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Journal articles on the topic 'Export Processing Zones Authority'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 February 2023

Last updated: 23 February 2023

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1

Harry, Deinibiteim Monimah. "Value Addition Policy in Nigeria’s Export Processing Zones: Lessons from the Asian Economies." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0058.

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Abstract The study examined the value addition in the Nigeria’s export processing zones, comparing it with the experiences from Asian economies. Upon the recommendation of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Nigeria adopted the EPZ scheme via Decree No 63 of 1992 to accelerate industrialization through increasing manufacturing for exports, among others. The Calabar Free Trade Zone was established as the pioneer zone in the country. The objective of this research work is to determine the extent of Value Addition at the zones in Nigeria. As at 2008, 25 zones have registered with NEPZA, the regulatory authority in the country. Out of the 25 registered zones, 11are operational, 9 under construction and 5 merely declared. Four (4) zones, namely, Calabar, Oil and Gas and Snake Island Integrated Free Trade Zones and Alscon Export Processing zone, were systematically selected from the 11 operational zones for the study. Two hundred and ninety copies of questionnaire were administered on 290 respondents drawn from 54 firms and 4 zonal management boards. Out of the 290 copies of questionnaire 242 copies were properly filled and returned. The 242 copies of questionnaire returned served as the primary source of data, while textbooks, journals, fasimiles, etc served as the secondary sources of data. The paper argued that for EPZs to help in the industrialization of a nation value addition and production segmentation must be made central to the manufacturing/ production processes; because the higher the level of value addition the greater the impact/contribution of EPZs to socio-economic development. The study revealed that the level of value addition in the Nigerian zones is very low, only labour element of value addition is visible, technology and material elements were absent. Hence, the paper recommends that value addition should be made compulsory in the production processes at the zones and emphasis should be on the technology and material elements. This, it is believed would enhance backward linkages with the domestic economy.

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2

Winarso, Eddy, and Revelino D. Garcia. "Corporate Leadership Responsibility of Global Top Executives at the Cavite Export Processing Zone Authority." Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 1 (November 22, 2014): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/irrc.2014.14ntt034.

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This study was designed to evaluate the profile of various foreign top-level managers of multinational companies operating at the Cavite Export Processing Zone as a basis for proposing a model for global corporate leadership responsibility (GCLR). The study was conducted in 2011to 2012. The setting was multinational companies located at the Cavite Export Processing Zone: Cavite Export Processing Zone Authority in Rosario, Gateway Business Park in General Trias, and the First Cavite Industrial Economic Zone in Dasmariñas.

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3

Mukhtar, Uzma, Syed Ainud Din, Zohurul Islam, and Saubia Ramzan. "Identification of Impediments in Export Promotion Zones of Pakistan." JISR management and social sciences & economics 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2013.11.2.8.

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Pakistan enjoys pivotal position among energy-rich Central Asian States and Gulf countries. Export Promotion Zones (EPZs) are playing important role in the economic development of countries since the formation of these zones. In Pakistan, Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA) was established in 1980. Comparative research studies and reports in literature depict that economic share of EPZs of Pakistan is not much impressive and its economic share in the country lags behind neighboring countries. EPZA hence is faced with external factors like devaluation of rupee, euro country crisis, foreign investors’ retention and attraction in Pakistan but this study aims to analyze internal factors or impediments that have a direct impact on foreign investment. Data was collected through survey questionnaire from respondents (n=480). Data was analyzed using SPSS (11.5 Version). Regression results identify work environment, bhatta culture, high inflation, political instability, inadequate skill enhancement, inadequate training and infrastructural facilities as major impediments for EPZ development in Pakistan. Thus, this study concludes that positive work environment, political stability and security, adequate infrastructural facilities, appropriate location of industrial units, upgradation of workers skill, provision of training, overcoming the bhatta culture and stable inflation will help boosting the development and performance of export promotion zones of Pakistan.

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4

Tyce, Matthew. "The politics of industrial policy in a context of competitive clientelism: The case of Kenya’s garment export sector." African Affairs 118, no. 472 (January 18, 2019): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ady059.

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Abstract The success of Kenya’s garment export sector relative to other African countries challenges a growing pessimism regarding the prospects of devising and implementing industrial policy in contemporary Africa, particularly in contexts characterized by Competitive Clientelism. Kenya became sub-Saharan Africa’s fourth largest exporter of garments by value during the last two decades, catching up with major players like Lesotho and South Africa while converging on the two largest exporters, Mauritius and Madagascar. Nuancing existing explanations for the sector’s growth, which emphasize external factors like trade regimes and donor interventions, this article assigns a central role to the state and the balance of power that underpins it. The interests of key actors within Kenya’s political settlement aligned in a way that allowed the country’s Export Processing Zones (EPZ) programme to be relatively insulated from political pressures, giving the Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA) sufficient autonomy and coordination capacities to administer a highly-conducive business environment for predominantly foreign garment firms. However, while the sector’s employment and foreign exchange contributions have ensured ongoing political support, the resulting increase in garment firms’ holding power has made them more assertive in demanding policies that are not only decoupled from learning processes, but detrimental to other industry players.

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5

Adamiv, Marta, and Iryna Kots. "Customs procedures of the European Union: essence, typology and features of application." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.02.344.

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On the way to European integration, Ukraine is facing many tasks related to the fulfillment of obligations under the Association Agreement with the European Union. One of the key places in the list of such tasks is harmonization of domestic customs legislation in terms of customs procedures with the norms of the European Union. In the context of assistance in solving this problem the essence and structure of customs procedures under the legislation of the European Union were studied. It was established that all customs procedures of the European Union are divided into three groups: release for free circulation, special procedures, export. The following special customs procedures are distinguished: transit (covers external and internal transit), storage (includes customs warehouse and free zones), special use (provides for temporary purpose and end-use), processing (includes processing in the customs territory of the European Union and outside the customs territory of the European Union). One of the most common customs procedures is the release for free circulation and export. The procedure of release for free circulation provides for: collection of duty; collection of other payments in individual cases according to the provisions of the relevant legislation, which obliges to pay them in such cases; application of trade policy instruments and prohibitions and restrictions, if they were not introduced in the previous stages; performance of other necessary formalities required when importing goods. As for the export procedure, it stipulates the following: all goods leaving the customs territory of the European Union must be placed under the customs procedure of export (only goods placed under the customs procedure of processing or transit may be an exception); goods exported outside the customs territory of the European Union are not the subject to customs duties; goods placed in the export procedure remain under customs control until they are in the customs territory of the European Union in the same condition as they were at the time of acceptance of the customs declaration; if the goods remain in the customs territory of the European Union, the exporter must promptly notify the customs authority.

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6

Hasan, Mohammad Ashraful. "Minimum Wage in Readymade Garments Industry in Bangladesh." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i2.348.

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Manufacturing Ready-Made Garment (RMG) is labour intensive and low wage based industry. Nowhere, this industry was static or permanent basically on account of wage. As soon as any country became developed, the apparel and textile industry left that country. RMG is highly focused on the relocation of production. The relocation take place from high wage regions to low cost production regions just like water flows down-stream always. This single sector is dominating Bangladesh economy Since ‘80s. In Bangladesh different sectors have different wage levels according to the nature of job. The Minimum Wages Board recommended or re-recommended minimum wages of the 42 industrial sectors. The minimum wage of this very sector is lower than other sectors within the country and among the RMG manufacturing countries as well. On the contrary, within the country, for the same sector – RMG, there are dissimilarity in the minimum wage. Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) declares the same for the industries inside Export Processing Zones (EPZ) which is higher than the declaration by Minimum Wage Board for outside EPZ factories. Minimum wage board has classified the non-EPZ workforces into seven grades according to their skills with seven different wage levels. Contrary, EPZs workers are divided into five categories. BEPZA has fixed higher wages and benefits compere to non-EPZ factories. Moreover, the study finds that the grading system has many loopholes which is not based on well thought and planned. There are so many posts and positions required to run an RMG factory that are not mentioned in the gazette. There is no guideline on how to measure workers’ competency for a particular grade and for how long a worker will be retained in the same grade. These loopholes are helping the employers to manipulate in determining workers’ grade. Minimum wage structure is applicable for whose positions mentioned in the gazette and entitled to all types of benefits mentioned in the law including overtime (OT) payment at double rate of wage. To avoid extra overtime payment factory management promotes or changes the designations like executive, supervisor etc. who are getting comparatively higher wage to keep them away from OT benefits. All those anomalies need to be addressed for properly.

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7

Kuria, John Njoroge, Dr Bernard Omboi, and Dr George Achoki. "THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL ALLOWANCE INCENTIVE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EPZ FIRMS IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 2, no. 5 (August 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.443.

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This study intended to investigate the influence of the effect of capital allowance incentives on the performance of EPZ firms in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive and explanatory research design. The study used a stratified sampling approach because the number of the EPZ firms in Kenya was categorized into 4 strata. The total numbers of firms used in the study were 86 registered EPZ firms in Kenya according to Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA). The study adopted a census survey design. Census survey was adopted because the population of interest was small. A sample size of all the 86 registered EPZs firms was used in this study. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires. Secondary data from the registered firms was collected on; ROA, number and value of jobs created and the length of stay of the firms. The secondary data was collected from operating EPZ firms in Kenya annual report. The study assessed the performance of EPZ firms against the tax incentives they benefited for the last ten years. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to conduct data analysis. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations while inferential statistics were correlations and regression analysis. The study findings revealed that at 5% significance level, capital allowance tax incentive had a positive and significant relationship with performance of EPZ firms measured using ROA, number of jobs created and length of stay. The study concluded that increase in capital allowance tax incentive resulted to increase in both ROA of the firms and the number of jobs and length of stay. The study recommended that stakeholders in tax policy should reconsider the economic value of capital allowances.

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8

Hasan, Syed Mahadi, Mohammad Ali Haider, and Md. Zakaria Hasan. "Suitability of Urban Green Belt and Green Wedges in Chittagong City, Bangladesh: An Investigation into the Sustainable Urban Environment." International Journal of Building, Urban, Interior and Landscape Technology (BUILT) 19 (June 29, 2022): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/built.v19.246502.

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Green belts and green wedges promote ecological balancing and hazard reduction in urban areas. The study attempted to identify suitable locations for urban green belts and green wedges in Chittagong city (CC). The mechanisms of the study were reviewing CC Master Plan, Detailed Area Plan (DAP), field observation, key informant interviews, and small groups discussions. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was used for the vegetation classification from 1990 to 2021 at a 10-year interval. The urban built-up area of the Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) was 18.64 sq. km in 1990 while it became 139.74 in 2021. In 1990, dense vegetation was 153.21 Sq.km but it decreased to 19.39 Sq.km in 2021, because of rapid population growth and unplanned urbanization. A highly suitable site for the green belt was found in CDA coastal area. Besides, Kalurghat industrial zone, Chittagong Export Processing Zone, Nasirabad, and Baijid area were found appropriate for urban green wedges. Most suitable (83.60 sq. km) and moderately suitable (232.6032 sq. km) areas for the urban green belt were identified and in the coastal zone maximum suitable areas’ length was 57.61 km. The study concluded by urging for land-use zoning and the implementation of the urban green belt and green wedges, and raising voices against hill cutting by urban neighbourhood communities in CC.

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9

Amirahmadi, Hooshang, and Weiping Wu. "Export Processing Zones in Asia." Asian Survey 35, no. 9 (September 1995): 828–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645785.

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10

Amirahmadi, Hooshang, and Weiping Wu. "Export Processing Zones in Asia." Asian Survey 35, no. 9 (September 1995): 828–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1995.35.9.01p00532.

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11

Johansson, Helena, and Lars Nilsson. "Export processing zones as catalysts." World Development 25, no. 12 (December 1997): 2115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(97)00103-4.

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12

Osejos Vásquez, Antonio Eduardo, and Williams Ausberto Merchán García. "LINEAMIENTOS PARA ESTABLECIMIENTO DE ZONA ESPECIAL DE DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO EN LA ZONA SUR DE MANABÍ." UNESUM-Ciencias. Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria. ISSN 2602-8166 2, no. 2 (September 26, 2018): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.47230/unesum-ciencias.v2.n2.2018.83.

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Este estudio fue concebido con la finalidad de analizar el cumplimiento de los lineamientos establecidos por la autoridad gubernamental competente para la implantación de una Zona Especial de Desarrollo Económico en la Zona Sur de Manabí, con la finalidad de proporcionar alternativas para reducir los problemas de falta de trabajo y fuentes de ingresos que tanto aquejan al sector, bajo la tutela de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí y con la colaboración de organismos no gubernamentales y la empresa privada; utilizando los métodos de inducción-deducción, de campo y bibliográfica, además, técnicas como la encuesta y la entrevista, que en el primer caso contrasta los requerimientos establecidos en la leyes ecuatorianas con la realidad del área de influencia del estudio y en el segundo, las experiencias del funcionamiento de la Zona Franca de Manabí, obteniendo resultados prometedores de éxito en cuanto a la atracción de inversiones privadas, lo cual generará plazas de trabajo, mejores ingresos para la economía de la zona y mayor productividad basado el procesamiento de productos primarios para su exportación, pero que sin embargo, dependen en gran medida de las decisiones políticas y sobre todo económicas que para el efecto disponga el Estado. Palabras clave: competitividad; empleo; exportación; ingresos; producción. ABSTRACT This study was conceived with the purpose of analyzing compliance with the guidelines established by the competent government authority for the implementation of a Special Zone of Economic Development in the South zone of Manabí, in order to provide alternatives to mitigate the problems of lack of work and sources of income that so afflict the sector, under the tutelage of the State University of the South of Manabí and with the collaboration of non-governmental organizations and private companies; using the inductive / deductive, field and bibliographic methodologies, in addition, techniques such as the survey and the interview, which in the first case contrasts the requirements established in the Ecuadorian laws with the reality of the area of influence of the study and in the second, the experiences of the operation of the Manabí Free Trade Zone, obtaining promising results of success in attracting private investments, which will generate jobs, better incomes for the economy of the area and higher productivity based on the processing of primary products for its export, but that, however, depend to a large extent on the political and, above all, economic decisions made by the State for this purpose. Keywords: Competitiveness; Job; Export; Income; Production.

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13

Yücer, Ayçıl, and Jean-Marc Siroën. "Trade Performance of Export Processing Zones." World Economy 40, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 1012–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12395.

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14

Din, Musleh-ud. "Export processing zones and backward linkages." Journal of Development Economics 43, no. 2 (April 1994): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)90014-0.

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15

Johansson, Helena. "The Economics of Export Processing Zones Revisited." Development Policy Review 12, no. 4 (December 1994): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1994.tb00075.x.

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16

Dunn, Leith. "Export processing zones: A Caribbean development dilemma." Development in Practice 9, no. 5 (November 1999): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529952738.

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17

Yabuuchi, Shigemi. "Export Processing Zones, Backward Linkages and Unemployment." Journal of Economic Integration 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2003): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2003.18.2.360.

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18

Wu, Weixiao, Chang Hong, and Andrew Muhammad. "The Spillover effect of export processing zones." China Economic Review 63 (October 2020): 101478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101478.

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19

Yuan, Jing-dong, and Lorraine Eden. "Export Processing Zones in Asia: A Comparative Study." Asian Survey 32, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 1026–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645269.

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20

Dowla, Asif. "Export Processing Zones in Bangladesh: The Economic Impact." Asian Survey 37, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645530.

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21

Romero, Ana Teresa. "Export Processing Zones in Africa: Implications for Labour." Competition & Change 2, no. 4 (December 1997): 391–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102452949800200402.

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For many developing countries export processing zones (EPZs) are vital investment-promotion strategies. Even though most African EPZs have not attracted much investment, interest in developing them continues to grow. Over the years EPZs have acquired a bad image because of widespread reports of violations of national and international labour standards. The experiences of countries in other regions show that labour problems arise from an underestimation of the need to address the labour-related aspects of activities in EPZs, the non-observance of national labour standards, lack of social dialogue and weak supervisory institutions. There are signs that the conditions that have led to labour problems in other regions are being replicated in Africa, causing tensions in certain zones. The article argues that on-going efforts in different regions to deal with these problems hold useful lessons for EPZ host countries in Africa.

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22

Yuan, Jing-dong, and Lorraine Eden. "Export Processing Zones in Asia: A Comparative Study." Asian Survey 32, no. 11 (November 1992): 1026–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1992.32.11.00p0219o.

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23

Dowla, Asif. "Export Processing Zones in Bangladesh: The Economic Impact." Asian Survey 37, no. 6 (June 1997): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1997.37.6.01p0255w.

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24

Warr, Peter G. "EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES: The Economics of Enclave Manufacturing." World Bank Research Observer 4, no. 1 (1989): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/4.1.65.

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25

Reardon, Lawrence C. "The rise and decline of China's export processing zones." Journal of Contemporary China 5, no. 13 (November 1996): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670569608724256.

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26

TETSU, KAZUHIRO. "LOCATIONAL CHOICE FOR EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Singapore Economic Review 49, no. 02 (October 2004): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590804000871.

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Little attention has been given to the issue of the locational choice for EPZs, from a theoretical point of view, except by Miyagiwa (1993). In this paper, using a three-sector general equilibrium model with unemployment, we will examine theoretically the issue of where to locate EPZs. This model gives policy makers in developing countries four policy options. An interesting result is as follows: it reveals that attracting foreign firms which are more labor-intensive (capital-intensive) than the rural domestic firms into the rural-based EPZ is the best (worst) policy for developing countries.

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27

LU, Jinky Leilanie. "Manufacturing Work and Organizational Stresses in Export Processing Zones." Industrial Health 47, no. 5 (2009): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.47.543.

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28

Graham, Edward M. "Do export processing zones attract FDI and its benefits." International Economics and Economic Policy 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10368-003-0003-4.

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29

McCarthy, C. L. "Export processing zones as an element of export‐oriented and regional industrial development." Development Southern Africa 3, no. 3 (August 1986): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358608439249.

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30

Katiaj, Elisabeta. "Free Zone or Processing Area for Export." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p370-377.

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Some countries apply as primary fiscal facilities the "Free Zone"; some of them guarantee contract for investors, investor protection, the reduction of bureaucracies, the partial state capital, providing incentives for every employee and other promotional policies. In theory, the goal is very clear for their creation. The attraction of strategic investors, improvement of the technology, providing jobs, fast movement of goods and capital, increase of competitiveness, increase of economic cooperation between the border countries and other chain effects, lead with economic growth and development in a country. The last 8 years in Albania, have been approved 11 Decisions of the Council of Ministers, for the Establishment of Economic Free Zones that today is called: ”Technology Zone and Economic Development”. Some questions that will be treated in this topic, are based on the official data of the respective institutions. What are these decisions? What was the primary purpose of the 2008-2009 policy, where the development strategy was based on the free zones revolution? Who were the winners of these competitions? What extent is today in these areas of investment, what is the number of employees drawn up to date? Which could be a competitive bidding package for boosting foreign investment?

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31

Muheng, Wang, and Chen Yongshan. "On the Nature of Asian Export Processing Zones and China's Special Economic Zones." Chinese Economic Studies 19, no. 2 (December 1985): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-147519028.

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32

TSUI, KAI YUEN. "WELFARE EFFECTS AND OPTIMAL INCENTIVE PACKAGE OF EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES." International Economic Journal 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739300080014.

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Jayanthakumaran, Kankesu. "Performance and Prospects of Export Processing Zones: Asia an update." Journal of Comparative Asian Development 5, no. 2 (September 2006): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15339114.2006.9678433.

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34

Shamsie, Yasmine. "Export processing zones: The purported glimmer in Haiti's development murk." Review of International Political Economy 16, no. 4 (October 22, 2009): 649–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290802477670.

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35

Cling, Jean-Pierre, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud. "Export processing zones in Madagascar: a success story under threat?" World Development 33, no. 5 (May 2005): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.01.007.

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36

Schrank, Andrew. "Export Processing Zones in the Dominican Republic: Schools or Stopgaps?" World Development 36, no. 8 (August 2008): 1381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.08.005.

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37

Kumar, Rajiv. "Performance of foreign and domestic firms in export processing zones." World Development 15, no. 10-11 (October 1987): 1309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(87)90126-4.

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38

Nel, EL. "Export processing zones: International experience and applicability in South Africa." Development Southern Africa 11, no. 1 (February 1994): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359408439732.

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39

Yabuuchi, Shigemi. "Export Processing Zones, Backward Linkages, and Variable Returns to Scale." Review of Development Economics 4, no. 3 (October 2000): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00094.

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40

JAYANTHAKUMARAN, K., and JOHN WEISS. "Export Processing Zones in Sri Lanka: A Cost-Benefit Appraisal." Journal of International Development 9, no. 5 (July 1997): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199707)9:5<727::aid-jid272>3.0.co;2-t.

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41

Asgharizadeh, Ezzatollah, Mehdi Ajalli, and Mansoor Momeni. "Comparison of Economic Performance of Three Trade Free Zones in Iran (Kish, Gheshm, Chabahar)." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v3i1.p248-257.

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Free zones (Export Processing Regions) with their special Functions including assisting export development and making new job opportunities can be of major help to economy of countries. Present paper aims at comparing economic performance of three free trade zones of Iran, Kish, Gheshm and Chabahar during first ten years of their activities (1973 to 2004) using four techniques of operational research, SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), TOPSIS (Technique for Order-Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), ELECTEER (Elimination et Choice Translating Reading) and Taxonomy and taking economic goals of these zones as indices. To this end, economic goals of these zones, that is attracting foreign and internal investment, making new job opportunities, enhancing value of export from these zones and their ability to attract internal and foreign tourists were considered as research indices. Results obtained showed that free zone of Gheshm had a better performance compared to two other zones and this is due to significant difference of its export value compared to other zones, with regard to the available statistics and the said indices. Kish and Chabahar respectively followed it.

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42

Van Hieu, Vu. "ACCESS TO CHILDREN EDUCATION IN MIGRANT WORKERS IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES IN HO CHI MINH CITY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13932.

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Children in families migrate more barriers to access to education services. The study showed access to information, access to support, and factors affecting childrens access to migrant workers in industrial parks, export processing zones in Ho Chi Minh city.

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Romero, Ana Teresa. "Labour Standards and Export Processing Zones: Situation and Pressures for Change." Development Policy Review 13, no. 3 (September 1995): 247–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1995.tb00093.x.

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Tetsu, Kazuhiro. "Regional development and rural-based export processing zones in developing countries." International Economic Journal 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168730600879448.

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Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich S. "The political economy of export processing zones (EPZs) in developing countries." Natural Resources Forum 17, no. 4 (November 1993): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1993.tb00187.x.

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Schrank, Andrew. "Export Processing Zones: Free Market Islands or Bridges to Structural Transformation?" Development Policy Review 19, no. 2 (June 2001): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7679.00132.

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Picarelli, Nathalie. "Who really benefits from export processing zones? Evidence from Nicaraguan municipalities." Labour Economics 41 (August 2016): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2016.05.016.

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Kaplinsky, Raphael. "Export Processing Zones in the Dominican Republic: Transforming manufactures into commodities." World Development 21, no. 11 (November 1993): 1851–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(93)90087-p.

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Willmore, Larry. "Export processing zones in the Dominican Republic: A comment on Kaplinsky." World Development 23, no. 3 (March 1995): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(94)00140-t.

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ROLFE, ROBERT J., DOUGLAS P. WOODWARD, and BERNARD KAGIRA. "FOOTLOOSE AND TAX FREE: INCENTIVE PREFERENCES IN KENYAN EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES." South African Journal of Economics 72, no. 4 (July 6, 2005): 784–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2004.tb00134.x.

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