Academic literature on the topic 'Export of agricultural products'
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Journal articles on the topic "Export of agricultural products"
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Phiri, Joseph, Karel Malec, Socrates Kraido Majune, Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi, Zdeňka Gebeltová, Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, Mansoor Maitah, Kamil Maitah, and Patricia Naluwooza. "Durability of Zambia’s Agricultural Exports." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010073.
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This paper establishes the determinants of the export durability of agriculture products in Zambia with specific attention to maize, sugar, cotton, and tobacco between 1996 and 2019. We find that approximately 39% of Zambia’s agricultural products were exported beyond the first year of trading and less than 10% lasted up to 6 years of trading. The mean and median duration of exporting agricultural products in Zambia was 1.7 years and 1 year, respectively. Among the products, maize had the highest export duration after the first year of trading, followed by sugar, tobacco, and cotton. Results of the discrete-time logit and probit models with random effects revealed that the duration of total agricultural products was significantly impacted by common colony, contiguity, partner’s gross domestic product (GDP), Zambia’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports. Of these factors, colonial history and Zambia’s GDP reduced export duration, while contiguity, partner’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports increased the durability of exports in Zambia. The effect of Zambia’s GDP was uniform across all individual agricultural products. Total exports also significantly impacted all other agriculture products in a similar manner except for maize. Export durability for cotton was significantly impacted by the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), while the export durability of tobacco was significantly impacted by distance, contiguity, and partner’s GDP. To increase the duration of agriculture exports, we propose the exporting of finished agriculture products (and not just raw materials), which have a higher market value and duration probability. Farmers also need support with export subsidies, increased foreign market access (especially to economies with higher buying power), and negotiated favorable trade terms in the region and around the globe.
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Khan, Zaid Ashiq, Mansoor Ahmed Koondhar, Noshaba Aziz, Uzair Ali, and Liu Tianjun. "Revisiting the effects of relevant factors on Pakistan's agricultural products export." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 12 (December 26, 2020): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/252/2020-agricecon.
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Pakistan is an agriculture-based country, so the agricultural sector is known as the backbone of the national economy. Considering the national economy and the agricultural industry, it is necessary to focus on earnings through agricultural products export to improve the livelihood of local farmers. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyse the short-term and long-term factors affecting agricultural products export. The annual time series of 1976–2016 were collected from World Bank indicators, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Statistical Bureau of Pakistan. An autoregressive distributed lag, along with a vector error correction model, was employed. A cointegration test showed long-term associations between the selected variables. While the autoregressive distributed lag model confirmed the short-term correlation between area sown and crop production towards agricultural products export, there is no long-term relationship between the selected variables. In addition, the bidirectional correlation between employment in agriculture and agricultural products export was confirmed by the vector error correction model. Therefore, it is essential to increase agricultural production with the available natural resources to increase foreign earnings.
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Kholoshyn, Ihor, Svitlana Mantulenko, Accola Sharon Joyce, Daniel Sherick, Talgat Uvaliev, and Victoria Vedmitska. "Geography of agricultural exports from Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128011009.
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Based on the generalization and systematization of scientific and accounting data, the article considers agriculture as one of the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy, providing 50% of foreign exchange earnings from exports of all goods from the country. The structure and geography of agricultural exports from Ukraine are analyzed. The existing export potential of the studied sector of the national economy and the level of self-sufficiency of Ukraine in agri-food products are revealed. Four specialization types of agricultural exports from Ukrainian regions are established: areas with dominance in export of animal origin products; areas with a dominance in the export of plant products; areas with a predominance in the export of animal or vegetable origin fats and oils; area, with mixed export specialization. Recommendations for the re-profiling of agricultural production in a number of the country’s regions in order to increase exports of this product type.
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Mukhammedov, Abu, Jaroslav Kultan, and Nurymbetova Bota. "Development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan." Eurasian Journal of Economic and Business Studies 4, no. 62 (December 30, 2021): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47703/ejebs.v4i62.65.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign trade in agricultural products of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of indicators of export of agricultural products of the country. In the process of studying the foreign trade turnover of agricultural products of Kazakhstan, identified the main trading partners or importers of agricultural products of the Republic.
The analysis of changes in the structure of exports of agricultural products of the Republic to the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rest of the world. The main agricultural products occupying significant shares in the structure of export of the Republic are determined. For the analysis, a statistical review of the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products over the last five years is presented. The analysis of indicators of production of agricultural products, as well as the share of manufactured products for export (Simić, Stankov, 2020).
The study confirmed that the share of agricultural exports in the overall structure of the country's exports is insignificant. A significant part of the exported agricultural products are directed to the CIS countries and neighboring countries. A significant part of the export of agricultural products falls on cereals. The share of this category of goods in the total income from exports of food and agricultural raw materials is 90 percent.
Thus, exports and foreign trade in agricultural products in General are a source of growth of the agricultural economy for the country, the external factor is important to take into account when building forecasts of economic growth and modeling the economic policy of the country in the field of agriculture.
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Singh, J. P., and S. K. Goyal. "Indian Agricultural and Processed Food Products." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 1 (April 2005): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050103.
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Wheat, jaggery & confectionery, animal casings, dried & preserved vegetables, fresh vegetables, floriculture were the main source of export earnings during last decades. The extent of growth in value terms has been invariably higher than the amount of growth in quantity terms except in case of jaggery & confectionery, alcoholic & beverages, and milled products. Wheat topped the list both in export earnings and quantity exported with 63.10 per cent and 53.08 per cent annual growth rates, respectively. Instability indices for both export earnings and quantity exported, were highest for animal casings (183.75%) and (172.90%) indicating that animal casing was most vulnerable commodity in terms of export earnings and quantity exported. Guar gum recorded least instability (9.73%) in terms of quantity exported while export earnings instability was observed least (9.13%) in mango pulp. The instability has been by and large higher for quantity exported than the export earnings with some exceptions like guar gum, dried nuts, fresh grapes, buffalo meat, groundnuts, other cereals. In terms of value of exports, the year 2001-02 was a year of export earnings diversification as evidenced by very low value of Herfindahl (0.02), Hirschmann (0.15), and Gini-Hirschmann (0.30) measures, respectively. In terms of quantity exported, year 2000-01 observed highest diversification while 2002-03 recorded commodity concentration (reduced diversification) in quantity exported.
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Ramphul, O. "Agricultural exports and the growth of agriculture in India." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 5 (May 28, 2013): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/118/2012-agricecon.
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The study empirically investigates the causality between agricultural exports and gross domestic product (GDP) agriculture in India using the Granger causality test via Vector Error-Correction Model over the period 1970–1971 to 2009–2010. The results of unit-root tests suggest that the series of India’s GDP agriculture and farm exports are integrated of order one. The results of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to co-integration show that there is a positive and stable long-run equilibrium relationship between India’s agricultural exports and GDP of agriculture. We find a unidirectional causal link running from farm exports to gross domestic product of agriculture. It indicates that in India, agricultural products export Granger causes the growth in GDP of agriculture, which supports the export-led growth hypothesis. It is suggested that in order to accelerate the agricultural growth rate in India, there is a need to implement the policies encouraging the agricultural exports.
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Fenghe, Zhang, Viktoriia Medvid, and Lu Xu. "Marketing potential of the Sino-Russian bilateral agricultural export market." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.15.
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China and Russia are important agricultural countries in the world. Expanding exports and increasing sales of agricultural products play an important role in the economic development of both countries. To understand the current situation of agricultural exports of the two countries and formulate strategies to expand the marketing of agricultural products, this paper uses the UN Comtrade Database 2009-2018 on Chinese and Russian bilateral agricultural export sales and other trade data to calculate the (expansion margin) and (price margin) of agricultural exports, (quantity margin), to analyze the types, prices, and quantities of exported agricultural products. The results show that China exports to Russia mainly labor-intensive types of agricultural products such as processed agricultural and horticultural products, accounting for 87.46% of total agricultural exports on average. The increase in exports is mainly due to the continuous increase in the prices of exported agricultural products. Russia exports to China mainly land-intensive types of agricultural products such as animal products, grains, oilseeds and fat products, which accounted for an average of 79.07% of total agricultural exports. The increase in exports was mainly due to the continuous increase in types and quantities of agricultural products to develop the export potential of agricultural products and expand sales. In addition, China should expand the types and quantities of agricultural products exported, and Russia should increase the added value of agricultural products and raise the export prices of agricultural products.
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ZHANG, FENGHE, and VIKTORIIA MEDVID. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CHINA'S REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXPORT TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-23-32.
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Since the reform and opening up, especially since its accession to the WTO, China has become an important agricultural trade country in the world. As China's agriculture and the entire national economy share the benefits of global economic integration, they must also meet the impact of fierce market competition, price fluctuations and industrial restructuring caused by this. This study puts the export trade of agricultural products into the national economic growth system and explores the impact and contribution of agricultural export trade to China's economic growth. Based on the theory of international trade in agricultural products and economic growth, the paper analyzes the analysis framework of the impact of international trade in agricultural products on China's regional economic growth. First, based on the realistic understanding of the development of China's agricultural export trade, comprehensive and systematic analysis of the characteristics of China's agricultural export trade development to determine the future trend of it. Secondly, the correlation analysis of SPSS software is used to verify the impact of agricultural export trade on economic growth. Third, based on the test and analysis of the research results, systematically evaluate the contribution of agricultural export trade to China's economic growth. Studies have shown that the increase in agricultural export trade has made great contributions to China's economic development and has become increasingly prominent in economic development. This paper uses the economic data from 2010 to 2017. According to China's 31 administrative divisions and the three economic divisions of the eastern, central and western regions, the technical methods such as absolute value increment analysis and correlation analysis are used to explain the promotion of regional agricultural products to economic development. To this end, China needs to increase investment in agricultural science and technology, promote the development of agricultural industrialization, improve the circulation of agricultural products, reduce the transaction costs of agricultural products, improve the efficiency of international trade in agricultural products, and continuously improve the comprehensive production capacity and international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products. Keywords: China, regional agricultural products, exports, economic growth, correlation analysis, impact.
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КУШХОВА, Бэла, Bela Kushkhova, Залина Иванова, Zalina Ivanova, Хадис Таусолтанов, and Khadis Tausoltanov. "State and prospects of the export potential of agriculture in the North Caucasus." Agrarian Bulletin of the 190, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/article_5dcd861ea87111.98018774.
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Abstract. Recently, agriculture has seen a slowdown in growth. The reason for the latter is seen in the peculiar saturation and increase of competition in the domestic market of agri-food products. In this situation, one of the areas and sources of stimulating the growth of agriculture is the development of exports, the search for new foreign markets. The aim is to empirically test the hypothesis of agricultural exports as a factor in the growth of agriculture and the regional economy with the dominant agri-food sector, and to formulate the directions and tools of raising export capacity in agriculture in the North Caucasus. The empirical basis for verification of the provisions is the data of official statistics, systematized in the collections of Rosstat from 2005 to 2017, as well as the sample data of the authors. The methodical basis is a set of statistical, economic and mathematical and descriptive methods that provide analysis of empirical (statistical) data, identification of dynamic and structural trends in agricultural exports to agricultural products North Caucasus and the wording of proposals to ensure efficient use of export potential in agriculture of North Caucasus entities. The article explores the state, dynamic and structural trends in the export and import of food products and agricultural raw materials in the North Caucasus. The novelty of the results: (a) the dependence of agricultural exports on the volume of gross agricultural products, as well as the retail turnover of food products and imports, has been identified, formalized and quantified; (b) The wording of the conclusion on the stimulating role of exports and imports of food and agricultural raw materials on the dynamics of the gross agricultural output of the macro-region, while achieving the limit by other factors (Manufacturing and consumer) growth; (c) proposals to increase the volume and efficiency of food exports and agricultural raw materials in the North Caucasus. The results are new both on the object of the study (agriculture of the North Caucasus) and on the statistics used. In some cases, they confirm previous results of other authors, in others represent new trends in the development of macro and regional agriculture.
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Grujić, Biljana, Marijana Joksimović, and Biljana Stojanović. "Export of Agricultural and Food Products of Serbia." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 8, no. 3 (July 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2019070101.
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Agricultural production is supported by the food industry allowing the placement of agricultural products with a higher processing phase achieve higher value of surplus of balance payments in this activity. The work structure can be analyzed in two parts. The first part considers the key specifics and problems of financing agriculture and food industry of Serbia (low contribution of agriculture in the creation of gross domestic product - GDP, small allocations for the agrarian budget, unfavorable agrarian loans with commercial banks, etc.). The second part of the article presents the structure of exports of agriculture and food industry of Serbia from 2011 to 2016. In the six-year period, cereals and cereal-based products, as well as fruits and vegetables, dominate the country's total exports. The average share of cereal exports in total exports of the country was around 5.5%, and fruit and vegetables about 5.2%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export of agricultural products"
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Přibylová, Jana. "Import of agricultural products from Colombia to Czech Republic." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264161.
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The demand for tropical fruit in the Czech Republic is rising, it´s a trend in the modern way of life. People in the Czech Republic, and all over the world, demand healthier ways of food consumption. We did research concerning a supply in the supermarkets and consumers. I found out, that a demand for tropical fruit was not very well covered and that people were demanding more variety of tropical fruit and were ready to up pay double prices for it. I compared data about consumption of tropical fruits in Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic. The comparison is drawn from net import of tropical fruit and net import it´s divided per capita. We proved that people in the Czech Republic were consuming fewer kilograms per capita per year than people in Germany and Austria. Annual consumption of tropical fruit in the Czech Republic grew by 7 % during the last five years, while in Germany it amounted to 0,3% and in Austria to 4,5%.
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Бурлакова, Ірина Михайлівна, Ирина Михайловна Бурлакова, Iryna Mykhailivna Burlakova, and Ю. В. Шафорост. "Перспективи розвитку експорту сільськогосподарської продукції України." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49056.
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Інтеграційні процеси потребують від нашої держави визначення певних
напрямів трансформації економіки. Україна обрала напрям європейської
інтеграції, що було підкріплено підписанням Угоди про асоціацію.
Міжнародна економічна інтеграція тісно пов’язана з міжнародною торгівлею,
яка є невід’ємною частиною світової глобалізації. Внаслідок зростання
показників динаміки ринків з’являються нові вимоги до якості товарів і
послуг національних виробників, особливо до виробників
сільськогосподарської продукції. Розвиток експортного потенціалу
сільськогосподарської продукції стає запорукою зростання економіки в
цілому, що передбачає, у тому числі, підвищення кваліфікації персоналу та
якісну зміну системи адміністрування бізнесом.
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LaForce, Vanessa. "Legal challenges for developing countries' exports of agricultural food products to the EU." Thesis, Abertay University, 2013. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9a355197-e5bc-426f-a9c1-45956e732d56.
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This thesis critically examines the increasing complexity and diversity of market access issues for agricultural food products from developing countries (DCs) to the European Union (EU). Agriculture is the sector which receives the most protection from the EU and the trade-distorting measures, employed by the EU to protect its own agricultural market, affect opportunities for DCs in agricultural food trade. These measures are also opposed to the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) objective of a “fairer and more open multilateral trading system” between the WTO member countries. The EU post-colonial history with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries has also influenced the rules enforced by the EU for the import of certain agricultural commodities. However this relationship, as well as the operation of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy, has been subject to a number of sustained attacks as a result of WTO commitments. Therefore, this thesis will conduct an examination of the EU’s legal obligations under the WTO and their impact on agricultural food trade. The continuing change in EU market access conditions, subject to the legal trade rules established by the WTO, requires an in-depth analysis in order to inform DCs as to how to adapt to these changes as they take place. In this context, the thesis examines the legal trade relationship to date between the EU and the Caribbean region of the ACP Group, which has been selected as the case study, within the “Fortress Europe” of agriculture. Two commodities, sugar and bananas, will be given particular attention in the thesis because of their high sensitivity in agricultural trade and the level of contention that these provoke between the EU and DCs in international trade disputes. This is evidenced by the number of cases and the length of disputes brought within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO. As these commodities are of crucial importance to particular DCs, the thesis focuses its analysis on the perspective and experience of two developing Caribbean countries in particular, Guyana and Jamaica.
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Орловська, А. О. "Удосконалення експорту сільськогосподарської галузі в Одеському регіоні." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Orlovskaya.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти основ експортної діяльності сільськогосподарської продукції, основні групи товарів експорту та їх регіональний поділ, проаналізовано чинники, що впливають на регіональний експорт даної продукції. Визначено основні напрями виробничої спеціалізації Одеського регіону в сільському господарстві. Здійснено аналіз експорту регіону, визначено чинники, які обмежують та заважають експортній діяльності. Запропоновано шляхи удосконалення експортної діяльності регіону, зокрема за рахунок розвитку органічної продукції сільського господарства.
The paper considers the theoretical aspects of the basics of export activities of agricultural products, the main groups of export goods and their regional division, analyzes the factors influencing the regional export of these products. The main directions of production specialization of the Odessa region in agriculture are determined. The analysis of the region's exports is carried out, the factors that limit and hinder the export activity are determined. Ways to improve the export activity of the region, in particular through the development of organic agricultural products, are proposed.
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Шумейко, В. М. "Маркетингові аспекти експорту аграрної продукції." Thesis, Ткачов О.О, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47769.
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Економіка України в значній мірі формується і залежить від ефективності зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, від реалізації експортних можливостей галузей економіки. Продукція АПК займає значне місце в експортному потенціалі України і представлена в основному такими товарами як зернові культури, кукурудза, соняшник та продукти його первинної переробки: «сира» олія, шрот (макуха),
продукція тваринництва та іншими.
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Манзул, А. Е. "Вдосконалення експортного потенціалу підприємств сільськогосподарського виробництва України (на прикладі ТОВ СПГ «Надія»)." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Manzul.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглядаються теоретико-методичні основи дослідження експортного потенціалу підприємств сільськогосподарського виробництва. Досліджено фактори розвитку експортного потенціалу підприємств сільськогосподарського виробництва та визначено методи оцінки експортного потенціалу підприємства. Проаналізовано показники сучасного стану та динаміки розвитку експортного потенціалу ТОВ СПГ «Надія». Проаналізовані чинники впливу на експортний потенціал досліджуваного підприємства. Зроблений аналіз господарської та фінансової діяльності ТОВ СПГ «Надія». Визначені шляхи вдосконалення експортного потенціалу ТОВ СПГ «Надія» за рахунок пошуку нових ринків збуту, зокрема Румунії, а також впровадження у діяльність підприємства нового обладнання, а саме установки установки ТЕК-1СМ.
The paper considers the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the export potential of agricultural enterprises. The factors of development of export potential of the enterprises of agricultural production are investigated and methods of an estimation of export potential of the enterprise are defined. Indicators of the current state and dynamics of development of export potential of LNG LLC "Nadiya" are analyzed. Factors influencing the export potential of the researched enterprise are analyzed. The analysis of economic and financial activity of LNG LLC "Nadiya" is made. Ways to improve the export potential of LNG LLC "Nadiya" by finding new markets, including Romania, as well as the introduction of new equipment in the enterprise, namely the installation of TEK-1SM.
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Viégas, Isabel Fernandes Pinto. "Impactos das barreiras comerciais dos Estados Unidos e União Européia sobre a pauta de exportações agrícolas brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-17122003-102113/.
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O Brasil possui um grande potencial agrícola e deve ampliar suas exportações para reduzir o déficit em transações correntes. No entanto, as exportações agrícolas brasileiras estão sujeitas a restrições tarifárias e não-tarifárias nos Estados Unidos e na União Européia, mercados importantes para o Brasil. Este trabalho visou a avaliar a incidência de picos tarifários, quotas tarifárias, barreiras técnicas e barreiras sanitárias e fitossanitárias sobre o valor das exportações agrícolas brasileiras nos Estados Unidos e na União Européia, definir as medidas de proteção mais usadas por cada um desses parceiros comerciais e verificar os principais produtos e complexos agrícolas sujeitos a essas medidas no ano 2000, através da utilização dos índices de cobertura e freqüência.Brazil has a large agricultural potential and must increase its exports to reduce the deficit in current transactions. However, Brazilian agricultural exports are subject to tariff and non-tariff trade restrictions in the United States and European Union, which are important markets for Brazil. The purpose of this theses was to evaluate the importance of tariff peaks, tariff rate quotas, technical barriers, sanitary and phytosanitary measures over Brazilian agricultural export value in the United States and European Union, to define the protection measures applied by each of these trade partners and verify which are the main agricultural products subjects to these measures in the year 2000, by the use of frequency and coverage indexes.
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Pupeikienė, Irena. "Eksporto subsidijos ir jų įtaka Lietuvos žemės ūkio ir maisto produktų užsienio prekybos plėtrai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060525_145442-51086.
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Research object: export sponsorship of agricultural and food products. Research subject: export subsidies and their influence on Lithuanian agricultural foreign trade. Research aim: prediction of alternative developmental trends on agricultural economy in case of export subsidies revocation of agricultural and food products since 2013. Objectives: • to analyse theoretical rules of export sponsorship policy; • to analyse Lithuanian export sponsorship policy of agricultural and food products; • to test influence of export subsidies on Lithuanian foreign trade expansion of agricultural and food products; • to predict of alternative developmental trends on agricultural economy in case of export subsidies revocation of agricultural and food products since 2013. Research methods: • in case of prospect and analyse of theoretical grounds on international trade policy also evolution of Lithuanian foreign trade policy used common scientific methods - analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and juridical/law documents; • in case of valuation of export subsidies influence on Lithuanian agricultural and food products foreign trade expansion used economical - statistical methods for data compilation and analysis; • in case of compute and systematize of statistical information used means of bunching, comparison and diagrammatical representation.
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Silva, Simone Fioritti. "A balança comercial do agronegócio brasileiro de 1989 a 2005:seus deteminantes, cenários e perspectivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-07052007-143044/.
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Este trabalho analisa a contribuição do agronegócio para o saldo comercial do Brasil desde 1989 de sorte a que se possa antecipar a possibilidade de ocorrer conflitos entre a geração dos superávits do setor e a manutenção do custo de vida e da inflação sob controle. Há que se determinar relações entre taxas de câmbio, taxa de crescimento do PIB, preços internacionais de commodities assim como o comportamento da produtividade com o superávit comercial do agronegócio. Uma nova classificação de balança comercial do agronegócio foi criada e usada para analisar os lados dos produtos exportados - representados pelos produtos agrícolas não processados, produtos de origem animal não processados e alimentos industrializados e dos insumos importados – representados pelos fertilizantes - para o período de 1989 a 2005. Elaboraram-se modelos de importação e exportação a fim de retratar e explicar o comportamento dessas variáveis empregando a Análise de Auto-Regressões Vetoriais (Vector Autoregression Analysis, VAR). Pôde-se observar que um aumento de 1% na atratividade – dada pelo produto do câmbio e dos preços externos - impulsiona as exportações de produtos agrícolas não processados em 1,71% imediatamente, estabilizando-se em 2% após alguns trimestres. A atratividade explica de 60% a 74% da variância dos erros de previsão dessas exportações. Um aumento de 1% atratividade eleva os preços agrícolas em 0,29% de imediato e em pouco mais de 0,2% no longo prazo. A demanda externa por fertilizantes mostrou-se inelástica: 1% de aumento no seu custo eleva o valor das importações em 0,55%. Nota-se assim que uma desvalorização cambial, por exemplo, aumenta mais as exportações de produtos do que as importações de fertilizantes. Além disso, um crescimento de 1% no PIB doméstico exerce impacto expressivo (convergindo em - 1,7%) de contenção das exportações dos produtos agrícolas. Embora estes efeitos não tenham apresentado poder relevante de explicação dos erros de previsão, eles alertam para possíveis quedas no ritmo exportador do agronegócio face a uma retomada do crescimento econômico brasileiro. Nesse caso, cada ponto percentual de crescimento do PIB teria de ser compensado por idêntica desvalorização cambial para conter a demanda interna e manter as exportações. Salientase, entretanto, que a expansão das exportações do agronegócio tem-se dado sob incremento importante da produtividade, que pode ser o elemento capaz de compatibilizar o crescimento das exportações e o atendimento do mercado interno sem pressões inflacionárias relevantes.This study aims to analyze the agribusiness contribution to Brazil\'s trade balance since 1989 until 2005 to evaluate the possibility of conflicts involving surplus generation, cost of living and inflation. The study determines the relationships among interest rates, GDP growth rate, commodities international prices as well as the productivity behavior with the agribusiness trade surplus. A new classification of the agribusiness trade balance was proposed and used to analyze the aspects of the exported products –non processed agricultural products, non processed products of animal origin, industrialized foods and imported inputs – represented by fertilizers. Imports and exports vector autoregression models were used to explain the behavior of these variables. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness – product of the exchange rate by the international prices – boosts immediately the exports of non processed agricultural products by 1.71%, stabilizing at 2% after some trimesters. The attractiveness explains 60 to 74% of the forecast error variances of these exportats. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness raises the agricultural prices by 0.29% at the first moment and slightly higher than 0.2% in the long run. The demand for fertilizers is inelastic: an increase of 1% in price generates a rise in the imports value of 0.55%. It is noted, thus, that an exchange rate devaluation stimulates more the exports of products than it does the fertilizer imports. Besides, an increase of 1% of the GDP has an expressive impact (converging into -1.7%) on agricultural products exports. Although these effects have not presented relevant power to explain the forecast errors, they signal to a possible drop of the agribusiness exporting rhythm in the face of an economic recovery of the Brazilian economy. In this case each percent point of the GDP growth would have to be compensated by an identical devaluation of the exchange rate in order to keep the exports level. It is highlighted, however, that the expansion of agribusiness exports has been attributed to an important increase in productivity, which can be the element to balance the exportation growth and the domestic market demands without relevant inflationary pressures.
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Ato, Emma. "Les comportements des ménages agricoles face à la commercialisation des produits vivriers en République centrafricaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10178.
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La commercialisation des produits vivriers doit rester au centre des préoccupations des autorités politiques dans la mesure où elle explique en grande partie les faibles niveaux de production vivrière en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. La pertinence de cette hypothèse réside dans le fait que la commercialisation constitue un facteur déterminant dans le développement de la production agricole, d’autant que la plupart des économies africaines repose sur l’agriculture. Les marchés agricoles ont été le plus souvent organisés dans les pays africains en faveur des cultures d’exportation et la priorité continue de leur être accordée. Les performances agricoles insuffisantes enregistrées pendant ces dernières décennies en Afrique au Sud du Sahara et plus particulièrement en République centrafricaine, nous amène à nous demander s’il n’y a pas de divergence entre les objectifs de l’Etat, qui cherche avant tout à maximiser ses recettes fiscales (prélèvement sur les exportations), et ceux des paysans, qui cherchent plutôt à satisfaire d’autres besoins (consommation, revenu, …). Si tel est le cas, l’analyse des comportements des ménages agricoles face aux contraintes de production et de commercialisation devient une nécessité avant la mise en place de toute action de politique économique visant à promouvoir le secteur agricole. A défaut de pouvoir étudier un modèle de comportement agricole et/ou de surplus commercialisable, faute de données micro-économiques, nous avons appréhendé les réactions des paysans par rapport aux signaux du marché (prix …) et par rapport à d’autres variables pouvant affecter la production en utilisant le modèle d’offre de Nerlove avec un mécanisme à correction d’erreur. Les résultats des estimations économétriques de l’offre de vivriers et de celle du coton tendent à confirmer l’hypothèse d’ajustement graduel des producteurs et à mettre en lumière le rôle important joué par les prix dans la production agricole. Dans tous les cas, la politique d’administration de prix entreprise par l’Etat centrafricain ne semble pas avoir eu un effet significatif sur l’offre des vivriers comme dans le cas du coton faute de structure de commercialisation appropriée. De plus, le comportement des paysans paraît beaucoup plus flexible dans le processus d’ajustement quand il s’agit de culture de renteThe commercialization of food products remains the main concern of political authorities in so far as it explains in large part the weak levels of food output in Sub Saharan Africa. The relevance of this hypothesis resides in the fact that commercialization constitutes a determining factor in the development of agricultural production, the more so as the majority of African economies depend on agriculture. Agricultural markets have most often been established in African countries in favor of export goods and these countries are still giving them a priority status. The insufficient agricultural performances recorded during the recent decades in Sub-Saharan Africa, and specially in the Central Africa Republic, leads us to ask if there doesn’t exist a divergence between the objectives of the government, which seeks above all to maximise its fiscal receipts (increase in exports), and those of the farmers who prefer satisfying other needs (consumption, income). If this is the case, the analysis if the behavior of agricultural household, confronted by production and commercialization constraints, becomes necessary before the implantation of any economic policy decisions aimed at the promotion of agricultural sector. For want of being able to study a model of agricultural household behavior and/or of marketable surplus, due to a lack of the micro-economic data, we estimated the farmers’ reactions, as regards market signals (price) and as regards other variables which could exercise an effect on agricultural production, by using the Nerlove supply model, incorporating an error correction mechanism. The results of the econometric estimation for the supply of food crops and cotton tend to confirm the hypothesis of gradual adjustment by the producers and to highlight the important role payed by prices in agricultural production. In all cases, the price administration policy undertaken by the Cantral Africa government does not seem to have a significate effect on the supply of food products as it did in the case of cotton, due to the adoption of an appropriate commercialization structures. Moreover, the farmers’ behavior should appear a great deal more flexible in the adjustment process when it is a matter of export foods
Books on the topic "Export of agricultural products"
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Nicholas, C. J. Export handbook for U.S. agricultural products. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, 1985.
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Nicholas, C. J. Export handbook for U.S. agricultural products. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, 1985.
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Nicholas, C. J. Export handbook for U.S. agricultural products. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, 1985.
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Marshalek, Kathy. Export marketing, sales and operations for agricultural products. Cincinnati, OH: International Business Publications, Inc., 1992.
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Welby, Ellen M. Agricultural export transportation workbook. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, International Transportation Branch, Transportation and Marketing Division, 1993.
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Elina, Ol'ga. The concept of priority development of the export of products of agro-industrial complex of Russia until 2024. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1023826.
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The book describes the development of resulting research opportunities and prospects of promoting the products of agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia in the international markets. The authors ' study showed that Russia continues to increase its place in world trade of agricultural products.
Presents the author's concept of increasing exports of agricultural products to Russia to $ 45 billion by 2024, identified strategic options, and proposed development model of export agriculture, the expedience, methods and instruments of realization of measures of state support of export of agricultural products.
For a wide range of readers interested in the development and export of the APC.
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Welby, Ellen M. Agricultural export transportation handbook. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, 1997.
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Welby, Ellen M. Agricultural export transportation handbook. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, 1997.
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United States. Foreign Agricultural Service. Food and agricultural export directory. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, 1999.
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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Getting it right: Importing and exporting agricultural products. Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Export of agricultural products"
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Dubovitski, Alexander A., Elena A. Yakovleva, Olga Yu Smyslova, Gayane A. Kochyan, and Elena V. Zelenkina. "Assessment of Export Prospects of Russian Agricultural Producers." In Sustainable Agriculture, 167–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8731-0_17.
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Cai, Zhenjun, and Chen Wang. "Study on the Effect of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity on the Export of Agricultural Products." In Recent Trends in Decision Science and Management, 779–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3588-8_90.
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Fazrakhmanov, Ilvir I., Milyausha T. Lukyanova, Julia V. Khodkovskaya, and Elvira R. Gimaletdinova. "Strategic Analysis and Assessment of the Export Potential of Agricultural Products in the Region." In Smart Innovation in Agriculture, 123–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7633-8_13.
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Su, Yang. "Influence and Countermeasures of Green Trade Barriers on Agricultural Products Export Based on Data Analysis Technology." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 335–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69999-4_45.
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Cherkasova, Olga V., Nadezhda A. Shelamova, and Roman A. Romashkin. "Prospects of Russian Exports with Respect to the Demand for Chinese Agricultural Products." In The Challenge of Sustainability in Agricultural Systems, 471–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73097-0_53.
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Bai, Yong. "Research on the Measurement and Its Influencing Factors of the Technical Complexity of Agricultural Products Export in China." In Recent Trends in Decision Science and Management, 185–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3588-8_23.
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Shuting, Dong, Zhu Shiyan, and Wang Beibei. "Research on the Impact of “The Belt and Road” Logistics Performance on China’s Export of Agricultural Products to Countries Along the Route." In Applied Economics and Policy Studies, 587–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0564-3_60.
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Bronkhorst, Ruud. "Export Products." In The Economics of Human Rights, 115–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59166-3_19.
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Vroegindewey, Gary. "National Veterinary Services Roles and Responsibilities in Preparing for and Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies." In Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63021-1_1.
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AbstractNational Veterinary Services have a wide range of regulatory and operational responsibilities as directed by their respective countries including: animal health, animal welfare, food safety, zoonotic disease surveillance and control, import and export regulations, trade in livestock and livestock products, disaster management, and other functional areas. These services can utilize numerous guidelines and standards to prepare for and respond to nuclear and radiologic events. In addition to their national and regional guidelines, there are resources developed by the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency, United Nations Food and Agriculture Agency, the World Organization for Animal Health and other entities to support disaster risk reduction, preparedness and response. National Veterinary Services can utilitze all these resources to effectively and effeciently respond to nuclear and radiological emergencies.
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Bogoviz, Aleksei V., Elena I. Semenova, and Julia V. Ragulina. "Agricultural Products’ Quality." In The Future of the Global Financial System: Downfall or Harmony, 154–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00102-5_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Export of agricultural products"
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HORSKA, Elena, Alim PULATOV, and Khabibullo PIRMATOV. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF VALUE ADDED AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.213.
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The goal of this paper is to analyse socio-economic role of value added agriculture in Uzbekistan. The main agricultural exports are cotton (raw and yarn), fruits, vegetables, leather, wool and fur. There is an opportunity to acquire more social and economic advantages by exporting finished goods, which are made out of primary agricultural commodities. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs and growing people’s income. The paper presents the analyse of the agriculture sector in GDP and the production dynamics of the primary agricultural commodities during 2005-2014, as well as comparison the share of cotton, fruits, vegetables and leather in export in 2005 and 2014. Based on the analyses it is recommended to widely use value added agriculture in order to support people, who are living in rural areas in Uzbekistan.
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Slukina, A. A., and L. I. Petrovа. "EXPORT FEATURES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BY ENTERPRISES ALTAI REGION IN MODERN CONDITIONS." In TOPICAL ISSUES OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. Komi Republican Academy of Public Service and Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/93206-022-27.
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Ji, Bin, and Jingsi Zhang. "Analysis on Export Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in Guizhou Province." In ICIMTECH 21: The Sixth International Conference on Information Management and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465631.3465693.
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Szerb, András Bence, and Ferenc Csima. "The Situation of the Hungarian Wheat from the Grain Trading Point of View in 2016." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01809.
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Hungary is traditionally an agricultural country and the agricultural sector is still a dominant one in the economy but its importance is weakening nowadays. The agriculture is export oriented, which helps to improve the performance of the national foreign trade balance of the country.
On a global scale wheat is one of the most important grain products both globally and in Hungary as well. During the past years wheat has had the second biggest volume after corn on the local market. In this paper the authors examine the situation of the wheat according to data bases of different institutions both on the Hungarian and the international markets.
On the global agricultural market, the grain sector plays a decisive role since it produces the necessary basic food for humanity. During the last decades the sector has needed to face higher demands for grain products on the agricultural markets which trend may probably continue in the near future as well. The volume increase of the products has affected the agribusiness markets also. Such a small and export oriented country like Hungary should follow the global and EU trends on the agricultural market to keep its competitiveness.
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Droždz, Jolanta. "SPECIALISATION IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD EXPORTS OF LITHUANIA." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.23.
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The analysed research problem answer the question of how the changing trade conditions affect Lithuanian agricultural and food exports. The paper aims to assess the level of specialization in the agricultural and food sector exports of Lithuania. Assessment of the level of specialization was based on calculation of the trade coverage, revealed comparative advantage and intra-industry trade indi-ces and their aggregation. Empirical research covers the period of 1999–2014. The export of agricul-tural and food products of Lithuania has been positively affected by trade liberalisation and achieved the effect of synergy due to regional integration processes (membership in the EU). It is characterised by high level of specialisation; nevertheless, this does not contribute to increasing of added value in agriculture.
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Zhao, Lihong. "The Research on Export Trade of Agricultural Products in Jilin Province." In 8th International Conference on Management and Computer Science (ICMCS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmcs-18.2018.6.
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Shi, Jing, and Haiying Ma. "Export Trade Development Level of Agricultural Products: China & Central Asian." In ICIMTECH 21: The Sixth International Conference on Information Management and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465631.3465653.
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Baigonushova, Damira, Saikal Otorova, Junus Ganiev, and Jusup Pirimbaev. "Problems of Development of the Agricultural Sector in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02022.
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The main aim of this study is to identify the main development problems and the affecting factors of the agricultural sector of Kyrgyzstan. In order to achieve the goal, the relationship between the agricultural sector’s export, import, the employment rate and the amount of loans granted to the agricultural sector was analyzed by the ARDL cointegration method. Annual data for the period 1992-2014 was used in the analysis. According to the empirical results, a 1% increase in exports was found to increase agricultural production by 0.23% in the short term, while a 1% increase in the price index of agricultural products would increase production by 0.41%. In the long run it has been revealed that the production of agricultural products is affected by the increase in prices of agricultural products, the employment rate and the exports of agricultural products. The effect of the bank loans is weak. As a result, the state must implement an appropriate pricing policy in order to develop the agricultural sector.
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Zhang, Yu, and Yongjian Zong. "Impact of Carbon Tariffs on Jiangsu's Agricultural Products Export Trade and Countermeasures." In 2018 15th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2018.8465106.
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Chernaya, А. Е. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF EXPORT AND IMPORT OPERATIONS IN THE AREA OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.297-300.
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The article discusses the impact of the new economic reality and state policy on the import and export of various types of agricultural products, shows the trend and dynamics of these indicators over the years for the main types of agricultural products, changes in the ratio of export and import operations of agricultural products with far-abroad countries and countries of the East and achieving their optimal volumes.
Reports on the topic "Export of agricultural products"
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Kholoshyn, Ihor, Svitlana Mantulenko, Accola Sharon Joyce, Daniel Sherick, Talgat Uvaliev, and Victoria Vedmitska. Geography of agricultural exports from Ukraine. EDP Sciences, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4618.
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Based on the generalization and systematization of scientific and accounting data, the article considers agriculture as one of the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy, providing 50% of foreign exchange earnings from exports of all goods from the country. The structure and geography of agricultural exports from Ukraine are analyzed. The existing export potential of the studied sector of the national economy and the level of self-sufficiency of Ukraine in agri-food products are revealed. Four specialization types of agricultural exports from Ukrainian regions are established: areas with dominance in export of animal origin products; areas with a dominance in the export of plant products; areas with a predominance in the export of animal or vegetable origin fats and oils; area, with mixed export specialization. Recommendations for the re-profiling of agricultural production in a number of the country’s regions in order to increase exports of this product type.
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Kholoshyn, Ihor, Svitlana Mantulenko, Accola Sharon Joyce, Daniel Sherick, Talgat Uvaliev, and Victoria Vedmitska. Geography of agricultural exports from Ukraine. EDP Sciences, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4618.
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Based on the generalization and systematization of scientific and accounting data, the article considers agriculture as one of the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy, providing 50% of foreign exchange earnings from exports of all goods from the country. The structure and geography of agricultural exports from Ukraine are analyzed. The existing export potential of the studied sector of the national economy and the level of self-sufficiency of Ukraine in agri-food products are revealed. Four specialization types of agricultural exports from Ukrainian regions are established: areas with dominance in export of animal origin products; areas with a dominance in the export of plant products; areas with a predominance in the export of animal or vegetable origin fats and oils; area, with mixed export specialization. Recommendations for the re-profiling of agricultural production in a number of the country’s regions in order to increase exports of this product type.
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Finkelstain, Israel, Steven Buccola, and Ziv Bar-Shira. Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568099.bard.
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In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.
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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.
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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and Yanhong Jin. Use of Branding and Sampling in Agricultural Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7697116.bard.
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The original proposal has three main objectives: a conceptual framework on willingness to pay (WTP) for fruits and vegetables, the introduction of branding and sampling in fresh food, and empirical applications to the United States and Israel. We modified our research plan over time based on availability of data and emergence of new problems. We expanded the range of products to include poultry and the range of techniques to use real experiments as well as more traditional surveys. We expanded the range of problems to understand attitudes toward genetically modified (GM) food. There is a growing interest in introduction of marketing tools like demonstration sampling, money-back guarantees, labeling, and brands in agriculture. These marketing tools are important for enhancing demand for agricultural products and food safety. However, the methodology needed to assess the effectiveness of these tools and understand their performance in different agricultural sectors is limited. Our analysis demonstrated the importance of brands as a marketing tool in agriculture. In particular, we showed conceptually that strong brands can be substitutes for other marketing tools like sampling or demonstration. We were able to conduct real experiments for the demand for safe chicken and show that consumers are willing to pay significantly more for products branded as more safe. Yet, using experiments in Israel and the United States, we found that WTP for brands of fresh fruits and vegetables is smaller than in other product categories. Warning labels are a sort of negative branding. The GM-free labeling is particularly important since it serves as a trade barrier to U.S. crops exports. Our analysis of acceptance of GM products found that WTP for GM products in Israel and the United States depends on framing of information about the impact ofGM and the quantity of information disclosed. Finally, in analyzing the evolution of support for Proposition 37 that aimed to introduce mandatory labeling of GM in California, we found that support for mandatory labeling ofGM products is broad as long as it is not perceived to be costly. Our project demonstrates the feasibility of conducting real experiments to assess consumer demand in agriculture. When looking at interdisciplinary groups, one can design new products and assess the WTP for their characteristics. We also show that, while branding is a very strong marketing tool, its use in fresh fruit and vegetables is likely to be limited. However, brands can be important with processed food. Furthermore, we have proven that, while some consumers strongly object to GM products, most consumers in the United States and Israel would be willing to buy them for a discount, and some would pay extra if they are associated with improved characteristics. Finally, we expanded the notion of warning labels to calorie information and showed that the response to calorie information depends on gender, education, and how the information is presented.
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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir, and Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.
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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.
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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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Welby, Ellen M. Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.9752/ts022.02-2004.
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Dzanku, Fred M., and Louis S. Hodey. Achieving Inclusive Oil Palm Commercialisation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.007.
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Oil palm is the most important export crop in Ghana, aside from cocoa. Compared with cocoa, however, oil palm has a more extensive local value chain, including greater opportunity for local industrial and artisanal processing into palm oil and other products, which creates a high potential for employment generation and poverty reduction; as a result oil palm is classified as a priority crop. The selection of oil palm as a priority crop aims to promote agricultural commercialisation through domestic agroindustry development and exports. In spite of this, the oil palm economy has still not achieved its potential, and this begs the question, why? Although it is known in general that commercialisation potential and its benefits are not equally distributed across groups, it is not clear how and why different subgroups (women, men, youth) might benefit differently from the oil palm economy. This brief addresses why different groups of smallholders (women, men, youth) benefit unequally from oil palm value chains, and how returns to oil palm production and marketing could become more inclusive.
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Cummings, John. Geese, Ducks and Coots. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208739.ws.
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Canada geese, snow geese, ducks, and American coots all have been implicated in agricultural crop and turf damage. Generally, goose, duck, and American coot damage to crops, vegetation and aircraft can be difficult to identify. Usually the damage to crops or vegetation shows signs of being clipped, torn, or stripped. Tracks, feces, or feathers found neat the damage can be used to help identify the species. Damage to aircraft is obvious if the bird is recovered, but if not, and only bird parts are recovered, a scientific analysis is required. Canada geese, snow geese, ducks, and American coots are federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), which stipulates that, unless permitted by regulation, it is unlawful to “pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, possess, sell, barter, purchase, ship, export, or import any migratory birds alive or dead, or any part, nests, eggs, or products thereof.” Generally, geese, ducks, and coots can be hazed without a federal permit in order to prevent damage to agriculture crops and property with a variety of scare techniques. In most cases, live ammunition cannot be used.