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Academic literature on the topic 'Exposure parameters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Exposure parameters"

1

K., Sunita. "HEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS AFTER EXPOSURE PEROIDS OF ACEPHATE IN FRESHWATER SNAKE HEADED FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATA." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 4 (2018): 302–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1322891.

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The present study assesses the acute toxicity and behavioral alterations due to Acephate, an organophosphate pesticide on Channa punctata. The sublethal concentration of Acephate is 910 mg/L. In the present study the alterations in the hematological profiles were investigated in C. punctata after exposure to lethal and sublethal exposures of Acephate. The values of different blood parameters after toxicant exposure and percent changes over control were presented. Toxicants mainly act on circulatory system and show major impact on blood parameters. Hence, our present study revealed the effect of pesticide toxicity on blood parameters. In our studies, we have observed the significant changes in blood parameters after exposed to 1 day lethal, 1 sublethal, 5 day sublethal and 10 sublethal concentrations of Acephate. In the present study the RBC counts, WBC counts, Hb, and PCV levels were decreased significantly (p <0.05) toxicant exposed fish when compared to control fish. The MCV, MCH and MCHC levels were increased in toxicant exposed fish when compared to control fish. Also the Glucose, TL, AST and ALT levels were increased significantly (p <0.05) after exposure of Acephate but the TP values were decreased significantly.

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Duty, Susan M., Manori J. Silva, Dana B. Barr, et al. "Phthalate Exposure and Human Semen Parameters." Epidemiology 14, no. 3 (2003): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000059950.11836.16.

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Tiitola, M., T. Vehmas, R. P. Kivisaari, and L. Kivisaari. "Optimising imaging parameters in experimental spiral CT." Acta Radiologica 38, no. 5 (1997): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859709172435.

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Purpose: This in vitro study was conducted to analyse lesion detection and relative radiation exposure in different CT techniques. Material and Methods: We used a plastic phantom (12x8x2 cm) containing holes filled with air or fluid of varying densities to simulate lesions. This was imaged with Siemens Somatom Plus S and GE High Speed Advantage units. We varied table feeds (3 and 6 mm/s in Siemens and 3 and 4.5 mm/s in GE) and increments (2 mm and 4 mm) while keeping collimation at 3 mm. The Smartscan program of GE and the reformatting algorithm of Siemens were also analysed. To evaluate the different methods, the phantom lesions were counted by 3 observers. Radiation exposures associated with each technique were also measured. Results: The images reformatted to a coronal direction were significantly inferior (p < 0.01) to those in other techniques. The use of Smartscan did not influence lesion detection, nor did changes in pitch or increment. Spiral and non-spiral techniques proved to be equal. Radiation exposure was lowest when a greater pitch or the Smartscan program was used. Conclusion: Radiation exposure in CT can be limited without significantly impairing the image quality by using low-dose techniques. Reformatting to a coronal direction should be used with care as it debases the image quality.

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Bahri, P., B. B??gaud, and N. Moore. "Exposure Data for Pharmacovigilance - Methods and Parameters." Drug Safety 29, no. 10 (2006): 911–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629100-00077.

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Emmett, Edward A. "Community exposure to PFOA and health parameters." Reproductive Toxicology 27, no. 3-4 (2009): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.11.009.

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Robbins, Wendie A., Lin Xun, Juan Jia, Nola Kennedy, David A. Elashoff, and Liu Ping. "Chronic boron exposure and human semen parameters." Reproductive Toxicology 29, no. 2 (2010): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.003.

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Viegas, Olga, Mafalda Prucha, Vural Gökmen, and Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira. "Parameters affecting 5-hydroxymethylfurfural exposure from beer." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35, no. 8 (2018): 1464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1483584.

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Nelson, B. K. "Selecting exposure parameters in developmental neurotoxicity assessments." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 13, no. 6 (1991): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0362(91)90039-y.

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Hirata, M., and H. Kosaka. "Effects of Lead Exposure on Neurophysiological Parameters." Environmental Research 63, no. 1 (1993): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1993.1127.

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Pôrto, Larissa Bertollo Gomes, and Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto. "Food Colors’ Dietary Exposure in the Brazilian Population Using the 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 POF Food Consumption Databases." Foods 13, no. 24 (2024): 4006. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13244006.

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Two out of the four steps of risk assessment for chemical substances in food, i.e., exposure assessment and risk characterization, merit regional evaluation based on current legislation and local food consumption data. Therefore, mean and high exposures to food colors were estimated in Brazil using a conservative approach to screen substances with a higher risk of the exceedance of safety parameters. Brazilian National Consumption Surveys from the Household Budget Surveys (POF—Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares) from 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 were combined with the maximum permitted levels of 33 food colors. Higher exposure estimates were obtained for the oldest POF database. High priority for a refined exposure assessment was identified for six food colors for which the mean and high exposures were higher than the safety parameters, while medium priority was observed for eleven food colors for which the mean exposures were below but the high exposures were above the safety parameters. Low priority was noted for 16 substances for which no exceedance was obtained despite the conservativeness of the methodology applied. The prioritization of food colors for future risk assessments was achieved to identify substances for which more refined exposure methodologies are necessary to characterize the risk to health.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exposure parameters"

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Carpenter, James R. "Simulated confidence regions for parameters in epidemiological models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320182.

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Noland, Jeffrey Edward. "RISK PARAMETERS AND ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY dsRNA EXPOSURE IN FOLSOMIA CANDIDA." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/37.

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Assessing the risk of transgenic crop products is essential when determining the safety of a crop for deregulation and commercialization. The Organization of Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD), International Standards Organization (ISO), and governmental regulatory agencies require a battery of tests to demonstrate the safety of a GM product against several surrogate species of organisms that perform various ecosystem services. Assays are performed using toxicology methods established for pesticides. These methods have been applied to testing the safety, specificity and fate of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry protein toxins engineered into crop plants and information exists on the effects on non-target organisms (NTOs). Toxicology assays are typically evaluated through a tier-based approach, where, if no or negligible risk via oral toxicity or phenotypic changes then a risk decision can be made. Long term exposure studies are often performed after commercial release of the crop occurs and provide a more in depth understanding of environmental impacts. Risk analyses are currently being performed on the product of the next generation of GM crops that express dsRNAs against Western Corn Rootworm. This thesis provides another such study, primarily focused on Folsomia candida, a microarthropod that is the subject of numerous toxicological studies. I describe the development of dsRNA stability assays, which indicate stability of dsRNA across assay time, both with and without F. candida. When exposed to dsRNA levels several orders of magnitude higher that what would be encountered in the environment, F. candida is not negatively impacted as seen through gene expression and life history trait analysis.

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Lança, Luís Jorge Oliveira Carrasco. "Radiological imaging in digital systems: the effect of exposure parameters in diagnostic quality and patient dose." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3950.

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Doutoramento em Tecnologias da Saúde<br>Esta tese pretende contribuir para o estudo e análise dos factores relacionados com as técnicas de aquisição de imagens radiológicas digitais, a qualidade diagnóstica e a gestão da dose de radiação em sistema de radiologia digital. A metodologia encontra-se organizada em duas componentes. A componente observacional, baseada num desenho do estudo de natureza retrospectiva e transversal. Os dados recolhidos a partir de sistemas CR e DR permitiram a avaliação dos parâmetros técnicos de exposição utilizados em radiologia digital, a avaliação da dose absorvida e o índice de exposição no detector. No contexto desta classificação metodológica (retrospectiva e transversal), também foi possível desenvolver estudos da qualidade diagnóstica em sistemas digitais: estudos de observadores a partir de imagens arquivadas no sistema PACS. A componente experimental da tese baseou-se na realização de experiências em fantomas para avaliar a relação entre dose e qualidade de imagem. As experiências efectuadas permitiram caracterizar as propriedades físicas dos sistemas de radiologia digital, através da manipulação das variáveis relacionadas com os parâmetros de exposição e a avaliação da influência destas na dose e na qualidade da imagem. Utilizando um fantoma contrastedetalhe, fantomas antropomórficos e um fantoma de osso animal, foi possível objectivar medidas de quantificação da qualidade diagnóstica e medidas de detectabilidade de objectos. Da investigação efectuada, foi possível salientar algumas conclusões. As medidas quantitativas referentes à performance dos detectores são a base do processo de optimização, permitindo a medição e a determinação dos parâmetros físicos dos sistemas de radiologia digital. Os parâmetros de exposição utilizados na prática clínica mostram que a prática não está em conformidade com o referencial Europeu. Verifica-se a necessidade de avaliar, melhorar e implementar um padrão de referência para o processo de optimização, através de novos referenciais de boa prática ajustados aos sistemas digitais. Os parâmetros de exposição influenciam a dose no paciente, mas a percepção da qualidade de imagem digital não parece afectada com a variação da exposição. Os estudos que se realizaram envolvendo tanto imagens de fantomas como imagens de pacientes mostram que a sobreexposição é um risco potencial em radiologia digital. A avaliação da qualidade diagnóstica das imagens mostrou que com a variação da exposição não se observou degradação substancial da qualidade das imagens quando a redução de dose é efectuada. Propõe-se o estudo e a implementação de novos níveis de referência de diagnóstico ajustados aos sistemas de radiologia digital. Como contributo da tese, é proposto um modelo (STDI) para a optimização de sistemas de radiologia digital.<br>In the present study an attempt has been made to contribute for the analysis of the factors related with the technical acquisition, the quality of the diagnostic image and dose management in digital detector systems for projection radiography. The thesis methodology is organized in two components. The observational component is based on a retrospective and transversal design. The data collected from CR and DR systems allowed the evaluation of exposure parameters from digital images, absorbed dose and exposure index to the detector. Under this classification (retrospective and transversal design) it was also possible to develop diagnostic quality evaluations from digital radiographic images: observer performance studies from digital images stored in the PACS. Under the experimental component of this thesis several experiments using phantoms were performed in order to evaluate the relation between dose and image quality. The experiments allowed the characterization of physical properties of digital image systems and manipulation of variables such as those related to exposure parameters and evaluation of its influence in dose and image quality. Using a contrast-detail phantom, anthropomorphic phantoms and an animal bone phantom it was possible to provide objective measures concerning the quantification of diagnostic quality and measures of object detectability. According to the research undertaken several conclusions could be highlighted. Quantitative measures of DR and CR detectors performance provide a basis for optimization, allowing to measure and determinate the physical properties of digital radiology image systems. Exposure parameters being used in digital radiography shows that current routine radiographic practice does not comply with European guidelines concerning exposure techniques. There is a need to evaluate, improve and establish a baseline reference aiming exposure optimization and provide new guidelines for current digital systems. Exposure parameters influence patient dose in digital radiology but image quality perception seems not to be affected with exposure variation. Studies performed both with phantoms and patients showed that overexposure is a potential risk when working with digital systems. Evaluation of diagnostic quality of digital images when a variation of exposure parameters is provided showed no substantial decrease in image quality when dose reduction is achieved. New dose reference levels should be studied and implemented according to the digital system characteristics and performance. A conceptual framework (STDI) is proposed as an attempt to provide a practical method to optimize digital radiology systems.<br>FCT/PROTEC

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Esterhuizen, Bevan Peter. "The effects of titanium oxide nanoparticles on cultured cells and the immune system." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8428.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Engineered nanomaterials derived from various bulk materials are being developed in ever larger quantities and with very diverse chemical compositions. The physical and chemical properties of the smaller nanoparticles are very different compared to their larger bulk chemicals. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are an example of such an engineered nanomaterial. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are mainly used as a pigment in many applications such as glazes, enamels, plastics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and it is widely used in sunscreens. Human exposure to TiO2NPs can occur both during manufacturing and use.

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Cano, Tim. "The use of selected physiological parameters as indicators of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9739.

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Hatchery reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were caged at two locations in the St. Lawrence river near Cornwall, Ontario. One cage was anchored in an area of high polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination, within an iron enclosure near the General Motors Foundry at Massena, N.Y. during a dredging operation designed to remove PCB contaminated sediments from the river. A second control cage was placed in the Snye channel, known to have low PCB concentrations. Hatchery fish were sampled to provide a time 0 control, and fish from each site were collected following 21 and 41 day exposure. Plasma, muscle, bone, and liver were harvested and assayed to determine muscle PCB levels, plasma cortisol, electrolyte, lactate and glucose concentrations, bone calcium, muscle water and the activity of a variety of liver enzymes. Total PCB levels were significantly higher in fish muscle from the General Motors site but few differences were found in any of the physiological parameters. Levels of bone calcium decreased in fish exposed to high PCB levels, suggesting an effect of PCBs on either the thyroid or ultimobranchial bodies. Pyruvate kinase activity in the liver of PCB exposed fish suggests a shift in energy metabolism to a greater reliance on glycogenolysis. Both parameters require further study to determine the feasibility of their use as bioindicators of PCB stress.

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Saccomano, Margaret Eloise. "The Effect of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Ventilation Parameters and Receptor Expression in the Neonatal Rat Brainstem." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146649.

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Prenatal nicotine exposure has recently been linked to respiratory dysfunction in infants and has been named one of the largest contributing factors in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Experiments were performed using the neonatal rat model to determine the mechanism behind the link between prenatal nicotine exposure and respiratory dysfunction, clinically manifesting itself as SIDS. Protocol called for full body plethysmography to be performed on nicotine exposed or saline exposed neonates on postnatal days 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 21. However, a dysfunctioning apparatus impeded ventilation procedures. Animals were then transcardially perfused, postfixed and brains were dissected. Medullas were cut into 40 μm transverse slices and mounted on electrostatic slides. Immunohistochemistry was used to fluorescently tag cells containing important structure and receptors within the medulla including NeuN, NK-1R, nAChR, GABA-AR and Glutamate AMPAR. Cells were visualized for receptor expression and receptor density in control animals vs. PNE animals was studied. Needed changes in protocol prevented conclusive findings that established the relationship in question. These changes included the use of Trizma buffer over PBS and the reduction in the concentration of the fluorescent secondary antibodies used. However these changes will prove to be useful information in further experiments.

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Cui, Wenbin. "Comparative Evaluation on Human Infants Dietary Mercury Exposure through Consumption of Fish and Rice Products." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3464.

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Human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) through diets (e.g., fish and rice) is a global health concern. Although MeHg exposure through fish consumption has long been considered the major route of mercury health risks, studies concerning the long-term changes in MeHg exposure from fish remain lacking. In sharply contrast to the fish MeHg issue, the presence of MeHg in rice has only been reported recently and its implications on MeHg exposure, albeit probably important, are still in infancy. Focusing on the discrepancies in the studies of MeHg exposure through fish and rice consumption, this study was aimed to assess the MeHg exposure of human infants through consumption of rice cereals and to evaluate the long-term changes in fish MeHg. The presence of MeHg in rice prompted the studies on MeHg concentrations and bioaccessibility in rice cereals and potential infant dietary exposure to MeHg through cereal consumption, which is believed to be the first of its kind. The analysis of a variety of infant cereals sampled from the common markets in the United States and China showed that the concentrations of MeHg in the cereals ranged from 0.07 to 13.9 µg/kg with a mean of 1.61 µg/kg. On the basis of these MeHg concentrations, the daily intake of MeHg through rice cereal consumption for infants was estimated to be 4-122% of the reference dose (RfD). The MeHg bioaccessibility in the cereals, determined using an in vitro digestion method, ranged from 25 to 74% with a mean of 48±16%. A further examination on these results, however, revealed the occurrence of MeHg re-adsorption during extraction steps, which leads to the underestimation of MeHg bioaccessibility and warrants cautions to be exercised when using these procedures to evaluate bioaccessibility in general. The long-term changes in fish MeHg were investigated through conducting a comprehensive data analysis on datasets for the Everglades, a well-studied aquatic ecosystem for Hg contamination. The results showed a clear decline of MeHg in mosquitofish in the Everglades during the past two decades, which was probably related to changes in environmental conditions (e.g., periphyton, dissolve organic matter, and sulfate) instead of mercury deposition.

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Reppas, Chrysovitsinos Efstathios. "In silico methods to prioritize chemicals with high exposure potential." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149358.

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Chemicals offer a wide range of desired functions and are used in a variety of consumer goods and industrial sectors. The number of individual synthetic organic chemicals produced and the total global chemical production volume are increasing. The majority of these anthropogenic chemicals are not monitored in environmental matrices nor in the indoor environment even though some are associated with undesirable consequences and the range of possible chemical impacts is still far from being fully understood. Chemicals that remain in the environment for a long time and/or distribute over a large area have high exposure potential, and will present particularly acute challenges if a currently unknown undesirable effect is discovered. This thesis describes the development of a set of in silico methods to identify and prioritize chemicals with high exposure potential that are currently not subject to national or international restrictions. In brief, we i) compiled databases of contaminants of potential concern, ii) established models to predict key properties to fill data gaps in the absence of experimental data, and iii) developed and applied methods to screen chemicals to identify those that should be assigned high priority for future study. Paper I delivers screening-level models to predict partition ratios of organic chemicals between polymeric materials commonly found indoors, and both air and water. These models can be used in high-throughput exposure assessment studies, passive sampling experiments, and models of emissions, fate and transport of chemicals. Paper II presents a scoring method to prioritize 464 organic chemicals of emerging Arctic concern for their potential to fit a set of four exposure-based hazard profiles. These four profiles represent persistent organic pollutants (POPs) regulated under the Stockholm Convention, very persistent and very bioaccumulative substances (vPvBs) regulated under REACH and for two novel and unregulated profiles derived from the planetary boundary threats framework; airborne persistent contaminants (APCs) and waterborne persistent contaminants (WPCs). APCs and WPCs are chemicals that are mobile in air and water, respectively, and that contaminate the environment in a poorly reversible manner due to their persistence. The prioritization method is based on a reference set of 148 chemicals that is used to contextualize the scoring results. Paper III describes the prioritization of 8,648 chemicals that were reportedly produced in five OECD countries. Paper III elucidates the relationship between the elemental composition of these chemicals and the exposure-based hazard scores, and presents a strategy to disentangle overlaps among the four exposure hazard profiles by categorizing chemicals according to the spatial coverage of profiles they best fit. Paper IV focuses on refining the prioritization method described in Papers II and III using a set of 5,600 hypothetical chemicals. The refined method is used to prioritize the chemicals from Papers II and III, and an additional 4,567 chemicals from the REACH database. The in silico methods developed in this thesis can be applied to conduct screening-level exposure assessments using only chemical structures as a starting point. Substances prioritized as having high potential to be POPs, vPvB, APC, or WPC should be considered for more detailed study to unequivocally determine their identity and physicochemical properties.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

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Loef, David Szeinfeld. "Investigation of some biochemical parameters relating to energy metabolism in experimental rodent tumours after exposure to ionizing radiation and magnetic fields." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25636.

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Seitz, Mirjam [Verfasser], Sonja [Akademischer Betreuer] Kilo, and Hans [Gutachter] Drexler. "Validity of different biomonitoring parameters for the assessment of occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) / Mirjam Seitz ; Gutachter: Hans Drexler ; Betreuer: Sonja Kilo." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2018. http://d-nb.info/1194650821/34.

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Books on the topic "Exposure parameters"

1

H, Lebovits Allen, Baum Andrew, and Singer Jerome E, eds. Exposure to hazardous substances: Psychological parameters. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1986.

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Remec, I. Neutron exposure parameters for capsule 10.05 in the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program tenth irradiation series. Division of Reactor Project Management, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.

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Borg, Erik. Noise-induced hearing loss: Literature review and experiments in rabbits : morphological and electrophysiological features, exposure parameters and temporal factors, variability and interactions. Scandinavian University Press, 1995.

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Lawrence, Myers, Moya Jacqueline, Research Triangle Institute, and National Center for Environmental Assessment (Washington, D.C.), eds. Options for development of parametric probability distributions for exposure factors. National Center for Environmental Assessment--Washington Office, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000.

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Singer, Jerome E., Andrew Baum, and Allen H. Lebovits. Advances in Environmental Psychology, Volume 6 : Exposure to Hazardous Substances: Psychological Parameters. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Singer, Jerome E., Andrew Baum, and Allen H. Lebovits. Advances in Environmental Psychology, Volume 6 : Exposure to Hazardous Substances: Psychological Parameters. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Singer, Jerome E., Andrew Baum, and Allen H. Lebovits. Advances in Environmental Psychology, Volume 6 : Exposure to Hazardous Substances: Psychological Parameters. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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(Editor), Allen Lebovits, Andrew Baum (Editor), and Jerome E. Singer (Editor), eds. Exposure to Hazardous Substances: Psychological Parameters (Advances in Environmental Psychology, Volume 6). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986.

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Advances in Environmental Psychology, Volume 6 : Exposure to Hazardous Substances: Psychological Parameters. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Neutron exposure parameters for the metallurgical test specimens in the sixth heavy-section steel irradiation series. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Exposure parameters"

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Nendza, Monika. "Exposure-related parameters." In Structure—Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5805-7_5.

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Johnston, Pamela, Eyad Elyan, and Chrisina Jayne. "Toward Video Tampering Exposure: Inferring Compression Parameters from Pixels." In Engineering Applications of Neural Networks. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98204-5_4.

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Herber, R. F. M., and K. H. Schaller. "Analytical Variability of Biological Parameters of Exposure and Early Effects." In Health Surveillance of Individual Workers Exposed to Chemical Agents. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73476-2_13.

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Misakian, Martin. "Exposure Parameters during Studies with ELF Magnetic and Electric Fields." In Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4867-6_74.

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Wijaya, I. Putu Krishna, Peeranan Towashiraporn, Anish Joshi, Susantha Jayasinghe, Anggraini Dewi, and Md Nurul Alam. "Climate Change-Induced Regional Landslide Hazard and Exposure Assessment for Aiding Climate Resilient Road Infrastructure Planning: A Case Study in Bagmati and Madhesh Provinces, Nepal." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_12.

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AbstractNepal’s hilly and mountainous regions are highly susceptible to landslides triggered by extreme precipitations. The prevalence of such landslides has increased due to climate change-induced extreme hydro-meteorological conditions. These recurring landslides have significantly impacted the road transport infrastructure, which is the economic lifeline for cities and socio-economic mobility of rural communities in the hilly and mountainous regions of the country. This study modelled extreme rainfall scenarios for the current 1976–2005 baseline and future horizons of 2030, 2050, and 2080 to develop high-resolution 1 km × 1 km mean precipitation datasets under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Based on these extreme precipitation scenarios, we developed high-resolution landslide hazard models adopting integrated weighted index by combining the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) methods using multi-variate factors. The multi-variate factors included three terrain parameters—slope, aspect, and elevation; two soil parameters—lithology and soil type; two Euclidean distance parameters from the likely sources—distance from the lineaments and distance from the stream/river; an anthropogenic parameter—land use; and the climate parameter—the mean annual rainfall for four-time horizons and two RCPs. These parameters were spatially modelled and combined using the weighted overlay method to generate a landslide hazard model. As demonstration case studies, the landslide hazard models were developed for Bagmati and Madhesh provinces. The models were validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) approach, which showed a satisfactory 81–86% accuracy in the study area. Spatial exposure analysis of the road network assets under the Strategic Road Network (SRN) was completed for seven landslide hazard scenarios. In both Bagmati and Madhesh provinces, the exposure analysis showed that the proportion of road sections exposed to landslide hazard significantly increases for the future climate change scenarios compared to the current baseline scenario.

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Nendza, Monika. "Validation status of QSAR models for exposure- and effects-related parameters." In Structure—Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5805-7_7.

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Lerchl, A., H. Brendel, M. Niehaus, et al. "900 MHZ Electromagnetic Fields: Exposure Parameters and Effects on Djungarian Hamsters." In Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and Its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4191-8_46.

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Blankenship, Alan, and Fumio Matsumura. "Changes in Biochemical and Molecular Biological Parameters Induced by Exposure to Dioxin-Type Chemicals." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0542.ch003.

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Jaeger, P., and C. Constantinides. "Changes in Blood and Urine Chemical Parameters After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Exposure of Canine Kidneys." In Investigative Urology 3. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74438-9_41.

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Valtersson, Ulrica, Kjell Hansson Mild, and Mats-Olof Mattsson. "Uncharacterized Physical Parameters Can Contribute More Than Magnetic Field Exposure to ODC Activity in Vitro." In Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4867-6_105.

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Conference papers on the topic "Exposure parameters"

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Dante, James F., and Pedro Atz Dick. "Effect of RH Cycling Parameters on Scribe Creep of Coated Steel Panels During Accelerated Corrosion Testing." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00359.

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Abstract As coating systems with reduced environmental impact become available, accelerated corrosion testing capable of reproducing realistic damage is needed. Cyclic TOW during accelerated corrosion tests is known to enhance scribe creep and to produce failures that are similar to those observed in the field. In this work, cyclic exposures consisting of salt fog steps and various relative humidity (RH) cycles were used. Scribe creep was measured for two different coating systems after 28 and 56 days in each environment. The relationship between scribe creep and TOW are explored. The data reveals that regardless of the applied RH cycle, a linear relationship exists between TOW during RH cycling and scribe creep. However, the total observed scribe creep cannot be accounted for using creep values from the combined cyclic RH portion and salt fog portion of the exposure. Additionally, significant differences in relative coating performance are observed after 28 and 56 days of exposure. These differences are likely the result of a multistep scribe creep process. Electrochemical Impedance data collected under immersion conditions are used to support a hypothesized scribe creep mechanism that may serve to refine accelerated corrosion testing methods and produce a method capable of reflecting long-term coating performance.

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LeBozec, N., D. Persson, D. Thierry, and S. B. Axelsen. "Effect of Climatic Parameters on Filiform Corrosion of Coated Aluminium Alloys AA6016." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03600.

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Abstract The effects of temperature, relative humidity and wet dry transition on initiation and propagation of filiform corrosion on coated aluminium alloys AA6016 have been studied. The aluminium surfaces were tested in both milled and grinded conditions with chromium, phosphate and titanium-zirconium based pretreatment. A full paint system used for automotive applications (ED coat + top-coat) and an electrodeposited coat (ED coat) were investigated for the different combinations of mechanical finish, surface pretreatment and coating system. In the temperature range between 5 to 50°C, filiform corrosion, or underfilm corrosion in general, increased significantly. The effect of relative humidity and wet-dry cycling on the other hand, seems to be strongly influenced by parameters like pretreatment, coating system, and also temperature. Filiform corrosion was the highest in the range 75 to 95 % relative humidity and a distinct maximum was observed at 85% R.H. for some coating systems. However, filiform corrosion propagated at humidity down to 40-50% R.H. For specimens with chromate and phosphate based surface pretreatments, filiform corrosion was lower after exposure to tests with wet-dry cycles. The samples with titanium-zirconium based pretreatments, on the other hand, had a very poor filiform corrosion resistance in the cyclic test compared to exposures at constant relative humidity.

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Partridge, Paul E. "Accelerated Exposure Testing: a Third Party Laboratory Perspective." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92328.

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Abstract Users and manufacturers of protective coatings come to third party laboratories to conduct accelerated tests and other coating performance tests to determine the best available coating for a particular purpose. The independent laboratory is a service organization that must perform only the tests requested. The lab may suggest certain standardized tests or parameters, but it is the user or manufacturer that defines the scope of the testing project. The selection of a coating for a particular service must be based on the results of meaningful tests that realistically accelerate the effects of field exposure.

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Sampson, S. L., J. P. Repp, J. A. Ellor, J. P. Ault, C. L. Farschon, and R. A. Kogler. "Characterization of Coating Performance in Various Natural Exposure Environments." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2005. SSPC, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2005-00049.

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Abstract The subject paper presents updated inspection data from a Federal Highway Administration study of the effect of local environments on the degradation of alternative bridge coating materials. Exposure data covers up to nine years of service in several diverse environments, including sites representative of marine, industrial, and rural service environments. Paint deterioration is characterized as the result of local atmospheric parameters, time of wetness, and airborne contaminants

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Rossi, Stefano, Luiz G. Ecco, Michele Fedel, and Flavio Deflorian. "Influence of the Deposition Parameters on the Properties of Electrophoretic Acrylic Paints." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07448.

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Abstract Steel is generally coated with the purpose of improved anticorrosive protection and aesthetic properties. In the early 90’s, few strict environmental protection regulations boosted the replacement of the traditional solventborne coatings and consequently development of waterborne paint technologies. In this view, the aim of the present work is the study of the cathodic electrodeposition of a waterborne acrylic binder in presence of different color pigments considering the effect on the aesthetic properties of the coated panels in function of accelerated exposure. Essentially, the activity was divided into two stages. First of all the optimization of the deposition parameters was carried out in order to obtain, in terms of thickness and physical barrier property, a suitable coating layer without the pigments. Next, the influence of pigments incorporation into the bath on the aesthetic properties during UV-B radiation exposure was studied. The film thicknesses were found about 20 μm. Preliminary estimations of the anticorrosive properties using electrochemical test have shown a quasi-capacitive behaviour of the paint. The magnitudes of the |Z|0.01Hz have been verified in the order of 1011 Ohm.cm2 for about two weeks of immersion indicating a good corrosion protection properties. After 500 hours under UV-B radiation, changes were verified on both, the coatings morphology and chemical structure.

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Shifler, David A. "Alloy and Coatings Parameters That May Contribute to the Performance Behavior of High Temperature Materials." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02385.

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Abstract During a recent high-temperature work, it was discovered that a high-temperature coating on a single crystal casting had completely failed after 1000 hours of exposure in a hot corrosion environment. Though previous tests showed this coating was somewhat resistant to hot corrosion at 1650 °F (899 °C), our results revealed catastrophic corrosion penetration of both the coating and the alloy substrate. Differences in chemical compositions between a coating and a substrate alloy can lead to interdiffusion between these materials that can modify the oxidation and corrosion resistance of the coating and the mechanical properties of the coating-substrate system. The stress state may also significantly influence and increase the magnitude of the interdiffusion that may lead to deleterious precipitation reactions. The crystal orientation or alloy phase of the substrate may also contribute to interdiffusion rates. This paper will look at the chemistry of a high-temperature coating and a substrate alloy before and after exposure to a hot corrosion environment to evaluate the degree of interdiffusion and discern what mechanistic pathways may cause precipitation reactions deleterious to alloy/coating performance.

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Balasubramanian, Rama, Desmond C. Cook, T. Perez, and J. Reyes. "Development of Nano-Phase Iron Oxides from Short-Term Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00453.

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Abstract The performance of steels used for structural and industrial applications is affected by atmospheric corrosion. The study of development of corrosion products in atmospherically exposed steels is very important to understand the corrosion process. A systematic study has been made of the development of corrosion products formed on carbon steel atmospherically exposed for short times along the Gulf of México. Carbon steel coupons were exposed between 1 and 12 months at a marine location in Campeche, México, to study the corrosion as a function of time. The environmental parameters were monitored during the exposure period. The resulting corrosion products were analyzed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Micro-Raman Spectrometry and X-ray diffraction in order to completely identify the oxides and map their location in the corrosion coating. The most abundant oxides present in the corrosion products were lepidocrocite and goethite as evidenced by in-situ X-ray diffraction and transmission Mössbauer and micro-Raman analysis of the corroded coupons. Akaganeite was absent in the corrosion coatings even though the exposure site was in a marine environment. In a similar exposure of carbon steel coupons at one of the marine sites prior to this exposure, akaganeite was detected in the corrosion products. However during this present exposure the average chloride concentration was measured to be only 12 mg/m2/day as opposed to an average chloride concentration of 45 mg/m2/day measured in the previous exposure. Mössbauer analysis at 300 K and 77 K showed the presence of lepidocrocite and superparamagnetic goethite in amounts dependent on the exposure time. The average particle size of goethite in the corrosion coating was found to lie in the range of 7-10 nm. Mössbauer spectra of the corrosion products recorded at 4 K, showed the presence of an x-ray amorphous phase whose hyperfine parameters corresponded to ferrihydrite with particle size &lt; 8 nm. The ratio of α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH, measured by Mössbauer spectroscopy was found to be nearly 3.5 in carbon steel for short-term exposures, compared to the reported ratio of 1.5 for weathering steel for similar exposure periods from X-ray diffraction measurements. Micro-Raman analysis showed that the corrosion coatings were multi-layered with lepidocrocite closer to the surface and goethite closer to the steel.

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Fry, A. T. "An Investigation of Key Experimental Parameters in Steam Oxidation Testing and the Impact they have on the Interpretation of Experimental Results." In AM-EPRI 2007, edited by R. Viswanathan, D. Gandy, and K. Coleman. ASM International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2007p0531.

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Abstract The acceptance of materials for long-term, safety-critical power generation applications requires multiple testing stages and data generation. Initial screening involves short-term exposures under simplified, constant atmospheres and temperatures, which can eliminate unsuitable materials but fail to distinguish between those with broadly acceptable properties. Subsequent pilot plant testing, costing over £100K for month-long exposures, is typically required. An intermediate laboratory testing step that better replicates in-service conditions would offer a cost-effective approach to material selection and lifetime prediction. For steam oxidation degradation, key experimental parameters—such as water chemistry, pressure, steam delivery, and flow rate—must be tailored to produce oxide scale morphologies similar to those observed in actual plant conditions. This study examines the effects of these parameters through steam exposure tests on ferritic (P92), austenitic (Esshete 1250), and superalloy (IN740) materials. Results indicate that oxidation rates vary with dissolved oxygen levels in feed water, increasing for austenitic materials and decreasing for ferritic materials, while also influencing spallation tendencies. Additionally, steam pressure and delivery methods impact oxidation rates and scale morphology. A comparison with service-exposed materials revealed that traditional oxide scale morphologies were not adequately replicated, whereas cyclic oxidation tests provided a closer match to service-grown scales.

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Sabbir, Md Ahsan, Saiada Fuadi Fancy, Kingsley Lau, and Dale DeFord. "Characterizing Bulk Porosity of CBPC Coating in Aggressive Bridge Exposure." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00051.

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Abstract The bulk characteristics of Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic (CBPC) coating was investigated for marine bridge application in alternate wet and dry exposure. Assessment of possible bulk coating degradation was made by physical testing, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and electrochemical techniques. The bulk coating material was observed to become chalky and in some cases form cracks when exposed to alternate wet and dry conditions. Cohesive strength appeared to degrade. The characteristic pore size distribution by MIP technique indicated the increase in pore size due to exposure. Resolved impedance coating parameters did not show any other distinct trends with time or exposure environment.

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Srinivasan, Raghu, and Tyler Cushman. "Correlation Studies between Outdoor Exposure and Accelerated Laboratory Corrosion Tests in Cold Alaskan Climate." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19384.

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Abstract Atmospheric corrosion is a process that is heavily dependent on weather parameters. Heavy snowfall and dramatic freeze-thaw cycles observed in Arctic conditions further complicate the atmospheric corrosion mechanisms. The main purpose of this paper is to monitor and measure weather parameters, aerosol chlorides, and sulfates in the atmosphere and correlate it to the degradation of carbon steel alloys widely used in land, sea, aerospace transportation, oil and gas, fisheries, and mining applications. Carbon steel alloys (UNS G10060) were exposed to four atmospheric test sites in Alaska, representing distinct environments. Multi-angle test racks were designed, equipped with chloride candles and weather stations, and deployed to each site. The parameters recorded were Time of Wetness (TOW), relative humidity (RH), temperature, and aerosol chloride and sulfate deposition rates. The corrosion rate of carbon steel was calculated from the mass loss data. Accelerated laboratory tests were conducted in cyclic corrosion test chambers (CCTC) following the modified GM9540P standard for correlation studies.

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Reports on the topic "Exposure parameters"

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M. Wasiolek. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893536.

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K. Rautenstrauch. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839518.

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Wasiolek, M. A. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828391.

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Sartain, Bradley T., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Investigating Minimum Exposure Time Requirements of Diquat for Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) Control. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47141.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the minimum exposure time requirements for submersed treatments of diquat to effectively control flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus L.). Identifying these parameters will provide critical information for the operational management of this species in high water exchange scenarios.

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Gao, Hui, Cheng Zhang, and Fangbiao Tao. Association between prenatal phthalate exposure and gestational metabolic syndrome parameters: A systematic review of epidemiological study. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0065.

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Miller, L., C. Baldwin, F. Stallmann, and F. Kam. Neutron exposure parameters for the metallurgical test specimens in the sixth heavy-section steel irradiation series. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7176322.

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C.A. Baldwin, F.B.K. Kam, and I. Remec. Neutron Exposure Parameters for the Dosimetry Capsule in the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program Tenth Irradiation Series. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1300.

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Maurer, William, and Gregory Deskins. GRl-91-0204 Gas Reservoir Wellbore Orientation - Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters Affecting Production. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011162.

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A parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of numerous well and reservoir parameters on gas well productivity. GMODl, an analytical model for gas production in homogeneous reservoirs, was used to calculate production data for more than 250 sets of reservoir/wellbore parameters. Vertical, horizontal, slant and fractured wells were investigated. Several conclusions were reached as a result of parametric sensitivity analyses. In the right applications, horizontal gas wells produce 3 to 6 times more than vertical wells. At angles above about 60�, slant wells have significantly increased production rates over vertical wells due to increased wellbore exposure. Additionally, horizontal wells intersecting multiple natural fractures can produce significantly more gas than vertical wells intersecting a single fracture.

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Yates, Timothy, and Kevin McNally. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the HardSPEC environmental exposure model for pesticide regulatory assessments. HSE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69730/hse.24rr1204.

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HardSPEC is an environmental fate model that predicts concentrations of pesticides in surface and groundwater following application on hard surfaces, such as roads, pavements and railway tracks, and a subsequent series of rainfall events; such pesticide use is typically of herbicides used for weed control. HardSPEC is used by HSE to assess the risk of, and take decisions related to, herbicide application. In this project we implemented the model in Matlab, a scientific programming language, and verified that the results precisely matched the results from the spreadsheet implementation. We developed a sensitivity analysis framework that varies the values of any of the parameters automatically and records the predicted concentrations

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Rycroft, Taylor, Kerry Hamilton, Charles Haas, and Igor Linkov. A quantitative risk assessment method for synthetic biology products in the environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41331.

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The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. However, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the discipline continues to accelerate, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. Current established risk assessment frameworks fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRASynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. The proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, leading to more targeted risk research and more precise characterizations of risk.

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