Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exposition aux ondes électromagnétiques'
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Jomaa, Kassem. "Caractérisation du champ proche électromagnétique et exposition professionnelle aux ondes RF en milieu industriel." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT111/document.
Full textThe analysis of radiated emissions from a source throughout the space, is very essential for both dosimetric and electromagnetic interference analysis. The concerns about the latter are growing because of the need to have prediction of the system reliability of the electronic circuits. Moreover the everyday use of devices and systems emitting radio frequency electromagnetic fields is continuously increasing. Some of these devices are operating in the vicinity of human body, and operators are in the near-field region of the radiating source, and they are exposed to electromagnetic fields. For this reason, dosimetric analysis, that shows the necessity of having three dimensional (3D) field mapping in the vicinity of the radiating source, should be performed. For this kind of applications, several scans of the near fields should be done within different planes in order to build the 3D field mapping. Being a challenging process in electromagnetic compatibility studies, near field characterization is being treated by several algorithms that propose different approaches to achieve the required scanning on the radiating source.In this work, we introduce a 3D scanning system with a low cost three axis magnetic field probes. Having such probes allow the simultaneous measure of the three components of the magnetic field based on a single planner scan above the device under test. The designed probes consist of three orthogonal loops combined together; the first probe contains three conventional loops joined in a plastic cube with a total dimension of 10×12×13 mm3, whereas the second probe is a PCB probe printed on an FR4 substrate of 3.2 mm with a reduced dimension of 9×9×3.2 mm3. The designed probes were calibrated with a TEM cell and the corresponding antenna factors were extracted. The presented scanning system uses an oscilloscope as a measuring instrument that gives the possibility of both time and frequency domain measurements. The second part of this thesis presents a reconstruction algorithm based on plane wave spectrum method. In order to reduce the number of scans and hence the time requirements, the presented algorithm requires just a 2D near field scan of the field components, to reconstruct the 3D magnetic field distribution above the radiating device.The third part of the thesis is devoted for the dosimetric analysis of the radiated electromagnetic fields near RFID systems and RF-welding machines. The near-field exposure assessment of the radiated fields from RFID reader antennas operating at 13.56 MHz and used in Libraries was performed. The measurements of the magnetic field near the antenna were established using the designed probes. The results are then analyzed and compared to the regulations in European Directives and ICNIRP Guidelines. Moreover, the exposure to RF electromagnetic fields of workers near RF-welding machines in industrial environment is studied. These machines, operating at 27 MHz, emit strong radiation and the exposure takes place in the near-field region. The spatial distribution of the electromagnetic fields in this region is studied in both numerical simulations and measurements
Bosquillon, de Jenlis Aymar. "Effets d'une exposition chronique aux ondes radiofréquences sur le système immunitaire et le sommeil, modèle de rat juvénile." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0012/document.
Full textWith the development of wireless technologies, electromagnetic fields became an important environmental constraint. However, some people attribute symptoms to electromagnetic fields exposure. The results of experimental studies remain controversial due to contradictory results. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of a co-exposure between electromagnetic fields and noise. The hypothesis is that co-exposure led to an exacerbation of the electromagnetic fields effects. This work focused on different physiological functions in a juvenile population: sleep, immune system, food intake, respiratory parameters and behavior. The results showed a higher anxious behavior, a decrease of locomotor parameters and an increase in the weight of the animals, associated with variations in the food intake pattern. Sleep is slightly altered in animals exposed to electromagnetic fields. The immune system of animals exposed to electromagnetic fields exhibits alterations in the adaptive immune system by a redistribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in favor of cell activation and humoral immunity, but without variation of the innate immune system. The alteration of immune system was observed during the co-exposure with a different way than noise exposure. This work was the first study to show a variation of immune parameters in juveniles chronically exposed to electromagnetic fields
Ghanmi, Amal. "Analyse de l'exposition aux ondes électromagnétiques des enfants dans le cadre des nouveaux usages et nouveaux réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974902.
Full textSaidi, Fadila. "Caractérisation des champs électromagnétiques incidents à partir de mesure in situ pour l'évaluation du débit d'absorption spécifique." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066753.
Full textPradier, Aline. "Evaluation des champs électromagnétiques induits dans les tissus biologiques pour les nouveaux usages et les nouvelles technologies sans fil." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066545.
Full textAzzi, Soumaya. "Surrogate modeling of stochastic simulators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT009.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the surrogate modeling and the sensitivity analysis on stochastic simulators. Stochastic simulators are a particular type of computational models, they inherently contain some sources of randomness and are generally computationally prohibitive. To overcome this limitation, this manuscript proposes a method to build a surrogate model for stochastic simulators based on Karhunen-Loève expansion. This thesis also aims to perform sensitivity analysis on such computational models. This analysis consists on quantifying the influence of the input variables onto the output of the model. In this thesis, the stochastic simulator is represented by a stochastic process, and the sensitivity analysis is then performed on the differential entropy of this process.The proposed methods are applied to a stochastic simulator assessing the population’s exposure to radio frequency waves in a city. Randomness is an intrinsic characteristic of the stochastic city generator. Meaning that, for a set of city parameters (e.g. street width, building height and anisotropy) does not define a unique city. The context of the electromagnetic dosimetry case study is presented, and a surrogate model is built. The sensitivity analysis is then performed using the proposed method
Mahfouz, Zaher. "Analyse de l’exposition aux ondes électromagnétiques en Indoor." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066586.
Full textPeople are exposed to various types of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by different wireless communication systems such as broadcast and cellular network. Today, mobile phones integrate multiple antennas so that more than one service can be used at the same time (GSM and WiFi). In the near future, MIMO systems will be integrated into phones due to their advantage in terms of high throughput. This technological expansion is concerned about the health effects due to these new systems. This thesis focuses on the exposure assessment in indoor areas and the representativeness of such a metric which is related to the maximum power emitted from a mobile and from a base station (BTS). In fact, the measurement standard consists of measuring the exposure at "worst case" in order to verify the compliance to the reference levels. Today, we are interested on the real exposure to electromagnetic fields. Measurements and temporal distributions of electromagnetic fields induced by the base stations (downlink) are studied in this manuscript. In addition, exposure induced by cell phones (uplink) integrated multiple antennas near the user head is studied. The objective was to study and analyze the effect of multiple exposures to this type of phones. A new definition of SAR OTA ("Over The Air") is also presented in this manuscript to compare exposures of mobile phones in real conditions. It is been shown that a mobile phone with a low SAR is often a low-performance mobile radio, except MIMO which really helps to reduce the SAR
Eyraud, Christelle. "Caractérisation et optimisation, dans le domaine des hyperfréquences, des mesures de champs diffractésApplications aux problèmes directs et inverses tridimensionnels." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11005.
Full textJawad, Ourouk. "Étude de l'exposition des personnes aux ondes électromagnétiques en environnement complexe." Doctoral thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Paris, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/230895.
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Jawad, Ourouk. "Etude de l'exposition des personnes aux ondes électromagnétiques en environnement complexe." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066292/document.
Full textResearch in non-ionizing numerical dosimetry has been improved thanks to high calculation capacity of computers. These years, integrating variability in the field of dosimetry has become a major issue. Sources of variability are numerous; among them, there are the exposure conditions to electromagnetic radiation which can lead to very different absorbed doses. Indoor channel modeling enables to have a deep knowledge of the exposure conditions of a human body located inside this indoor environment. The aim of this thesis is to develop a statistical method of calculation of the absorbed dose by the human body and to adapt the stochastic channel model to dosimetry. The statistical study of exposure reveals the need to obtain Specific Absorption Rate values for a plane wave exposure for all possible angles of incidence. Taking into account that computation in dosimetry is time consuming, an efficient interpolation method, kriging method, is implemented in order to get whole body Specific Absorption Rate values. Kriging method enables to obtain Specific Absorption Rate for all possible angles of incidence and then to calculate expectation and variance of Specific Absorption Rate. Sensitivity Analysis of expectation and variance to the statistical channel parameters reveals the impact of each parameter. The channel model has been simplified and then adapted to dosimetry by estimating the approximation error induced by this reduction. This thesis answers to the issue of integrating variability in dosimetry in a complex environment and develop the tools that open a new path in studying exposure in any complex environment
Croizer, Mathieu. "Applicateurs destinés aux études d’effets biologiques des ondes électromagnétiques sub-nanosecondes." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0127/document.
Full textSince the years 1960, scientists have been interested to the study of biologic effects caused by pulsed electrical fields. The first effects were obtained with microseconds pulses and milliseconds pulses. This phenomenon has been called electroporation and it’s used in anticancerous therapies called electrochimiotherapies. Laboratory studies are continuing, but with shorter pulses like high level subnanoseconds pulses (100MV/m). These studies are emerging and must be pursued, but it’s necessary to design reliable electromagnetic systems. The goal of this thesis was to design two electrical field applicators: an in vitro applicator, to illuminate biologic cells contained in test tube and an in vivo applicator to predict future non invasive therapies. For the in vitro applicator, simulations and experimental results are very encouraging and biological experimentations would be possible with this system. For the applicator in vivo, which is the PSIRA antenna designed par C. E. Baum, many problems are highlighted. First, biological tissues like skin and muscle have high permittivity and high dielectric losses with frequencies in the order of GHz and behind. To maximize electric field penetration in these backgrounds it was decided to submerge the antenna in high permittivity background too, like glycerin and water. These liquids have high dielectric losses which have a strong negative impact on the antenna performances. To make this system operational, some modifications must be done, like changing the actual background with a no losses background
Roux, David. "Evénements moléculaires chez "Lycopersicon esculentum" après exposition à des rayonnements électromagnétiques haute fréquence." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728379/document.
Full textCarles, Camille. "Exposition aux pesticides et aux champs électromagnétiques : développement d’outils de mesure en population générale Et application aux tumeurs cérébrales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0246/document.
Full textContext: Over past decades, human activities have led to the emergence and the increaseof environmental pollutants. In parallel, a progression of the incidence of some chronic diseaseslike cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and reproductive issues was observed. In this context,new disciplines like environmental epidemiology or expology have developed greatly in order toanalyze the association between pollutants and diseases in human populations. The main challenge is to estimate at its best individual exposure to pollutants, particularly in a retrospective way. The objective of our thesis was to contribute to the development of newmethods for the assessment of exposures to pesticides and electromagnetic fields, usable in studies about the association with chronic diseases.Methods: We built two kinds of exposure assessment tools: i) two job-exposure matrices focusingon occupational exposure to pesticides, one specific to agriculture (PESTIMAT) and one usable inthe general population (PESTIPOP). For that purpose, we used various data sources likeexpert assessment and questionnaires (from a case-control study in the general populationCERENAT) and literature data. ii) geographic metrics estimating residential exposure topesticides and electromagnetic fields, with a geographic information system and mapsrepresenting exposure sources and places of residence. Then we applied these tools to braintumours in the case-control study CERENAT.Results: We present in this thesis, the initial version of the two job-exposure matrices PESTIPOPand PESTIMAT, focusing on occupational exposure to pesticides, to the building of which wecontributed, as well as exposure metrics to pesticides and electromagnetic fields obtained witha geographic information system. Furthermore, we present the results of risk analysis aboutbrain tumours and exposure to pesticides and electromagnetic fields, carried out using thedeveloped metrics. We found a significant increase of brain tumour risk when people lived a longtime near cereal crops and at less than 50 meters from high voltage electric lines. Results differedaccording to quality of data used to build the geographic metrics.Conclusion: The metrics we developed have been used and tested in current epidemiologicalstudies: the CERENAT study and the ELFE cohort study. They showed their ability to discriminateindividuals according to exposure, varying depending on the parameters used. However, theimplementation of these methods has encountered some difficulties, particularly the limitedavailability of historical data needed for the metrics’ construction
Perret, Bruno. "Etude de quelques méthodes de domaine fictif et applications aux ondes électromagnétiques." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066589.
Full textNdiaye-Tandia, Oumy. "Caractérisation électromagnétique de nouveaux matériaux pour des applications industrielles aux fréquences micro-ondes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10161/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a Join Research Project entitled Electromagnetic Characterization of new Materials for Industrial Applications up to microwave frequencies (EMINDA). The central aim of EMINDA is to develop traceable Electromagnetic (EM) materials metrology to enable the uptake of new EM and functional materials by European industries, especially electronics and ICT related industries.The project aims initially to develop techniques for electromagnetic characterization of materials at the submicron scale to microwave frequencies, and later to extend the metrological traceability of these materials. An electromagnetic characterization technique has been developed to extract electromagnetic properties of ferroelectric thin films (BST and PZT) from a CPW topology (CoPlanar Waveguide). CPW measurements on such thin-films have been shown to be the most tractable for metrological purposes.This thesis also aims to make comparative measurements between national metrology institutes using different experimental techniques. This work will constitute at European level, a measurement base of electromagnetic properties of emerging materials in industry with high accuracy on uncertainties measurements up to 110 GHz
Dalmay, Claire. "Conception et réalisation de bio-capteurs électromagnétiques pour l'analyse cellulaire aux fréquences micro-ondes." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/daf86dd9-9eab-415f-8b07-ee8d66063121/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4066.pdf.
Full textRecent progress in micro technologies and important needs in biomedical field have risen up a great interest in the development of miniaturized biosensors for cell scale analysis. Sensibility of such devices is enhanced allowing one single cell analysis. This work deals with the development of new micro biosensors based on an electronic bio detection method, for label free cell scale analysis using microwave frequencies. The interest in using planar microwave resonators or filters for the analysis is demonstrated. An original bio detection method has been developed allowing analysis at one single cell scale and leading to discriminate different cell types thanks to their own dielectric parameters. Study on cancerous stem cells has been also begun proving the high potential of fabricated biosensors for accurate cell sorting
Bourgeois, David. "Apport du modèle ionosphérique Multi-Quasi-Parabolique aux algorithmes de pistage appliqués au radar transhorizon Nostradamus." Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/03CERG0257.pdf.
Full textSince 1960, Over-The-Horizon Radars have been studied. These radars exploit the refractive nature of high frequency propagation through ionosphere to achieve wide-area surveillance. In 1984, the French National Aerospace Research Establishment (called ONERA) built the French Over-The-Horizon Radar called Nostradamus. This radar brought two main innovations : it was a monostatic radar, enabling the elevation angle measurement (angle between the ground and the electromagnetic wave). The ionospheric propagation is source of multiple paths and makes the target location estimation difficult. First studies of tracking algorithms which can be used with these radars dated only from the year 1990. To take into account the ionospheric effects, they have to be built using propagation models. As Nostradamus Radar measures the elevation angle, new propagation models can be encountered. In this document we study the possibility to integrate directly into tracking algorithms the Multi-Quasi-Parabolic ionospheric Model. We show that using our proposed method performance on target ground location estimation and multipaths processing are increased. Examples are given on real data in a monotarget context, and on simulated data in a multitargets context
Crépin, Thomas. "Techniques de caractérisation aux fréquences térahertz : application aux métamatériaux." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/10d7b3e7-0680-4007-be1a-1412f0574f43.
Full textJoyal, Marc-André. "Étude et fabrication de circuits amplificateurs dédiés aux métamatériaux électromagnétiques rayonnants." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1490.
Full textBezerra, Cardoso Maurício Henrique. "Modélisation de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques près du sol : application aux réseaux sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1035/document.
Full textMotivated by the development of various applications deploying antennas near an interface, such as military systems (UGS), wireless body area networks (BAN) and environmental monitoring involving ground sensors, this thesis deals with the near-ground wave propagation modelling. First, the results of the geometrical optics are confronted with the approximations provided by Norton and Bannister. This study reveals the cases where geometrical optics does not correctly describe the wave propagation near the surface. For a more comprehensive understanding, Green's functions of this type of propagation, presented as Sommerfeld integrals, are evaluated using the steepest descent technique. This evaluation offers the possibility to extract three important equations for near-ground wave propagation. The first one presents the essential condition under which the link budget can benefit from the ground proximity through the excitation of a diffracted wave component propagating near the interface. The other two equations identify critical distances indicating the beginning and the end of the zone with an improved path loss. All these three equations highlight the role of certain physical parameters, in particular the electromagnetic properties of the ground, the working frequency and the heights of the antennas. This thesis also includes the practical solutions that can be considered to demonstrate the feasibility of improving a wireless link by the proximity of the antennas to the interface. Since floor coating is of major importance, we present preliminary research on the realisation and characterisation of a suitable material for this type of propagation. In a parallel research axis, this thesis also evaluates the accuracy and relevance of a new theoretical formulation for near-ground propagation. The "so-called Schelkunoff" formulation has become a controversial issue in the scientific community
Loubignac, Eric. "Etude du mélange à quatre ondes résonnant à deux couleurs dans les milieux en combustion : application aux composés azotés." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS024.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the feasability to measure the concentration of NO2 and N2O by non intrusive techniques in combustion media. The application of two-color resonant four-wave mixing (TC-RFWM) processes is investigated to probe these molecules. Two kinds of signals with very different properties are observed : a TC-RFWM signal and a LITG signal (Laser-Induced Thermal Grating). The properties of the TC-RFWM signal and the feasability of measuring the concentration of N2O by using this technique in the infrared range have been studied numerically. The sensibility of this technique is estimated in this particular case. A parametric study of the properties of the LITG signal and an experimental study devoted to the measurement of NO2 concentration at room temperature and in flames have been done. The behavior of LITG signal has been characterized versus many parameters. A sensibility of 20 ppm at 800 K has been obtained in a CH4/air diffusion flame
Tayeb, Gérard. "Contribution à l'étude de la diffraction des ondes électromagnétiques par des réseaux : réflexion sur les méthodes existantes et sur leur extension aux milieux anisotropes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323714.
Full textNativel, Eric Laurent. "Imagerie électromagnétique hyperfréquence en champ proche : du concept de sonde locale aux applications industrielles." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20105.
Full textGuillot, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude des discontinuités en guides métalliques : application aux transitions et aux filtres." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT084H.
Full textSoccorsi, Eric. "Etude mathématique de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans des milieux irréguliers : analyse spectrale et principe d'absorption limité." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11028.
Full textPelletier, Amandine. "Impact d'une exposition chronique aux ondes radiofréquences type antenne relais sur l'homéostasie énergétique : modèle de rat juvénile." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED009.
Full textThe effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields remain controversial. Sleep disturbances were found but most studies did not control the thermal stress whose impact on sleep is well known. This study was performed to assess the influence of chronic exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by the antennae of mobile phone on physiological functions involved in the control of energy homeostasis during in juvenile rats. Sleep, body temperatures, food intake and locomotor activity were recorded during the day. Results showed a decrease of the tail temperature of the rat exposed to a thermoneutral environment. The use of a pharmacological agent (prazosin) showed that this decrease was induced by an increase in vasoconstrictor tone which reduces body heat losses. This was accompanied by an increase in food intake and in locomotor activity. Changes in sleep architecture were also found during the exposure. Animals exposed to RF-EMF modified their thermopreferendum choosing warm air temperatures. Thus the chronic exposure to RF-EMF modifies the autonomic and behavioral responses involve in the maintenance of body homeothermia. Animals develop a strategy of energy conservation by increasing the input energy and limiting losses. This study also point out the relevance of behavioral response in the management of the body energy flow
Couty, Eric. "Conception d'antennes compactes pour des applications embarquées large bande." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0017.
Full textSolignac-Thizon, Sophia. "Etudes de l'élargissement de la bande passante de réseaux d'antennes imprimées en polarisation circulaire : Conception et réalisation de réseaux en bande C et Ka." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0033.
Full textMigault, Lucile. "Exposition maternelle aux champs électromagnétiques, prématurité et petit poids de naissance pour l’âge gestationnel : données des cohortes Elfe et Epipage2." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0263/document.
Full textElectromagnetic fields in the environment - whether extremely low frequency or radiofrequency - are responsible for continuous population exposure. However, the potential impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields on neonatal health during pregnancy is still not well known, in particular due to the difficulties for epidemiological studies to assess in sufficient detail and precision the exposure to electromagnetic fields, which is ubiquitous. The first objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between maternal exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and two indicators of neonatal health: prematurity and small for gestational age. The second objective was to build a tool for quantitative estimation of occupational exposure to radiofrequencies. The work carried out in response to the first objective is based on data from two French birth cohorts. Cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields during pregnancy was assessed using a job-exposure matrix. The results were in favor of an absence of association with the risk of small for gestational age. However, for the risk of spontaneous prematurity, a modest association was reported among the most exposed mothers up to 28 weeks of gestation. The work carried out in response to the second objective is based on an international collaboration. On the basis of the job calendars collected in an international case-control study and exposure measurements extracted from the literature, a first quantitative job-exposure matrix to estimate occupational exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields in epidemiological studies was created
Rojatkar, Ashish. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de l'exposition réelle des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC028/document.
Full textThe work presented in the thesis is directed towards addressing the requirement for determining the radio frequency (RF) exposure due to mobile phones under typical usage/ real-life scenarios and also to develop a method to predict and compare mobile phones for their real-life RF exposure. The mobile phones are characterized for their specific absorption rate (SAR) and for transmit and receive performance given by the over-the-air (OTA) characterization. Using the SAR and the total radiated power (TRP) characterization, an exposure index referred to as the SAROTA index was previously proposed to predict the real-life exposure due to mobile phones which would also serve as a metric to compare individual phones. In order to experimentally determine the real-life RF exposure, various software modified phones (SMP) are utilized for the study. These phones contain an embedded software capable of recording the network parameters. The study is undertaken in the following order: (a) Characterization of the available tools and resources for performing targeted measurements/experiments, (b) identifying the important radio resource parameters and metrics to perform the targeted measurements, (c) investigation of the actual implementation of the power control mechanism in a live network for various received signal level and received quality environments, (d) investigating the correlation of the over-the-air performance of the mobile phones and the extent of actual power control realization, (e) comparing the actual exposure and the real-life exposure as predicted by the SAROTA index. Based on the logistical and technical challenges encountered, the experiments were restricted to indoor environments to enable repeatability. During the first phase of the study, the stability of the indoor environment was evaluated. During the second phase, the influence of hand phantom on the SAR and TRP of the mobile phones and the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure was investigated. Further developing on the insights from the hand phantom experiments, in the third phase, a set of identical software modified phones were externally modified to alter the TRP performance and the methodology to determine the real-life exposure and also verify the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure levels was investigated. The experiments demonstrate that the SAROTA index is capable of predicting the real-life exposure and comparing the mobile phones
Lô, Mame Diarra Bousso. "Étude paramétrique et analyse conjointe modélisations / mesures pour la définition d'indicateurs d'expositions aux ondes électromagnétiques en environnement urbain." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2251/document.
Full textWith the increasing number of mobile phone users, new services and mobile applications, the proliferation of radio antennas has raised concerns about human exposure to electromagnetic waves. This is now a challenging topic to many stakeholders such as local authorities, mobile phone operators, citizen and consumer groups, etc. The assessment of human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the urban environment is mainly based on numerical modeling. The improvement of computational tools together with the quantity and quality of available topographic data has strongly promoted this approach. Numerical modeling is now used in combination with several types of measurements to perform risk analysis and management. It is the basis of decision-making tools and local regulations. It is also used during consultations between the public, the industry, local authorities, governments and associations. The results of these methods are therefore increasingly important. This research contributes to gain knowledge about quantifying the human exposure from base stations through the combination of measurements and simulations, while taking into account the concept of variability of the electrical field. A first part of this work establishes the benefits and limitations of computational methods as well as measurements when assessing exposure to electric fields in urban environment. A second part of this work is aimed at characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of the actual exposure, which is a very important requirement because of the high variability of the electrical field and the difficulty of finding a relevant indicator to quantify the real exposure
Galiègue, Hélène. "Modélisation des effets des scintillations ionosphériques sur la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques en bande L aux latitudes polaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30107/document.
Full textThe ionospheric plasma is located at the border between neutral atmosphere and outer space and many complex ionization reactions occur inside this turbulent medium. The Earth magnetic field and induced electric fields cause rapid fluctuations of electron density, both spatially and temporarily. When crossing this turbulent layer, RF signals show fast variations of amplitude and phase, especially at high latitudes. This phenomenon is called ionospheric scintillation and it is particularly feared by air navigation using GNSS services, since it degrades the availability and the integrity of signals. This PhD dissertation presents a complete modeling of the effects of ionospheric scintillation, with 3 anisotropy axes. It is based on a numerical approach using the multiple phase screens technique, both in 3D and 2D schemes, and on the analytical resolution of electromagnetic propagation equation, also both in 3D and 2D configurations. The limits of use of a 2D numerical scheme have been outlined by these original formulations of phase and log-amplitude variances and spectra. This complete modeling associated with a sensitivity study on these variances and spectra opens up interesting perspectives on data inversion, in order to better estimate the physical characteristics of the ionospheric medium
Deniau, Virginie. "Recherche des caractéristiques optimales d'un nouveau moyen d'essais électromagnétiques appliqué aux tests d'équipements électroniques embarqués sur véhicules." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-75-76.pdf.
Full textRidaoui, Khalid. "Contribution à l'étude du couplage électromagnétique guide d'onde - milieu dissipatif : extension aux milieux hétérogènes (application à l'imagerie radiométrique microonde)." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-389.pdf.
Full textGoeury, Christophe. "Compatibilité électromagnétique des implants médicaux actifsContribution à la caractérisation de l'immunité des stimulateurs cardiaques aux perturbations électromagnétiques basses fréquences." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0142_GOEURY.pdf.
Full textRoissé, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude dans leur contexte du comportement électromagnétique des éléments constitutifs d'un bâtiment." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0025.
Full textMercado-Saucedo, Alberto Carlos. "Quelques problèmes inverses et de contrôlabilité : transmission des ondes et transport-diffusion." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0033.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the study of inverse inequalities for some linear partial differential equations. In the first chapter we study the linear transport-diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient given by a small positive parameter. We study the controllability for the transport equation and the convergence of the solutions of the transport-diffusion equation when the diffusion goes to zero. We deduce some bound for the cost of the approximate controllability for the transport diffusion equation when the diffusion goes to zero. In the second chapter we consider a transmission wave equation in two embedded domains in Rn, where the speed is a1 > 0 in the inner domain and a2 > 0 in the outer domain. We prove a global Carleman inequality for this problem under some convexity hypothesis for the inner domain, and assuming a2 < a1. As a consequence of this inequality, we obtain uniqueness and Lipschitz stability for the inverse problem of retrieving a stationary potential for the wave equation with Dirichlet data and discontinuous principal coefficient from a single time-dependent Neumann boundary measurement
Guitton, Fabrice. "Etude des formes d'onde CEM permettant d'éliminer le filtre secteur d'un convertisseur commutant des charges résistives directement sur le réseau basse tension : application aux circuits intégrés de puissance ASD TM." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4016.
Full textAdane, Yacine. "Caractérisation inverse de sources pour l'évaluation de l'exposition humaine aux ondes électromagnétiques émises par les antennes de station de base." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066348.
Full textLe, Fur Gwenn. "Contribution aux méthodes de mesure de rendement d’antenne : caractérisation par "ULB Wheeler Cap" et via le retournement temporel en chambre réverbérante." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469361.
Full textThe UWB technology implies new challenges for antenna characterization. The associated antenna's efficiency measurement methods require rapidity and performances. First a state of the art on usuals and new methods is proposed. A first method ("UWB Wheeler Cap") is described and analysed through several studies and experiments to improve its knowledge. At last a new method for UWB antennas is proposed. By using Reverberation Chamber and Time Reversal, the method TREM (Time Reversal Efficiency Measurement), performed in time domain, gives access to a wide band information in a very short time. In the same time it is necessary to develop filtering devices to adapt the UWB to existing technologies. A planar, passive and small filter structure is developped, integrated and measured to obtain multiband and band notch antenna
Girard, Christophe. "Contribution à la modélisation des structures filiaires en régime transitoire : Application en compatibilité électromagnétique." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0041.
Full textKanso, Mohamed. "Sur le modèle de Kerr-Debye pour la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14587/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study non-linear PDE systems modeling the electromagnetic propagation in Kerr media. We consider two models. The first one is the Kerr-Debye model, it assumes a finite response time of the medium. The second one is the Kerr model, it assumes an instantaneous response. We deal with relaxation systems as defined by Chen-Levermore-Liu (CPAM 1994). For small data, we establish results of global existence of smooth solutions in 3D for the Cauchy problem and the IBVP. Then we investigate asymptotic preserving finite volume schemes and we study their performance on physical cases
Bertrand, Valérie. "Génération optoélectronique, propagation et rayonnement d'impulsions électromagnétiques ultrabrèves. Application à l'étude d'un banc de caractérisation en millimétrique." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0021.
Full textGros, Jean-Baptiste. "Statistiques spatiales des cavités chaotiques ouvertes : applications aux cavités électromagnétiques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4150.
Full textMode-stirred reverberation chambers (RC) are used in the industry to test the immunity or the susceptibility of on-board electronic systems (plane, automobile, smartphone) towards the electromagnetic waves present in their environment. Mode-stirred RCs have to comply with a number of statistical criteria fixed by international standards. The chief criterion relies on a statistically uniform and isotropic field around the object under test. In order to improve and master the statistical properties of these systems for frequencies close to their lowest useable frequency, we suggest making them chaotic to take advantage of universal statistical properties of the resonances of chaotic cavities. We first show how to make chaotic RCs by simple modifications of a conventional RC and how to extend the predictions of the random matrix theory applied to the effective hamiltonien describing the open chaotic systems, to the case of vectorial fields. Then, we compare, by means of simulations and experiments, the distributions of intensity and the fluctuations of the maxima of the field in a conventional RC and in a chaotic RC close to the lowest useable frequency. This work illustrates that the universal spectral and spatial statistical properties of chaotic RCs allow to better comply with the criteria required by the international standards
Aubreton, Thierry. "Application des méthodes asymptotiques transitoires et harmoniques aux antennes et à la compatibilité électromagnétique." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0016.
Full textDognon, Christophe. "Conception et adaptation d'outils électromagnétiques pour déterminer le couplage d'une onde à l'intérieur de batiments complexes : application à un navire." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0043.
Full textCollin, Alice. "Dosimétrie de systèmes d’exposition pour l’étude in vivo ou in vitro des interactions des ondes électromagnétiques décimétriques et centimétriques avec le vivant." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/890646d5-f422-481e-8c9c-433bab0904ca/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4008.pdf.
Full textThe development of the new wireless technologies has strengthened the issue of possible effects of the microwave. So, this work contributes to the study of interactions between microwave and living cells. The analysis of the coupling between the electromagnetic fields and the animal or biological samples, allows to estimate SAR (W/kg) distribution in the biological medium. These results contribute to the development and the characterisation of in vivo and in vitro exposure setups, used on a large frequency band, typically from 500 MHz to 10 GHz. The systems studied are based on far field exposure in anechoïc chambers, with a horn antenna, and a biological setup: an incubator for the in vitro studies, and a box for in vivo studies. A more accurate analysis for two frequencies, 1800 MHz and 2,45 GHz, has shown the very strong influence of the frequency on dosimetric analysis
Zhang, Fuli. "Technologies des métamatériaux électromagnétiques en volume : application aux éléments de guidage et de rayonnement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10058/document.
Full textRecently, metamaterial has attracted much attention due to unique property such as negative index. This thesis is devoted to various aspects of this field: left and right handed balanced structure, low loss, tunability and Mie resonance based metamaterial. An omega-like left and right handed balanced metamaterial was proposed following the guideline of equality of magnetic and electric plasma frequency. It is shown that this metamaterial exhibits a broad passband from 8.0 - 16.0 GHz with a transition frequency at 13.6 GHz between negative and positive index branches. Then, an omega-type left handed metamaterial (LHM) operating at millimeter wavelengths was fabricated. The left handed passband centered around 80 GHz was observed. The low insertion loss of -0.5 dB/cell may meet requirement of practical application. We studied tunable metamaterial based on nematic liquid crystal. Magnetically tunable split ring resonator shows a resonance dip shift of 300 MHz under external magnetic field. Then a tunable LHM was fabricated. Effective index variation of 0.25 arising from liquid crystal reorientation was found. Finally, we investigated Mie resonance based dielectric resonator and its related application. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) cube exhibits isotropic magnetic resonance for tilted incidence. Besides, a thin layer of BST cubes can perform as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) due to in-phase reflection around magnetic resonance. Such an AMC enhances directivity of antenna more than two times. In addition, a full dielectric cloak was also demonstrated numerically by radically positioning BST rectangular bricks
Vaitilingom, Laurent. "Diffusion bistatique des ondes EM par une surface rugueuse en HF : application aux fouillis maritime et terrestre." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2030.
Full textThe use of HF radar is interesting because it can cover a larger area than a classical radar which is limited by electromagnetic horizon. However, the use of such radar is not easy because, in this frequency band, antennas are huge and ionospheric and surfacic clutters disturb the task of the radar. In order to improve the EM wave processing in HF band, we focus on the EM characterization of surfacic clutter in HF hand. In that respect, we concentrate on an estimation of EM signature in HF band of sea and ground clutter. First, we study EM scattering models which are generally used in frequencies between 1 and 20 GHz. We outline the hypothesis of approximate models which enable us to calculate EM scattering coefficients. We establish the validity domains of models, and the types of surface upon these models can be applied. We also examine the expressions of scattering coefficient estimated in specific configurations (monostatic, forward scattering and bistatic). Then, to apply the scattering models considered on sea and ground surfaces, we analyse geometrical and physical characterization tools for different types of surfaces. Finally, we analyse the effects, on scattering coefficients, of parameters liked to the studied surface (wind speed and wind direction, temperature and salinity of salt water, Doppler frequency for sea surface; composition and roughness for ground surface), of biostatic geometry parameters and of incident frequency. The methodology adopted in this work to study scattering coefficients estimated by different models and applied on natural surfaces combines both aspects of modeling and simulation and it is evaluated in comparison with results published in open literature
Péron, Victor. "Modélisation mathématique de phénomènes électromagnétiques dans des matériaux à fort contraste." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421736.
Full textD'autre part, on étudie le comportement du champ électromagnétique dans une cellule biologique modélisée par un milieu entouré d'une couche mince et plongée dans un milieu ambiant. On calcule des conditions de transmission approchées sur le bord du domaine intérieur équivalentes à la couche mince.