Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exposure to the organism

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Exposure to the organism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Exposure to the organism"

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KELLER, SCOTT W., JOSEPH E. MARCY, BARBARA A. BLAKISTONE, GEORGE H. LACY, CAMERON R. HACKNEY, and WALTER H. CARTER. "Bioaerosol Exposure Method for Package Integrity Testing†." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 7 (1996): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.768.

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Test organism motility, concentration, aerosol exposure time, hole diameter and length were evaluated to determine their influence on microbial ingress into a flexible plastic pouch. Microtubes with 10- and 20-μm hole diameters and of 5- and 10-mm lengths were used as defects in 128 flexible pouches. A bioaerosol with a 2.68-μm mean particle size comprised of 102 or 106 CFU/ml source concentrations of motile or nonmotile Pseudomonas fragi TM 849 was introduced into a 119,911-cm3 chamber for exposures of 15 or 30 minutes. Six pouches showed test organism growth after a 72-h incubation period. M
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Khan, Naqash. "Monitoring Stress Biomarkers Anomalies of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Valenciennes, 1844) Post-Exposure to Chlorpyrifos." International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture 7, no. 3 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000254.

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Releasing of contaminants to any environmental medium from any source which are capable of causing harm to man or any other living organisms ends in environmental pollution. Environmental pollution exists from the beginning of the life but with the passage of time it becomes a worldwide issue that threatens the surrounding living organism
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Sari, Fikret. "Lethal and sublethal effects of the pyrethroid insecticide tau-fluvalinate on the non-target organism Gammarus roeseli: A study of acute toxicity, genotoxicity and locomotor activity." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs220930033s.

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Aquatic ecosystems are recipients of various contaminants including pesticides. For many years, pyrethroid insecticides (e.g., tau-fluvalinate) have been used extensively in agricultural activities to control pests. However, they can affect not only target organisms but also non-target organisms. This study was conducted to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of tau-fluvalinate on the non-target organism Gammarus roeseli. To this end, acute toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was determined using a toxicity test with a 96-h exposure period, and the genotoxic effects of different sublethal con
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López-Cervantes, Juan Pablo, Marianne Lønnebotn, Nils Oskar Jogi, et al. "The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312684.

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Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult
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Drusano, G. L., O. O. Okusanya, A. O. Okusanya, et al. "Impact of Spore Biology on the Rate of Kill and Suppression of Resistance in Bacillus anthracis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 11 (2009): 4718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00802-09.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis is complex because of its spore form. The spore is invulnerable to antibiotic action. It also has an impact on the emergence of resistance. We employed the hollow-fiber infection model to study the impacts of different doses and schedules of moxifloxacin on the total-organism population, the spore population, and the subpopulations of vegetative- and spore-phase organisms that were resistant to moxifloxacin. We then generated a mathematical model of the impact of moxifloxacin, administered by continuous infusion or once daily, on vegetative- and spore-phase organism
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Marshall, Katie E., and Brent J. Sinclair. "Repeated stress exposure results in a survival–reproduction trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1683 (2009): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1807.

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While insect cold tolerance has been well studied, the vast majority of work has focused on the effects of a single cold exposure. However, many abiotic environmental stresses, including temperature, fluctuate within an organism's lifespan. Given that organisms may trade-off survival at the cost of future reproduction, we investigated the effects of multiple cold exposures on survival and fertility in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster . We found that multiple cold exposures significantly decreased mortality compared with the same length of exposure in a single sustained bout, but sign
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Cogen, Jonathan D., Frankline M. Onchiri, Nicole Mayer Hamblett, Ronald L. Gibson, Wayne J. Morgan, and Margaret Rosenfeld. "Association of Intensity of Antipseudomonal Antibiotic Therapy With Risk of Treatment-Emergent Organisms in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Newly Acquired Pseudomonas Aeruginosa." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 6 (2021): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab208.

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Abstract Background While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) eradication regimens have contributed to a decline in Pa prevalence in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), this antibiotic exposure might increase the risk of acquisition of drug-resistant organisms. This study evaluated the association between antipseudomonal antibiotic exposure intensity and acquisition risk of drug-resistant organisms among children with CF and new Pa infection. Methods We utilized data from the Early Pseudomonas Infection Control Clinical Trial (EPIC CT), a randomized controlled trial comparing Pa eradication strategies i
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Erskine, R. J., J. G. Unflat, R. J. Eberhart, L. J. Hutchinson, C. R. Hicks, and S. B. Spencer. "Pseudomonas mastitis: Difficulties in Detection and elimination from contaminated wash-water systems." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 191, no. 7 (1987): 811–15. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1987.191.07.811.

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Summary Histories of 4 dairy herds with increased incidence of Pseudomonas mastitis associated with contaminated wash hoses in milking parlors are described. Problems of detection and elimination of the organism from contaminated water sources and the inadequacy of iodide germicides in eliminating Pseudomonas are discussed. In problem herds, greater numbers of organisms often are found in the water left standing in the wash hoses between milkings. Thus, flushing of hoses before their use in the milking process may be beneficial in reducing exposure of the cows to the organism.
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Taylor, Anne, and William Maher. "Developing a sentinel mollusc species for toxicity assessment: metal exposure, dose and response – laboratory v. field exposures and resident organisms." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 3 (2016): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15104.

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Environmental contextMetal contamination in estuarine sediments can affect ecosystem health. Molluscs are commonly used as environmental indicators because they accumulate contaminants that cause adverse health effects. We investigated metal uptake and effects in the Sydney cockle, comparing exposure to contaminated lake sediments in situ and in laboratory aquariums. Although differences were observed between the different exposure types, all approaches were found to be valid for investigating metal health effects in this organism. AbstractRelationships between exposure, tissue dose and biolog
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Masnavieva, L. B., I. V. Kudaeva, N. V. Efimova, and О. М. Zhurba. "INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURE LOAD OF FORMALDEHYDE AND ADOLESCENTS’ ORGANISM SENSIBILIZATION." Human Ecology, no. 6 (June 13, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2017-6-3-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exposure to the organism"

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Greenberg, Marc Samuel. "Defining Benthic Organism Exposure: Bioavailability and Effects of Non-Polar Organics." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1074096654.

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Harrigan, Kristen M. "Scaling to the Organism: An Innovative Model of Dynamic Toxic Hotspots in Stream Systems." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu149019827523479.

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Dallas, Lorna Jane. "An ecotoxicological assessment of the impacts of chronic exposure to metals and radionuclides on marine mussels : relating genotoxicity to molecular and organism-level effects." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2850.

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Metals and radionuclides are environmentally relevant contaminants, yet their potential impacts on marine organisms have not been adequately evaluated. This is especially true for exposures of longer duration and/or lower contaminant concentration (i.e. chronic) which are often more representative of real world scenarios. In this context, a suite of biomarkers at different levels of biological organisation were investigated in an ecologically relevant bivalve species, Mytilus galloprovin- cialis after exposure to nickel (a metal), zinc pyrithione (an organometal) and tritiated water (a radionuc
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Сулим, Людмила Григорівна, Людмила Григорьевна Сулим, Liudmyla Hryhorivna Sulym, Віталій Зіновійович Сікора, Виталий Зиновьевич Сикора та Vitalii Zinoviiovych Sikora. "Морфоструктура паренхимы почек при общем облучении". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24761.

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Mager, Edward Michael. "Interactions Between Water Chemistry and Waterborne Lead Exposure to Freshwater Organisms." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/666.

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This dissertation characterizes the influences of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of lead (Pb) to two of the long-standing sentinel test organisms commonly employed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and daphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia), for parameterization of an acute Pb Biotic Ligand Model (BLM). In addition, a toxicogenomic approach was employed to identify genes that might serve as molecular markers of Pb exposure and long-term effects, as well as provide new insights as to the underlying toxic mechanisms of chronic Pb
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Steele, Alexandra Nicole. "Reconsidering exposure: The effects of dynamic contaminant plumes on aquatic organisms." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586946141792686.

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Lindgren, Torsten. "Cabin Air Quality in Commercial Aircraft : Exposure, Symptoms and Signs." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3462.

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Ashauer, Roman. "Predicting effects of fluctuating or pulsed exposure to pesticides on aquatic organisms." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440836.

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Wenger, Michael. "Impacts of multiple stressors on fish : responses to pathogen and pollutant exposures on molecular and organism-levels /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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FUSCO, LAURA. "TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GRAPHENE FAMILY NANOMATERIALS AFTER CUTANEOUS EXPOSURE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2918471.

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Graphene and the so-called Graphene Family Nanomaterials (GFNs) have unique physicochemical properties, making them promising candidates for a wide range of applications in several fields. However, they may pose health risks, and little is known about their potential human toxicity, so far. Skin is the largest organ of human body and the cutaneous exposure represents one of the major exposure routes to GFNs. Even though cutaneous contact to other related materials, such as graphite and carbon nanomaterials, has been associated with increased incidence of skin diseases, such as airborne irritan
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Books on the topic "Exposure to the organism"

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region., Kinnetic Laboratories Inc, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Environmental Sciences Division., and University of Texas at Port Aransas., eds. Adaptations of marine organisms to chronic hydrocarbon exposure: Final report. The OCS Office, 1989.

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1951-, Ho Mat H., Dillon H. K, and Symposium on the Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Organic Compounds (1984 : Saint Louis, Mo.), eds. Biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals: Organic compounds. Wiley, 1987.

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Reinbold, Keturah A. Effects of exposure to ammonia on sensitive life stages of aquatic organisms. Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Aquatic Ecology, 1990.

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W, Bell R., Ontario. Atmospheric Research and Special Programs Section., and Ontario Air Resources Branch, eds. The 1990 Toronto Personal Exposure Pilot (PEP) study. The Branch, 1991.

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W, Bell R., Ontario. Atmospheric Research and Special Programs Section., and Ontario Air Resources Branch, eds. The 1990 Toronto Personal Exposure Pilot (PEP) study. The Branch, 1991.

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1943-, Howard Philip H., ed. Handbook of environmental fate and exposure data for organic chemicals. Lewis Publishers, 1989.

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Max, Sussman, ed. The Release of genetically-engineered micro-organisms. Academic, 1988.

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International Conference on the Release of Genetically-engineered Micro-organisms (1st 1988 Cardiff, Wales). The release of genetically-engineered micro-organisms. Academic Press, 1988.

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L, Dungworth D., and International Life Sciences Institute, eds. Relationships between respiratory disease and exposure to air pollution. ILSI Press, 1998.

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1962-, Harrad Stuart, ed. Persistent organic pollutants: Environmental behaviour and pathways of human exposure. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Exposure to the organism"

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Adhikari, Puspa L., Wokil Bam, Pamela L. Campbell, et al. "Evaluating Microplastic Experimental Design and Exposure Studies in Aquatic Organisms." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_3.

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AbstractEnvironmental microplastic particles (MPs) represent a potential threat to many aquatic animals, and experimental exposure studies, when done well, offer a quantitative approach to assess this stress systematically and reliably. While the scientific literature on MP studies in aquatic environments is rapidly growing, there is still much to learn, and this chapter presents a brief overview of some of the successful methods and pitfalls in experimental MP exposure studies. A short overview of some experimental design types and recommendations are also presented. A proper experimental exp
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Jacobs, Robert R. "Exposure Assessment." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-4.

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Liem, A. K. D., C. E. J. Cuijpers, and M. J. Zeilmaker. "Human Exposure and Fate." In Persistent Organic Pollutants. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1571-5_5.

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Nadal, Martí, and José L. Domingo. "Sources of Human Exposure." In Effects of Persistent and Bioactive Organic Pollutants on Human Health. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118679654.ch2.

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Jacobs, Robert R., and Kelley J. Donham. "Strategies for Worker Protection." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-28.

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Stewart, Geoffrey A. "Proteases." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-9.

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Rylander, Ragnar, and Robert R. Jacobs. "The Future." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-30.

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Robinson, Bruce W. S. "Cell Reactions." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-13.

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Chan-Yeung, Moira. "Occupational Asthma." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-19.

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Rylander, Ragnar. "Office and Domestic Environments." In Organic Dusts Exposure, Effects, and Prevention. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575528-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Exposure to the organism"

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Lee, Jason S., Richard I. Ray, Brenda J. Little, et al. "Potential Biocidal Properties of CR+6 in Coatings." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01102.

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Abstract In laboratory studies microbiocidal properties of chromium in coatings depended on the following exposure conditions: atmospheric vs. immersion, hexavalent chromium concentration and the target organism.
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Little, Brenda, Patricia Wagner, Kevin Hart, et al. "The Role of Metal-Reducing Bacteria in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97215.

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Abstract Synthetic iron oxides (goethite, aFeO·OH; hematite, Fe2O3; and ferrihydrite, Fe(OH)3) were used as model compounds to simulate the mineralogy of passivating films on carbon steel. Dissolution of these oxides exposed to pure cultures of the metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens, was followed by direct atomic absorption spectroscopy measurement of ferrous iron coupled with microscopic analyses using confocal laser scanning and environmental scanning electron microscopies. During an 8-day exposure the organism colonized mineral surfaces and reduced solid ferric oxides to solu
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Horn, Joanne, Sue Martin, and Brett Masterson. "Evidence of Biogenic Corrosion of Titanium after Exposure to a Continuous Culture of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans Grown in Thiosulfate Medium." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01259.

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Abstract Experiments were undertaken to evaluate extreme conditions under which candidate materials intended for use in a proposed nuclear waste repository might be susceptible to corrosion by endogenous microorganisms. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, was grown in continuous culture using thiosulfate as an energy source; thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate as a metabolic endproduct by this organism. Culture conditions were optimized to produce a high-density, metabolically active culture throughout a period of long term incubation in the presence of Alloy 22 (a high nic
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Rendahl, Bo. "Field Exposure and Outdoor Scab-Testing of Different Precoated Sheet Steels." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95381.

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Abstract The corrosion properties of 16 different types of commercial precoated sheet steels have been investigated. Of the coatings, five are hot-dipped, seven are electrolytic and four have an organic composite coating. The sheet materials have been examined with a full-paint system during 5½ years in industrial and marine atmospheres and 4 years with outdoor scab-testing. The corrosion resistance has mainly been evaluated regarding delamination from three intentionally inflicted damages: scribe line, scribe cross and cut edge. The results show large differences in the delamination rates for
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Smith, James P., Ian H. Gilbert, and Jan Erik Solbakken. "Impact Differentiation of Environmentally Friendly versus Standard Corrosion Inhibitor Discharged into a Tropical Marine Environment." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00333.

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Abstract A comparative ecotoxicology investigation has been conducted using field specific parameters to assess the impact of residual corrosion inhibitor standard versus "green ", discharged from offshore facilities. Presented is a modeled estimate of ecological impact and risk associated with produced water / corrosion inhibitor mixtures from a low salinity-high temperature discharge of 142 million L/day into an open sea environment. Impact is assessed by extrapolation of steady state indicator test species LC50 critical body residue (CBR) results applied to an accurate characterization of r
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Knudsen, Ole Øystein, Astrid Bjørgum, Tone Frydenberg, and Roy Johnsen. "Development of Internal Stress in Organic Coatings During Curing and Exposure." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06028.

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Abstract Internal stress in 21 different organic coatings has been measured by the beam deflection method. The internal stress was measured both after curing, after exposure in distilled water and after heating to 60°C. For most of the coatings investigated the measured internal stress was quite low and well below the level where cracking may become a problem. After exposure in distilled water the internal stress in most of the epoxy coatings increased significantly, but for most of the coatings the stress level was still quite low. For one of the epoxy coatings internal stress was calculated
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Wrangham, Jodi B. "Endospore Production in Response to Microbiocides in the Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Implicated Genus Clostridium." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13126.

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Abstract Based upon the observation that an oilfield appeared to possess an endospore-forming microbial population that was selected for by its microbiocide program, a hypothesis was formed that exposing endospore-capable bacteria to low dosing of microbiocides, particularly to those chemistries that are not identified as fast-acting, will facilitate endospore formation. Clostridium sporogenes was chosen as the test organism, as this genus is commonly found in oilfields, its members possess metabolisms that are known to cause corrosion, and they have previously been described in literature as
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Greenberg, T., and D. Itzhak. "Marine Biofouling of Titanium Alloys in the Coral Reef Environment." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02184.

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Abstract Early stage biofouling phenomena on titanium alloys - electrochemical passive metals, was tested in the coral reef environment in the Red Sea, Aquaba gulf at the shores of Eilat. Titanium alloys: UNSR50400, UNSR52400 and UNSR53400 were exposed to the reef environment at a depth of 6 m. for a month, during December 2000. Settlements of vireos marine organisms were observed on all the exposed samples. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that after exposure to the environment samples exhibit improved passivation characteristic. The passivatiom current density decreased in abou
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Allahar, Kerry N., Quan Su, and Gordon P. Bierwagen. "In-Situ Monitoring of Organic Coatings under QUV/Prohesion Exposure by Embedded Sensors." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08393.

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Abstract The protection afforded by organic coatings against corrosion for metallic structures is influenced by the ability of the coating to reduce the transport of water, ions, and oxygen from the environment to the substrate. The majority of protective organic coatings are two-layered with the topcoat as the barrier against the environment and the basecoat/primer providing adhesion between the topcoat and the substrate. Primers can also provide additional protection through the use of galvanic (zinc rich primers) or passivating (chromate primers) inhibitors. A standard testing method for co
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Nalepa, C. J., J. N. Howarth, and F. D. Azarnia. "Factors to Consider When Applying Oxidizing Biocides in the Field." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02223.

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Abstract Legionella pneumophila, the organism responsible for Legionnaires’ disease, is an ongoing health concern in recreational, industrial, and potable water systems. For example, Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks continue to be associated with hot tubs and spas, cooling towers, and potable hot water systems. Oxidizing biocides based on chlorine, bromine, and other chemistries are recognized as effective microbiological control agents. Many organizations within the last several years have issued standards that recommend the use of oxidizing biocides for minimizing the risk associated with suc
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Reports on the topic "Exposure to the organism"

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McCann, J., L. Horn, J. Girman, and A. V. Nero. Potential risks from exposure to organic compounds in indoor air. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6111476.

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Hoskins, Tyler, Carolyn Foley, Jason Hoverman, et al. Indiana Statewide PFAS Assessment. Purdue University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317856.

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This report provides an overview of the current state of scientific knowledge concerning PFAS, as well as a concise assessment of current and potential impacts of its continued use. It discusses exposure pathways impacting the health of the people, organisms and environment in Indiana and the region. Also included are recommendations regarding pressing challenges and how individuals can work to reduce the presence of PFAS while also limiting exposure and negative impacts.
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Sanders, Brenda. Characterization of the Cellular Stress Response Induced by Exposure to Organic Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada343307.

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Di Pasquale, Alice, Kerri Palmer-Quinn, and Hannah Moody. Pesticides, organic food and breast cancer. Breast Cancer UK, 2025. https://doi.org/10.71450/95822655.

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Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture and residential areas to repel or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. Many of these chemicals are harmful and may damage the DNA, alter gene expression, induce oxidative stress, or act as Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Some pesticides have also been classified as potentially promoting cancer by international regulatory bodies. People working with pesticides may be exposed to higher levels, whilst the rest of the population is primarily exposed through the diet or when pesticides are used in resident
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van den Berg, F., R. F. A. Hendriks, J. J. T. I. Boesten, et al. Revised greenhouse scenarios for exposure of aquatic organisms to plant protection products : Soil-bound crops in greenhouses. Wageningen Environmental Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/564926.

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Di Pasquale, Alice, and Hannah Moody. Phthalates and breast cancer. Breast Cancer UK, 2024. https://doi.org/10.71450/75047820.

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Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2022. Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) has been proposed to be a risk factor that may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer. Phthalates are a class of EDCs used in many consumer products, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and cosmetics. They are considered to have strong anti-androgenic activity and weaker oestrogenic effects. Phthalates were observed to induce proliferation of breast cancer cells and affect the mammary gland in animals. In humans, exposure
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ter Horst, Mechteld, Aaldrik Tiktak, Paulien Adriaanse, Henk-Jan Holterman, Jan van de Zande, and Louise Wipfler. A tiered-assessment scheme for the exposure assessment of aquatic organisms in Dutch surface waters : Upwards and sideways spraying. Wageningen Environmental Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/555820.

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Rennix, Christopher P., Michelle M. Yore, and Paul J. Amoroso. Organic Chemical Exposure and the Risk of Breast Cancer Among Active Duty Women in the US Army, 1980-1996. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399679.

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Peters, B., and A. Washington. FIRST RESPONDER REQUIREMENTS AND POTENTIAL OPERATIONAL USES OF TECHNOLOGY: VISUAL CONFIRMATION OF RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE USING ORGANIC RADIOCHROMIC COMPOUNDS (ORCS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223200.

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Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III, and Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.

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Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposit
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