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Journal articles on the topic 'Exposed Bone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 25 June 2025

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1

Puja, Priyadarshini. "A Prospective Study: To Evaluate the Efficacy of VAC in the Management of Wounds with Exposed Bones/Tendons in Children." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 15, no. 11 (2023): 495–500. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11581641.

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AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of VAC in the management of wounds withexposed bones/tendons in children.Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Plastic Surgery forthe period of one year. VAC dressing was used in 50 patients.Results: Out of 50 patients, 34 were male and 16 were females with the patients had a mean age of 8.4 years.Road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury (56%), with most of the wounds located overextremities. The most common site of wounds in our study was legs, presents in 12 patients (24%) followed bythigh in 8 patients (16%) and foot in 6 patients (12%) making the lower limb the most common area of the bodyinvolved. In our study road traffic accidents (RTA) comprised the most common mode of injury present in 16patients (32%) followed by necrotizing fasciitis in 12 patients (24%) and fall from height in 10 patients (20%).In our study number of VAC dressing changes ranged from 1 to 6 with majority of the patients i.e., 24 (48%)required two VAC dressing changes before definitive wound coverage. The most common post VAC procedurein our study was STSG done in 40 patients (80%) followed by various local, regional or distant flap covers in 5patients (10%). Most common complication in study patients while being on VAC therapy was feeling of pain,which was present in 24 patients (30%). Maximum no. of patients 34 (68%) in study had a hospital stay ofbetween 10- 19 days followed 11 patients (22%) with 20-29 days.Conclusion: In conclusion, our study supports the VAC therapy as a relatively atraumatic technique to managesoft tissue defects in complex extremity wounds in pediatric patients. The VAC therapy proved to be aneffective, safe, cost effective, easy to learn, and simple technique that managed the complex soft tissue defectsin children without the morbidity and complications associated with flap procedures.

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2

Rai, A., A. Jain, and M. Khan. "Completely exposed nasal bone." Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 118, no. 6 (2017): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2017.08.003.

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3

LIM, ROMEO Y. "Carotodynia Exposed: Hyoid Bone Syndrome." Southern Medical Journal 80, no. 4 (1987): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198704000-00009.

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4

Siegel, Michael A., Cesar A. Migliorati, Ines Velez, and Mark Forrest. "Exposed bone in the palate." Journal of the American Dental Association 138, no. 10 (2007): 1341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0049.

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5

Brant, Jeannine M., Pamela Hallquist Viale, and Albert Lin. "Exposed Bone in Oral Cavities." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 9, no. 3 (2005): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/05.cjon.355-357.

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6

Beck-Broichsitter, Benedicta E., Wolfram Klapper, Andreas Günther, Jörg Wiltfang, and Stephan T. Becker. "Gingival ulceration and exposed bone." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 115, no. 3 (2013): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2011.12.010.

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7

Chiu, Tor, Jacinth Seto, and Andrew Burd. "Letter: Management of exposed skull bone." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 62, no. 2 (2009): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2008.08.044.

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8

Lončar Brzak, Božana, Vanja Vučičević Boras, Ana Kotarac Knežević, Mato Sušić, Sven Seiwerth, and Dragana Gabrić. "Idiopathic Exposed Bone Lesions of the Jaw." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7020055.

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Introduction: Osteonecrosis of the jaw is defined as exposed bone in the oral cavity that does not heal longer than eight weeks after identification. The two most common predisposing factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw are medication-related and radiotherapy. Rarely, exposed bone in the maxillofacial region can occur due to other causes and represents a clinical and therapeutic challenge for the dentist because there is no universally accepted treatment protocol. Case presentation: We report a case of a patient with two idiopathic lesions of exposed bone which have healed after systemic antibiotic therapy, seven weeks after the first examination. Conclusion: Exposed bone lesions of the jaw are a rare entity and are poorly documented in the literature. It is necessary to exclude possible local or systemic contributing factors. Surgical and conservative therapy (antibiotics) are the treatment of choice.

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9

SCARDILLO, J. "Leg ulcers with exposed bone and tendon." Journal of WOCN 23, no. 1 (1996): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1071-5754(96)90117-5.

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10

Scardillo, Jody, and Jeannie Seeley. "Leg Ulcers With Exposed Bone and Tendon." Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 23, no. 1 (1996): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152192-199601000-00011.

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11

Hanson, R. Reid. "Management of avulsion wounds with exposed bone." Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice 3, no. 2 (2004): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2004.08.004.

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12

Dissemond, Joachim. "Non-healing surgical wound with exposed bone." Journal of Wound Care 29, Sup10a (2020): S11—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup10a.s11.

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13

Fujioka, Masaki, Kiyoko Fukui, Kentaro Yoshino, and Marie Idemitsu. "Skin Grafting on Wound with Exposed Bone." International Journal of Surgical Wound Care 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36748/ijswc.4.1_1.

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14

Aljuboori, Mohammed Jasim. "Crestal Bone Regeneration in Defective Bone Implants." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 3, no. 2 (2014): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1079.

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ABSTRACT Implant placement in narrow alveolar bone ridges end with buccal bone dehiscence and implant thread exposure. In this conditions, bone graft need to be placed in a addition to the collagen membrane to cover the dehiscence with primary wound closure. This paper presents an implant case with a medical history of diabetic type II and smoker patient. Implant placed in narrow ridge and three coronal threads of the fixture exposed when the implant torque into the final position. After 3 months healing period, the implant site exposed with complete bone formation and coverage of the threads. From this case, one might conclude that: first the type of the implant surface may enhance bone formation, second the periosteum may contribute in the bone regeneration. Third the medical condition of the patient may has no local influence on the implant site. How to cite this article Aljuboori MJ, Saini R. Crestal Bone Regeneration in Defective Bone Implants. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):95-97.

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15

Gatti, John, and Robert Sollitto. "Simplified Treatment of Chronic Scalp Wounds With Exposed Skull." Wounds: a compendium of clinical research and practice 36, no. 10 (2024): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wnds/24007.

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Background. Exposed cranial bone can present a considerable challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Removal of the outer cortex of exposed skull bone has proven effective in the management of complex scalp wounds for which traditional reconstruction efforts were limited. Objective. To demonstrate a simplified approach for management of scalp wounds with exposed skull. Methods. Chronic wounds with exposed skull bone in elderly patients who were poor candidates for complex reconstructions were treated with removal of the exposed, outer bone cortex. The wounds involved desiccated, exposed bone and sites of superficial osteomyelitis with surrounding thin, atrophic skin that negated local skin flap reconstruction. Conscious sedation and local anesthesia were used during outpatient procedures. A rotating drill with a grinding burr was used to remove the outer cortical bone. The uncovered medullary bone was managed conservatively with moisturizing ointments and light dressings. The patients were followed as outpatients to document progress of wound healing. Skin grafting was not used. Results. Eight patients with exposed skull after treatment for invasive skin cancers were treated with removal of the outer cortex in the areas of exposure. The patients were elderly (mean age, 83 years), had numerous medical problems, and were poor candidates for complex surgery. Osteomyelitis was present in 3 patients. Seven patients with scalp wounds were successfully treated with cortical craniectomy, including a 92-year-old female with a large defect. A different female patient, with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the forehead after radiation, experienced disseminated cancer, and her wounds did not heal. Conclusion. Exposed skull bone is prone to desiccation and subsequent osteomyelitis if left untreated. Complex reconstructions may not be appropriate in many situations. Atrophic scalp skin, radiation injury, and scarring from previous skin cancer surgery often limit local skin flap options. Cortical craniectomy of the exposed skull bone is a simple, local technique that allows for healthy granulation tissue to develop. Conservative wound therapy ensuring a moist environment allows for secondary wound healing. Skin grafting may be used after a vascular base develops to shorten healing time.

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16

Swaim, S. F., S. W. Stuart, and D. M. Bradley. "An Animal Model for Research on Wound Healing over Exposed Bone." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 11, no. 03 (1998): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632534.

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SummaryMany wounds such as degloving injuries, or dermal ulcerative processes may have exposed bone. This presents a problem in wound healing. Various procedures such as tissue flaps, skin expansion, skin grafts, or open wound healing may be used to treat wounds with exposed bone. The development of a healthy granulation tissue bed provides the supportive structural matrix and vasculature needed to promote wound healing over exposed bone. This is beneficial when flaps or expanded skin are used and is necessary if skin grafts or open wound healing are used for treatment. This paper describes an animal model and surgical technique that can be used in studying factors that might enhance wound healing over exposed bone. A technique is described whereby a rectangular defect with exposed bone is made over the second metatarsal bone of New Zealand white rabbits. Using subjective observations and objective planimetry, the rate of healing can be evaluated. The animal model and technique provide a means of evaluating effects of medications and bandages on the healing of wounds with exposed bone. The model could also be considered a model for wounds with delayed healing.This paper describes an animal model and surgical technique that can be used to study wound healing over exposed bone. The surgical technique involves the creation of a rectangular defect over the second metatarsal bone of New Zealand White rabbits, with removal of the overlying periosteum. Various topical medications and/or bandage materials can be evaluated as to their effects on the healing of wounds with exposed bone. Bilateral defects can be created, with the animal serving as its own control. Subjective and objective evaluations involving planimetry, histopathologic, biochemical, or immunohistochemical analyses of harvested tissues may be conducted.

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17

Nguyen, Cuong V., Carl V. Washington, and Seaver L. Soon. "Hydrocolloid Dressings Promote Granulation Tissue on Exposed Bone." Dermatologic Surgery 39, no. 1pt1 (2013): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dsu.12021.

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18

Y. Kwon, R., and C. R. Jacobs. "Viscoelasticity of Bone Cells Exposed to Fluid Flow." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/mcb.2006.003.209.

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19

Sobanko, Joseph F., Nataly Portilla, Jeremy Etzkorn, Thuzar Shin, and Christopher J. Miller. "Repair of a Hemiforehead Defect With Exposed Bone." Dermatologic Surgery 44, no. 12 (2018): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001233.

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20

Czerwinski, Edward, Jozef Nowak, Danuta Dabrowska, Artur Skolarczyk, Bartlomiej Kita, and Marek Ksiezyk. "Bone and Joint Pathology in Fluoride-Exposed Workers." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 43, no. 5 (1988): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1988.9934945.

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21

Moerike, Shelley, J. Tapio Pantzar, and Derek de Sa. "Temporal Bone Pathology in Fetuses Exposed to Isotretinoin." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 5, no. 4 (2002): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10024-001-0258-0.

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Isotretinoin can be teratogenic, affecting many tissues, including the ear. However, there are only two histopathologic studies of the temporal bone in affected humans, and neither describes the findings in early gestation. We had the opportunity to study both temporal bones in each of two fetuses (22 and 24 weeks) exposed to isotretinoin in early gestation. One of the fetuses had a dilated IVth ventricle and a hypoplastic cerebellar vermis, while no dysmorphic features were seen in the other. In both infants the external ears were not noticeably abnormal. Histologically, anomalies of the middle ear included medial deviation of the malleus, forward displacement of the incus, and a small tympanic cavity (4/4); unilateral absence of the stapes (1/4); single “columella” crus and hypoplastic footplate (3/4); and unilateral dehiscence of the facial canal in one infant. Autolysis limited the examination of the labyrinth, but there was reduction in the number of cochlear spirals, and dilatation of the saccule in both infants. Anomalies of the middle and inner ear can be present without anomalies of the external ear or the central nervous system, and may be found even after relatively short exposures. These anomalies are similar to those detected in experimental exposure to isotretinoin, and are consistent with altered expression of the goosecoid gene.

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22

Zhang, Hong, Songyu Wang, Chen Lei, Guanmin Li, and Biao Wang. "Experimental study of negative pressure wound therapy combined with platelet-rich fibrin for bone-exposed wounds." Regenerative Medicine 17, no. 1 (2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2021-0043.

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Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in treating bone-exposed wounds and explore its possible mechanism. Materials & methods: A bone-exposed wound was created in a total of 32 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into either control group, NPWT group, PRF group or both (N + P group). The bone-exposed area, skin contraction rate and granulation coverage and the level of growth factors in granulation tissue were determined on days 4, 7 and 10. Results: The N + P group showed significantly higher wound closure rate than that achieved with others respectively. Four factors were significantly higher in N + P group than in the other three groups. Conclusion: Combination of NPWT and PRF can repair bone-exposed wounds effectively and accelerate wound healing.

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23

Li, Kangchu, Zenghui Teng, Zhaohui Liu, et al. "Alterations of Hematologic and Hematopoietic Parameters in Mice Exposed to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (March 24, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3628956.

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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on hematology and hematopoiesis might vary with different PEMF parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of PEMF exposure at different pulses on hematologic and hematopoietic parameters in mice. Groups of male BALB/c mice were whole body exposed or were sham exposed (control) to PEMF at 100, 1000, and 10000 pulses. After PEMF exposure, blood samples and bone marrow cells of mice were collected for hematologic examinations, bone marrow nucleated cell counting, colony-forming units of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony assay, and serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) assay. Compared with the control group, white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed groups were significantly increased but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT) were not changed in all exposed groups. There was no significant difference in mouse bone marrow nucleated cell number between the control group and each exposed group 7 days after PEMF exposure. The CFU-GM clone number of bone marrow cells and serum GM-CSF level were significantly increased in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed group but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Our results indicated that the PEMF exposure at fewer pulses may induce statistically significant alterations in some hematologic and hematopoietic parameters of mice but no changes can be found in the more pulses PEMF-exposed groups.

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Salvi, Martina, Benedetta Fioretti, Maria Alberti, et al. "Understanding HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: A Narrative Review." Viruses 17, no. 3 (2025): 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030442.

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The widespread implementation of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced HIV-related mortality and mother-to-child transmission. Despite being HIV-uninfected, HIV-exposed children (HEU) seem to face heightened risks of immune dysfunction, cardiometabolic diseases, growth delays, reduction in bone mineral density, and neurocognitive impairments compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected peers. These vulnerabilities can be attributed to maternal immune dysregulation during pregnancy, antiretroviral (ART) toxicity, HIV exposure, and adverse socioeconomic and nutritional environments. Emerging evidence highlights the impact of antiviral therapy exposure, particularly tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, on HEU mitochondrial dysfunction, bone resorption, neurocognitive delays, and zidovudine on cardiac abnormalities. This narrative review explores the multisystem effects of ART exposure in HEU children, focusing on immune function, neurodevelopment, cardiovascular health, growth, and bone metabolism. By synthesizing findings from diverse studies, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with ART regimens and identify future research priorities to improve outcomes for HEU children.

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Peralta, Felipe da Silva, Lucilene Hernandes Ricardo, Hilson Fernando Resende Nogueira, et al. "Evaluation of RANK induced periodontitis in rats previously exposed to Cyclosporine A." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 1 (2021): e41610111108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11108.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of previous exposure to CsA on the expression of RANK and bone loss in experimental periodontitis induced in rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups as follows: Control (CON); Cyclosporine A (CsA), with daily doses of 10 mg/Kg of CsA; Ligature (LIG), with a ligature around the upper right second molar on day 30; and Ligature + CsA (CsAL). Sixty days later, the animals were sacrificed and samples removed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of bone resorption, bone density and RANK expression. There was no significant influence of bone resorption on the application of CsA. LIG Group (735.88 ± 121.82) had significantly higher bone resorption (p = 0.01) than CON Group (569.13 ± 89.76), and CsAL Group (759.38 ± 198.23) also had significantly higher bone resorption (P = 0.001) than CsA Group (410.90 ± 105.95). Bone density in the CsA Group (87.49 ± 4.07) was lower than that of CON Group (92.42 ± 2.27) and similar to that of LIG Group (91.85 ± 3.91). CsAL Group (79.41 ± 3.81) showed the lowest density compared to the other groups. RANK did not differ between the groups. The prior exposure to CsA had no influence on the expression of RANK or bone resorption.

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Klimkina, K. V., and I. V. Lapko. "Features of Bone Metabolism in Workers Exposed to Harmful Production Factors." Doctor.Ru 24, no. 2 (2025): 40–43. https://doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2025-24-2-40-43.

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Aim. To study the characteristics of bone metabolism in workers engaged in vibration-hazardous occupations. Design. Observational, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Materials and methods. A total of 152 miners exposed to constant or periodic occupational vibration exceeding the permissible exposure levels by 3–11 dB were examined. The first main group included 75 workers — excavator operators and heavy truck drivers — diagnosed with vibration disease (VD) caused by whole-body vibration. Among them, 47 (62.7%) individuals had VD stage I, and 28 (37.3%) had stage II. The mean age was 55.4 ± 0.46 years (range: 32–61), and the average work experience was 22.6 ± 6.7 years (range: 9–28). The second main group comprised 77 workers — including drift miners, drill rig operators, and borehole drillers — also diagnosed with VD, resulting from combined exposure to local and whole-body vibration. Stage I VD was detected in 47 (61%) workers, and stage II in 30 (39%). The mean age in this group was 56.4 ± 2.3 years (range: 33–60), with an average work experience of 20.8 ± 6.2 years (range: 5–25). The control group consisted of 24 men comparable in age (mean age 46.1 ± 5.7 years) to the main groups. These individuals had no occupational exposure to vibration and resided in the same region as the miners. Clinical and laboratory parameters, bone metabolism markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed using ultrasound densitometry. Results. In miners, a direct correlation was found between serum calcium levels and the T-score (r = 0.62, p < 0.05), indicating a negative calcium balance contributing to decreased BMD. There was a moderate inverse correlation between work experience and the concentration of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) (r = –0.34; p = 0.042), as well as between work experience and osteocalcin (OC) levels (r = –0.41; p = 0.029). A moderate direct correlation was found between work experience and the serum levels of β-CrossLaps (r = 0.58; p = 0.012), and cathepsin K (r = 0.64; p = 0.002). As BMD decreased, BALP and OC concentrations also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while cathepsin K and β-CrossLaps levels increased significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Occupational vibration, especially when combined with physical overexertion, contributes to disturbances in calcium-phosphorus balance and bone metabolism, manifesting as a decrease in bone formation markers and an increase in bone resorption markers. The slowdown of osteogenesis and activation of bone resorption in miners increases the risk of metabolic osteopathies. Among workers exposed to both local and whole-body vibration, decreased levels of bone formation markers (BALP and OC) and elevated concentrations of bone resorption markers (β-CrossLaps and cathepsin K) were observed. Ultrasound densitometry revealed a high prevalence of osteopenic syndrome. A correlation was established between bone metabolism markers and work experience. These findings highlight the importance of early laboratory diagnosis and ongoing monitoring of osteopenic syndrome in miners, especially those with long-term exposure to occupational vibration and extensive work history. Keywords: miners, occupational vibration, reduced bone mineral density, bone metabolism, osteopenic syndrome.

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27

Jović, Marko S., Branko J. Suđecki, Ivan Ljubiša Radosavljević, et al. "The Use of Integra Dermal Regeneration Template in Exposed Bone Reconstruction: A Case Report with Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 9 (2025): 2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14092971.

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Abstract Background/Objectives: Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (IDRT) has emerged as a viable reconstructive option in exposed avascular structures, such as exposed bone devoid of periosteum. This systematic review aimed at examining success rates by comparing different wound types and their characteristics, as well as the surgical methods involved. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies using IDRT in the reconstruction of defects with exposed bone devoid of periosteum. Primary outcomes of interest were IDRT and skin graft success rates, followed by patient and wound characteristics, and different surgical methods used. The results were accompanied by an illustrative case report of IDRT-based hand reconstruction after a deep burn injury. Results: The review included 40 studies, with a total of 202 individual defects. The primary indication for IDRT-based reconstruction was post-oncologic defects in the elderly population. Although surgeons mostly used burring/fenestration as a bone preparation method prior to IDRT placement, decorticated bones showed faster grafting time (23.8 vs. 27.9 days). The average success rate of IDRT was 87.54% (±25.9), with an excellent IDRT take rate (100%) observed in more than 50% of cases. In the majority of cases (95.5%), the skin graft acceptance rate was deemed to be higher than 95%, with an average graft take of 98.8%. Conclusions: The results of this review support the use of IDRT in managing complex defects involving exposed bone, offering fast coverage with good functional restoration, without any donor site morbidity. Additionally, bone preparation methods also play an important role in IDRT-based reconstruction by shortening the grafting time.

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28

Wang, Ruijian, Jin Shen, Chunqing Han, et al. "Dietary Fiber Intake Improves Osteoporosis Caused by Chronic Lead Exposure by Restoring the Gut–Bone Axis." Nutrients 17, no. 9 (2025): 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091513.

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Background: Lead (Pb), a pervasive environmental toxicant with specific toxicity to bone, has been recognized as a significant etiological factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. While dietary fiber (DF) demonstrates anti-osteoporotic potential, its protective role against Pb-induced bone loss remains unexplored. Methods: This study analyzed the association between dietary fiber, blood lead, and osteoporosis based on the NHANES database, and validated it by constructing a lead exposed mouse model. Micro CT was used to evaluate bone microstructure, ELISA was used to detect bone markers, q-PCR/Western blot was used to measure intestinal tight junction protein, flow cytometry was used to analyze Treg cells in colon/bone tissue, GC-MS was used to detect short chain fatty acids, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze changes in gut microbiota. The regulatory mechanism of dietary fiber on bone metabolism and intestinal barrier in lead exposed mice was systematically evaluated. Results: Based on NHANES data analysis, it was found that dietary fiber can reduce the risk of osteoporosis in lead exposed populations. Animal experiments have shown that dietary fiber intervention significantly increases bone density, improves bone microstructure and metabolic indicators, repairs intestinal barrier damage caused by lead exposure, and regulates immune balance in lead exposed mice. At the same time, it promotes the generation of short chain fatty acids and the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. Conclusions: These findings indicate that DF mitigates Pb-induced osteoporosis through gut barrier restoration, SCFA-mediated immunomodulation, and microbiota-driven Treg cell expansion along the gut–bone axis.

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Singh, Sudhir. "Use of MatriDerm® (skin substitute) and split skin graft in one stage in wound healing of exposed tibia without periosteum in two patients." IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 9, no. 2 (2023): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2023.021.

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Reporting two cases one of two centimetres breadth and the other of four centimetres breadth exposed tibia bone devoid of periosteum due to post debridement involving periosteum elevator to remove infective tissue which was successfully covered by a simple procedure with MatriDerm® and split skin graft in a single stage. Tibia bone was not drilled to sprout granulation tissue from bone marrow to create a granulated vascularised bed for second-stage skin grafting. It avoided local flap or microsurgical free flap surgery for small exposed bone devoid of periosteum. Both cases had a pleasing aesthetic outlook after a few months of follow-up. Difficult to find instances of more than two centimetres of exposed tibia devoid of periosteum covered successfully in a single stage by this procedure.

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30

Dinh, Ngoc Minh, Ngoc Phat Hoang, Buu Vinh Phan, and Tri Nguyen Phan. "Preliminary results of secondary healingfor fingertip amputation with bone exposed." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 3DB (2023): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(3db).44-47.

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Fingertip amputation is a popular injury with a variety of treatment methods from simple to complex, including skin graft, local flaps, regional flaps, and microsurgery anastomosis. One method of treatment that has been gaining attention recently is secondary wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of second-stage healing care for bony proximal wounds. The authors used a descriptive cross-sectional study to monitor the treatment of 6 cases of fingertip amputation with bone exposed by secondary healing method at the Hospital for Trauma and Orthopedics from August 2022 to December 2022. Results showed that all cases had good results. The exposed bone was covered by granulation tissue and epithelized after that. In conclusion,secondary wound healing is a safe and effective method that can be applied to fingertip amputation with bone exposed.

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SHAH, TAJAMMAL ABBAS, USMAN LATIF, and QUDDUS-UR REHMAN. "COVERAGE OF EXPOSED TIBIA." Professional Medical Journal 17, no. 01 (2010): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.01.1977.

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The alarming rise in road traffic accident has resulted in increased incidence of degloving lower limb injuries requiring some sortof cover for exposed bones e.g tibia. Objective: To study and compare the rate of wound infection & decreased morbidity in degloving injuriesof lower limb following early bone coverage by various surgical methods of bone coverage. Design: Comparative, prospective study, Place& duration of study. Allied Hospital SU II Faisalabad. Period: From January 2002 to October 2004. Material & Methods: Thirty (30) patientsdivided into four groups, muscle & musculocutaneous flaps for 15 patients, local rotational flaps for 05 patients, cross leg flaps & decorticationfor 05 patients. The patients in each group were divided unequally because of unavailability of patients. Patients were also examinedpostoperatively for 06 weeks. Results: The patients underwent surgery for degloving injury of leg. Most of them were young malesbetween 5-45 years of age resulting mainly from different types of accidents. 2 out of 15(13.3%) patients having, musculocutaneous flapsdeveloped wound infection. 1 out of 5(20%) with local rotational flaps, 2 out of 5 (40%) with cross leg flaps & 3 out of 5(60%) with decorticationdeveloped wound infection. 14 out of 15(93.3%) patients with muscle & musculocutaneous flaps while 4 out of 5(80%) with local rotational flapsrecovered within 3 weeks. Patients with cross leg flaps recovered after one month while patients with decortication recovered after forty fivedays. 13 out of 15 regained full function (86%) with muscle & musculocutaneous flaps while patients having local rotational flaps regained 100%full function. 4 out of 5(80%) regained full function with cross leg flaps & 1 out of 5(20%) regained full function with decortication. Conclusions:Muscle & musculocutaneous flaps for exposed tibia is safe and effective method of treatment having low rate of wound infection with widercoverage & decreased morbidity.

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Han, Chong-Hyun, Sunjai Kim, Moon-Kyu Chung, et al. "Regenerated Bone Pattern Around Exposed Implants with Various Designs." International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 34, no. 1 (2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/jomi.6715.

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Brzóska, Malgorzata M., and Janina Moniuszko-Jakoniuk. "Bone metabolism of male rats chronically exposed to cadmium." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 207, no. 3 (2005): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.003.

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Bigelow, Timothy A., Rita J. Miller, James P. Blue, and William D. O’Brien. "Hemorrhage near fetal rat bone exposed to pulsed ultrasound." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 33, no. 2 (2007): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.08.015.

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Becker, Gary D., Lawrence A. Adams, and Barry C. Levin. "Secondary intention healing of exposed scalp and forehead bone." Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 123, no. 4 (2000): 0524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2000.109664.

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36

Charnock, David R. "Secondary intention healing of exposed scalp and forehead bone." Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 123, no. 4 (2000): 0524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2000.109665.

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37

Dereci, Ömür, and Serpil Duran. "Intraorally exposed anterior Stafne bone defect: a case report." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 113, no. 5 (2012): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.07.029.

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Oh, Soon Keum, Ji Eun Choi, Jin Lee, and Won Kyu Kim. "Delayed Long Bone Formation in Hyperthermia-exposed Mouse Embryos." Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 25, no. 1 (2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2012.25.1.43.

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39

Carvalho, Juliane Guimarães de, Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira, and Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf. "Plasma as an indicator of bone fluoride levels in rats chronically exposed to fluoride." Journal of Applied Oral Science 14, no. 4 (2006): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000400005.

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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the use of plasma, bone surface (periosteal) and whole bone as biomarkers of chronic fluoride (F) exposure. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups (n=10/gr) that differed according to the F concentration they received in the drinking water. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 received water containing 0 (control), 5, 15, and 50 mg F/L, respectively. The rats were killed at 120 days of age. Plasma and femur were collected and analyzed for fluoride with the ion specific electrode by the direct method or after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Data were tested for statistically significant differences by ANOVA and linear regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Mean (± SE) plasma F concentrations ranged from 0.030 ± 0.002 to 0.187 ± 0.013 (mg/mL). The concentrations in surface and whole bone ranged from 610 ± 32 to 4,693 222; and 647 ± 22 to 3,439 ± 134 µg/g, respectively. The surface/whole F concentration ratios were 0.941, 1.414, 1.173 and 1.377, for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. For plasma and whole bone, the difference among all groups was statistically significant, except for group 2 compared to group 1. For bone surface, all groups differed from each other except for group 2 compared to group 3. A significant positive correlation was found between bone surface and whole bone F (r²=0.94), as well as between plasma and bone surface (r²=0.71) and plasma and whole bone (r²=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that both bone surface and whole bone are suitable biomarkers of chronic F exposure in rats and plasma may be used as indicator of bone fluoride levels.

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Clark, GN. "Bone perforation to enhance wound healing over exposed bone in dogs with shearing injuries." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 37, no. 3 (2001): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-37-3-215.

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Moriyama, Hiroshi, Kiyoshi Yanagi, Nobuyoshi Ohtori, Kazuyasu Asai, and Masaya Fukami. "Healing Process of Sinus Mucosa after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." American Journal of Rhinology 10, no. 2 (1996): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065896781795067.

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In the treatment of chronic sinusitis, the mucosa should be preserved, or, when severely damaged, only the mucosal surface removed with cutting forceps. It is especially important not to expose the surface of the bone by complete removal of the mucosa. When the mucosa is conserved, or excision is limited to only the mucosal surface, ciliated cells regenerate within 6 months. However, where the mucosa was completely removed during surgery and the bone was exposed, the area was covered with nonciliated cells, and only scattered cilia were present.

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42

Kakimov, A., A. Mayorov, A. Baikadamova, B. Kabdylzhar, A. Syuichinov, and Z. Yessimbekov. "Effects of fermentation on the degree of breaking up of bone particles in meat and bone paste from cattle bones." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 3 (October 3, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-3-18-24.

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Bone processing is an urgent task of rational use of meat industry waste. Disposal of cattle bones can be carried out by different methods. Various methods are used for processing bone raw materials, such as mechanical processing, chemical hydrolysis, ultrasonic processing, etc. Processed meat and bone raw materials in meat and bone paste are chemically exposed to ascorbic acid (0.05 M, 1 h, 25 ° C) and pepsin (pH 2.0, t=10...40 ° C, τ=1...8 h). This allows you to reduce the mass of bone particles in meat and bone paste by 70%. Meat and bone paste subjected to enzyme processing can be used in the technology of meat products.

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43

Shi, Zhiyuan, Ming Zhang, Xingtong Wang, Minhui Zhu, and Xiangbo Ye. "Anchoring Flap Suture Technique to Repair a Wound With Exposed Bone After Hip Disarticulation: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature." Wounds: a compendium of clinical research and practice 35, no. 11 (2023): e403-e407. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wnds/23085.

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Background. In specific clinical scenarios characterized by poor tissue conditions surrounding a wound, achieving stable flap fixation with standard sutures can be challenging. The anchoring flap suture technique, which is commonly used for soft tissue-to-bone attachment in cases of injury, may be an alternative and effective approach. Case Report. This report describes the successful application of the anchoring flap suture technique to repair a wound with exposed bone in a 39-year-old female patient. She presented with a 7% TBSA wound of the left trunk following hip disarticulation. After 4 operations, a wound with exposed iliac bone remained. Given the compromised condition of the tissues surrounding the exposed bone, the authors opted to anchor a local flap directly to the exposed bone. Steady flap fixation was achieved using the anchoring flap suture method, resulting in complete healing of that wound. Remarkably, no short- or long-term complications associated with the flap were observed. Three months after hospital discharge, the patient regained mobility, walking on 1 leg with the assistance of a 4-legged walker. Conclusion. The anchoring flap suture technique seems to be a reliable and effective treatment option, particularly in cases in which inadequate soft tissue precludes the use of traditional flap fixation using standard sutures.

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Lafrado, Louis J., Lawrence E. Mathes, and Richard G. Olsen. "Evaluation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in bone marrow of clinically normal and feline leukemia virus-exposed cats." American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, no. 4 (1986): 820–21. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.04.820.

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SUMMARY Bone marrow cells from 8 specific-pathogen-free and 11 feline leukemia virus-exposed cats were examined for the expression of the nuclear antigen terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Using a standard indirect immunofluorescence technique, feline leukemia-exposed cats had increased expression of TdT in bone marrow aspirates (2.0% to 29.0%) when compared with that in bone marrow cells from specific-pathogen-free cats (2.5% to 6.0%). Seemingly, TdT can be used as an antigenic marker in leukemogenesis of FeLV-infected cats.

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Ghoshal, Nani G., and Yosiya Niyo. "Histomorphologic features of the nasal cavity of pigs exposed to Pasteurella multocida type-D dermonecrotic toxin." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 5 (1993): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.05.738.

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Summary Microscopic examination of the nasal mucosa of clinically normal specific-pathogen-free pigs and of toxicogenic type-D Pasteurella multocida toxin challenge-exposed_ specific-pathogen-free pigs indicated that the surface epithelium in pigs of both groups was microscopically normal; erosions or appreciable inflammatory changes were not evident. In pigs of both groups and in all 3 regions of the nasal cavity, the endothelial lining of all blood vessels appeared normal without detectable changes to the walls at postinoculation day 10. Vascular injury in the cartilage or the bone was not discernible in control or challenge-exposed pigs. There were marked differences in the osseous structures of the conchae when the 2 groups were compared. In control pigs, active bone formation and remodeling were observed, and the septal cartilage was normal. In toxin challenge-exposed pigs, there likewise was normal bone formation and remodeling in the vestibular region, and the septal cartilage was normal. In marked contrast, conspicuous changes were observed in the osseous core of the conchae of the respiratory and, sometimes, the olfactory regions. These changes consisted of bone necrosis and resorption by large numbers of osteoclasts with variable replacement by dense mesenchymal stroma, which resulted in conchal atrophy. In the absence of any discernible damage or injury (angiopathy) to the nasal vessels, it appears that the action of the dermonecrotoxin of P multocida serotype D is on the most active osteoblasts and the associated organic matrix of the bone, with subsequent disruption of normal bone formation and remodeling of the nasal conchae.

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Farris, Georgia M., and Stephen A. Benjamin. "Inhibition of myelopoiesis by serum from dogs exposed to estrogen." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 8 (1993): 1374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.08.1374.

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Summary The mechanism of estrogen-induced myelotoxicosis is unknown, although evidence indicates that estrogen does not directly damage the bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and that the thymus is a probable mediator of the bone marrow suppression. Estrogen-induced production of a myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor by canine thymic stromal cells in vitro has been observed. Then, presence of a myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor in canine serum was investigated immediately after estrogen administration in vivo. Maximal reduction in colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage growth by sera from individual dogs varied. Individual dog sensitivity to estrogen-induced myelotoxicosis is seen clinically, and the cause is unknown. This serum factor could have a role in the eventual bone marrow hypoplasia seen in estrogen-treated dogs and is possibly the same factor produced by cultured thymic stromal cells exposed to estrogen.

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Hryhorieva, O. A., P. V. Bohdanov, T. M. Matvieishyna, and E. R. Skakovskiy. "Comparative characteristics of changes in subchondral bone of rats after antenatal glucocorticoid administration and modeling of osteoporosis." Morphologia 15, no. 3 (2021): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.62-65.

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Background. Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic bone disease that results in decreased bone mineral density and, as a result, increases the risk of bone fractures. Changes that occur in the subchondral bone in osteoporosis or because of hormones can cause degenerative changes in the articular cartilage that underlie osteoarthritis. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify and compare morphological changes that occur in the subchondral bone in experimental simulations of osteoporosis and in adult rats that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Methods. Tibias of 26 white mature laboratory rats were studied. In serial sections, the relative areas occupied by bone trabeculae and lacunae were calculated. Results. The relative area involving the bone trabeculae (23,2 ± 3,70%) statistically significantly decreased at 21 day in the group of animals that undergone a simulation of osteoporosis in comparison with the control group. Similar changes are observed in the group of experimental animals that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study demonstrate the similarity of morphological changes occurring in the subchondral bone in rats that undergone a simulation of osteoporosis and rats that were born from females that were exposed to glucocorticoid solution administration in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

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Kim, Tae-Hyung, Dong-Won Lee, Chong-Kwan Kim, Kwang-Ho Park, and Ik-Sang Moon. "Influence of Early Cover Screw Exposure on Crestal Bone Loss Around Implants: Intraindividual Comparison of Bone Level at Exposed and Non-Exposed Implants." Journal of Periodontology 80, no. 6 (2009): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.080580.

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Laligam, N. Sekhar, and Estonillo Rodrigo. "Transtemporal Approach to the Skull Base: An Anatomical Study." Neurosurgery 19, no. 5 (1986): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198611000-00014.

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Abstract The surgical anatomy of a transtemporal approach to the structures of the clivus was defined with the aid of dissections in 10 cadaver heads. The steps in the dissection consisted of first exposing the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA), the internal jugular vein, and the caudal cranial nerves, each at the skull base; then performing small retromastoid and temporal craniotomies; and, finally, drilling away the petrous and tympanic bone to expose the intratemporal parts of the facial nerve, the petrous ICA, the sigmoid sinus, and the jugular bulb. To expose the structures of the lower clivus, the sigmoid sinus was ligated and divided, the facial nerve was displaced anterosuperiorly, and the inner ear structures were preserved. Dural opening exposed the anterolateral and anterior surfaces of the medulla, the pontomedullary junction, and the spinomedullary junction. The ipsilateral vertebral artery and often the contralateral vertebral artery and the vertebrobasilar junction, the caudal cranial nerves, and the origin of the 6th, 7th, and 8th cranial nerves were well exposed. To expose the structures of the middle clivus, we drilled away the labyrinth, the cochlea, and a portion of the clival bone. The facial nerve was displaced posteroinferiorly. Dural opening exposed the ipsilateral anterior surface of the pons, the midbasilar artery, and the ipsilateral 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cranial nerves. A portion of the contralateral anterior surface of the pons was also exposed at times. The superior limit of this exposure was just above the origin of the trigeminal nerve. The exposure of the upper clival structures was limited with this approach, and required medial temporal lobe retraction. Two case reports are included to illustrate the application of the transtemporal approach to the exposure and clipping of aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed.

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Arkaz, Coskun, Whitney Van Damme, and Geert Peeters. "Treatment of exposed tibial bone by old school burr holes – a case report." Acta chirurgiae plasticae 66, no. 3 (2024): 127–31. https://doi.org/10.48095/ccachp2024127.

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Background: We report a successful wound treatment of a chronic ulcer with bone exposure using a somehow forgotten technique of creating burr holes into the bone. Most clinics would promote flap surgery to cover wounds with bone exposure, however, in some cases invasive surgery is not mandatory. We bring up an alternative treatment for such cases. Case: We report a case of chronic ulcers on both lower extremities in a 43-year-old Caucasian male. He suffers from a leukocytoclastic vasculitis and sarcoidosis which is medicated by immunosuppressive medication. The patient‘s wounds were initially treated with mechanical debridement and split-thickness skin grafts, however, his wounds tended to worsen the more they were manipulated and finally resulted in tibial bone exposure. After levelling up his immune suppressive drugs, the wounds finally stabilized but didn’t heal after several weeks of follow-up. The wound was ultimately treated by placing burr holes in the underlying cortical bone. Conclusion: Chronic ulcers with bone exposure at the lower leg are challenging to treat. They often require local or free flap surgery. In some cases, because of underlying systemic disease, it is mandatory to stay away from invasive flap surgery. With this case, we like to put under attention an old technique of decorticating the exposed bone to promote secondary wound healing. It has been described mainly for scalp injuries, however, we have proven the viability of this technique for pretibial wounds as well.

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