compétitives agissent comme un déterminant, au niveau de la firme, de la sélection du marché des exportationsThis dissertation is presented as a collection of three empirical articles. The general aim of this thesis is to examine the export behavior of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy, Malaysia. Specifically, it focuses on two research domains: export determinant and export strategy. The first and second articles study on internal and external determinant of export decisions, respectively. The third article examines on export strategy in the context of market selection. Findings and contributions are discussed individually in each article. The first article examines the impact of financial factors on the export decisions. In particular, we incorporate two core financial dimensions, cost and capital, to investigate how perception of cost, internal capital capability, and external capital constraint determine the export status of a firm. Our findings show that exporters perceive export costs to be lower and are less constrained by external capital than non-exporters. However, we discover that exporters exhibit lower internal capital capability than non-exporters. This study contributes to the literature by integrating both push and pull factors to understand the combined effect of financial determinants on export decisions. The second article evaluates the effectiveness of public export promotion programs. In particular, the level of awareness, the frequency of use, and the perception of the usefulness of these programs between non-exporters and exporters were examined. Our findings suggest that exporters have greater awareness, are more frequent users, and perceive these programs to be more useful than non-exporters. Nonetheless, both groups demonstrate higher level of awareness, are frequent users, and perceived usefulness of programs related to export information and sponsored international trade fairs/shows than those related to financial assistance such as credit consultancy. Further analysis also revealed that the frequency of use and the perception of the usefulness for most programs are positively related to export experience, but not to export turnover. This study offers insights into the impact of export programs in an emerging economy for encouraging export initiation and expansion across export stages. The third article examines the relationship between competitive strategies and export market selection. Drawing on the literature of comparative advantage for exporters from emerging economies, and demand characteristics in export markets, we test hypotheses on how cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies influence exports to developed- and developing countries. The results suggest that cost strategies positively influence exports to developed countries but not to developing countries. Differentiation strategies show the opposite effects of cost strategies, while focus strategies are negatively associated with exports to both types of markets. This study contributes to the literature by showing that the competitive strategies act as a firm-level determinant of export market selection
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Tomás, Rafael da Fonseca. "Export intensity and financial performance of Portuguese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8723.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objectivo desta investigação é estudar a intensidade exportadora das Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) em Portugal. A relação entre a intensidade exportadora e o desempenho financeiro é analisado em detalhe. A análise empírica é baseada na amostra das PME da indústria transformadora obtida através dos dados contabilísticos do Sistema de Contas Integradas das Empresas (SCIE). São analisados dois modelos de intensidade exportadora das PME, linear e probit, tendo em conta dois tipos de variáveis dependentes: (i) a percentagem das vendas no mercado externo (considerando-se; e (ii) uma variável binária que mede a predominância exportadora (valor 1 para percentagens de vendas externas superiores a 50%). Como variáveis explicativas foram testadas variáveis relacionadas com as características das empresas (por exemplo, dimensão, nível tecnológico, custos salariais) e com o desempenho financeiro (por exemplo, endividamento, autonomia financeira). Os resultados são mistos dependendo do modelo e da amostra estudada, no entanto, no geral, o retorno sobre os activos, a produtividade, o resultado líquido e o rácio da dívida têm uma relação positiva com a intensidade exportadora. A dimensão e o nível tecnológico também têm um impacto positivo. O salário médio por trabalhador tem um efeito negativo na intensidade exportadora, sugerindo uma competitividade internacional baseada nos custos.
The purpose of this investigation is to explain the export intensity of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Portugal. The relation between export intensity and financial performance is analyzed in detail. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of SME firms from the manufacturing sector obtained from the firm-level accounting data Sistema de Contas Integradas das Empresas (SCIE). Two models of export intensity of SMEs are analyzed, linear and probit, considering two kinds of dependent variables: (i) the percentage of foreign sales (considering; and (ii) a binary variable that measures the predominance (value 1 for percentages of foreign sales higher than 50%). As explanatory variables are tested variables related to company characteristics (e.g. size, technological level, wage costs) and to financial performance (e.g. debt, financial autonomy). Results are mixed depending on the model or sample studied, however, in general, return on assets, productivity, net result and debt-to-equity ratio have a positive relationship with the export intensity. Size and technological level also impacted positively. Average wage has a negative effect on export intensity, suggesting an international competitiveness based on costs.
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Hutchison, Jane. "Export opportunities : women workers organising in the Philippine garments industry /." Hutchison, Jane (2004) Export opportunities: women workers organising in the Philippine garments industry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/84/.
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Transnational production arrangements have been widely argued to lessen the organising capacities of industrial workers, none more so than in the case of women workers in 'export' or 'world market' factories in developing countries. This thesis contests this assertion by showing that women workers' ability to form enterprise unions in the Philippine garments industry are enhanced by transnational production arrangements involving an overseas market. Specifically, the thesis demonstrates that, in order to meet the quality and delivery requirements of overseas buyers and contractors, local owners and/or production managers are forced to routinely keep more production in-house in order to exert more direct controls over the work processes of their women sewers. By thereby limiting the amount of local subcontracting which is done, women workers are agglomerated in larger numbers in the one place and, consequently, their capacities to engage in collective action - as indicated by the establishment of enterprise unions - is markedly increased.
Empirically, the argument of the thesis draws on a 'multiple-case' study of sixty-five garment-making establishments located in and around Manila. The study involved interviews with owners, production managers and/or trade union officials about the local subcontracting practices of their establishments. The conclusions drawn about the links between export production and enhanced labour organising capacities at the enterprise level are corroborated by the 'commodity chain' literature on industrial deepening in the international garments industry and the status of the Philippine industry in this regard. But rather than think simply in terms of industrial deepening, this thesis is concerned with the impacts of exporting on class processes.
Theoretically, the thesis thus draws on the Marxist view that capitalist development entails changes in the social form of labour, through the real subsumption of labour. But, whereas Marx linked the real subsumption of labour to greater capitalist controls over the labour process, in this thesis the real subsumption of labour is also tied to concomitant changes in the spatial form of the labour process. From this standpoint, the thesis engages with labour process theory after Braverman (accusing it of often failing to link capitalist control to class processes) and with theories of class (which often ignore the social and spatial form of the labour process). In tying organising capacities of women workers at the enterprise level to changes in social and spatial form of the labour process, it is nevertheless argued that these capacities are also shaped at the national level by the legal framework for legitimate organising and by 'political space' in which the law in fact operates. In this regard, it is argued that, whilst the state often passes laws to protect labour standards, it does not grant workers the means to ensure such standards are actually enforced.
The thesis also challenges the view that the recruitment of women is a strategy which employers deliberately use in the Philippine garments industry to limit industrial conflict. Against this assertion of a rational economic basis to women's employment, the thesis argues that women are employed for sewing jobs as a result of the sex-typing of such jobs; but that this is also more an effect than a cause as the feminisation of sewing in the modern garments industry is embedded in class processes in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States. Gender is a dimension of labour control, but women workers in the garments industry are not employed to limit enterprise unionism.
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Sekuličová, Dominika. "Podnikatelské prostředí v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264723.
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The thesis deals with the quality of business environment of the Czech Republic, nevertheless, the main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the current system of the export support. Firstly, the opening chapter attempts to define the term business environment theoretically, after that it puts forward the possibilities of quantifying the quality of this indicator and then summarizes its evolution specifically in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is particularly devoted to the system of economic diplomacy in the Czech Republic and concentrates primarily on the support of export as a part of national business support programs. In this context, the thesis analyses in full detail the Export Strategy of the Czech Republic for the period 2012-2020, its updated version of 2016 and also how defined goals are met on an ongoing basis. The final part provides the export survey carried out within small and medium-sized enterprises. This survey evaluates whether the system of the state export support is generally known and used within this segment.
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Le, Nguyen Truc. "Export orientation of Polish small and medium-sized enterprises in Gdansk : an empirical analysis." Thesis, Kingston University, 2006. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20246/.
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The success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in industrialised countries has led to the increasing recognition of their role in exports, and in transition economies, this is driven by private-sector-led economic growth. The objective of this thesis is to determine major factors influencing export propensity of Polish SMEs in an expanded European Union (EU). All investigated enterprises are located in the Gdansk province. This study employs the Logit model to explain why some SMEs are exporters (their export propensity) in Poland. The second contribution of this thesis is to find out why some Polish SMEs are non-exporters and will not even engage in future export activities (export aversion). The results of the study indicate that the essential sources of an enterprise's finance, the perception about major problems with respect to export operations and the actions taken to prepare for the accession of Poland to the EU are very important drivers of export propensity and export aversion. More importantly, the results show that the information about special foreign credit available for Polish SMEs and the number of competing firms in domestic market have a positive influence on their export propensity. A strong relationship has been observed between the extent of use of IT tools in distribution-marketing and export propensity. Our results also illustrate that the propensity to export is dependent on the capital of the firm and on profitability of the firm in the domestic market. However, our findings reveal that legal status of firms, the branch of economic activity of the enterprise, the firms with less attractiveness and modernity of products, the firms with little knowledge of EU members' markets and the firms with low technological levels are the factors influencing export aversion of Polish SMEs. Our results demonstrate that the domestic share of the market of the firm is significant in explaining export propensity and aversion. Our empirical results should contribute to policy makers' designing effective assistance programmes to encourage Polish SMEs in their exporting.
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Liu, Qing, and 刘青. "Essays on multinational firms: export, FDI, and cross-border acquisitions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45151143.
Full textBooks on the topic "Export enterprises"
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1957-, Cohan Peter S., ed. Export now: Five keys to entering new markets. Singapore: Wiley (Asia), 2011.
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La internacionalización de la empresa y el plan de exportación. [Caracas]: Universidad Metropolitana, 2005.
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Grinell, Lauren P. Export performance of U.S. small and medium-sized enterprises. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, 2011.
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Planning & Research Group Export-Import Bank of India. Industry Research Wing. Export performance of small and medium scale enterprises in India. Mumbai: Export-Import Bank of India, 2005.
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Kumar, Nagesh. Foreign controlled enterprises in Indian industry: Distribution, characteristics & export behaviour. Mumbai: Export-Import Bank of India, 1990.
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Jonnard, Claude M. Keys to starting an export business. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's Educational Series, 1996.
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Garg, Arun Kumar. Multinational corporations in India: Export performance and promises. Meerut, India: Friends Publications, 1992.
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India, Export-Import Bank of. What India can export to industrialised markets: A study. Bombay: Export-Import Bank of India, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Export enterprises"
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Antoldi, Fabio, Daniele Cerrato, and Donatella Depperu. "Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." In Export Consortia in Developing Countries, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24879-5_1.
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McKean, Cressida S. "7. Review of export development services for small firms." In Micro- and Small Enterprises in Latin America, 95–106. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440842.007.
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Rosnan, Herwina, Shamsul Baharin Saihani, Nuryusmawati Yusoff, and Norzaidi Mohd Daud. "Export Readiness Among Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Malaysia." In Proceedings of the 1st AAGBS International Conference on Business Management 2014 (AiCoBM 2014), 57–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-426-9_5.
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Fauzel, S., R. V. Sannassee, and B. Seetanah. "The expansion of export-oriented enterprises and development in Mauritius." In Mauritius: A Successful Small Island Developing State, 48–60. First edition | New York : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429262357-4.
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Jansson, Hans, and Petter Boye. "Increased Internationalization for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises through Joint Export Networks." In Network Strategies for Regional Growth, 207–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230299146_11.
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Morshidi, Ibrahim, Normah Omar, Jamaliah Said, Suzana Sulaiman, and Ibrahim Kamal Abdul Rahman. "Management Accounting Practices in Export-Oriented Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia." In Contributions to Management Science, 75–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66245-5_4.
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Belyakova, Galina Ya, Sergey A. Belyakov, Darya A. Fokina, and Anastasiya S. Shpak. "Artificial Intelligence Instruments as the Basis for the Development of the Machine-Building Enterprises Export Potential." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 117–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56433-9_14.
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Roxas, Banjo, Doren Chadee, and Terry Wu. "Export Knowledge and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Philippines: The Moderating Effects of Relational Capital." In Impacts of Emerging Economies and Firms on International Business, 250–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137032546_12.
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Besson, Jeremy, Antanas Mitasiunas, and Saulius Ragaisis. "Enterprise SPICE Export Extension." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 279–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13036-1_27.
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Pot’vin, Kellyn, Anand Akela, Gokhan Atil, Bobby Curtis, Alex Gorbachev, Niall Litchfield, Leighton Nelson, and Pete Sharman. "Enterprise Manager Jobs." In Expert Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c, 385–422. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4939-9_11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Export enterprises"
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Qing, Feng, Yu-Fan Zhou, and Miao Wang. "Research on Statistical Survey Methods of Chinese Export Enterprises - Take Guangdong export enterprises as an example." In 2020 IEEE 5th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec49072.2020.9141905.
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Hromov, A. S., and A. A. Shtondin. "THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF THE FORESTRY ENTERPRISES." In All-Russian Scientific Conference, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Voronezh State Forestry University named after G.F. Morozov. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-73-7.2020.268.272.
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в данной статье представлена аналитическая информация по динамике и ассортиментному составу продукции лесопромышленных предприятий, а также отражены основные постулаты перспективы развития в контексте экспортных ограничений со стороны государства.
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Tian, Yi-Hao, and Gao-Feng Zhu. "The Impact of Enterprise Heterogeneity on the Export Choice of Automobile Enterprises." In 3rd Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development (ICMESD 17). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmesd-17.2017.64.
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Shuli, Wang, and Qiu Minrong. "Quality of Services and Export Behavior of Enterprises." In the 2017 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3034950.3034952.
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Krievina, Megija, and Velga Ozolina. "Export target country selection tool for more competitive enterprises." In 19th International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2018". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2018.079.
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Zhou Ming and Yan Zhijun. "Export and productivity of enterprises: Based on the data of Chinese listed enterprises in manufacturing industry." In 2016 13th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2016.7538527.
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Slukina, A. A., and L. I. Petrovа. "EXPORT FEATURES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BY ENTERPRISES ALTAI REGION IN MODERN CONDITIONS." In TOPICAL ISSUES OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. Komi Republican Academy of Public Service and Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/93206-022-27.
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Evseeva, Olga. "Problems of Russian gas export through the eyes of analysts." In System Problems of the Domestic Mesoeconomics, Microeconomics, and Economics of Enterprises. ЦЭМИ РАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0769-5-142-155.
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Evseeva, Olga. "Problems of Russian gas export through the eyes of analysts." In System Problems of the Domestic Mesoeconomics, Microeconomics, and Economics of Enterprises. ЦЭМИ РАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0769-5-142-156.
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Winata, A. Yahya Surya. "Export Market Orientation for Manufacturing Small-Medium Enterprises in East Java Indonesia." In International Conference on Economics and Banking. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceb-15.2015.5.
Full textReports on the topic "Export enterprises"
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Jaiswal, Geetika, and Jung Ha-Brookshire. Exploration on Suppliers' Perceptions towards the Multinational Enterprises' Codes of Conduct: Behind the Scenes at Indian Apparel Export Houses. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1337.
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Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Council of Ministers. Nordic Exports of Goods and Exporting Enterprises. Nordic Council of Ministers, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2014-514.
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Remi Aiyede, Emmanuel. Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Cocoa and Rice Value Chains in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.005.
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Nigeria has sought to diversify its economy away from dependence on oil as a major source of government revenue through agricultural commercialisation. Agriculture has been a priority sector because it has very high growth potential and the greatest potential for employment and export revenue. The cocoa and rice value chains are central to the government’s engagement with agriculture to achieve these objectives. This paper sets out to investigate the underlying political economy dynamics of the commercialisation of the cocoa and rice value chains in Nigeria in terms of smallholder farm households’ shift from semi-subsistence agriculture to production primarily for market, and predominantly commercial medium- and large-scale farm enterprises complementing or replacing smallholder farm households.
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Kraynova, O. S. Expert evaluation of the competitiveness of enterprises in the definitions of marketing-logistics. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/kray-2017-artc-00052.
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From Informal Sideline to National Business in Tunisia. Oxfam IBIS, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7949.
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Mohammed Yahya is an entrepreneur engaged in the production and sale of essential oils. Getting his enterprise established was not easy. However, things improved when he started receiving support from Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme partner the Local Initiative and Development Forum (FIDEL). FIDEL was instrumental in facilitating business grants and business development support. With this more focused approach, Mohammed managed to register his business, participated in national fairs, and opened new market segments. He successfully graduated from the informal labour market to the self-employed category. The training he received from FIDEL helped him to increase the sale of his products. In the future, he hopes to explore the international market and reduce his imports of raw materials by growing ingredients locally.
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The cassava seed system in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges for policy and regulatory reform. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20202.
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In many African countries south of the Sahara, farmers depend on the cultivation of vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) for both consumption and commercial purposes. Yet yields for these crops remain at low levels due, in part, to the persistent use of low-quality planting material. Efforts to improve the quality of planting material exchanged in markets or through other channels are often hampered by the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation—characteristics that distinguish VPCs from the major cereal crops that drive and shape the policy and investment choices made in many of these countries. This suggests that continued investment in new technologies and systems to produce, package, and distribute VPC planting materials will require customized policies and policy support if these systems are to supply farmers with quality planting material at any significant and sustained scale. This paper explores these issues in the context of the cassava seed system in Nigeria by drawing on (1) prior research, public policy documents, and government statistics; (2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with seed system actors; and (3) a unique dataset from the 2015 Cassava Monitoring Survey of Nigeria (CMS). The paper examines the production and supply of cassava planting material, the influence of various quality assurance systems on production and supply, and the implications for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. We describe the market, non-market, and regulatory systems that shape the cassava seed market in Nigeria, focusing on effectiveness, influence, and reach. We then explore the ground realities—how farmers actually acquire and use cassava planting material—given the (weak) state of markets and regulation. This is followed by a discussion of alternative policy and regulatory approaches to managing and expanding the cassava seed system, emphasizing a more decentralized approach that prioritizes investment in innovative capacity at the community and enterprise levels.