Journal articles: 'Expression of grief'

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O’Connor, Mary-Frances, Christian R. Schultze-Florey, Michael R. Irwin, Jesusa M. G. Arevalo, and Steven W. Cole. "Divergent gene expression responses to Complicated Grief and Non-complicated Grief." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 37 (March 2014): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.017.

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Packman, Wendy, Betty J. Carmack, Rachel Katz, France Carlos, Nigel P. Field, and Craig Landers. "Online Survey as Empathic Bridging for the Disenfranchised Grief of Pet Loss." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 4 (December 2014): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.69.4.a.

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The current cross-cultural study investigated grief reactions of bereaved individuals following the death of a pet. We used qualitative methodology to compare, analyze, and report responses of U.S. and French Canadian participants to the last open-ended question on our online pet loss survey. We explored the degree to which our data illustrated pet loss as disenfranchised grief and asked whether there are differences and commonalities in the expression of grief between the two samples. Four major themes emerged: lack of validation and support; intensity of loss; nature of the human pet relationship; and continuing bonds. Findings confirm that, for both the U.S. and French Canadian participants, pet loss is often disenfranchised grief and there are ways to facilitate expressions of grief. Many participants wrote that the survey was therapeutic. Our survey allowed participants to express their grief in an anonymous, safe way by serving as empathic bridging and a willingness to help others.

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Dragut, Adrian. "Grief - The Expression of Romanian Artistic Spirituality." International Journal of Art Design Education 18, no. 2 (May 1999): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5949.00176.

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Koblenz, Jessica. "Growing From Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815576123.

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Currently, there are 2.5 million children in the United States who suffered the loss of a parent. Grieving children are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with their nongrieving peers. Adults ( N = 19) who experienced a loss during childhood were interviewed to assess what was most helpful and most harmful in coping through the years following the death. The qualitative descriptions were coded and analysis of common themes determined. Five theoretical constructs were found: adjustment to catastrophe, support, therapy, continuing a connection with the deceased parent, and reinvestment. The findings have clinical applications for bereaved children, their families, and clinical programs targeting this population. The unique insights provide an emotionally salient expression of their experiences and provide a framework for how best to support this group.

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Costa, Beth M., Lesley Hall, and Jan Stewart. "Qualitative Exploration of the Nature of Grief-Related Beliefs and Expectations." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 55, no. 1 (August 2007): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cl20-02g6-607r-8561.

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Societal expectations of grief impact the experience of bereavement. The congruence of societal expectations with current scientific understanding of grief is unknown. Therefore two qualitative studies explored community perceptions of grief. In study one, three small focus groups ( N = 9) examined grief-related expectations associated with hypothetical scenarios of bereavement. In study two, the impact of grief-related perceptions on the lived experience of bereavement for 11 individuals was explored through semi-structured interviews. Across both studies, elements of a traditional stage model view of grief were evident, with participants viewing emotional expression of grief as important. An avoidant coping style in the bereaved was considered problematic. Findings of study two suggested that grief-related beliefs may impact the bereavement experience via appraisal of the grief response and willingness to support bereaved individuals. The studies suggested that stage model assumptions in the beliefs of the general population persist, although there was a recognition of diversity in the grief response.

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Elder, Jessica, and Laurie A. Burke. "Parental Grief Expression in Online Cancer Support Groups." Illness, Crisis & Loss 23, no. 2 (March 24, 2015): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137315576617.

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Ellis, Richard R., and Lois C. Dick. "When Our Clients Sing their Blues." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 24, no. 4 (June 1992): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jclm-eddx-ular-83w5.

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Some grievers find it helpful to interact with a grief counselor, someone who is effective in aiding the grieving process. Here, we examine the parallels found between the interactions of grievers with their grief counselors and those of musical blues performers with their audiences. There is a traditional musical/lyrical form known as the blues; there are conventional instrumental musical accompaniments within the blues form; and there are accepted interactive behaviors between blues performers and their audiences. Similar conventions and traditions exist in grief counseling. The wellspring of the traditional blues/blues performance and of grief/grief counseling is the human need for expression.

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McKay, Kathy, and Joe Tighe. "Talking through the Dead: The Impact and Interplay of Lived Grief after Suicide." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 68, no. 2 (March 2014): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.68.2.b.

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In the aftermath of suicide, grief becomes a multi-faceted experience. Traditionally, this grief was silenced where the shame attached to suicide invalidated a person's need for expression. Even now, it can be difficult for people to fully articulate their grief, let alone find an empathetic audience. How do we examine this grief to more clearly hear the voices of the bereaved, and to better understand how to support those who are grieving a suicide death? Indeed, the ripple of suicide grief touches more than those traditionally considered to be impacted by the death. Whole communities can be affected and it cannot be presumed that researchers do not have their own lived experiences of suicide bereavement. In this way, the newly-opened discourse around the experience of suicide grief needs to be dissected within more practical and appropriate research. A balance needs to be created in research where the voices of grief can be included but the experiential context understood and respected.

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Funk, Laura M., Sheryl Peters, and Kerstin Stieber Roger. "The Emotional Labor of Personal Grief in Palliative Care: Balancing Caring and Professional Identities." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 14 (September 9, 2017): 2211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732317729139.

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The paid provision of care for dying persons and their families blends commodified emotion work and attachments to two often-conflicting role identities: the caring person and the professional. We explore how health care employees interpret personal grief related to patient death, drawing on interviews with 12 health care aides and 13 nurses. Data were analyzed collaboratively using an interpretively embedded thematic coding approach and constant comparison. Participant accounts of preventing, postponing, suppressing, and coping with grief revealed implicit meanings about the nature of grief and the appropriateness of grief display. Employees often struggled to find the time and space to deal with grief, and faced normative constraints on grief expression at work. Findings illustrate the complex ways health care employees negotiate and maintain both caring and professional identities in the context of cultural and material constraints. Implications of emotional labor for discourse and practice in health care settings are discussed.

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Francis, Linda E., Georgios Kypriotakis, Elizabeth E. O’Toole, Karen F. Bowman, and Julia Hannum Rose. "Grief and Risk of Depression in Context." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 70, no. 4 (March 2015): 351–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815573720.

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We investigated the relationships of grief and depression to cancer caregiving in early bereavement. We began with three expectations: (a) each outcome would reflect different situational predictors, (b) grief would be more directly related to such predictors, and (c) components of grief would relate differently to the caregiving context and depressed mood. We conducted telephone interviews with family caregivers of incurable cancer patients from two hospitals. A total of 199 family caregivers were interviewed at the time of the patient’s diagnosis and reinterviewed 3 months after the patient’s death. Results showed grief severity was predicted by caregiving circumstances, but bereavement depressed mood was largely unrelated to caregiving. Grief was the main predictor of depressed mood and mediated almost all other effects. We conclude that while grief may trigger depression, the dissimilar connection to context means that the two emotional states should not be equated based purely on similarity of expression.

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Myers-Coffman, Katherine, Felicity A. Baker, Brian P. Daly, Robert Palisano, and Joke Bradt. "The Resilience Songwriting Program for Adolescent Bereavement: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study." Journal of Music Therapy 56, no. 4 (2019): 348–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thz011.

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Abstract Music therapy research with youth who are grieving often reports on a combination of interventions, such as lyric analysis, improvisation, and/or songwriting. Unfortunately, the lack of theoretical transparency in how and why these interventions affect targeted outcomes limits interpretation and application of this important research. In this exploratory study, the authors evaluated the impact of an 8-session, theory-driven group songwriting program on protective factors in adolescent bereavement, and also sought to better understand adolescents' experiences of the program. Using a single-group, pretest-posttest convergent mixed methods design, participants were enrolled from three study sites and included 10 adolescents (five girls and five boys), ages 11–17 years, who self-identified as grieving a loss. Outcomes measured included grief, coping, emotional expression, self-esteem, and meaning making. Qualitative data were captured through in-session journaling and semi-structured interviews. There were no statistically significant improvements for grief, self-esteem, coping, and meaning making. Individual score trends suggested improvements in grief. The majority of the participants reported greater inhibition of emotional expression, and this was statistically significant. Thematic findings revealed that the program offered adolescents a sense of togetherness, a way to safely express grief-related emotions and experiences verbally and nonverbally, and opportunities for strengthening music and coping skills. These findings suggest that engaging in collaborative therapeutic songwriting with grieving peers may decrease levels of grief, enhance creative expression, and provide social support. More research is needed on measuring self-esteem, emotional expression, coping, and meaning making outcomes in ways that are meaningful to adolescents.

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Zeeshan, Mahwish, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry, and Shaheer Ellahi Khan. "Unmaking the Anthropology of Mourning in a Psycho Analytical Perspective." Global Regional Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).13.

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Death often raises questions that science is unable to answer. Science may delay death, but it cannot stop it. Death is marked by grief and mourning. Mourning serves in a smooth transition, such as a liminal ritual of grief serves as a rite de passage between loss and re-enactment to the routine life. Generally, mourning or grief is described as a very private, personal emotion which is characterized by social withdrawal and shutting oneself off from the world. However, mourning also serves as an overt and public expression of grief whereby it serves as an identity marker to a community. The paper attempts to present a cross-cultural account of mourning and presents a psychoanalytical perspective of mourning with special emphasis on azaadari. The study presents an ethno theory on grief and reflections of mourning from a cross-cultural perspective.

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Valentine, Christine, and Tony Walter. "Creative Responses to a Drug- or Alcohol-Related Death." Illness, Crisis & Loss 23, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137315590733.

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This article takes a sociocultural approach to examining creative responses to a traumatic death and loss and their contribution to further understanding of grief, identity, and continuing bonds. Based on qualitative interviews with family members bereaved after a drug- or alcohol-related death, the article explores how, in circumstances which threaten identity and continuity of being, grief may find expression through public and private creativity. Indeed, such creativity was apparent despite negative cultural representations of such deaths invalidating the grief of those left behind, who may suffer profound guilt, isolation, and disturbing memories. While interviewees reported such negative effects, psychologically considered symptomatic of complicated grief disorder, they also conveyed creative responses to negative stereotypes, rebuilding identities, and continuing bonds. These responses, through which interviewees communicated both vulnerability and resilience, revealed a complex and nuanced picture of grief following traumatic loss.

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Cupit, Illene Noppe, Paolo Sapelli, and Ines Testoni. "Grief Iconography between Italians and Americans: A Comparative Study on How Mourning Is Visually Expressed on Social Media." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11070104.

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As an innovative way to express grief, social media posts about the deceased have become fairly common. However, few studies have examined commonly posted grief photos. The purpose of the present study was to examine such pictures, as well as the motivations and reactions of those who posted them, among Italians and Americans. Surveys were sent to both Italian and US participants. The US group yielded 262 responses (mean age = 22 years; 81% female), and the Italian group yielded 51 (mean age = 32 years; 82% female). Several key issues emerged, such as the need for social media users to receive empathic support from other users, the desire to maintain continuing bonds, the wish to remember the deceased, and the desire to share beauty and symbolic pictures. The images were analyzed using content analysis. Both samples posted photos to remember, and to enhance their posts. A strong preference for pictures with a positive emotional connotation appeared, depicting the deceased in a conjoint appearance with the participant. The results suggest that the imagery used for the expression of grief in social media sites, an “iconography of grief”, is a popular means of expression for grievers across the two cultures.

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Wong, IpKin Anthony, Shuyi Lin, Lixin Lin, and Ruobing Liao. "Triple grief cycle of cancelled events: the emotional crisis aftermath." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 7 (May 17, 2021): 2314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2020-0953.

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Purpose The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic response is not only devastating nations and economies across the globe but it is also severely disrupting the event industry, with government and health authorities forcing many events to be postponed or cancelled. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prospective attendees’ emotional responses to cancelled events. This study draws upon grief cycle theory to articulate different layers of the grief process in the event domain of inquiry. Design/methodology/approach The National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball tournament was selected as the research context. Taking user-generated messages from Twitter, this study first performed content analysis to organize lexical patterns into categories and higher-order themes based on the grief cycle. It also performed social network analyses using UCINET to illustrate how different grief phases are inter-related. Findings Results not only point to attendees’ self-expression manifested through a continuum of denial, anger, bargaining and acceptance but they also reveal a three-layer hierarchy of grief, namely, event-related, socio-politics-related and crisis-related. The network analysis further illustrates how grief phases are tied into a complex network of grief messages. Originality/value This study advances the event literature by improving knowledge about attendees’ emotional responses to cancelled events. It increases our understanding of the grieving process in the aftermath of COVID-19. The proposed triple grief cycle helps advance the literature by showcasing how voices from prospective attendees represent three pillars of grief hierarchy. The findings also underscore the emotional crisis of the COVID-19 aftermath.

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Strongman, Luke. "‘The White Rose of Yorkshire’: Public Relations, Condolences and Grief Expression." Studies in Media and Communication 5, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v5i2.2544.

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In public relations, there is always unpredictability. It is part of a public relations strategists’ role to assess potential areas of crisis, to monitor the corporate mediascape for unpredictable events and to mitigate uncertainty for their clients be they organisations or individuals. But such public relations exercises are made more complex and unpredictable by the emotions experienced in public grieving. No recent commemoration has been so shocking and grief inspiring as that for British Labour Politician Member of Parliament for Batley and Spen in Yorkshire, Ms. Jo Cox who was shot and stabbed to death outside of her ‘constituency surgery’ in Birstall, West Yorkshire on June 16th, 2016. On her sudden and untimely death a nation and a Commonwealth ‘erupted’ into an expression of mourning, with some commentaries describing Ms. Cox as the ‘white rose of Yorkshire’ in a transient image, ephemeral pure and emblematic of their personal and public grief. As an MP who supported liberal causes, Ms Cox’s untimely death was also a political event. It occurred exactly at that moment of juncture when the ‘leave’ and ‘remain’ factions of the BREXIT campaign were focusing their vitriolic fervor, all the more poignant as she died espousing the liberal cause that was defeated in the first Referendum held on June 23rd, 2016. In discussing the relationship between personal and private grief, this article will focus on the eulogies for Ms Cox and the condolence message phenomenon, primarily as a mediated organisational ‘operation’.

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Fierke, K. M. "Whereof we can speak, thereof we must not be silent: trauma, political solipsism and war." Review of International Studies 30, no. 4 (September 29, 2004): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210504006187.

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In cases such as World War I grief or trauma were nearly universal in the European context and a direct consequence of a political experience of war. This article asks whether widespread social suffering may have a social and political expression that is larger than the sum of traumatised or bereaved individuals. Section 1 explores Martha Nussbaum's theory of emotion, particularly as it relates to grief and compassion and uses this to build two contrasting typologies of grief and trauma. Central to this contrast is the idea that grief, as an emotion, is embedded in a community, while trauma and emotional numbing correspond with a breakdown of community and an isolation, which may give rise to solipsism. The latter would appear to make any notion of social trauma a contradiction in terms. Section 2 draws on the philosopher Wittgenstein's critique in the Philosophical Investigations of his early work in the Tractatus, to argue that even the solipsist exists in a particular kind of social world. This provides a foundation for arguing, in Section 3, that social trauma can find expression in a political solipsism, which has dangerous consequences. Section 4 theorises the relationship between trauma, identity and agency at the international level.

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Jiménez-Alonso, Belén, and Ignacio Brescó De Luna. "Narratives of Loss: Exploring Grief through Photography." Qualitative Studies 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/qs.v6i1.124433.

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Grief is not an exclusively private and intrapsychic phenomenon but a dynamic process whereby the bereaved negotiates the meaning of the loss in a way that may challenge his/her personal self-narrative. Drawing on a social constructionist model of grief, this paper features a case study where we analyse narratives of mourning elicited through a personal photographic project. The visual-based narrative methodology used in our study (photo-production) not only allows for multi-modal forms of expression and communication in the study of grief, but it also serves as an aid for individuals to scaffold further meaning-making processes which cannot be conveyed through narrative alone. The paper concludes with an invitation to reflect on the use of photography as both a possible methodological tool to explore narratives of grief and a therapeutic tool for the construction of meanings and continuing bonds with the deceased.

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Das, Manoja Kumar, Narendra Kumar Arora, Harsha Gaikwad, Harish Chellani, Pradeep Debata, Reeta Rasaily, K. R. Meena, et al. "Grief reaction and psychosocial impacts of child death and stillbirth on bereaved North Indian parents: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): e0240270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240270.

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Background Grief following stillbirth and child death are one of the most traumatic experience for parents with psychosomatic, social and economic impacts. The grief profile, severity and its impacts in Indian context are not well documented. This study documented the grief and coping experiences of the Indian parents following stillbirth and child death. Methods This exploratory qualitative study in Delhi (India) included in-depth interviews with parents (50 mothers and 49 fathers), who had stillbirth or child death, their family members (n = 41) and community representatives (n = 12). Eight focus group discussions were done with community members (n = 72). Inductive data analysis included thematic content analysis. Perinatal Grief Scale was used to document the mother’s grief severity after 6–9 months of loss. Results The four themes emerged were grief anticipation and expression, impact of the bereavement, coping mechanism, and sociocultural norms and practices. The parents suffered from disbelief, severe pain and helplessness. Mothers expressed severe grief openly and some fainted. Fathers also had severe grief, but didn’t express openly. Some parents shared self-guilt and blamed the hospital/healthcare providers, themselves or family. Majority had no/positive change in couple relationship, but few faced marital disharmony. Majority experienced sleep, eating and psychological disturbances for several weeks. Mothers coped through engaging in household work, caring other child(ren) and spiritual activities. Fathers coped through avoiding discussion and work and professional engagement. Fathers resumed work after 5–20 days and mothers took 2–6 weeks to resume household chores. Unanticipated loss, limited family support and financial strain affected the severity and duration of grief. 57.5% of all mothers and 80% mothers with stillbirth had severe grief after 6–9 months. Conclusions Stillbirth and child death have lasting psychosomatic, social and economic impacts on parents, which are usually ignored. Sociocultural and religion appropriate bereavement support for the parents are needed to reduce the impacts.

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Schultze-Florey, C. R., M. O’Connor, M. R. Irwin, and S. W. Cole. "146. Does gene regulation make it complicated? Differences in gene expression responses to Complicated Grief and Non-Complicated Grief." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 32 (September 2013): e42-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.158.

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Gamba, Fiorenza. "Coping With Loss: Mapping Digital Rituals for the Expression of Grief." Health Communication 33, no. 1 (November 29, 2016): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1242038.

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Harris, Darcy. "Oppression of the Bereaved: A Critical Analysis of Grief in Western Society." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 60, no. 3 (May 2010): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.60.3.c.

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Bereaved individuals often experience profound social pressure to conform to societal norms that constrict the experience of grief rather than support it. This article explores grief in Western society1 through an analysis of the underlying structures and values that are a part of this social system, utilizing the lens of critical theory. Critical theory examines social norms and conditions in order to identify and expose oppression in various contexts. This article examines the social rules that govern the expression of grief, the role of attachment, social pain, and shame as potent forces that promote compliance with social rules, and the ways that the underlying assumptions and values in Western society shape how bereaved individuals are expected to react. Implications for clinicians who work with terminally ill or bereaved individuals are then reviewed.

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Zhegallo, A. V. "Recognition of peripherally exposed emotional expressions." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 11, no. 2 (2018): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2018110202.

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The study investigates the specifics of recognition of emotional facial expressions in peripherally exposed facial expressions, while exposition time was shorter compared to the duration of the latent period of a saccade towards the exposed image. The study showed that recognition of peripherical perception reproduces the patterns of the choice of the incorrect responses. The mutual mistaken recognition is common for the facial expressions of a fear, anger and surprise. In the case of worsening of the conditions of recognition, calmness and grief as facial expression were included in the complex of a mutually mistakenly identified expressions. The identification of the expression of happiness deserves a special attention, because it can be mistakenly identified as different facial expression, but other expressions are never recognized as happiness. Individual accuracy of recognition varies from 0.29 to 0.80. The sufficient condition of a high accuracy in recognition was the recognition of the facial expressions using peripherical vision without making a saccade in the direction of the face image exposed.

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Cox, Gerry R. "Using Humor, Art, and Music with Dying and Bereaved Children." Illness, Crisis & Loss 6, no. 4 (October 1998): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il6.4.d.

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This article discusses using humor, art, and music with dying and bereaved children. All forms of artistic expression may be used to provide social support for children, to foster positive attitudes, and to allow for expression of emotions and grief. Children often lack verbal skills. Artistic expression allows the expression of thoughts and feelings in a safe environment. Many forms of artistic expression are available. Humor, art, and music are used as examples of what might be used to aid children.

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Strong, Jessica V., and Benjamin T. Mast. "The Impact of Depression on the Expression of Caregiver Burden and Grief." Clinical Gerontologist 36, no. 5 (October 2013): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2013.816816.

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Lynes, David, and Angela Sitoe. "Disenfranchised grief: the emotional impact experienced by foster carers on the cessation of a placement." Adoption & Fostering 43, no. 1 (March 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575918823433.

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This study uses a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of 22 UK foster carers when a child is ‘moved on’ from a placement, focusing specifically on their experiences of loss. In most cases participants report loving the child as their own and describe their surprise at the profundity of their feelings of loss and grief when living through the child’s departure. These emotions can be fruitfully perceived as ‘disenfranchised grief’ in that its severity was unexpected and was not recognised as legitimate by the carers’ social group or professionals working with them. As a result, their loss was neither perceived as legitimate nor given a vehicle for expression. In some cases, participants report that the experience changed their approach to caring for children and even resulted in them ceasing to foster. The implications for practice include preparing foster carers to expect a grief response when their children move on, to recognise that this might be disenfranchised and to enhance peer and professional support during that process.

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Smith, Kirsten V., Jennifer Wild, and Anke Ehlers. "The Masking of Mourning: Social Disconnection After Bereavement and Its Role in Psychological Distress." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (May 2020): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620902748.

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Social support has been shown to facilitate adaptation after bereavement in some studies but not others. A felt sense of social disconnection may act as a barrier to the utilization of social support, perhaps explaining these discrepancies. Factorial and psychometric validity of the Oxford Grief-Social Disconnection Scale (OG-SD) was tested in a bereaved sample ( N = 676). A three-factor solution (negative interpretation of others’ reactions to grief expression, altered social self, and safety in solitude) fit the data best and demonstrated excellent psychometric validity. A second three-wave longitudinal sample ( N = 275) recruited 0 to 6 months following loss and followed up 6 and 12 months later completed measures of prolonged grief disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and the OG-SD at each time point. High levels of baseline social disconnection were associated with concurrently high psychological distress. The extent to which social disconnection declined over time predicted resolution of psychological distress.

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Baker, Helen E. "Music and Color in the Holistic Healing of Grief." Journal of Holistic Nursing 9, no. 3 (December 1991): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089801019100900308.

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Abstract: The concept of integrating music and color techniques into counseling of the bereaved person is introduced. A brief summary of the nature of physical vibrations in the form of music and color is presented and the process of grieving is summarized. Blocks along the expected grief resolution pathway are delineated. The relationship of blocked emotions to imcomplete grieving is explained and the use of music and color to enhance the expression of feelings is introduced. Specific examples of how sound in the form of music and light in the form of color, can be used as a vehicle for enhancing and condensing the grief process are set forth.

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McCann, Ben. "'On ne sait pas grand-chose de nos enfants': Grief and Mourning in Guillaume Nicloux's Valley of Love (2015)." Irish Journal of French Studies 19, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7173/164913319827945710.

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In Guillaume Nicloux's 2015 film Valley of Love, two famous actors who used to be a couple, played by Isabelle Huppert and Gérard Depardieu, reunite after their son's recent suicide. They have received a posthumous letter from him, asking them to visit five places at Death Valley in California, after which, on a certain day, he will 'appear' to them. Valley of Love offers both a realist representation of two grieving parents and an incursion into the supernatural (has the son 'come back'? how will he 'appear' to his parents?).<br/> Valley of Love borrows from Colin Parkes's phase theory (1972, 1983) of how the bereaved return to feelings of safety and security as they resolve their grief. Parkes argues that the bereaved must progress through four overlapping phases of grief. In the first phase, individuals have difficulty grasping that the death has occurred. In the second phase, they seek out the deceased, trying to bring them back into close proximity to relieve their feelings of separation anxiety. In the third phase, the individual becomes confused, has trouble focusing, and becomes dejected. It is in the fourth phase that the individual realises that life can continue without the deceased and begins to rebuild life without them.<br/> This article will survey how grief and mourning are articulated and resolved in Valley of Love through close readings of the film and Parkes's writing on bereavement, grief and the phases of mourning. We shall also explore the film's various visual and aural manifestations of grief, and demonstrate how the Death Valley setting becomes an ideal site for the expression of mourning as the parents negotiate the pain and grief surrounding their child's death.

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KALMAN, HILDUR. "Feelings of Loss and Grieving: Selves between Autonomy and Dependence." PhaenEx 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v7i2.3562.

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A recurrent theme in contemporary narratives of grieving is that there is a gap between the griever’s more or less consciously chosen expression of, and acting out of, grief and loss and other people’s seeming lack of acceptance. Starting from the view that the social context of feelings and emotions are constitutive in making an emotional experience what it is, this article explores what is done and experienced in acts of grief. A phenomenological perspective is applied to analyze the conditioning of these experiences, and what the acts of grieving may accomplish in relation to various aspects of the self, indeed selves—that is, in relation to the surviving relative as well as the deceased.

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Bonell-Pascual, Enrique, Sarah Huline-Dickens, Sheila Hollins, Alexander Esterhuyzen, Philip Sedgwick, Adam Abdelnoor, and Jane Hubert. "Bereavement and grief in adults with learning disabilities." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 4 (October 1999): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.4.348.

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BackgroundThis paper reports on the follow-up of a cohort of parentally bereaved adults with learning disabilities.AimsTo investigate whether significant psychopathology, present up to 2.1 years after the death, had resolved five years later.MethodOf an original sample of 50 adults with learning disabilities, 41 were reassessed. The Aberrant Behaviour Checklist and the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults were re-administered to carers.ResultsAt follow-up, there was a small increase in the measures of aberrant behaviour. Measures of psychopathology showed improvement, and in particular there was a reduction in anxiety.ConclusionsThe response to bereavement by adults with learning disabilities is similar in type, though not in expression, to that of the general population. Learning disability is a significant predictor of mental health problems following bereavement. Participants adapted more easily when basic emotional needs had been constructively met by carers.

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Olson, Michelle. "Honoring Choice in Grief Through Expressive Arts With Long-Term Care Residents." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2348.

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Abstract Death in long-term residential care homes is a common occurrence, yet it is often taboo and strongly avoided. Staff and residents often express deep connections to one another in these settings, but when death occurs, there is often little to no support, training or space to share these feelings. This session will discuss the findings of Dr. Olson’s multicase, arts-based research from the elder voices of those who face these losses. Perceptions such as disenfranchised grief and ageism were revealed in this study as well as positive expressions such as love, kindness and acceptance. The shared findings will include poetry and artwork that was created within this research study. Utilizing the creative arts can assist in the expression of these complex and abstract human emotions, instill a sense of comfort and community and empower honor these lives and friendships.

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Sabak, James G. "“Keeping Vigil” and the Response of a Believer to Grief and Suffering." Horizons 44, no. 2 (November 7, 2017): 342–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2017.114.

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The phenomenon of organizing a civic candlelight vigil in the face of violence and tragedy, while striking and powerful in addressing the moment, can be also religiously ambiguous in some circumstances, and insufficiently therapeutic in others. Keeping vigil in the Christian tradition is markedly different from its contemporary expressions. This article explores and evaluates—through the use of contemporary examples and the psychological and ritual analyses of Gotthard Booth and Victor Turner—the purpose and goals of vigils held in the public square with the nature and impact of keeping vigil in the Christian tradition, especially as celebrated in the Easter Vigil. This expository and diagnostic study suggests that a full expression of keeping vigil serves as an articulation of how believers are challenged to confront pain and suffering with a more profound theological and liturgical response that stands in stark contrast to contemporary cultural and social mechanisms.

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Varvantakis, Christos. "Mourning Deaths, Lamenting Lives: Grief and Transformation in Inner Maniot Laments." Paragrana 20, no. 2 (December 2011): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/para.2011.0040.

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AbstractThe funeral laments (moiroloya) of Inner Mani, a region in southern Peloponnese, are the focus of this article, in particular the gestural and transformative aspects of their liminal character. A specific case of a wake (klama) is discussed and analyzed in order to provide insight into the particular process of lamenting. Some general characteristics of lamenting in the region are reviewed and some of the basic assumptions of anthropologists concerning the role of emotional expression in death rituals are considered. Lastly, by focusing on an excerpt from a lament that was sung in the wake session under question, the article points to the gestural, mimetic and transformative qualities of the emotional performance of lamenting, suggesting thus an alternative reading of the expression of grief within the course of death ritual.

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Shorter, Edward. "Darwin's contribution to psychiatry." British Journal of Psychiatry 195, no. 6 (December 2009): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.072116.

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SummaryThis November we celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Origin of Species, a landmark in the history of biology. Yet Darwin's chief contribution to psychiatry appears in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), where he describes ‘the grief muscles’, later identified as a sign of melancholic illness.

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Cheifetz, Philip N., George Stavrakakis, and Eva P. Lester. "Studies of the Affective State in Bereaved Children*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 7 (October 1989): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400711.

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The process of bereavement in children ranges from the absence of grief to symptoms of anxiety and conduct disturbances. Some psychoanalytic opinion holds that the absence of grief, associated with lack of cognitive maturity, leads to the development of psychopathology later in life. Other writers describe a mourning response, taking the form of ambivalence, anxiety, and care giving, which may protect against subsequent depression. This paper describes the affective response in 16 children ages four to 17 years, two to three years following the death of a parent, in order to further characterize developmental aspects of the emotional repertoire of bereavement. Only children aged 12 and over were depressed according to the Poznansky Children's Depression Rating Scale and criteria in the DSM-III. Conduct disturbances were observed in the younger children and some of the older children and were correlated with depression in the group as a whole. This suggests that the expression of depressive affect depends on maturation and that the young child may register grief only through anxiety and negativism. Examples of this spectrum of responses are offered in two case vignettes.

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Haas, Bruno, Philipp Schorch, and Michael Mel. "Interpreting a Tatanua Mask." Museum Worlds 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2019.070110.

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This article introduces the art historical method of functional deixis into the study of material culture in anthropology. Functional deixis begins with a thorough empirical description of communicative effects—visual and embodied—produced by a material thing on the beholder. It then proceeds by tending to a kind of formalisation that enables us, on the one hand, to sharpen our intuitive reaction to the thing and, on the other, to obtain detailed knowledge about the ways material things produce significance. Here, the method is applied to a tatanua mask originating from present-day Papua New Guinea and currently housed at the Grassi Museum für Völkerkunde in Leipzig, Germany. Based on a thick description, we propose an in-depth interpretation of the mask as a complex response to a fundamental injury, articulating a symbolic expression of grief (left side) with an iconic expression overcoming grief (right side) after a passage through a real word expressed through the front of the mask. In doing so, the article offers a tool to study with rather than a text to read off.

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Cordell, Antoinette S., and Nancy Thomas. "Perinatal Loss: Intensity and Duration of Emotional Recovery." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 35, no. 3 (November 1997): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dbc8-cpvr-k5ax-v79x.

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This article seeks to expand our concept of the intense grief process that parents endure in suffering the loss of a baby. It is based on our experience of eighteen years in counseling bereaved parents in our perinatal support group program at Children's Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio. There are unique characteristics of parental grief that are not accounted for in our theories to date. Full emotional expression has been emphasized as helpful although it has been recognized in recent research findings that it may not be necessary for all individuals. Here we address how to conceptualize the continuous alternation of denial and acceptance as parents grieve and the lack of definitive resolution. We apply Berenson's Map of Emotions to this issue in developing a working clinical model of the mourning process.

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Rapone, Anna Maria, and Trasarti Wilma Sponti. "Appartenenza e separazione nelle terapie del lutto: da un tempo bloccato alla presenza di un'assenza." RIVISTA DI PSICOTERAPIA RELAZIONALE, no. 28 (December 2009): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pr2008-028001.

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- Rituals, of past century culture, allowed grieving to be socially expressed, thus facilitating its condivision and elaboration. Now day culture, in occidental urban context, often leaves in a private space, psychotherapy, the expression of it. The authors, from their personal experience of psychotherapists and teachers, individuate in block of time and in a blocking of grieving a possible source of psychopathology. Aim of this article is to offer a few points of reflection on the theme of grieving for a wider understanding and utilization of it. Then they suggest the concept of loyalty, resilience, together with the concept of pacing, to accept death and loss in an isomorphic possibility of individuation and personal resources utilization. The elaboration of grief can then evolve in a nurturing way. Case reports illustrate their experience on grief elaboration.

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Weller-Passman, Ruth, Mackenzie Fluharty, and Ashley Starling. "Ghosts of Loss." Digital Literature Review 1 (January 6, 2014): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.1.0.186-198.

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This critical edition presents Christina Rossetti’s ghostly poetry, analyzing its overall cultural impact and influence. In addition to her poetry, we have included contextual documents pertaining to mourning, widowhood, and poetic expression. As a whole, this edition gives insight into how and why poetry canbe an appropriate method for women to express grief in the Victorian era.

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Schiefenhövel, Wulf. "Perception, Expression, and Social Function of Pain: A Human Ethological View." Science in Context 8, no. 1 (1995): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001885.

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The ArgumentPain has important biomedical socioanthropological, semiotic, and other facets. In this contribution pain and the experssion of pain are looked at from the perspective of evolutionary biology, utilizing, among others, cross-cultural data from field work in Melanesia.No other being cares for sick and suffering conspecifics in the way humans do. Notwithstanding aggression and neglect, common in all cultures, human societies can be characterized as empathic, comforting, and promoting the health and well-being of their members. One important stimulus triggering this caring response in others is the expression of pain. The nonverbal channel of communication, particularly certain universal — i.e., culture-independent facial expressions, gestures, and body postures, convey much of the message from the painstricken person to the group.These behaviors signal the person's physical and psychical pain, sadness, grief, and despair in ways very similar to the signs given by infants and small children: the body loses tonus and sinks or drops to the ground, the gestures are those of helplessness. Pain and grief may be so strong that control is lost not only over the body's posture but also over the mind's awareness. In such cases the afflicted person may carry out actions endangering himself or others. In general, these behavior patterns resemble those of infants in situations of distress and danger, and it is not surprising that the response of the members of the group is basically parental: taking care, assisting and consoling.Perceptive and behavioral patterns which developed in the course of avian and mammalian phylogeny to serve the well-being of the young have proven, as was shown by Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1989), to be powerful building blocks for actions in other spheres of human interaction. Love is one such field, the reactions to a conspecific suffering pain is another.

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Kim, Hyunchul. "Making Relations, Managing Grief: The Expression and Control of Emotions in Japanese Death Rituals." Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2014.985605.

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Shulla, Rachel M., and Russell B. Toomey. "Sex differences in behavioral and psychological expression of grief during adolescence: A meta-analysis." Journal of Adolescence 65 (June 2018): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.04.001.

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Long, Thomas G. "The Christian Funeral as Counter Witness." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 75, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00209643211003751.

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The proliferation of unconventional death practices in North America, however innovative, is in part an expression of societal confusion about the nature of death and grief. If the church can recover the theological and liturgical fabric of funerals, reclaiming their main purpose as public confession rather than private pastoral care, Christian funerals can serve as a hopeful counter-witness to an uncertain culture.

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Johnson, Anne W. "La labor afectiva del duelo: ofrendas, pérdidas y desapariciones en Guerrero." Investigación Teatral. Revista de artes escénicas y performatividad 9, no. 13 (April 27, 2018): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/it.v9i13.2557.

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En este ensayo intento dar pistas para comprender la labor afectiva del duelo en dos contextos. Primero, retomo la construcción de las “ofrendas nuevas” en Teloloapan, Guerrero, como una expresión de luto y manera de manejar la pérdida de un ser querido. A continuación volteo la mirada a la emergencia del movimiento social alrededor de la desaparición forzada de cuarenta y tres normalistas en Iguala, Guerrero, expresión de una violencia en la cual está implicado el Estado mexicano y que, a la vez que enmarca la acción política en la experiencia de dolor y pérdida, demuestra los límites del proceso de duelo. El análisis de ambos casos me permite reflexionar sobre el duelo como una labor afectiva que, en distintas situaciones, produce distintos efectos culturales, psicológicos, sociales y políticos.The affective labor of grieving: ofrendas, loss and disappearance in Guerrero, MexicoAbstractIn this essay, I try to understand the affective labor of grief in two contexts. First, I take up the construction of the “ofrendas nuevas” in Teloloapan, Guerrero as an expression of mourning and a means of managing the loss of a loved one. I then turn to the emergence of the social movement that has grown up around the forced disappearance of 43 teacher-training students in Iguala, Guerrero, an expression of state-complicit violence that demonstrates the limits of the grief process, as it simultaneously frames political action in the experience of pain and loss. The analysis of both cases allows me to reflect on grief as affective labor that produces distinct cultural, psychological, social and political effects.Recibido: 14 de septiembre de 2017Aceptado: 31 de enero de 2018

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Aberbach, David. "Mystical Union and Grief: The Ba‘al Shem Tov and Krishnamurti." Harvard Theological Review 86, no. 3 (July 1993): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000031254.

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The idea of mystical union with God or a higher being is universal in theological systems, although it may take many forms, metaphorical and moral as well as metaphysical. In Hinduism this concept is expressed in the sayingTat twam asi(“This is thou”); a human being, by finding his or her true immortal self (atman), becomes united with Brahman and, in so doing, achievesnirvana. In Buddhism, similarly, humans must strive to recognize the unity of all within the eternal Buddha, thedharmakaya, the absolute truth or reality that transcends human perception. Jewish mysticism teachesdevekut, commonly translated as adhesion, cleaving, or union with God. Christian mysticism refers to Jesus' words “Abide in me and I in you” (John 15:4) as pertaining to divine union, which has its concrete expression in baptism and the Eucharist. Even Islam, which insists on the absolute transcendence of God, has developed the mystical doctrine oftawhid(“union”).

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Standing, Oliver, Jo Dickie, and Lorna Templeton. "Developing Peer Support for Adults Bereaved Through Substance Use." Illness, Crisis & Loss 27, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137318780573.

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The impacts of a bereavement through substance use are many and profound and include guilt, loneliness, stigma, and mixed responses from professionals and others. It seems that those who are bereaved in this way have a particular and unique experience of grief, which many feel is disenfranchised. Support needs to be credible as well as effective, yet up until now little specialist help has been available. In particular, help from a peer who has been there brings authenticity, can lead to the sense of a safe space where those bereaved feel listened to in an empathic manner, and permit the expression of grief which is often disenfranchised. The article is structured around the experiences of someone bereaved through alcohol use who went on to volunteer for a peer support project. Her powerful testimony articulates the wider findings of two recent United Kingdom projects (one includes the peer support project) conducted by the authors.

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SPIRI, GRIJDA. "Women’s Role in Preserving Lament Songs in the Villages of Gjirokastër, Albania." Yearbook for Traditional Music 52 (October 30, 2020): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ytm.2020.6.

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Abstract“Vajtim,” mourning, is an expression of women’s grief and cannot be counted in months or years: it is a continued expression of the inner world that for many women can take decades. In this paper, I examine how women have carried and preserved the lament songs of the Southern Albania region from generation to generation. Field research in my hometown, Gjirokastër, reveals how the laments songs are connected from mother to daughter within the families. Using descriptions of lamenting rituals, personal interviews with mourners, and analysis of lyrics and field recordings, I demonstrate how women continue this tradition through generations.

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Swensen, Clifford H., and Steffen R. Fuller. "Expression of Love, Marriage Problems, Commitment, and Anticipatory Grief in the Marriages of Cancer Patients." Journal of Marriage and the Family 54, no. 1 (February 1992): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353286.

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Mystakidou, Kyriaki, Eleni Tsilika, Efi Parpa, Emmanuela Katsouda, and Lambros Vlahos. "A Greek perspective on concepts of death and expression of grief, with implications for practice." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 9, no. 12 (December 2003): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2003.9.12.11989.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Expression of grief'

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