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1

Favaro, Edgardo. Export promotion and economic growth. Centro de Estudio de la Realidad Económica y Social, 1989.

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2

Mengistae, Taye. Export orientation and productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 2002.

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3

Céspedes, Ennio Rodríguez. Costa Rica: Policies and conditions for export diversification. UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1998.

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4

János, Gács, ed. Beruházási rendszer, exportfejlesztés, importhelyettesités: Tanulmánykötet. Konjunktúra- és Piackutató Intézet, 1986.

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5

Sapelli, Claudio. Export promotion and economic growth: Executive summary. ICS Press, 1989.

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6

Céspedes, Ennio Rodríguez. Costa Rica: Policies and conditions for export diversification. UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1998.

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7

Williams, Glen. Not for export: The international competitiveness of Canadian manufacturing. 3rd ed. McClelland and Stewart, 1994.

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8

Williams, Glen. Not for export: Toward a political economy of Canada's arrested industrialization. McClelland and Stewart, 1986.

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9

Blonigen, Bruce A. In search of substitution between foreign production and exports. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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10

Rudnyeva, Anastasiya, Artem Altuhov, Natal'ya Butenko, et al. Russia's foreign trade under sanctions. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2157182.

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The monograph is devoted to the assessment of quantitative and qualitative indicators of Russia's foreign trade under the influence of the sanctions shocks. The change in the commodity and the geographical structure is considered in the context of the profound transformation of the entire economic mechanism, which is based on the mobilization of own resources and the search for new areas of strategic partnership. The article analyzes the state, dynamics and prospects of development of various industries, including the defense industry complex, in the context of modern challenges and threats, from the perspective of not only risks, but also the opportunities for the development of domestic production, including in the context of import substitution, and increasing export potential of the country.
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11

López, Carlos Riojas. Industria y estrategia económica en México, 1877-1992: El caso de Jalisco. Universidad de Guadalajara, 1999.

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12

Châu, Lê. La problemática regional en América Latina. Editorial Horizonte, 1987.

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13

Afonso, Tarcisio. Import substitution and exports expansion in Brazil's manufacturing sector, 1970-1980: An input-output study. Garland Publ., 1991.

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14

Adhikari, Ramesh. Manufacturing industries in developing countries: An economic efficiency analysis of Nepal. Avebury, 1988.

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15

Céspedes, Ennio Rodríguez. Costa Rica: A development path in the 1990s. North-South Institute, 1993.

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16

Bentivogli, Chiara. International transmission via trade links: Theoretically consistent indicators of interdependence for Latin America and South-East Asia. Banca d'Italia, 2001.

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17

FAO Expert Consultation on the Substitution of Imported Concentrate Feeds in Animal Production Systems in Developing Countries (1985 FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific). Proceedings of the FAO Expert Consultation on the Substitution of Imported Concentrate Feeds in Animal Production Systems in Developing Countries: Held in the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 9-13 September 1985. Edited by Sansoucy R, Preston T. R, Leng R. A, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1987.

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18

Pitfalls of Protectionism: Import Substitution vs. Export-Oriented Industrial Policy. International Monetary Fund, 2024.

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19

Pitfalls of Protectionism: Import Substitution vs. Export-Oriented Industrial Policy. International Monetary Fund, 2024.

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20

Pitfalls of Protectionism: Import Substitution vs. Export-Oriented Industrial Policy. International Monetary Fund, 2024.

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21

Pattillo, Catherine A., and Taye Mengistae. Export Orientation and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, 2002.

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22

Pattillo, Catherine A., and Taye Mengistae. Export Orientation and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, 2002.

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23

Pattillo, Catherine A., and Taye Mengistae. Export Orientation and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Monetary Fund, 2002.

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24

Baer, Werner. Brazil’s Import-Substitution Industrialization. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.5.

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This chapter examines the development of Brazil’s inward-oriented industrialization strategy, commonly termed “import-substitution industrialization” (ISI). Originating in the 1930s under the corporatist administration of Getúlio Vargas, by the 1960s the strategy had succeeded in transforming the structure of the Brazilian economy, turning it into a major industrial powerhouse. Successful though the strategy initially was in promoting growth and structural change, it nevertheless suffered from inherent flaws, notably its heavy reliance on imported inputs and a failure to produce and export efficient industrial sector. This chapter considers the achievements and failings of ISI in some detail and also discusses the results of attempts to reintroduce the strategy on a limited scale in the first decade of the 2000s.
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25

Industrialization in Malaysia: Import substitution and infant industry performance. Routledge, 1996.

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26

Kalantzakos, Sophia. How China Came to Dominate the Rare Earth Industry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670931.003.0005.

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Once a leader in the production and trading of rare earths, the United States relinquished the reins to China in the 1990s. The People’s Republic of China declared rare earths “protected and strategic materials” and proceeded to control production and processing, introduced export quotas, and sought to dominate the supply chain for crucial applications. It also made investments in mines worldwide. The 2010 crisis caused a parabolic rise in prices, leading the United States, the European Union, and Japan to file a complaint against China at the World Trade Organization, in 2012, and to launch trilateral cooperation workshops, starting in 2011, to promote recycling, substitution, and innovation. China lost its WTO appeal and removed the export quotas in May 2015. The market corrected itself, and it may seem today that China lost an initial battle; but closer examination indicates that it may not have lost the war.
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27

Moran, Theodore H. The Role of the State in Harnessing Trade-and-Investment for Development Purposes. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.40.

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This article focuses on the role of the state in utilizing foreign direct investment (FDI) to achieve development. It begins by considering the benefits and dangers from trade-and-investment flows before turning to the long-standing debate about the merits of export-led growth vs. inward import substitution as a development strategy. It then examines whether the liberalization of trade-and-investment enhances economic growth, particularly in developing countries. The article also discusses “structural transformation” and its implications for labor-market policies; the importance of forced technology transfer in creating national champion firms; the role of an explicit industrial policy in today’s developmental state; and whether developing countries need more “policy space” for trade-and-investment policy than what they are entitled to under free trade agreements, bilateral investment treaties, and the World Trade Organization. Finally, it assesses the politics underlying the use of FDI to develop internationally competitive manufacturing industries in the host country.
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28

Nair, Aruna. Rules of Tracing I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813408.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the rules that apply when tracing against a wrongdoer, or a recipient from a wrongdoer. It argues that the law employs a principle of subordination of wrongdoers in three distinct contexts. First, there is an evidential principle that sometimes assists a claimant when there are evidential gaps in the transactional history of an asset. Secondly, there is a distinct substantive principle that subordinates the interests, and intentions, of a wrongdoer when entering into transactions that exploit the claimant's legal vulnerability to his decision-making. This principle, limited by the principle of preserving defendant autonomy, explains which transactions qualify as clean substitutions and why the law has limited the possibility of tracing through the payment of debts. Finally, in the context of mixed substitutions, there is a special application of the principle of subordination in the form of the cherry-picking rule.
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29

Radner, Hilary, and Alistair Fox. Spectators, Dispositifs, and the Cinematic Body. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422888.003.0010.

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Raymond Bellour explains why he returned to a preoccupation with cinema in general, and the spectator in particular, and how he came to write Le Corps du cinéma, emphasizing his interest in the diverse dispositifs represented by Foucault’s Panopticon on one hand, and by the phenomena of panoramas and phantasmagorias on the other. He describes how his discovery of Daniel Stern’s The Interpersonal World of the Infant marked a critical turning point, leading him to explore an analogy between the infant and a spectator watching a film in the cinema – an analogy that enabled him to break with the psychoanalytic model, reflected in his eventual substitution of the notion of the body for that of the text.
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30

Crompton, Rod, Midesh Sing, Vernon Filter, and Nonhlanhla Msimango. Petrol price regulation in South Africa: Is it meeting its intended objectives? UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/897-9.

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The South African liquid fuels industry is a significant part of the economy. Historically, government policy focused on import substitution industrialization to support industry margins. This approach is called into question by the 2006 shift from net exports to imports and by inflated downstream regulated margins. This study focuses on the regulated petrol price. Import parity pricing regulation has not kept pace with market changes. A policy shift in 1998 towards market-related pricing has not materialized. Instead, regulated margins have increased over the last 20 years in real terms, partly attributable to methodological errors in the regulatory accounting system. The long-term excess of service stations persists despite declining petrol and diesel volumes between 2005 and 2019. Estimates suggest that the petrol price could be lower by 0.70–0.80 rands/litre. Price deregulation is inhibited by political regulation and social policies entangled in regulation.
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31

Hamilton, Kirk, John Hartwick, Kirk Hamilton, and John Hartwick. Wealth and Sustainability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0015.

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In 1974, it was a live question whether the exhaustion of natural resources, such as oil, would necessarily lead to the decline of economic activity. Solow showed that constant levels of consumption could be sustained if there is sufficient substitutability between produced and natural factors of production. Hartwick then proved that underpinning this result is a saving rule—set investment in produced capital equal to the value of resource depletion at each point in time. A large literature has shown that a comprehensive measure of the change in real wealth—net saving—plays a central role in determining whether current well-being can be sustained. The current composition of wealth serves to define the policy challenges that countries face in achieving sustainable development. If substitution possibilities are limited between natural and other factors of production, as one might expect, then technical progress is a necessary complement to policies for sustainability.
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32

Webb, Lois Sinaiko, and Lindsay Grace Roten. The Multicultural Cookbook for Students. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400688171.

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An updated and revised edition of the much-requested global cookbook designed to introduce students to worldwide foodways. When it was first published, The Multicultural Cookbook for Students was widely acclaimed for its unique way of introducing students both to world cultures and to the kitchen. Now, that landmark volume returns in a thoroughly revised and expanded new edition, offering an even richer culinary tour of the planet with more delectable stops along the way. The Multicultural Cookbook for Students: Updated and Revised offers hundreds of recipes from over 150 countries—including 140 new recipes to this edition. Recipes are arranged geographically by region, then country of origin. For each country, the book offers one to three recipes as well as a brief introduction to that location's geography, history, and culinary traditions. Students will not only enjoy deliciously diverse eating, they will understand why these dishes are representative of the countries they originate from. They will also get expert training in the ways of the kitchen, with easy-to-follow recipe instructions, and advice on safety, cooking equipment, and appropriate substitutions for more exotic ingredients.
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33

Patibandla, Murali. International Trade and Investment Behaviour of Firms. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190126865.001.0001.

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During last four decades the world has been significantly impacted by globalization and rapid technological changes. This in turn had major effects on the global economy. Several developing and socialist economies that earlier followed closed door and import substitution policies started to open their economies to world trade and investments. Some such countries, as India, managed to achieve a degree of economic prosperity over the last few years after opening their economy. The analyses in this book show that there are significant benefits from international trade and investment to emerging economies that possess critical-level initial conditions in technology, infrastructure, and ease of doing business, and have friendly policies. Focusing on Indian firms, the book spans the period from the pre-reform era to the post-reform era, when the market was responding to policy reforms and global market dynamics. It analyses firm-level behaviour with systematic theory and corresponding rigorous econometrics and qualitative information from field study across the country. In the Pre-reforms era, it was mostly small and medium scale firms that contributed to exports while most large firms were inward oriented in search of monopoly profits. This changed significant in the Post-reform era owing increased competitive conditions especially multinational firms. Large firms started to play important role in international trade and investment behaviour by acquiring world class technology and organizational practices.
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34

Khlestkina, E. K. KOTLAS AS A CONTACT ZONE : RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS FOR THE ARCTIC AND ABOUT THE ARCTIC. N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/978-5-907145-85-6.

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Hereby we present the program and abstracts of the scientific conference "Kotlas as a contact zone: Russian scientists for the Arctic and about the Arctic", which was held on April 13–15, 2022 in the Arkhangelsk Region as part of the first interregional AgroForum "From Science to Practice" dedicated to the 105th anniversary of Kotlas (hereinafter referred to as the Event/Conference). The Governor of the Arkhangelsk Region A.V. Tsybulsky signed an Agreement on scientific cooperation with the Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) (Director, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences E.K. Khlestkina). This marks a transition to a new stage of joint activities. It is associated with the development of import substitution in agriculture. The features of farming in the conditions of the north will be studied in cooperation with VIR to enable farmers and agricultural producers implement the results of the research work performed at VIR in practice. The main goal of the Conference was the introduction of scientific achievements of Russian scientists into practice and the popularization of science. The main issues covered by the Conference were the interdisciplinary research of the northern territories, northern agriculture, genetic technologies and plant genetic resources for the development of northern agriculture, inventory of crop wild relatives in the Arctic and the Subarctic, the state of the art of breeding and seed production in the northern regions, priority areas of agronomic research, forage grasses and potato breeding, as well as the adaptation of agriculture in the northern territories to climate warming. A special attention at a meeting held after the Conference was given to personal subsidiary farming in the conditions of the north; the scientists spoke about vegetable, fruit and berry crops growing, seed purchases, and healthy nutrition. Addressed to a wide circle of experts in the sphere of education and agriculture, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, young scientists, horticulturists and amateur gardeners. Abstracts are published in the authors' initial versions. The authors (co-authors) of the published abstracts are responsible for the impartiality and reliability of the data presented.
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