Academic literature on the topic 'Exportations – Vietnam'

The European Union - Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), which officially came into play on August 1, 2020, is one of the latest endeavors of Vietnam regarding the international integration process and is expected to create a great boost for Vietnamese exports to the EU. Footwear, one of the Vietnamese key export products, is also inevitably affected by this agreement. This study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of the EVFTA on the growth of Vietnam footwear exportation to the EU market by quantitative analysis method through the SMART model based on the database of trade and tariffs between Vietnam - EU and under a scenario in which tariffs are reduced to 0% once the EVFTA comes into force. The authors have collected, synthesized, and analyzed secondary data from trustworthy sources, and conducted in-depth interviews with professional experts who have been working for several years in the international integration field. Results from the study show that the EU's removal of import tariffs on Vietnamese footwear products under EVFTA not only increases Vietnamese export value but also makes these products more competitive than those of competitors, even domestic manufacturers in the EU. Some implications, therefore, are suggested to promote Vietnamese footwear exportation to the EU market in the coming time.

The gravity model was used in this paper to clarify the influencing factors of the export value of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for Vietnam from 2003 to 2017. The estimates of this model indicate the importance of the size of economies, distance, common borders, exchange rates, average forest area, the natural forest closing (NFC) policy of the Vietnamese government, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, and the interaction of SPS and importers’ GDP (SPS–GDP) as determinants of Vietnam’s NTFP exports. The main result of this study is the distinct and contradictory effects of the NFC policy and SPS measures. While the NFC policy increases the value of Vietnam’s NTFP exports, SPS measures significantly decrease the exportation. Using the SPS–GDP interaction variable yields a noticeable result: the negative impact of SPS on NTFP trade decreases with increasing income of NTFP importers. Furthermore, the NFC needs to continue to implement policies to increase investments in the NTFP trade and increase the quality of NTFPs from planting, to harvesting, to processing to meet the requirements of future importers. The findings offer several implications both in theory and in practice for trade policies and economic development theory based on Vietnam’s forest resources.

In recent decades, Vietnamese labeling and packaging has been widely recognized as being one of the fastest developing industries in Vietnam, supported by the tremendous demand of domestic production and the exportation of its packaged goods. The emerging packaging technology trends and the participation of foreign direct investment (FDI) companies have led to fierce competition between all packaging enterprises in Vietnam. This paper aims to calculate the productivity performance of 10 packaging companies in Vietnam from the past to the future by combining the additive Holt-Winters (LTS(A,A,A)) model to predict key variables in the financial statement for the next 4 years (2020–2023) and an epsilon-based measure of efficiency (EBM) model of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to define the developing trend, efficiency, and ranking of packaging operations. The empirical results will assist packaging enterprises to identify their positions, suggest feasible solutions to overcome shortcomings and catch up with the global trends, and propose superior partnerships for manufacturers, which have packaging service demands and support investment decisions for investors. Overall, all the enterprises in the packaging industry have high productivity. In particular, SIVICO JSC is identified as the most efficient packaging company in Vietnam, as it continuously maintains the first ranking over the observation time, followed by Agriculture Printing & Packing JSC and Bien Hoa Packaging Company. In the past, Tan Dai Hung Plastic JSC was identified as the most unproductive unit, while in the future term, the inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) are Tan Tien Plastic Packaging JSC, Sai Gon Packaging JSC, Dong A JSC, and PetroVietnam Packaging JSC. The suggestion for incompetent enterprises is changing the value of inputs proportionally to optimize for better performance.

This research aims to build a specific logistics model for tuna loin business based on Central Sulawesi resources as a productive supplier for exportation. Four countries are considered as export destinations. They are Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, and Vietnam. We have identified a logistics process in which frozen tuna loin flow from factory to the port of Tolitoli, Palu, Bitung, and Makassar, and from these ports commodities are transported only to one transhipment of Surabaya. The four destinations receive tuna loin from this transhipment. Based on our model, the allocation of tuna loin passing through the port of Tolitoli amounted to 37.9 tons, the port of Bitung and Palu 12.5 tons, and the port of Makassar 12.1 tons. The closer the distance from factory to collector port and from transhipment to export destination, the lower the optimal logistics costs.

International market selection for conducting exports is based on various trade and economic factors. It is very important to understand how to efficiently trade with another country and to maintain consistency. However, such a consistency is not possible in the case of economics. Therefore, using an efficiency measure helps us to explore and benchmark a country’s exportation businesses. The main goal of this study is to develop an integrated data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to explore the most productive manner through which Vietnam exports goods to other countries. Exploring the most productive export business will help us achieve another goal of this study, which is the selection of international market efficiencies. The variables used for this analysis include the exports, total exports, import tariff, dollar exchange, and the ease of doing business. Based on the data collected from an international organization, on the 15 leading export markets in Vietnam, this study applied integrated DEA, which combines the super slack-based measure (Super SBM) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) analysis to evaluate the export market efficiency. The findings show that for the selection of the export market, the three countries that were the most consistently efficient during 2014–2017 were Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States. This study indicates that the selection of international markets for developing countries should comply with low tariff rates, low exchange rates, and a higher ease of doing business in order to improve the gross domestic product (GDP) and economy of the country.

Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a popular food in many countries around the world as well as Vietnam, at the same time, Pangasius (catfish) also brings great economic benefits from the exportation. However, unplanned catfish farming leads to environmental degradation. Fish farming is more susceptible to disease and consumes more water. Feed for fish is only partially used, the rest is released into the environment. The industrial feeds with high nutrient content, especially those rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P), are the strongest contributors to the water index. Thus, within high volume and high pollution levels of wastes from catfish pond which has had a great impact on the water environment, negatively affecting the catfish farming and the community. Modeling is a solution that helps to better control the biological processes in the pond, optimizes feed supply and water use. Modeling has many advantages compares to the real research because the cost is too expensive; requires too long time; does not affect to production or endangers to persons and equipment. In some cases, it is not possible to do experiments on real systems. Therefore, the application of the modelling is a suitable way to identify and control biological processes in catfish ponds. This research will study the plankton development processes taking place in catfish ponds by modeling using Matlab software to simulate the nutrition and development processes of fish in catfish ponds. These equations were solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and coded in the Matlab programming language.As a result, the plankton development processes of pangasius pond is simulated includes (green algae, cyanobacteria, diatoms), (the ratio of nitrogen content in green algae, cyanobacteria, diatoms), (the ratio of phosphorus content in green algae, cyanobacteria, diatoms) at different temperatures 28, 30oC.

International trade, which is the exchange of capital, goods and services across international borders or territories, has contributed to the rapid global economic growth in recent decades. In Southeast Asia, the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian (ASEAN) Free Trade Area and the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community have benefited Thai entrepreneurs and other member countries’ as nearly all import restrictions are removed and market entry barriers lowered. The ASEAN is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region; and comprises 10 member states: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Specifically, this research has explored the possible economic impacts of trade liberalization and improved connectivity on Thailand’s exportation of 23 vegetable product groups to the ASEAN member states (AMSs) using the Revealed Comparative Advantage and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage indices based on the 2009-2013 datasets. In the analysis, the indices were applied to the 14 fresh and 9 preserved vegetable product groups from 15 countries (i.e. AMSs, Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, the USA) to determine their comparative advantages. The dendrogram was used to cluster the countries with regard to their ability to export the fresh and preserved vegetable products. In addition, the Boston Consulting Group matrix was utilized to determine the relative market positions of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetables. The analysis results identified four each of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetable product groups with high comparative advantage in the ASEAN market.

This study aims to appraise the potential impacts of the European Union – Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) on Vietnam’s agricultural exports to the European Union (EU). The authors apply the SMART model to quantitatively estimate how tariff elimination under this agreement affects trade value between 2 parties, with the base year of 2018. By simulating the zero-rate tariff scenario for 17 2-digit HS codes of agricultural goods, the authors analyze the total change in export, trade creation, and trade diversion effects of the whole sector. The 4 important product groups that witnessed the highest change, including HS 04 (dairy produce, birds’ eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin), HS 08 (edible fruit and nuts, peel of citrus fruit or melons), HS 09 (coffee, tea, maté, and spices) and HS 20 (preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants) are further classified into products with 4-6-digit HS codes to find out the specific product lines that benefit the most. The SMART outputs reveal that EVFTA positively affects the export of agricultural products from Vietnam to the EU market, with trade diversion dominating trade creation effects. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed to the state authorities as well as domestic enterprises to promote the export of farm produce.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o comportamento dos principais indicadores de comércio exterior do complexo cafeeiro brasileiro entre 1990 e 2007. O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador mundial de café e seu maior rival internacional é o Vietnã. O problema a ser estudado trata da evolução da competitividade - ganhos e perdas - do café brasileiro no período. O estudo discute os fundamentos econômicos sobre o comércio internacional,os indicadores internacionais de competitividade e caracteriza a dinâmica do complexo cafeeiro brasileiro. O problema a ser estudado é a evolução da competitividade, de forma a verificar ganhos e perdas de participação no comércio exterior, a partir de indicadores de comércio. Os procedimentosmetodológicos utilizados para verificar a existência de vantagens e analisar os indicadores de comércio exterior são o modelo Constant Market Share e as vantagens competitivas reveladas simétricas (CRVS) do café brasileiro (verde, torrado, solúvel e especial) em relação aos países concorrentes. Discutem-se as barreiras às importações impostas ao café brasileiro pelos países importadores e as possíveis políticas públicas e privadas favoráveis à competitividade das exportações de café. O artigo verifica a existência de vantagens e os principaisindicadores de comércio exterior sinalizam a expansão das exportações. O estudo conclui que o complexo cafeeiro é competitivo, especializado na exportação de café verde e tem baixa participação nos mercados de café torrado, solúvel e bebidas que contém café.Competitiveness in the cofee industry: an analysis from the market share and simetric revealed comparative advantageAbstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the behavior of the main indicators of foreign trade in Brazilian coffee industry between 1990 and 2007. Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee and Vietnam is the major rival in international market. The research problem to be studied is the evolution of competitiveness of Brazilian coffee, in order to verify gains and losses in foreign trade. The study discusses the fundamentals internationaltrade, international competitiveness indicators and characterized the dynamics of Brazilian coffee complex. The research objective is to verify the existence of competitive advantage in exports of coffee complex. The methodological procedures used to verify the advantages and analyzethe indicators of foreign trade are the Constant Market Share model and revealed symmetric competitive advantage (RSCAs) of Brazilian coffee (green, roasted, soluble and special) in relation to competing countries. We discuss the import barriers imposed on Brazilian coffee by importing countries and the possible public and private policies conducive to competitiveness of exports of coffee. The article notes that there are advantages and the main indicators of foreign trade indicate the expansion of exports. The study concludes that coffee is competitive and specializedin the export of green coffee and has low participation in the markets for roasted coffee, soluble and drinks containing coffee.Key-words: international trade; competitiveness; exportations coffee.JEL: F10; F17; F19.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre la performance des PME à l’exportation dans le contexte des pays en transition. Partant d’une synthèse de l’ensemble des connaissances développées sur la performance à l’exportation des PME, nous avons ensuite réalisé une enquête par questionnaire sur 231 PME exportatrices vietnamiennes pour arriver enfin à créer une chaîne de déterminants de la performance des PME à l’exportation. La chaîne commence par le rôle majeur du dirigeant des PME. L’exportation demande aux dirigeants de prendre des risques, des initiatives pour devancer les concurrents sur les marchés étrangers. Ce profil entrepreneurial du dirigeant favorise la capacité d’innovation, le savoir-faire à l’exportation des PME qui créent ensuite des avantages marketing à l’exportation, que ce soit un avantage produit ou un avantage de mise en marché. Les avantages marketing déterminent directement la performance des PME à l’exportation. Cette recherche montre aussi qu’une utilisation conjointe de la performance objective et de la performance subjective est possible car une corrélation a été trouvée entre ces deux mesures. Enfin, l’environnement joue un rôle facilitateur : des conditions favorables à l’exportation créées par les pouvoirs publics contribuent au développement des PME exportatrices
The aim of this research is to better understand the export performance of SMEs in the context of transition countries. Starting with a review of the relevant literature on export performance of SMEs and followed by a survey of 231 Vietnamese SMEs in exporting business, we finally created a chain of determinants for the export performance of SMEs. The chain begins with the very important role of the leader in SMEs. The business of export demands that the leaders take risks and initiatives to stay ahead of competitors in the foreign markets. This entrepreneurial profile of leader encourages innovation and the know-how of SME export; this in result creates marketing advantages of either the product type or that of market type. The marketing advantages directly determine the export performance of SMEs. This research also shows that the combined use of objective performance and subjective performance is possible as we found a correlation between these two measures. Finally, the encouragement of environment expressed by the setting of favorable conditions also influences the export performance of the SMEs

Cette thèse vise à examiner les impacts de la performance environnementale sur la performance économique des PME Vietnamiennes. En outre, cette thèse développe également un modèle théorique de taxation sur les émissions de la firme, la corruption et les connexions politiques. Le chapitre 2 examine les effets de la synergie entre la conformité environnementale, l’innovation, et les activités d’exportation sur la Productivité Totale des Facteurs (PTF) des firmes. Cette étude montre que la relation entre la conformité environnementale et l’innovation de produit est complémentaire dans l’explication de la PTF de la firme. Elle montre également que l’impact de la synergie des activités d’exportation et de la conformité environnementale peut être influencé par l’innovation. Le chapitre 3 présente l’impact de ces synergies sur la capacité de survie de la firme. Ce travail montre que la relation entre la conformité environnementale et les activités d’exportation est complémentaire pour améliorer la survie des firmes. La survivabilité des entreprises peut également être affectée par la conformité environnementale de façon séparée. Le chapitre 4 étudie l’impact de la conformité environnementale sur la convergence de la productivité des firmes. Les conclusions indiquent que la conformité environnementale pourrait ne pas affecter directement cette convergence; cet impact peut devenir significatif seulement si cette conformité s’accompagne d’innovation. Enfin, dans le chapitre 5, nous développons un modèle théorique sur la relation entre la taxation sur les émissions, le niveau d’émissions et les incitations à verser des pots-de-vins ou à développer des connexions politiques. Les résultats montrent que le lien entre la firme et la sphère politique peut avoir une incidence sur l’efficacité des taxes sur les émissions. Nous constatons également que les effets de la taxation sur la corruption et les connexions politiques sont non-monotones, et dépendent du mécanisme d’audit et de pénalité, de la sensibilité du profit de la firme et des coûts de la connexion politique
This thesis aims to examine the impacts of environmental performance on economic performance of firms which apply to Vietnamese SMEs. In addition, this thesis also develops a theoretical model of tax on firm’s emissions, bribery, and political connection. Chapter 2 examines the synergy effects of environmental compliance, innovation, and export activities on firm TFP. This study finds that the synergy of environmental compliance and product innovation is complementary in explaining firm’s TFP. In addition, the impact of the synergy of export activities and environmental compliance may be influenced by innovation. Chapter 3 presents the impact of these synergies on firm’s survivability. This work reveals that the synergy between environmental compliance and export activities is complementary in enhancing firm survival. The latter may be also affected by separated environmental compliance. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of environmental compliance on firm’s productivity convergence. Its findings indicate that environmental compliance may not directly affect this convergence. This impact may become to be significant if this compliance is accompanied by innovation. Finally, in Chapter 5, we develop a theoretical model of the relationship between emission tax, emissions and willingness to commit bribery and to maintain political connection of firms. The result points out that firm’s political connection canaffect emission tax efficiency. Furthermore, the impacts of tax on bribery and political connection are non-monotonous, depending upon the nature of audit and penalty mechanism, sensitivity of firm’s profit and political connection costs

碩士
樹德科技大學
金融與風險管理系碩士班
99
Today, the food safety hygiene is listed in the list of matters of primary concern. In particular, the traceability of products, Global GAP standards, MRLs standards on maximum residue levels allowed, BRC standards for harvesting ... Issues of ethics and the environment are also set for the manufacturers and suppliers. The EU is the strict market. It will be further complicated by too many rules. The stricter standard will revolve around the food safety hygiene, corporate social responsibility… The obstacle to the export of Vietnam’s fruits is now maintaining quality to these distant markets. For example, the dragon fruit to the EU takes 15 days, then sold in supermarkets take 7-10 days. Total time dragon fruit to the consumer takes 25 days while maintaining this kind of quality within 20 days. If transported by air, the cost is higher than transport by sea. To solve this problem, Vietnam should have the good chain store distribution to shorten the shipping time. Vietnam''s fruits have a lot of opportunities in Europe and the U.S. market. Because Vietnam could grow some tropical fruits throughout the year such as dragon fruit, grapefruit, mango, labels ... which are strange fruits and appeal to consumers. However, to succeed in these markets, Vietnam’s fruits have to meet the standard requirements and market needs such as monitoring the traceability of products, meeting the number of export and having the efficient distribution system. That is the reason that I have chosen topics “A study on Affecting Factors in the Exportation of Dragon Fruit Industry in Vietnam - A case of Hoang Hau Company” for my thesis. In this paper, I try to explore on affecting factors in the exportation of dragon fruits to the Europe Union market. I have conducted the research on basis of interviewing experts and head persons of departments. I have applied the surveys to collect data and the expertise method to process data and draw out some findings or conclusions.