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Journal articles on the topic 'Exposure to the organism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

KELLER, SCOTT W., JOSEPH E. MARCY, BARBARA A. BLAKISTONE, GEORGE H. LACY, CAMERON R. HACKNEY, and WALTER H. CARTER. "Bioaerosol Exposure Method for Package Integrity Testing†." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 7 (1996): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.768.

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Test organism motility, concentration, aerosol exposure time, hole diameter and length were evaluated to determine their influence on microbial ingress into a flexible plastic pouch. Microtubes with 10- and 20-μm hole diameters and of 5- and 10-mm lengths were used as defects in 128 flexible pouches. A bioaerosol with a 2.68-μm mean particle size comprised of 102 or 106 CFU/ml source concentrations of motile or nonmotile Pseudomonas fragi TM 849 was introduced into a 119,911-cm3 chamber for exposures of 15 or 30 minutes. Six pouches showed test organism growth after a 72-h incubation period. M

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Khan, Naqash. "Monitoring Stress Biomarkers Anomalies of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Valenciennes, 1844) Post-Exposure to Chlorpyrifos." International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture 7, no. 3 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000254.

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Releasing of contaminants to any environmental medium from any source which are capable of causing harm to man or any other living organisms ends in environmental pollution. Environmental pollution exists from the beginning of the life but with the passage of time it becomes a worldwide issue that threatens the surrounding living organism

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Sari, Fikret. "Lethal and sublethal effects of the pyrethroid insecticide tau-fluvalinate on the non-target organism Gammarus roeseli: A study of acute toxicity, genotoxicity and locomotor activity." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs220930033s.

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Aquatic ecosystems are recipients of various contaminants including pesticides. For many years, pyrethroid insecticides (e.g., tau-fluvalinate) have been used extensively in agricultural activities to control pests. However, they can affect not only target organisms but also non-target organisms. This study was conducted to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of tau-fluvalinate on the non-target organism Gammarus roeseli. To this end, acute toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was determined using a toxicity test with a 96-h exposure period, and the genotoxic effects of different sublethal con

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López-Cervantes, Juan Pablo, Marianne Lønnebotn, Nils Oskar Jogi, et al. "The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312684.

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Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult

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Drusano, G. L., O. O. Okusanya, A. O. Okusanya, et al. "Impact of Spore Biology on the Rate of Kill and Suppression of Resistance in Bacillus anthracis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 11 (2009): 4718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00802-09.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis is complex because of its spore form. The spore is invulnerable to antibiotic action. It also has an impact on the emergence of resistance. We employed the hollow-fiber infection model to study the impacts of different doses and schedules of moxifloxacin on the total-organism population, the spore population, and the subpopulations of vegetative- and spore-phase organisms that were resistant to moxifloxacin. We then generated a mathematical model of the impact of moxifloxacin, administered by continuous infusion or once daily, on vegetative- and spore-phase organism

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Marshall, Katie E., and Brent J. Sinclair. "Repeated stress exposure results in a survival–reproduction trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1683 (2009): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1807.

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While insect cold tolerance has been well studied, the vast majority of work has focused on the effects of a single cold exposure. However, many abiotic environmental stresses, including temperature, fluctuate within an organism's lifespan. Given that organisms may trade-off survival at the cost of future reproduction, we investigated the effects of multiple cold exposures on survival and fertility in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster . We found that multiple cold exposures significantly decreased mortality compared with the same length of exposure in a single sustained bout, but sign

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Cogen, Jonathan D., Frankline M. Onchiri, Nicole Mayer Hamblett, Ronald L. Gibson, Wayne J. Morgan, and Margaret Rosenfeld. "Association of Intensity of Antipseudomonal Antibiotic Therapy With Risk of Treatment-Emergent Organisms in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Newly Acquired Pseudomonas Aeruginosa." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 6 (2021): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab208.

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Abstract Background While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) eradication regimens have contributed to a decline in Pa prevalence in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), this antibiotic exposure might increase the risk of acquisition of drug-resistant organisms. This study evaluated the association between antipseudomonal antibiotic exposure intensity and acquisition risk of drug-resistant organisms among children with CF and new Pa infection. Methods We utilized data from the Early Pseudomonas Infection Control Clinical Trial (EPIC CT), a randomized controlled trial comparing Pa eradication strategies i

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Erskine, R. J., J. G. Unflat, R. J. Eberhart, L. J. Hutchinson, C. R. Hicks, and S. B. Spencer. "Pseudomonas mastitis: Difficulties in Detection and elimination from contaminated wash-water systems." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 191, no. 7 (1987): 811–15. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1987.191.07.811.

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Summary Histories of 4 dairy herds with increased incidence of Pseudomonas mastitis associated with contaminated wash hoses in milking parlors are described. Problems of detection and elimination of the organism from contaminated water sources and the inadequacy of iodide germicides in eliminating Pseudomonas are discussed. In problem herds, greater numbers of organisms often are found in the water left standing in the wash hoses between milkings. Thus, flushing of hoses before their use in the milking process may be beneficial in reducing exposure of the cows to the organism.

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Taylor, Anne, and William Maher. "Developing a sentinel mollusc species for toxicity assessment: metal exposure, dose and response – laboratory v. field exposures and resident organisms." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 3 (2016): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15104.

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Environmental contextMetal contamination in estuarine sediments can affect ecosystem health. Molluscs are commonly used as environmental indicators because they accumulate contaminants that cause adverse health effects. We investigated metal uptake and effects in the Sydney cockle, comparing exposure to contaminated lake sediments in situ and in laboratory aquariums. Although differences were observed between the different exposure types, all approaches were found to be valid for investigating metal health effects in this organism. AbstractRelationships between exposure, tissue dose and biolog

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Masnavieva, L. B., I. V. Kudaeva, N. V. Efimova, and О. М. Zhurba. "INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURE LOAD OF FORMALDEHYDE AND ADOLESCENTS’ ORGANISM SENSIBILIZATION." Human Ecology, no. 6 (June 13, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2017-6-3-8.

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Ali Abdul Ridha, Ahed Mohammed, and Rusul Idan Mohsin. "Behavioral Change and Histological Effects of Xenobiotics Exposure in Aquatic Organism." BIO Web of Conferences 139 (2024): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413906005.

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The present study investigates the adverse effects of exposure to the organic toxicant diazinon pesticide on aquatic organisms, and its potential effects on some behavioral and histological parameters organism tissue. One aquatic organism was selected to estimate diazinon toxicity in Cyprinus carpio fish. The LC50 96 - hours to diazinon was estimated for C. carpio (total n= 72) They were exposed to a range of different Concentrations related to diazinon (60% EC) (0, 6, 10, and 15 mg/L). The LC50 The period was 96 hours when she was found 9.5 mg /L. The fish are exposed to 25% of the LC50 ( 2.3

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Meador, V. P., D. P. Warner, and B. L. Deyoe. "Distribution of Brucella abortus organisms in calves after conjunctival exposure." American Journal of Veterinary Research 49, no. 12 (1988): 2015–17. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.12.2015.

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SUMMARY Thirty calves (3 to 4 months old) were exposed conjunctivally to a pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus. Calves were euthanatized and necropsied at postexposure hours 2 and 4, and at postexposure days (ped) 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 42, and 49. Selected ocular, pharyngeal, and lymphoid tissues were cultured bacteriologically for brucellae to determine organism distribution. Brucella abortus organisms initially localized in the third eyelids, bulbar conjunctivae, and parotid lymph nodes and were detected in these structures until ped 42, 21, and 49 respectively. In calves euthanatized at ped 7,

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Klimek, Angelika, Anna Nowakowska, Hanna Kletkiewicz, et al. "Bidirectional Effect of Repeated Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (50 Hz) of 1 and 7 mT on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Rat’s Brain: The Prediction for the Vulnerability to Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (June 14, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1031211.

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Studies reported evidence for opposite effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF): harmful, including the oxidative stress induction, and beneficial, such as the activation of antioxidant defense. People’s exposure to EMF is often repeated or prolonged, and it is important to consider the cumulative effect of such kind of exposure on the organism. If changes evoked by repeated exposure to EMF are permanent, responsiveness to other stress factors can be modified. The aims of our study were (1) to evaluate changes in the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mark

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Romney, Marc, Stephen Cheung, and Valentina Montessori. "Erysipelothrix RhusiopathiaeEndocarditis and Presumed Osteomyelitis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 4 (2001): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/912086.

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaeis known to cause infections in humans following exposure to decaying organic matter or animals colonized with the organism, such as swine and fish. Invasive infections with this organism are unusual and are manifested primarily as infective endocarditis. The present report is believed to be the first to report a case ofE rhusiopathiaeendocarditis and presumptive osteomyelitis.E rhusiopathiaeappears to have intrinsic resistance to vancomycin. Because vancomycin is often used empirically for the treatment of endocarditis, rapid differentiation ofE rhusiopathiae> f

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Beresford, Nicholas A., Michael D. Wood, Sergey Gashchak, and Catherine L. Barnett. "Current ionising radiation doses in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone do not directly impact on soil biological activity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263600.

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Although soil organisms are essential for ecosystem function, the impacts of radiation on soil biological activity at highly contaminated sites has been relatively poorly studied. In April-May 2016, we conducted the first largescale deployment of bait lamina to estimate soil organism (largely soil invertebrate) feeding activity in situ at study plots in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Across our 53 study plots, estimated weighted absorbed dose rates to soil organisms ranged from 0.7 μGy h-1 to 1753 μGy h-1. There was no significant relationship between soil organism feeding activity and es

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Monteiro, Hugo R., João L. T. Pestana, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Bart Devreese, and Marco F. L. Lemos. "Chironomus riparius Proteome Responses to Spinosad Exposure." Toxics 8, no. 4 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040117.

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The potential of proteome responses as early-warning indicators of insecticide exposure was evaluated using the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius (Meigen) as the model organism. Chironomus riparius larvae were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of the neurotoxic pesticide spinosad to uncover molecular events that may provide insights on the long-term individual and population level consequences. The iTRAQ labeling method was performed to quantify protein abundance changes between exposed and non-exposed organisms. Data analysis revealed a general dose-dependent decrease in t

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Huffer, Sarah, Melinda E. Clark, Jonathan C. Ning, Harvey W. Blanch, and Douglas S. Clark. "Role of Alcohols in Growth, Lipid Composition, and Membrane Fluidity of Yeasts, Bacteria, and Archaea." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 18 (2011): 6400–6408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00694-11.

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ABSTRACTIncreased membrane fluidity, which causes cofactor leakage and loss of membrane potential, has long been documented as a cause for decreased cell growth during exposure to ethanol, butanol, and other alcohols. Reinforcement of the membrane with more complex lipid components is thus thought to be beneficial for the generation of more tolerant organisms. In this study, organisms with more complex membranes, namely, archaea, did not maintain high growth rates upon exposure to alcohols, indicating that more complex lipids do not necessarily fortify the membrane against the fluidizing effec

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Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M., Arand Michael, Hermann M. Bolt, et al. "The role of endogenous versus exogenous sources in the exposome of putative genotoxins and consequences for risk assessment." Archives of Toxicology 96, no. 5 (2022): 1297–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03242-0.

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AbstractThe “totality” of the human exposure is conceived to encompass life-associated endogenous and exogenous aggregate exposures. Process-related contaminants (PRCs) are not only formed in foods by heat processing, but also occur endogenously in the organism as physiological components of energy metabolism, potentially also generated by the human microbiome. To arrive at a comprehensive risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the contribution of in vivo background occurrence as compared to the ingestion from exogenous sources. Hence, this review provides an overview of the knowledge

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Craig, Paul M., Christer Hogstrand, Chris M. Wood, and Grant B. McClelland. "Gene expression endpoints following chronic waterborne copper exposure in a genomic model organism, the zebrafish, Danio rerio." Physiological Genomics 40, no. 1 (2009): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2009.

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Although copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, in excess, waterborne Cu poses a significant threat to fish from the cellular to population level. We examined the physiological and gene expression endpoints that chronic waterborne Cu exposure (21 d) imposes on soft-water acclimated zebrafish at two environmentally relevant concentrations: 8 μg/l (moderate) and 15 μg/l (high). Using a 16,730 65-mer oligonucleotide customized zebrafish microarray chip related to metal metabolism and toxicity to assess the transcriptomic response, we found that 573 genes in the liver respond

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McAuliffe, Clayton D. "ORGANISM EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE/SOLUBLE HYDROCARBONS FROM CRUDE OIL SPILLS—A FIELD AND LABORATORY COMPARISON." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (1987): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-275.

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ABSTRACT The acute toxicities of the water soluble fraction of crude oils or the aqueous solution of individual hydrocarbons were compared with the field exposure concentrations to dissolved hydrocarbons under crude oil slicks and emulsion plumes from chemically dispersed slicks. The exposures were related by expressing LC50 values for differing times and varying concentrations as a product (mean concentration × time = ppm-hours). Field exposures to soluble hydrocarbons under oil slicks on open water or in plumes of efficiently dispersed slicks are very low (from 150 to 1 million times lower)

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Kartikeswar, Gouda Ankula Kartikeswar, Helina Rahman, H. K. Dutta, and Amit Kumar Satapathy. "Bronchoalveolar lavage for etiological diagnosis of childhood pneumonia." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (2019): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192040.

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Background: Pneumonia is the most common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in age group less than 5 years. Identification of causative organism is a real challenge in these children though many of them are responding to the first line antibiotics therapy. Isolation of the organism is of paramount importance those who fails to respond to first line therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) over blood culture in finding out causative organisms of childhood non responder community acquired pneumonia and to study antibiotic

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CHO, M. J., R. W. BUESCHER, M. JOHNSON, and M. JANES. "Inactivation of Pathogenic Bacteria by Cucumber Volatiles (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal and (E)-2-Nonenal†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (2004): 1014–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.1014.

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The effects of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (NDE) and (E)-2-nonenal (NE) on Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium were investigated. A suspension of each organism of 6 to 9 log CFU/ml was incubated for 1 h at 37° C in brain heart infusion solution that contained 0 to 500 or 1,000 ppm of NDE or NE. Depending on concentration, exposure to either NDE or NE caused a reduction in CFU of each organism. Treatment with 250 and 500 ppm NDE completely eliminated viable B. cereus and Salmonella Typhimurium cells, respectively. L. monocytogenes was the most

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Wood, Richard L., Rebecca Rose, Nancy E. Coe, and Kathleen E. Ferris. "Experimental establishment of persistent infection in swine with a zoonotic strain of Salmonella newport." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 6 (1991): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.06.813.

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SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to determine whether a persistent Salmonella newport infection could be established in swine, to determine duration of shedding and distribution of the organism in internal organs, and to determine whether changes occurred in antimicrobial susceptibility or plasmid profile of the organism during the course of long-term infection. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 22) were orally exposed to a multiply antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic strain of S newport when they were 7 weeks old. Tonsillar and rectal swab specimens were examined bacteriologically

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Dhakal, Rabin, Mohammad Yosofvand, Mahsa Yavari, et al. "Review of Biological Effects of Acute and Chronic Radiation Exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans." Cells 10, no. 8 (2021): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081966.

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Knowledge regarding complex radiation responses in biological systems can be enhanced using genetically amenable model organisms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the use of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a model organism to investigate radiation’s biological effects. Diverse types of experiments were conducted on C. elegans, using acute and chronic exposure to different ionizing radiation types, and to assess various biological responses. These responses differed based on the type and dose of radiation and the chemical substances in which the worms were grown or maintain

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Torkunova, Olga Vladimirovna, and Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov. "Pharmacological correction of extreme effects of infrasound acoustic vibrations." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 12, no. 3 (2014): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf12320-25.

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Review devoted the problem of pharmacological defance from infrasound exposure to the organism. The physiological, biophysical and biochemical bases of infrasound action on the organism both of men and animals are presented in the paper. The big practical material on pharmacological drugs action assessed as sound-protectors was analysed. The drugs list includes psychostimulants, nootropics, antioxidants, antihypoxants, vitamines, analgetics, nonsteroid anti-inftamatory drugs, analeptics, adrenoblockers, smasmolytics etc. All drugs divided into two groups: pathogenic and symptomatic type of act

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Diengdoh, Omega Lasienhun, Sukjailin Ryntathiang, and Mayashree B. Syiem. "ZN TOLERANCE IN ANABAENA VARIABILIS MEGCH1: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF CARBON AND NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE." Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 17, no. 3 (2023): 391–406. https://doi.org/10.71336/jabs.1138.

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The present work was conducted to check the effects of Zn exposure (10 - 100 µM) in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis MEGCH1 over a period of seven days. The Zn concentration, even the lowest limit considered for the study, was substantially higher than that is generally found in coal mine contaminated wastewater. Most biochemical parameters in the organism showed marked tolerance towards Zn exposure up to a concentration of ~ 30 µM, although, in the presence of a higher Zn concentration, the organism showed substantial changes in its biomass, morphology, and ultrastructure, indicating th

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Hayano, Satoshi, Takayuki Masaki, Risako Tadakuma, and Masayuki Kashima. "Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae bacteraemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): e242580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242580.

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Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a family of Vibrionaceae and exists in the marine environment. The organism rarely causes soft-tissue infection in humans; moreover, most of the infected individuals have a history of fishing or exposure to brackish water. We experienced the case of a 63-year-old patient with a history of liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class B) who presented with a fever and swelling of the left leg with pain. His symptoms developed after fishing and eating raw fish with exposure of brackish water. He was diagnosed with cellulitis, and Photobacterium damselae spp. damsel

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Ventura, Vera, Dario G. Frisio, Giovanni Ferrazzi, and Elena Siletti. "How scary! An analysis of visual communication concerning genetically modified organisms in Italy." Public Understanding of Science 26, no. 5 (2016): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662516638634.

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Several studies provide evidence of the role of written communication in influencing public perception towards genetically modified organisms, whereas visual communication has been sparsely investigated. This article aims to evaluate the exposure of the Italian population to scary genetically modified organism–related images. A set of 517 images collected through Google are classified considering fearful attributes, and an index that accounts for the scary impact of these images is built. Then, through an ordinary least-squares regression, we estimate the relationship between the Scary Impact

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Omega, Lasienhun Diengdoh, Ryntathiang Sukjailin, and B. Syiem Mayashree. "ZN TOLERANCE IN ANABAENA VARIABILIS MEGCH1: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF CARBON AND NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE." Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 17, no. 3 (2023): 391–406. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10035137.

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The present work was conducted to check the effects of Zn exposure (10 - 100 µM) in the cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena variabilis </i>MEGCH1 over a period of seven days. The Zn concentration, even the lowest limit considered for the study, was substantially higher than that is generally found in coal mine contaminated wastewater. Most biochemical parameters in the organism showed marked tolerance towards Zn exposure up to a concentration of ~ 30 µM, although, in the presence of a higher Zn concentration, the organism showed substantial changes in its biomass, morphology, and ul

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Calisi, A., M. G. Lionetto, E. De Lorenzis, A. Leomanni, and T. Schettino. "Metallothionein Induction in the Coelomic Fluid of the EarthwormLumbricus terrestrisfollowing Heavy Metal Exposure: A Short Report." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/109386.

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Earthworms are useful bioindicator organisms for soil biomonitoring. Recently the use of pollution biomarkers in earthworms has been increasingly investigated for soil monitoring and assessment. Earthworm coelomic fluid is particularly interesting from a toxicological perspective, because it is responsible for pollutant disposition and tissue distribution to the whole organism. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of heavy metal exposure on metallothionein (Mt) induction in the coelomic fluid ofLumbricus terrestrisin view of future use as sensitive biomarker suitable for applica

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LIN, MENG-HSUAN, MING-LUN CHIANG, CHORNG-LIANG PAN, and CHENG-CHUN CHOU. "Heat Shock and Cold Shock Treatments Affect the Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium Exposed to Disinfectants." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 4 (2012): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-419.

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The foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were subjected to heat shock at 48°C for 10 and 30 min, respectively, and then cold shocked at 15°C for 3 h. The effect of these shocks on the viability of test organisms exposed to chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compounds was then determined. After exposure to the disinfectants, the viable population of each test organism, regardless of heat shock or cold shock treatment, decreased as the exposure period was extended. Both heat shock and cold shock treatments reduced the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to b

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ŞİMŞEK, İlker, Pınar ARSLAN, Çağlan GÜNAL, Özgür KUZUKIRAN, and Ayhan FİLAZİ. "Acute and Chonic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Unio delicatus." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 1 (2024): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1351240.

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The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) including water filters, paints, cosmetics, deodorants, clothing, textiles, food packaging, electrical appliances and medical devices inevitably leads to their release into the natural environment, bioaccumulation in organisms and persistent accumulation in natural aquatic systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute and chronic effects of silver nanoparticles, which can contaminate aquatic ecosystems, in freshwater mussels, one of the aquatic invertebrate organisms. The model organism of the study, Unio delicatus, was obtained f

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Shama, Leslie M., and Robert K. D. Peterson. "Assessing Risks of Plant-Based Pharmaceuticals: II. Non-Target Organism Exposure." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 14, no. 1 (2008): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030701791726.

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Kates, Ashley, Nathan Putman-Buehler, Lauren Watson, et al. "Multidrug-Resistant Organism Carriage in Wisconsin Children." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s324—s325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.925.

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Background: Children attending daycare are at increased risk of carrying multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) compared to children not attending daycare. Carriage of MDROs greatly increases the risk of infection, not only in the child but also for others living in the household. Understanding the epidemiology of MDRO carriage in children is essential to devising effective containment strategies. Here, we present the findings from a cross-sectional study assessing MDRO carriage in daycare-attending and nonattending children in Wisconsin. Methods: We applied the following enrollment criteria: C

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Price, A., W. Maher, J. Kirby, et al. "Distribution of arsenic species in an open seagrass ecosystem: relationship to trophic groups, habitats and feeding zones." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11105.

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Environmental contextAlthough arsenic occurs at high concentrations in many marine systems, the influencing factors are poorly understood. The arsenic content of sediments, detritus, suspended particles and organisms have been investigated from different trophic levels in an open seagrass ecosystem. Total arsenic concentrations and arsenic species were organism-specific and determined by a variety of factors including exposure, diet and the organism physiology. AbstractThe distribution and speciation of arsenic within an open marine seagrass ecosystem in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia is descr

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Büttner, Sabrina, Tobias Eisenberg, Eva Herker, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Guido Kroemer, and Frank Madeo. "Why yeast cells can undergo apoptosis: death in times of peace, love, and war." Journal of Cell Biology 175, no. 4 (2006): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200608098.

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The purpose of apoptosis in multicellular organisms is obvious: single cells die for the benefit of the whole organism (for example, during tissue development or embryogenesis). Although apoptosis has also been shown in various microorganisms, the reason for this cell death program has remained unexplained. Recently published studies have now described yeast apoptosis during aging, mating, or exposure to killer toxins (Fabrizio, P., L. Battistella, R. Vardavas, C. Gattazzo, L.L. Liou, A. Diaspro, J.W. Dossen, E.B. Gralla, and V.D. Longo. 2004. J. Cell Biol. 166:1055–1067; Herker, E., H. Jungwi

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Purbonegoro, Triyoni. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOKSISITAS BAHAN PENCEMAR TERHADAP ORGANISME PERAIRAN." OSEANA 42, no. 2 (2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.2.43.

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FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction an

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Manavathu, Elias K., Jessica L. Cutright, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar. "Organism-Dependent Fungicidal Activities of Azoles." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 11 (1998): 3018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.11.3018.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the antifungal activities of itraconazole and voriconazole on Aspergillus species by time kill studies, and the results were compared with those obtained forCandida species. Exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia to varying concentrations (1.25 to 10 μg/ml) of itraconazole and voriconazole resulted in cellular death; the cytocidal effect was time and concentration dependent. In contrast, no killing of Candida albicans occurred in the presence of itraconazole and voriconazole at concentrations as high as 10 μg/ml, although candidal growth was inhibited compared to th

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Auguste, Manon, Martina Leonessi, Lapo Doni, et al. "Polyester Microfibers Exposure Modulates Mytilus galloprovincialis Hemolymph Microbiome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15 (2024): 8049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158049.

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Microplastic (MP) contamination in the aquatic environment is a cause of concern worldwide since MP can be taken up by different organisms, altering different biological functions. In particular, evidence is accumulating that MP can affect the relationship between the host and its associated microbial communities (the microbiome), with potentially negative health consequences. Synthetic microfibers (MFs) represent one of the main MPs in the marine environment, which can be accumulated by filter-feeding invertebrates, such as bivalves, with consequent negative effects and transfer through the f

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Bhimte, Aamrapali. "Effect of Fluoride Level on Aquatic Organism and their Life." International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review 12, no. 10 (2024): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2024.1210.006.

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The toxicity of fluoride in aquatic organism increases with the rise in level of fluoride concentration, duration of exposure, and water temperature, while it diminishes with an increase in intraspecific size and the water levels of calcium and chloride. Freshwater invertebrates and fishes, particularly net spinning caddisfly larvae and migrating adult salmon, are more susceptible to fluoride toxicity compared to estuarine and marine species. In soft waters characterized by low ionic content, even a fluoride concentration as minimal as 0.5 mg F−/l can significantly harm invertebrates and fishe

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Phillips, Marshall, Billy L. Deyoe, and Peter C. Canning. "Protection of mice against Brucella abortus infection by inoculation with monoclonal antibodies recognizing Brucella O-antigen." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 12 (1989): 2158–61. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.12.2158.

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SUMMARY Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the O-polysaccharide portion of Brucella abortus strain 2308 provided BALB/c mice with passive protection against challenge exposure with the homologous strain. Numbers of colony-forming organisms in the spleen were reduced by IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies. Active immunization of mice, using B abortus 2308S lipopolysaccharide, resulted in production of IgM antibody at 14 days. Clearance of organisms in the actively immunized mice after challenge exposure at 14 days was nearly identical to that in passively immunized mice. Mice either passively or a

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KOUADIO, Saint-Pierre, and Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel. "Review of the Approach to Modelling Pesticides Dispersion in Environment for Determining the Concentrations to Which Organisms are Exposed as Part of Risk Assessment." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 10, no. 2 (2023): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.5489.2023.

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There is an interest in the toxicity of pesticides in plant protection treatments for humans and the environment. As such, assessing toxicity risk is essential. Risk assessment is constrained due to the large amount of data to be measured, short collection times, insufficient data even when available, and the absence of bioaccumulation of the pollutant in the target organism. Modelling becomes an ally in overcoming these shortcomings. The assessor thus has at his disposal statistical, compartmental, Gaussian, Lagrangian, and Eulerian models to estimate the exposure of target organisms.

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Sukanya, Mehra and Pooja Chadha. "Molecular Biomarkers as Key Factors to Evaluate the Extent of Industrial Pollution Exposure." Environmental Science Archives 2, STI-2 (2023): 18–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7527951.

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Over recent decades, environmental pollution is rapidly increasing because of the anthropogenic activities of uncontrolled development, for example, industry, transport, agriculture, and urbanization, which generates harmful contaminants for living organisms including humans. These contaminants get accumulated in the organism via different routes and get bioaccumulated in different tissues exerting detrimental effects at different levels (molecular, cellular and physiological levels). The measurement of biological assays in sentinel species to access quality and changes of the environment is k

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Klaper, Rebecca, Devrah Arndt, Jared Bozich, and Gustavo Dominguez. "Molecular interactions of nanomaterials and organisms: defining biomarkers for toxicity and high-throughput screening using traditional and next-generation sequencing approaches." Analyst 139, no. 5 (2014): 882–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3an01644g.

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Sevim, Çiğdem, and Mehtap Kara. "Can probiotics win the battle against environmental endocrine disruptors?" Arhiv za farmaciju 71, no. 6 (2021): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-34237.

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Compounds that have negative effects on the endocrine system are called endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). There are several different types of compounds, with several different usage areas in the environment, which can be classified as EDCs. These chemicals have a wide range of negative health effects in organisms, depending on their target hormone system. EDCs are among the most popular topics of scientific research, as they are widely used and organisms are frequently exposed to these chemicals. There are various exposure routes for EDCs, such as oral, inhalation and dermal exposure. Pa

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Velev, Romel, Natasa Krleska-Veleva, and Vitomir Cupic. "Poisoning of domestic animals with heavy metals." Veterinarski glasnik 63, no. 5-6 (2009): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0906393v.

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The term heavy metal refers to a metal that has a relatively high density and is toxic for animal and human organism at low concentrations. Heavy metals are natural components of the Earth's crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. To a small extent they enter animal organism via food, drinking water and air. Some heavy metals (e.g cooper, iron, chromium, zinc) are essential in very low concentrations for the survival of all forms of life. These are described as essential trace elements. However, when they are present in greater quantities, like the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury w

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Mather, Thomas N., Durland Fish, and Richard T. Coughlin. "Competence of dogs as reservoirs for Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 205, no. 2 (1994): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1994.205.02.186.

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Summary Dogs become infected with Borrelia burgdorferi after being bitten by infected adult ticks. However, it is not known whether dogs are competent reservoirs of the organism, that is, it is not known whether infected dogs can subsequently transmit the bacterium to feeding immature ticks. To determine reservoir competence of dogs, 11 Beagles were experimentally infected by means of challenge exposure to infected adult deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Three weeks later, larval ticks were allowed to feed on the dogs. Engorged larvae were collected, allowed to molt to the nymph stage, and teste

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Fortunato, Angelo, Alexis Fleming, Athena Aktipis, and Carlo C. Maley. "Upregulation of DNA repair genes and cell extrusion underpin the remarkable radiation resistance of Trichoplax adhaerens." PLOS Biology 19, no. 11 (2021): e3001471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001471.

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Trichoplax adhaerens is the simplest multicellular animal with tissue differentiation and somatic cell turnover. Like all other multicellular organisms, it should be vulnerable to cancer, yet there have been no reports of cancer in T. adhaerens or any other placozoan. We investigated the cancer resistance of T. adhaerens, discovering that they are able to tolerate high levels of radiation damage (218.6 Gy). To investigate how T. adhaerens survive levels of radiation that are lethal to other animals, we examined gene expression after the X-ray exposure, finding overexpression of genes involved

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Pedrete, Thaís de Almeida, Caroline de Lima Mota, Eline Simões Gonçalves, and Josino Costa Moreira. "Towards a personalized risk assessment for exposure of humans to toxic substances." Cadernos Saúde Coletiva 24, no. 2 (2016): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x201600020135.

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Abstract Great response variability caused by genetic and/or environmental factors has been observed among organisms exposed to hazardous chemicals. This subject has been a topic of intense discussion in the USA since President Obama announced support for an “era of precision medicine”, which consists in the inclusion of genetic data of patients in the treatment design, imposing a new approach to risk assessment. Personalized evaluation must consider the phenotypic factors of an individual. Among the markers that have been developed to evaluate any alteration in the structure or function of or

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Oliveira da Costa Mattos, Rita de Cássia, Ely Caetano Xavier, Helena Ramirez Domingos Mainenti, et al. "Evaluation of calcium excretion in Brazilian infantile and young population environmentally exposed to lead." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 9 (2009): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109102804.

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Lead exposure is an important issue in the research of several toxic effects resulting from the biochemical interaction between this metal and the organism. Calcium is a fundamental mineral for the maintenance of the organism homeostasis where there is interaction between lead and calcium in metabolic pathways. Environmental lead exposure by verifying the usefulness and applicability of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) in this context was evaluated. This was an extensive socio-demographic study of the nutritional profile, lead exposure biomarkers in blood and the urine and UCa/Cr rati

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