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Journal articles on the topic 'Exposure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Agier, Lydiane, Xavier Basagaña, Carles Hernandez-Ferrer, et al. "Association between the pregnancy exposome and fetal growth." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 2 (2020): 572–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa017.

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Abstract Background Several environmental contaminants were shown to possibly influence fetal growth, generally from single exposure family studies, which are prone to publication bias and confounding by co-exposures. The exposome paradigm offers perspectives to avoid selective reporting of findings and to control for confounding by co-exposures. We aimed to characterize associations of fetal growth with the pregnancy chemical and external exposomes. Methods Within the Human Early-Life Exposome project, 131 prenatal exposures were assessed using biomarkers and environmental models in 1287 moth

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2

Turner, Michelle C., Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Kim Anderson, et al. "Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations." Annual Review of Public Health 38, no. 1 (2017): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802.

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The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information

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M.C., Turner, Nieuwenhuijsen M., Anderson K., et al. "Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations." Annual Review of Public Health 38 (March 20, 2017): 215–39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802.

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The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information

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Lyon-Caen, Sarah, Valérie Siroux, Johanna Lepeule, et al. "Deciphering the Impact of Early-Life Exposures to Highly Variable Environmental Factors on Foetal and Child Health: Design of SEPAGES Couple-Child Cohort." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (2019): 3888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203888.

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In humans, studies based on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept and targeting short half-lived chemicals, including many endocrine disruptors, generally assessed exposures from spot biospecimens. Effects of early-life exposure to atmospheric pollutants were reported, based on outdoor air pollution levels. For both exposure families, exposure misclassification is expected from these designs: for non-persistent chemicals, because a spot biospecimen is unlikely to capture exposure over windows longer than a few days; for air pollutants, because indoor levels are ignored. W

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5

López-Cervantes, Juan Pablo, Marianne Lønnebotn, Nils Oskar Jogi, et al. "The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312684.

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Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult

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6

Stingone, Jeanette A., Germaine M. Buck Louis, Shoji F. Nakayama, et al. "Toward Greater Implementation of the Exposome Research Paradigm within Environmental Epidemiology." Annual Review of Public Health 38, no. 1 (2017): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012750.

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Investigating a single environmental exposure in isolation does not reflect the actual human exposure circumstance nor does it capture the multifactorial etiology of health and disease. The exposome, defined as the totality of environmental exposures from conception onward, may advance our understanding of environmental contributors to disease by more fully assessing the multitude of human exposures across the life course. Implementation into studies of human health has been limited, in part owing to theoretical and practical challenges including a lack of infrastructure to support comprehensi

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7

Godson, Kofi Davies, Olakunle Ajayi Oluwole, Wright-Ajayi Busayo, et al. "Unravelling the complexity of environmental exposures and health: A novel exposome-centered framework for occupational and environmental epidemiology." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2024): 026–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13466211.

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The exposome-centered approach marks a significant shift in occupational and environmental epidemiology, prioritizing a holistic evaluation of environmental exposures throughout an individual's life to elucidate their effects on health. Unlike traditional methods that single out environmental factors for their direct health impacts, this approach seeks an integrated analysis of all non-genetic influences, encompassing specific and general external environments and internal responses. While acknowledging environmental factors' pivotal role in chronic diseases and global mortality, existing meth

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8

Godson, Kofi Davies, Olakunle Ajayi Oluwole, Wright-Ajayi Busayo, et al. "Unravelling the complexity of environmental exposures and health: A novel exposome-centered framework for occupational and environmental epidemiology." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2024): 026–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13466211.

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The exposome-centered approach marks a significant shift in occupational and environmental epidemiology, prioritizing a holistic evaluation of environmental exposures throughout an individual's life to elucidate their effects on health. Unlike traditional methods that single out environmental factors for their direct health impacts, this approach seeks an integrated analysis of all non-genetic influences, encompassing specific and general external environments and internal responses. While acknowledging environmental factors' pivotal role in chronic diseases and global mortality, existing meth

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9

Godson, Kofi Davies, Olakunle Ajayi Oluwole, Wright-Ajayi Busayo, et al. "Unravelling the complexity of environmental exposures and health: A novel exposome-centered framework for occupational and environmental epidemiology." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2024): 026–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13466211.

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The exposome-centered approach marks a significant shift in occupational and environmental epidemiology, prioritizing a holistic evaluation of environmental exposures throughout an individual's life to elucidate their effects on health. Unlike traditional methods that single out environmental factors for their direct health impacts, this approach seeks an integrated analysis of all non-genetic influences, encompassing specific and general external environments and internal responses. While acknowledging environmental factors' pivotal role in chronic diseases and global mortality, existing meth

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10

Godson, Kofi Davies, Olakunle Ajayi Oluwole, Wright-Ajayi Busayo, et al. "Unravelling the complexity of environmental exposures and health: A novel exposome-centered framework for occupational and environmental epidemiology." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2024): 026–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13466211.

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Abstract:

The exposome-centered approach marks a significant shift in occupational and environmental epidemiology, prioritizing a holistic evaluation of environmental exposures throughout an individual's life to elucidate their effects on health. Unlike traditional methods that single out environmental factors for their direct health impacts, this approach seeks an integrated analysis of all non-genetic influences, encompassing specific and general external environments and internal responses. While acknowledging environmental factors' pivotal role in chronic diseases and global mortality, existing meth

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11

Godson, Kofi Davies, Olakunle Ajayi Oluwole, Wright-Ajayi Busayo, et al. "Unravelling the complexity of environmental exposures and health: A novel exposome-centered framework for occupational and environmental epidemiology." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2024): 026–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13466211.

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Abstract:

The exposome-centered approach marks a significant shift in occupational and environmental epidemiology, prioritizing a holistic evaluation of environmental exposures throughout an individual's life to elucidate their effects on health. Unlike traditional methods that single out environmental factors for their direct health impacts, this approach seeks an integrated analysis of all non-genetic influences, encompassing specific and general external environments and internal responses. While acknowledging environmental factors' pivotal role in chronic diseases and global mortality, existing meth

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12

Rappaport, Stephen M. "Implications of the exposome for exposure science." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410754.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) During the 1920s, the forerunners of exposure science collaborated with health professionals to investigate the causes of occupational diseases. With the birth of U.S. regulatory agencies in the 1970s, interest in the environmental origins of human diseases waned, and exposure scientists focused instead upon levels of selected contaminants in air and water. In fact, toxic chemicals enter the body not only from exogenous sources (air, water, diet, drugs, and radiation) but also from endogenous processes, including inflammation, lipid peroxidati

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13

Rappaport, Stephen M. "Implications of the exposome for exposure science." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410754.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) During the 1920s, the forerunners of exposure science collaborated with health professionals to investigate the causes of occupational diseases. With the birth of U.S. regulatory agencies in the 1970s, interest in the environmental origins of human diseases waned, and exposure scientists focused instead upon levels of selected contaminants in air and water. In fact, toxic chemicals enter the body not only from exogenous sources (air, water, diet, drugs, and radiation) but also from endogenous processes, including inflammation, lipid peroxidati

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14

Rappaport, Stephen M. "Implications of the exposome for exposure science." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410754.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) During the 1920s, the forerunners of exposure science collaborated with health professionals to investigate the causes of occupational diseases. With the birth of U.S. regulatory agencies in the 1970s, interest in the environmental origins of human diseases waned, and exposure scientists focused instead upon levels of selected contaminants in air and water. In fact, toxic chemicals enter the body not only from exogenous sources (air, water, diet, drugs, and radiation) but also from endogenous processes, including inflammation, lipid peroxidati

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15

Rappaport, Stephen M. "Implications of the exposome for exposure science." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410754.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) During the 1920s, the forerunners of exposure science collaborated with health professionals to investigate the causes of occupational diseases. With the birth of U.S. regulatory agencies in the 1970s, interest in the environmental origins of human diseases waned, and exposure scientists focused instead upon levels of selected contaminants in air and water. In fact, toxic chemicals enter the body not only from exogenous sources (air, water, diet, drugs, and radiation) but also from endogenous processes, including inflammation, lipid peroxidati

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16

Rappaport, Stephen M. "Implications of the exposome for exposure science." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410754.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) During the 1920s, the forerunners of exposure science collaborated with health professionals to investigate the causes of occupational diseases. With the birth of U.S. regulatory agencies in the 1970s, interest in the environmental origins of human diseases waned, and exposure scientists focused instead upon levels of selected contaminants in air and water. In fact, toxic chemicals enter the body not only from exogenous sources (air, water, diet, drugs, and radiation) but also from endogenous processes, including inflammation, lipid peroxidati

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17

Rappaport, Stephen M. "Implications of the exposome for exposure science." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410754.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) During the 1920s, the forerunners of exposure science collaborated with health professionals to investigate the causes of occupational diseases. With the birth of U.S. regulatory agencies in the 1970s, interest in the environmental origins of human diseases waned, and exposure scientists focused instead upon levels of selected contaminants in air and water. In fact, toxic chemicals enter the body not only from exogenous sources (air, water, diet, drugs, and radiation) but also from endogenous processes, including inflammation, lipid peroxidati

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18

Mason, Lisa H., Jordan P. Harp, and Dong Y. Han. "Pb Neurotoxicity: Neuropsychological Effects of Lead Toxicity." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840547.

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Neurotoxicity is a term used to describe neurophysiological changes caused by exposure to toxic agents. Such exposure can result in neurocognitive symptoms and/or psychiatric disturbances. Common toxic agents include heavy metals, drugs, organophosphates, bacterial, and animal neurotoxins. Among heavy metal exposures, lead exposure is one of the most common exposures that can lead to significant neuropsychological and functional decline in humans. In this review, neurotoxic lead exposure's pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology are explored. In addition, commonly associated neuropsycholog

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19

Siroux, Valérie, Lydiane Agier, and Rémy Slama. "The exposome concept: a challenge and a potential driver for environmental health research." European Respiratory Review 25, no. 140 (2016): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0034-2016.

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The exposome concept was defined in 2005 as encompassing all environmental exposures from conception onwards, as a new strategy to evidence environmental disease risk factors. Although very appealing, the exposome concept is challenging in many respects. In terms of assessment, several hundreds of time-varying exposures need to be considered, but increasing the number of exposures assessed should not be done at the cost of increased exposure misclassification. Accurately assessing the exposome currently requires numerous measurements, which rely on different technologies; resulting in an expen

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20

Antonini, James M., Vamsi Kodali, Mohammad Shoeb, et al. "Effect of a High-Fat Diet and Occupational Exposure in Different Rat Strains on Lung and Systemic Responses: Examination of the Exposome in an Animal Model." Toxicological Sciences 174, no. 1 (2019): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz247.

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Abstract The exposome is the measure of all exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. The goal was to examine an experimental model integrating multiple aspects of the exposome by collecting biological samples during critical life stages of an exposed animal that are applicable to worker populations. Genetic contributions were assessed using strains of male rats with different genetic backgrounds (Fischer-344, Sprague Dawley, and Brown-Norway) maintained on a regular or high-fat diet for 24 weeks. At week 7 during diet maintenance, groups of rats from e

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21

HS, Ravish. "Assessment of Post-exposure Prophylaxis Services for Animal Exposures in Healthcare Facilities of a Municipal Corporation." APCRI Journal 25, no. 1 (2023): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0973.5038.202302.

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22

Mehta, Maharshi. "74 Leveraging on exposure profiles for efficient exposure monitoring outcome." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 68, Supplement_1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.030.

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Abstract Occupational hygiene service providers and companies worldwide have been collecting thousands of exposure monitoring samples and not leveraging the lessons learned from exposure monitoring results. The exposure monitoring results are often not representative of actual exposures. Precious resources are wasted in collecting exposure monitoring samples when not needed based on, for example, previous exposure monitoring results and chemical properties. For example, inhalation of phosphoric acid exposure is rarely a concern as phosphoric acid vapor pressure is low (0.03 mmHg (20 °C). Expos

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23

Guillien, Alicia, Solène Cadiou, Rémy Slama, and Valérie Siroux. "The Exposome Approach to Decipher the Role of Multiple Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants in Asthma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (2021): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031138.

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Asthma is a widespread respiratory disease caused by complex contribution from genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. For several decades, its sensitivity to environmental factors has been investigated in single exposure (or single family of exposures) studies, which might be a narrow approach to tackle the etiology of such a complex multifactorial disease. The emergence of the exposome concept, introduced by C. Wild (2005), offers an alternative to address exposure–health associations. After presenting an overview of the exposome concept, we discuss different statistical approaches us

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Oltramare, Christelle, Zakia Mediouni, Yara Shoman, Nancy B. Hopf, Halshka Graczyk, and Aurélie Berthet. "Determinants of Pesticide Exposure in Occupational Studies: A Meta-Analysis." Toxics 11, no. 7 (2023): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070623.

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Few epidemiological studies use exposure determinants specifically tailored to assess pesticide or plant protection product (PPP) exposures when assessing presumed association between occupational exposure and health outcomes among agricultural workers. This lack of exposure specificity could lead to results that fail to detect an association. It could be related to the lack of consensus on exposure assessment methods and the choice of exposure determinants. We conducted a meta-analysis following the PRISMA checklist to identify PPP exposure determinants used in occupational studies and identi

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Bartram, Söhnke M., and Gordon M. Bodnar. "The exchange rate exposure puzzle." Managerial Finance 33, no. 9 (2007): 642–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350710776226.

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PurposeBased on basic financial models and reports in the business press, exchange rate movements are generally believed to affect the value of nonfinancial firms. In contrast, the empirical research on nonfinancial firms typically produces fewer significant exposures estimates than researchers expect, independent of the sample studied and the methodology used, giving rise to a situation known as “the exposure puzzle”. To this end, this paper aims to systematically analyze the existing empirical evidence of the exposure phenomenon and to attempt to understand the possible source of the exposur

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N., Steckling, Gotti A., Bose-O'Reilly S., et al. "Biomarkers of exposure in environment-wide association studies - Opportunities to decode the exposome using human biomonitoring data." Environmental Research 164 (April 5, 2018): 597–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.041.

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BACKGROUND: The European Union's 7th Framework Programme (EU's FP7) project HEALS - Health and Environment-wide Associations based on Large Population Surveys - aims a refinement of the methodology to elucidate the human exposome. Human biomonitoring (HBM) provides a valuable tool for understanding the magnitude of human exposure from all pathways and sources. However, availability of specific biomarkers of exposure (BoE) is limited. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to summarize the availability of BoEs for a broad range of environmental stressors and exposure determinants and correspondi

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N., Steckling, Gotti A., Bose-O'Reilly S., et al. "Biomarkers of exposure in environment-wide association studies - Opportunities to decode the exposome using human biomonitoring data." Environmental Research 164 (April 5, 2018): 597–624. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1412032.

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BACKGROUND: The European Union's 7th Framework Programme (EU's FP7) project HEALS - Health and Environment-wide Associations based on Large Population Surveys - aims a refinement of the methodology to elucidate the human exposome. Human biomonitoring (HBM) provides a valuable tool for understanding the magnitude of human exposure from all pathways and sources. However, availability of specific biomarkers of exposure (BoE) is limited. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to summarize the availability of BoEs for a broad range of environmental stressors and exposure determinants and correspondi

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Greenland, Sander, and Charles Poole. "INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL EXPOSURE VARIABILITY AND ZERO-EXPOSURE CATEGORIES FOR CONTINUOUS EXPOSURES." Epidemiology 6, no. 3 (1995): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199505000-00024.

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Robertson, Chris, Peter Boyle, Chung-cheng Hsieh, Gary J. Macfarlane, and Patrick Maisonneuve. "INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL EXPOSURE VARIABILITY AND ZERO-EXPOSURE CATEGORIES FOR CONTINUOUS EXPOSURES." Epidemiology 6, no. 3 (1995): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199505000-00027.

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Paganelli, Matteo, Giuseppe De Palma, and Pietro Apostoli. "[Esposome: from intuition to compulsory line of research in Occupational and Environmental Medical Sciences]." Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia 39, no. 2 (2025): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.4081/gimle.606.

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As genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of genes, exposomics refers to the totality of lifetime environmental exposures, consisting in a novel approach to studying the role of the environment in human disease.The aim is to assess all human environmental and occupational exposures in order to better understand their contribution to human diseases. The "omics" revolution infact mostly regards the underlying method: scientific knowledge is expected to come from the analysis of increasingly extensive databases.The primary focus is on air pollution and water contamina

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Post, WK, D. Heederik, H. Kromhout, and D. Kromhout. "Occupational exposures estimated by a population specific job exposure matrix and 25 year incidence rate of chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD): the Zutphen Study." European Respiratory Journal 7, no. 6 (1994): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07061048.

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The influence of occupational exposures on total mortality and respiratory mortality and morbidity was examined, employing a population specific Job Exposure Matrix (JEM). Moreover, the relationship between time-related variables of exposure to dust and chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD) incidence was analysed, using time since first exposure and duration of exposure. Occupational exposures in the Zutphen cohort were assessed by application of a JEM, arbitrarily considering jobs as exposed when at least 10% of men who had held the job of interest reported an exposure to one or more from

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Fan, Jung-wei, Jianrong Li, and Yves A. Lussier. "Semantic Modeling for Exposomics with Exploratory Evaluation in Clinical Context." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3818302.

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Exposome is a critical dimension in the precision medicine paradigm. Effective representation of exposomics knowledge is instrumental to melding nongenetic factors into data analytics for clinical research. There is still limited work in (1) modeling exposome entities and relations with proper integration to mainstream ontologies and (2) systematically studying their presence in clinical context. Through selected ontological relations, we developed a template-driven approach to identifying exposome concepts from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). The derived concepts were evaluated in

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Trigger, Sarah, Moronke Akinso Johnson, Anh Nguyen Zarndt, and Danielle K. Hill. "Tweets About Acute Nicotine Toxicity Due to e-Liquid Exposure." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 1 (2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.1.4.

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Objectives: Intentional and unintentional exposures to electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) e-liquids can cause illness and death. In this study, we describe acute nicotine toxicity due to e-liquid exposure (ANTEE) information found on Twitter and contextualize ANTEE experiences to clarify conditions associated with exposure. Methods: We obtained 20,180 ANTEE- relevant tweets from 2013-2018. We excluded retweets, suspected bots, non-English tweets, tweets not originating in the US, and advertisements. We coded relevant tweets qualitatively using domains for e-liquid exposure tweets and e

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Fucic, Alekandra, Alberto Mantovani, and Gavin W. ten Tusscher. "Immuno-Hormonal, Genetic and Metabolic Profiling of Newborns as a Basis for the Life-Long OneHealth Medical Record: A Scoping Review." Medicina 57, no. 4 (2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040382.

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Holistic and life-long medical surveillance is the core of personalised medicine and supports an optimal implementation of both preventive and curative healthcare. Personal medical records are only partially unified by hospital or general practitioner informatics systems, but only for citizens with long-term permanent residence. Otherwise, insight into the medical history of patients greatly depends on their medical archive and memory. Additionally, occupational exposure records are not combined with clinical or general practitioner records. Environmental exposure starts preconceptionally and

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Neitzel, Richard. "Total Non-Occupational Noise Exposure of Construction Workers." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 36, no. 5 (2005): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0957456054530296.

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Total non-occupational noise exposure levels were estimated for a group of 266 construction apprentices participating in a longitudinal study of noise and hearing loss. Subjects were interviewed regarding their exposure to “episodic” activities (e.g., concert attendance), and noise levels for these activities were obtained from a literature review. “Routine” activities were assessed using a combination of self-reported activity logs and non-occupational noise dosimetry measurements. Routine and episodic activity exposures were combined into estimated annual Leq exposure levels for the 6760 nom

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Crump, Kenny S. "The Effect of Random Error in Exposure Measurement upon the Shape of the Exposure Response." Dose-Response 3, no. 4 (2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.04.002.

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Although statistical analyses of epidemiological data usually treat the exposure variable as being known without error, estimated exposures in epidemiological studies often involve considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates the theoretical effect of random errors in exposure measurement upon the observed shape of the exposure response. The model utilized assumes that true exposures are log-normally distributed, and multiplicative measurement errors are also log-normally distributed and independent of the true exposures. Under these conditions it is shown that whenever the true exposure

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Ottenbros, Ilse, Tiina Santonen, José Tarazona, et al. "219 Gaps in current aggregated occupational and non-occupational exposure assessment approaches." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 68, Supplement_1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.083.

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Abstract Humans are exposed to multiple stressors via various exposure routes and sources, among which occupational settings. While traditional exposure assessments focus on single chemicals or routes, combined exposures are increasingly being considered focusing on more than one source or route. An aggregated exposure assessment approach is necessary to encompass all the different sources and routes through which a single chemical may originate, from both the occupational and non-occupational environments. Currently, there is a lack of a standardized methodology or guidance for conducting agg

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Dale, Ann Marie, Christine C. Ekenga, Skye Buckner-Petty, et al. "Incident CTS in a large pooled cohort study: associations obtained by a Job Exposure Matrix versus associations obtained from observed exposures." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 7 (2018): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104744.

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BackgroundThere is growing use of a job exposure matrix (JEM) to provide exposure estimates in studies of work-related musculoskeletal disorders; few studies have examined the validity of such estimates, nor did compare associations obtained with a JEM with those obtained using other exposures.ObjectiveThis study estimated upper extremity exposures using a JEM derived from a publicly available data set (Occupational Network, O*NET), and compared exposure-disease associations for incident carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with those obtained using observed physical exposure measures in a large prosp

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Merchant, Roland C., Jeremy B. Katzen, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Bruce M. Becker. "Emergency Department Evaluations of Non-Percutaneous Blood or Body Fluid Exposures during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 4 (2007): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004969.

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AbstractIntroduction:The demography of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non- HCWs seeking medical care at emergency departments after a non-percutaneous potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) duringcardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the types and body locations of their exposures, the time elapsed from exposure to emergency department presentation, and usage of HIV-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for these exposures are described.Methods:A retrospective study of emergency department patients who were exposed to blood or body fluids during CPR in Rhode Island from January 1995–

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Poole, Jill A., Todd A. Wyatt, Peter J. Oldenburg, et al. "Intranasal organic dust exposure-induced airway adaptation response marked by persistent lung inflammation and pathology in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): L1085—L1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.90622.2008.

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Organic dust exposure in agricultural environments results in an inflammatory response that attenuates over time, but repetitive exposures can result in chronic respiratory disease. Animal models to study these mechanisms are limited. This study investigated the effects of single vs. repetitive dust-induced airway inflammation in mice by intranasal exposure method. Mice were exposed to swine facility dust extract (DE) or saline once and once daily for 1 and 2 wk. Dust exposure resulted in increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils and macrophages after single and repetitive exposures.

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Tenga, Albert Z., Beverley Hale, and Douglas P. Ormrod. "Growth responses of young cuttings of Populus deltoides × nigra to ozone in controlled environments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 5 (1993): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-111.

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Controlled-environment facilities were used to determine the growth response of hybrid poplar using concentrations and exposure frequencies of ozone (O3) that mimic ambient patterns. Young cuttings of Populusdeltoides × nigra were exposed to daily bell-shaped concentration profiles of O3 with four peak concentrations and two exposures per week for 1 to 4 weeks. Exposure to O3 initially stimulated height growth rate, but repeated exposure resulted in decreases in height growth rate. Stem diameter growth rate decreased with increasing O3 concentration. Leaf greenness decreased with repeated expo

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Kennedy, Robert S., Kay M. Stanney, and William P. Dunlap. "Duration and Exposure to Virtual Environments: Sickness Curves During and Across Sessions." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9, no. 5 (2000): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474600566952.

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Although simulator sickness is known to increase with protracted exposure and to diminish with repeated sessions, limited systematic research has been performed in these areas. This study reviewed the few studies with sufficient information available to determine the effect that exposure duration and repeated exposure have on motion sickness. This evaluation confirmed that longer exposures produce more symptoms and that total sickness subsides over repeated exposures. Additional evaluation was performed to investigate the precise form of this relationship and to determine whether the same form

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Adams, Kevin, K. Scott Weber, and Steven M. Johnson. "Exposome and Immunity Training: How Pathogen Exposure Order Influences Innate Immune Cell Lineage Commitment and Function." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228462.

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Immune memory is a defining characteristic of adaptive immunity, but recent work has shown that the activation of innate immunity can also improve responsiveness in subsequent exposures. This has been coined “trained immunity” and diverges with the perception that the innate immune system is primitive, non-specific, and reacts to novel and recurrent antigen exposures similarly. The “exposome” is the cumulative exposures (diet, exercise, environmental exposure, vaccination, genetics, etc.) an individual has experienced and provides a mechanism for the establishment of immune training or immunot

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Amrock, Levana G., Mathew L. Starner, Kathy L. Murphy, and Mark G. Baxter. "Long-term Effects of Single or Multiple Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposures on Rat Hippocampal Ultrastructure." Anesthesiology 122, no. 1 (2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000477.

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Abstract Background: Neonatal exposure to general anesthetics may pose significant neurocognitive risk. Human epidemiological studies demonstrate higher rates of learning disability among children with multiple, but not single, exposures to anesthesia. The authors employ a rat model to provide a histological correlate for these population-based observations. The authors examined long-term differences in hippocampal synaptic density, mitochondrial density, and dendritic spine morphology. Methods: Twenty male rat pups (n = 5/condition) were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane under one of four condition

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Tognola, Gabriella, Emma Chiaramello, Marta Bonato, et al. "Cluster Analysis of Residential Personal Exposure to ELF Magnetic Field in Children: Effect of Environmental Variables." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224363.

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Personal exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF MF) in children is a very timely topic. We applied cluster analysis to 24 h indoor personal exposures of 884 children in France to identify possible common patterns of exposures. We investigated how electric networks near child home and other variables potentially affecting residential exposure, such as indoor sources of ELF MF, the age and type of the residence and family size, characterized the magnetic field exposure patterns. We identified three indoor personal exposure patterns: children living near overhead lines of high (

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Huhn, Sebastian, Beate I. Escher, Martin Krauss, Stefan Scholz, Jörg Hackermüller, and Rolf Altenburger. "Unravelling the chemical exposome in cohort studies: routes explored and steps to become comprehensive." Environmental Sciences Europe 33, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00444-0.

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AbstractEnvironmental factors contribute to the risk for adverse health outcomes against a background of genetic predisposition. Among these factors, chemical exposures may substantially contribute to disease risk and adverse outcomes. In fact, epidemiological cohort studies have established associations between exposure against individual chemicals and adverse health effects. Yet, in daily life individuals are exposed to complex mixtures in varying compositions. To capture the totality of environmental exposures the concept of the exposome has been developed. Here, we undertake an overview of

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Sillé, Fenna. "The exposome – a new approach for risk assessment." ALTEX, June 12, 2020, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410204.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Complementing the human genome with an exposome reflects the increasingly obvious impact of environmental exposure, which far exceeds the role of genetics, on human health. Considering the complexity of exposures and, in addition, the reactions of the body to exposures – i.e., the exposome – reverses classical exposure science where the precise measurement of single or few exposures is associated with specific health or environmental effects. The complete description of an individual's exposome is impossible; even less so is that of a populati

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Sillé, Fenna. "The exposome – a new approach for risk assessment." ALTEX, June 7, 2020, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410204.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Complementing the human genome with an exposome reflects the increasingly obvious impact of environmental exposure, which far exceeds the role of genetics, on human health. Considering the complexity of exposures and, in addition, the reactions of the body to exposures – i.e., the exposome – reverses classical exposure science where the precise measurement of single or few exposures is associated with specific health or environmental effects. The complete description of an individual's exposome is impossible; even less so is that of a populati

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Sillé, Fenna. "The exposome – a new approach for risk assessment." ALTEX, June 19, 2020, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410204.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Complementing the human genome with an exposome reflects the increasingly obvious impact of environmental exposure, which far exceeds the role of genetics, on human health. Considering the complexity of exposures and, in addition, the reactions of the body to exposures – i.e., the exposome – reverses classical exposure science where the precise measurement of single or few exposures is associated with specific health or environmental effects. The complete description of an individual's exposome is impossible; even less so is that of a populati

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Sillé, Fenna. "The exposome – a new approach for risk assessment." ALTEX, June 26, 2020, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410204.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Complementing the human genome with an exposome reflects the increasingly obvious impact of environmental exposure, which far exceeds the role of genetics, on human health. Considering the complexity of exposures and, in addition, the reactions of the body to exposures – i.e., the exposome – reverses classical exposure science where the precise measurement of single or few exposures is associated with specific health or environmental effects. The complete description of an individual's exposome is impossible; even less so is that of a populati

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