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1
D'Autrechy, C. Lynne. Autoplan: A self-processing network model for an extended blocks world planning environment. College Park, Md: University of Maryland, 1990.
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2
A, Reggia James, McFadden Francis M, University of Maryland at College Park., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and National Science Foundation (U.S.), eds. Autoplan: A self-processing network model for an extended blocks world planning environment. College Park, Md: University of Maryland, 1990.
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3
D'Autrechy, C. Lynne. Autoplan: A self-processing network model for an extended blocks world planning environment. College Park, Md: University of Maryland, 1990.
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4
Dubanov, Aleksandr. Computer simulation in pursuit problems. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02102-6.
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Currently, computer simulation in virtual reality systems has a special status. In order for a computer model to meet the requirements of the tasks it models, it is necessary that the mathematical apparatus correctly describe the simulated phenomena.
In this monograph, the simulation of pursuit problems is carried out. An adaptive modeling of the behavior of both pursuers and targets is carried out. An iterative calculation of the trajectories of the participants in the pursuit problem is carried out.
The main attention is paid to the methods of pursuit and parallel rendezvous. These methods are taken as the basis of the study and are modified in the future.
The scientific novelty of the study is the iterative calculation of the trajectories of the participants in the pursuit task when moving at a constant speed, while following the predicted trajectories.
The predicted trajectories form a one-parameter network of continuous lines of the first order of smoothness. The predicted trajectories are calculated taking into account the restrictions on the curvature of the participant in the pursuit problem.
The fact of restrictions on curvature can be interpreted as restrictions on the angular frequency of rotation of the object of the pursuit problem.
Also, the novelty is the calculation of the iterative process of group pursuit of multiple targets, when targets are hit simultaneously or at specified intervals. The calculation of the parameters of the network of predicted trajectories is carried out with a curvature variation in order to achieve the desired temporal effect.
The work also simulates the adaptive behavior of the pursuer and the target. The principle of behavior can be expressed on the example of a pursuer with a simple phrase: "You go to the left - I go to the left." This happens at each iteration step in terms of choosing the direction of rotation. For the purpose, the principle of adaptive behavior is expressed by the phrase: "You go to the left - I go to the right."
The studies, algorithms and models presented in the monograph can be in demand in the design of autonomously controlled unmanned aerial vehicles with elements of artificial intelligence.
The task models in the monograph are supplemented with many animated images, where you can see the research process.
Also, the tasks have an implementation in a computer mathematics system and can be transferred to virtual reality systems if necessary.
5
Chang, Si-En. Extended restricted and-parallelism execution model and abstract machine for logic programming. 1990.
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6
Fant, Karl M. Computer Science Reconsidered: The Invocation Model of Process Expression. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.
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7
Burrows, Jared, and Clyde G. Reed. Free Improvisation as a Path-Dependent Process. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.018.
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Freely improvised music lacks commonly used mechanisms (e.g., scores, conductors, shared performance practices) that serve to coordinate choices across performers in other musical genres. This chapter analyses problems and solutions of musical coordination in free improvisation through the lens of “path dependence,” an analytic framework used in economics to model situations in which agents perceive a high pay-off to coordinating market choices. Key results in the path-dependence literature are the likelihood of multiple equilibria and “lock-in” to inferior outcomes. The interpersonal skills identified as critical for coordination in free improvisation closely parallel the skills that have been identified by social scientists as essential for high-functioning group behavior in non-musical pursuits. This suggests a pedagogical role for improvisation in enhancing economic and personal well-being with regard to human capital formation and happiness.
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Mundy, Peter. A Neural Networks, Information-Processing Model of Joint Attention and Social-Cognitive Development. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0010.
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A neural networks approach to the development of joint attention can inform the study of the nature of human social cognition, learning, and symbolic thought process. Joint attention development involves increments in the capacity to engage in simultaneous or parallel processing of information about one’s own attention and the attention of other people. Infant practice with joint attention is both a consequence and an organizer of a distributed and integrated brain network involving frontal and parietal cortical systems. In this chapter I discuss two hypotheses that stem from this model. One is that activation of this distributed network during coordinated attention enhances the depth of information processing and encoding beginning in the first year of life. I also propose that with development joint attention becomes internalized as the capacity to socially coordinate mental attention to internal representations. As this occurs the executive joint attention network makes vital contributions to the development of human social cognition and symbolic thinking.
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Bratman, Michael E. A Planning Agent’s Self-Governance Over Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0011.
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This essay develops a model of a planning agent’s self-governance over time. Such diachronic self-governance involves planned temporally extended activity, synchronic self-governance at times along the way, appropriate cross-temporal interconnections across relevant attitudes along the way, and standpoints that involve an end of one’s diachronic self-governance. This end helps support coordination between relevant synchronic self-governance and relevant cross-temporal continuities in plan. The explanation of the relevant cross-temporal interconnections appeals to a parallel between a single planning agent’s self-governance over time and several planning agents acting together in shared intentional ways: in such self-governance one is, so to speak, “acting together” with oneself over time. Finally, the relevant planned temporally extended activity implicitly specifies a temporal footprint within which anticipated future regret can play a role in determining whether there is diachronic self-governance. This helps explain why drinking the toxin in Kavka’s puzzle will normally not be a case of diachronic self-governance.
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Mi, Chienkuo, and Shane Ryan. Reflective Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769811.003.0010.
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In this paper, we defend the claim that reflective knowledge is necessary for extended knowledge. We begin by examining a recent account of extended knowledge provided by Palermos and Pritchard (2013). We note a weakness with that account and a challenge facing theorists of extended knowledge. The challenge that we identify is to articulate the extended cognition condition necessary for extended knowledge in such a way as to avoid counterexample from the revamped Careless Math Student and Truetemp cases. We consider but reject Pritchard’s (2012b) epistemological disjunctivism as providing a model for doing so. Instead, we set out an account of reflection informed by Confucianism and dual-process theory. We make the case that reflective knowledge offers a way of overcoming the challenge identified. We show why such knowledge is necessary for extended knowledge, while building on Sosa’s (2012) account of meta-competence.
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Woolcock, Stephen. 16. Trade Policy Policy-Making after the Treaty of Lisbon. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199689675.003.0016.
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This chapter examines the decision-making process in the European Union’s trade and investment policy following the changes brought about by the Treaty of Lisbon. It shows how EU policy competence has been extended progressively over many years due to internal institutional developments, but also in response to demands made upon the EU by external drivers. It also considers the respective roles of the EU institutions and argues that effective policy-making requires that all of the major actors have faith in the decision-making regime. Such a regime involving the European Commission and the European Council was developed by the EU over many years. The challenge for decision-making is for the European Parliament to be integrated into this regime. The chapter explains how the EU has shifted to a policy that includes the active pursuit of free trade agreements in parallel with efforts to promote a comprehensive multilateral trade agenda.
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Wolfe, Jeremy M. Approaches to Visual Search. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.002.
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In her original Feature Integration Theory, Anne Treisman proposed that we process a limited set of basic preattentive, visual features in parallel across the visual field. Binding those features together into coherent, recognizable objects requires selective attention of item after item. In Treisman’s original conception, searches were divided into parallel feature searches and other serial self-terminating searches. Wolfe’s Guided Search model added the idea that the deployment of attention could be guided by preattentive information. In this view, the efficiency of search is related to the effectiveness of guidance on a continuum from perfect guidance, in the case of simple feature pop-out, to no guidance when no basic features distinguish target from distractors. This chapter reviews the evidence for different basic, preattentive features and describes the current understanding of the rules of guidance, the mechanics of visual search, and the relationship of these processes to visual awareness.
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Swann, Julian. Head of the Household. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0002.
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Louis XIII, as head of the royal household, was expected to uphold his authority as supreme patriarch and yet his authority was constantly tested by his mother, brother, and extended family. His court was a hotbed of intrigue and it was constantly shaken by the impact of conspiracy and revolt. This chapter examines the nature of court life in an era of aristocratic military and political independence and explores the process by which the king, and especially his successor Louis XIV, would gradually impose a new model of political disgrace that would become a powerful tool for the management of court society. As they did so, subtle use of patronage and other signs of favour came to replace prison cells or the block as a means of upholding the royal authority.
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Orentlicher, Diane. The Afterlife of a Tribunal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882273.003.0011.
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The span of an international tribunal’s local impact is not the same as its operational life, as Germany’s evolved relationship with Nuremberg highlights. Recognizing that the ICTY’s impact in Bosnia and Serbia will continue to evolve after the Tribunal ends its work, this chapter considers the Tribunal’s future impact, focusing in particular on its potential to stimulate a future reckoning with Serbia’s wartime past. While recognizing myriad differences between post-Milošević Serbia and postwar Germany, this chapter explores factors behind the latter’s eventual emergence as a “model penitent” long after German society rejected the moral message the Allies hoped Nuremberg would impart. It suggests that, after an extended period of “transitional denial,” Nuremberg may have contributed to Germany’s far-reaching reckoning with the past through a process of delayed norm diffusion.
15
Newman, Mark. Epidemics on networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0016.
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This chapter discusses the spread of diseases over contact networks between individuals and the methods used to model this process. The chapter begins with an introduction to the classic models of mathematical epidemiology, including the SI model, the SIR model, and the SIS model. Models for coinfection and competition between diseases are also discussed, as well as “complex contagion” models used to represent the spread of information. The remainder of the chapter deals with the behavior of these models on networks, where the behavior of spreading diseases depends strongly on network structure. It is shown that the SIR model maps to a bond percolation process on networks, allowing us to solve for static properties such as the total number of individuals infected in a disease outbreak. The case of the configuration model is developed in detail and the calculations are extended to competing diseases, coinfection, and complex contagion. Time-dependent behavior of diseases on networks is also studied using various differential equation approximations, including pair approximations and degree-based approximations.
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Barcelona, Antonio. Metaphor and Metonymy in Language and Art. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0014.
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Interpreting sacred notions of the Hebrew Bible in a non-literal sense was part of the hermeneutical manoeuvres of Early Christian writers. They proceeded by deliteralization and metaphorization, meta-linguistic speech acts by which a word usually understood in its literal sense receives a non-literal meaning. The author develops a two-phase model of Paul’s notion of the ‘circumcision of the heart.’ First the initial values (Jewishness and ritual circumcision) are projected upon a newly created target, inwardness. Then the original value is abolished. This process can be termed a value-shift, versus similar instances which should be seen as value-extensions, the source value being preserved and extended to other realms. Corollaries of value-shift and value-extension are duty-shift and duty-extension. From a socio-religious perspective, metaphorization accompanies a widening of the religious community; it reveals itself to be a moment in the genesis of new philosophical concepts, such as inwardness as the locus of redemption.
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Kruschke, John K., and Wolf Vanpaemel. Bayesian Estimation in Hierarchical Models. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.13.
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Bayesian data analysis involves describing data by meaningful mathematical models, and allocating credibility to parameter values that are consistent with the data and with prior knowledge. The Bayesian approach is ideally suited for constructing hierarchical models, which are useful for data structures with multiple levels, such as data from individuals who are members of groups which in turn are in higher-level organizations. Hierarchical models have parameters that meaningfully describe the data at their multiple levels and connect information within and across levels. Bayesian methods are very flexible and straightforward for estimating parameters of complex hierarchical models (and simpler models too). We provide an introduction to the ideas of hierarchical models and to the Bayesian estimation of their parameters, illustrated with two extended examples. One example considers baseball batting averages of individual players grouped by fielding position. A second example uses a hierarchical extension of a cognitive process model to examine individual differences in attention allocation of people who have eating disorders. We conclude by discussing Bayesian model comparison as a case of hierarchical modeling.
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Rodriguez-Blanco, Veronica. Processes and Artifacts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821977.003.0010.
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This chapter proposes a model of intention as diachronically directed to an end. Thus, intention is conceived as an activity, process, or bringing about of an object or state of affairs. This model explains how we effectively produce artifacts and specific kinds of artifacts which are institutional facts, including law. The model of intention as a mental state is rejected since it cannot explain how mental states are effectively connectevd to its intended effects. The alternative solution advanced by classical tradition and some contemporary authors, such as Anscombe, provides the idea of intention as a process of bringing about something. Intentions run parallel to our capacities for reasoning and this process creates an order to reasons that makes intelligible the product of the process. This sheds new light on the idea that law is an artifact and therefore something that we bring about in the world.
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Bisschops, Ralph. Metaphor in Religious Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0012.
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Interpreting sacred notions of the Hebrew Bible in a figurative sense was part of the hermeneutical manoeuvres of Early Christian writers. They proceeded by deliteralisation and metaphorisation. Paul’s notion of the ‘circumcision of the heart’, which is intimately linked to that of the ‘inner Jew’, was an attempt to internalise Jewish law-abidingness whilst abolishing its initial dignity. The chapter develops a two-phase model behind Paul’s metaphorisations. First the initial values (Jewishness and ritual circumcision) are projected onto a newly created target, namely inwardness. Subsequently, the original value is abolished. This process can be termed a value-shift, in contradistinction to similar instances which should be seen as value-extensions the source value being preserved and merely extended. . Corollaries of value-shift and value-extension are duty-shift and duty-extension. From a socio-religious perspective, metaphorisation goes along with a widening of the religious community. In the last resort, however, it reveals itself to be a moment in the genesis of new theological and even philosophical concepts such as inwardness as the locus of redemption.
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Majumdar, Satya N. Random growth models. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.38.
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This article discusses the connection between a particular class of growth processes and random matrices. It first provides an overview of growth model, focusing on the TASEP (totally asymmetric simple exclusion process) with parallel updating, before explaining how random matrices appear. It then describes multi-matrix models and line ensembles, noting that for curved initial data the spatial statistics for large time t is identical to the family of largest eigenvalues in a Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE multi-matrix model. It also considers the link between the line ensemble and Brownian motion, and whether this persists on Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) matrices by comparing the line ensembles at fixed position for the flat polynuclear growth model (PNG) and at fixed time for GOE Brownian motions. Finally, it examines (directed) last passage percolation and random tiling in relation to growth models.
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Quick, Laura. The Composition of the Tell Fakhariyah Inscription and Deuteronomy 28. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810933.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the composition of Deuteronomy 28, noting a parallel to the Tell Fakhariyah bilingual inscription. Scholars have developed a textual history for the Tell Fakhariyah inscription, reconstructing a complex compositional process based upon division of this inscription into parts stemming from a West Semitic hand and parts with East Semitic origin. By exploring the translation technique that governed the production of this inscription, this chapter demonstrates that it stems from a single hand who could mediate between traditions of East and West. This new understanding of the compositional process of the Tell Fakhariyah inscription is then proposed as a model for understanding the composition of Deuteronomy 28, which also seems to reflect a complex interplay between Mesopotamian and Levantine traditions. Deuteronomy 28 makes use of the futility curse as a culturally Levantine product, but juxtaposes this with curses drawn from the East Semitic world, such as Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaties.
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Hoffmann, Sebastian, Anne-Katrin Blass, and Joybrato Mukherjee. Canonical Tag Questions in Asian Englishes. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.025.
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The present chapter provides a comparative study of canonical tag questions in Hong Kong, Indian, and Singapore English on the basis of their respective spoken components of the International Corpus of English (ICE). These three postcolonial Asian Englishes represent different phases in the evolutionary model of variety-formation proposed by Schneider (2003, 2007). The present-day manifestation of their shared historical input variety British English is used as a basis of comparison. Differences across these four varieties in terms of forms, functions, and frequencies of tag questions are described and interpreted from a variational-pragmatic perspective. The findings reveal considerable intervarietal differences, with the variety that has furthest progressed in Schneider’s model, Singapore English, displaying preferences that diverge markedly from the patterns of use in British English. This suggests that a process of ‘pragmatic nativization’—in parallel to well-documented processes of structural nativization—can be observed in the development of New Englishes.
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Swann, Julian. From Disgrace to Despotism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0012.
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Disgrace was the exercise of the sovereign will, usually independent of the regular judicial process, and it could be justified on the basis of both divine right and the ancient maxim that the king was the fount of all justice. Yet despite the emergence of a new model of disgrace in the seventeenth century, obedience did not necessarily mean acceptance. This chapter examines the progress of a parallel critique of the practice of disgrace founded on the law. From their inception, lettres de cachet were denounced as arbitrary, even despotic, and these ideas developed into a much broader critique of arbitrary punishment driven by judges and many victims of disgrace that by the reign of Louis XVI would lead to calls for their abolition. As this chapter demonstrates, the campaign for a French version of habeas corpus would sap the ideological justification of disgrace and prepare the ground for Revolution.
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Gray, Erik. Love and Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198752974.003.0002.
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This chapter considers the relation between love and poetry by examining different theories of each. It begins with Horace’s Art of Poetry and Ovid’s Art of Love, which give very similar accounts of their respective subjects. Both phenomena are said to involve a counterpointing of contradictory forces: impulse and artistry, spontaneity and deliberate craft. The parallel persists in the work of thinkers across different periods. Thus the Romantics of the early nineteenth century describe a similar balance; both poetry and love, in their accounts, consist of a two-stage process in which momentary inspiration is followed and fulfilled by self-conscious reflection. These dualities find their ultimate model in Plato, who describes love as an effect of simultaneous recognition and disorientation. The same dichotomy is fundamental to poetry, notably through poetry’s use of meter, with its reliance on pattern and variation, and metaphor, with its emphasis on both similarity and difference.
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Field, Clive D. Periodizing Secularization. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848806.001.0001.
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Moving beyond the (now somewhat tired) debates about secularization as paradigm, theory, or master narrative, this book focuses upon the empirical evidence for secularization, viewed in its descriptive sense as the waning social influence of religion, in Britain. Particular emphasis is attached to the two key performance indicators of religious allegiance and churchgoing, each subsuming several sub-indicators, between 1880 and 1945, including the first substantive account of secularization during the fin de siècle. A wide range of primary sources is deployed, many relatively or entirely unknown, and with due regard to their methodological and interpretative challenges. On the back of them, a cross-cutting statistical measure of ‘active church adherence’ is devised, which clearly shows how secularization has been a reality and a gradual, not revolutionary, process. The most likely causes of secularization were an incremental demise of a Sabbatarian culture and of religious socialization (in the church, at home, and in the school). The analysis is also extended backwards, to include a summary of developments during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and laterally, to incorporate a preliminary evaluation of a six-dimensional model of ‘diffusive religion’, demonstrating that these alternative performance indicators have hitherto failed to prove that secularization has not occurred. The book is designed as a prequel to the author’s previous volumes on the chronology of British secularization – Britain’s Last Religious Revival? (2015) and Secularization in the Long 1960s (2017). Together, they offer a holistic picture of religious transformation in Britain during the key secularizing century of 1880–1980. [250 words]