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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extended Parallel Process Model'
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Murniadi, Krishnamurti Murniadi. "Curbing Excessive Pornography Consumption Using Traditional, Relationship, and Religious Identity-Based Extended Parallel Process Model Messages." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent153295926543633.
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Shi, Rui. "Applying the Extended Parallel Process Model to examine posters in 2008 Chinese annual anti-drug campaign." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2009. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/42600.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Wake Forest University. Dept. of Communication, 2009.Title from electronic thesis title page. Thesis advisor: Michael David Hazen. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-55).
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Rihawi, Leyla. "Risposte dei consumatori a messaggi divulgati durante una situazione di crisi alimentare: un'applicazione dell'Extended Parallel Process Model." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422520.
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In the last 20 years the market has been hit by several food scares which have shown the main role of information in affecting the consumer response. In order to verify how the risk communication may affect the risk perception as well as the consumer purchasing behaviour during a food scare, we have chosen to investigate the information by analysing the components of the message and using a cognitive model. The Extended Process Parallel Model (Witte, 1992), which has already been used in health risk communication, states that messages about risks should include a threat component and an efficacy component: their different combinations will produce emotional responses (associated with the fear control caused by the message) or cognitive responses (associated with danger control). Eight hundred questionnaires, including three risk messages from three different sources (the press, the institutions and the word of mouth), were administered to estimate the importance of the components of a message. In order to determine the role of the source of information, the sample has been divided into two categories under different experimental conditions: the former knows the source of information (experimental group), the latter doesn’t know anything about it (control group). The first results confirm the validity of the model: messages with high risks and low efficacy lead consumer to the emotional response, whereas messages with high risk and high efficacy are associated with a fear control process. Consumers with a threat control process tend not to reduce the purchase of the “risky food”, while those with a fear control process tend to reduce their purchase. Furthermore the role of information source is partially supported on this study.Le paure abbattutesi sui mercati negli ultimi 20 anni hanno evidenziato il ruolo fondamentale dell’informazione nel condizionare la risposta dei consumatori. Per verificare l’influenza della comunicazione del rischio sulla percezione del rischio e i comportamenti d’acquisto dei consumatori durante una paura alimentare si è scelto di studiare l’informazione a partire dalle componenti del messaggio utilizzando un modello cognitivo. L’Extended Process Parallel Model (Witte, 1992), paradigma già impiegato nella comunicazione del rischio sanitario, prevede che i messaggi di rischio siano strutturati secondo una componente di rischio ed una di efficacia che, a seconda delle loro combinazioni, determinano una risposta emotiva (volta al controllo della paura suscitata dal messaggio), o cognitiva (volta al controllo del rischio). Per misurare l’importanza delle componenti del messaggio sono stati somministrati 800 questionari con tre messaggi di rischio tratti da altrettante fonti (stampa, istituzioni e word of mouth). Il ruolo della fonte d’informazione nel veicolare il messaggio è stato verificato attraverso la suddivisione del campione in due categorie sottoposte a diverse condizioni sperimentali: uno a conoscenza della fonte d’informazione (gruppo sperimentale ) l’altro senza alcun riferimento alla fonte (gruppo di controllo). I primi risultati confermano la validità del modello: i messaggi con un elevato rischio e una bassa efficacia determinano una risposta emotiva dei consumatori, mentre, quelli con un elevato rischio e un’elevata efficacia corrispondono ad un processo di controllo del pericolo. I consumatori che esercitano un processo di controllo della paura tendono a non ridurre la quantità acquistata dell’alimento a rischio, mentre coloro che attivano il controllo della paura tendono a ridurre gli acquisti. Infine il ruolo della fonte risulta non essere determinante nella percezione del messaggio.
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Bueno, Yvette. "The Co-Construction of Self-Talk and Illness Narratives: An HIV Intervention Case Study." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/200.
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This case study investigates the co-construction communication patterns that emerged during an Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) intervention designed to reduce negative and critical self-talk. The transcripts of eight sequential acupressure and behavioral (SAB) counseling intervention sessions between a therapist and two medically nonadherent HIV-infected women were analyzed using Giorgi's (1989, 1994, 1997, 2006) phenomeonlogical method of inquiry. The analysis revealed three major themes: "assessing the present," "reviewing the past," and "forging the future," and eight subthemes: "safe atmosphere," "disclosure," "negotiating meaning," "releasing the past," "breaking the past-to-present pattern," "reducing uncertainty," "generating options," and "projecting images." Prior to the intervention sessions, the women reported experiencing negative and critical self-talk and inconsistent medication adherence. Self-talk and illness narrative modifications were evident within and across sessions as the therapist used sequential acupressure and behavioral counseling techniques. During the one month follow-up, the participants reported no experience of negative and critical self-talk and described actions taken toward goals discussed and imagined during the intervention such as medication adherence, exercise, and reenrollment in school. The co-construction themes that emerged in the intervention were consistent with findings in the comforting message literature with specific parallels to the factor analysis findings of Bippus (2001). This work lends support to comforting message research and suggests that distinctions between everyday comforting messages and chronic illness support strategies may be more similar than anticipated. Other study conclusions include clinical and practical implications for people working with HIV-infected individuals.
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Heiden, Erin Ose. "Injuries among individuals with pre-existing spinal cord injury: understanding injury patterns, burdens, and prevention." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1624.
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As a growing body of research has focused on the individual, social, and environmental factors that facilitate life after spinal cord injury (SCI), particular emphasis has been placed on health conditions that are modifiable and preventable. Subsequent injuries are a serious health problem for individuals with SCI. They are a direct threat to further morbidity and mortality, and are both a cause and consequence other secondary health conditions.
As a first step toward understanding this public health problem, the purpose of this dissertation research was to describe the patterns, burdens, and prevention of subsequent injury among individuals with SCI. In three distinct, but related studies, this dissertation examined the characteristics of hospitalizations due to an injury among individuals with paraplegia, and compared the differences in length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs of injury hospitalizations between individuals with quadriplegia versus paraplegia. In addition, it explored the experience of subsequent injury among individuals with SCI who return to work and examined perceptions of threat and efficacy in preventing subsequent injury using the Extended Parallel Process Model. Using discharge level weighting available in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, Study 1 calculated national estimates of injury hospitalizations for individuals with paraplegia by patient, hospital, and injury characteristics. Most injury hospitalizations occurred among males, to individuals 35-49 years, and were due to falls, poisonings, or motor vehicle traffic. With the same dataset, Study 2 used logistic regression to estimate the effect of patient characteristics on odds of hospitalized patients with quadriplegia versus paraplegia, and linear regression to estimate predicted differences in hospital costs for individuals with quadriplegia compared to paraplegia. Fewer injury hospitalizations but longer hospital stays, and higher hospital costs per discharge were found for individuals with quadriplegia compared to individuals with paraplegia. Males, younger age, and the uninsured were significant predictors of higher hospital costs. Finally, Study 3 used in-depth interviews to qualitatively explore the perceptions on subsequent injury among individuals with SCI who return to work, and found individuals with SCI who return to work recognized the importance of preventing subsequent injury, and were taking actions to prevent subsequent injury in their daily life and in the workplace.
The significance of this research is that it is the first description of injury hospitalizations for all causes of injury by specific type of SCI, and the associated medical outcomes of LOS and direct medical costs. Prevention of subsequent injury should be a priority. The perceptions of individuals with SCI about the severity of and their susceptibility to injury and the efficacy of individual and environmental actions to prevent subsequent injury described in this research should be used to inform the development of interventions that prevent subsequent injury.
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Patinho, Pedro José Grilo Lopes. "An abstract model for parallel execution of prolog." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21002.
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Logic programming has been used in a broad range of fields, from artifficial intelligence
applications to general purpose applications, with great success. Through its
declarative semantics, by making use of logical conjunctions and disjunctions, logic
programming languages present two types of implicit parallelism: and-parallelism and
or-parallelism.
This thesis focuses mainly in Prolog as a logic programming language, bringing out
an abstract model for parallel execution of Prolog programs, leveraging the Extended
Andorra Model (EAM) proposed by David H.D. Warren, which exploits the implicit
parallelism in the programming language. A meta-compiler implementation for an
intermediate language for the proposed model is also presented.
This work also presents a survey on the state of the art relating to implemented Prolog
compilers, either sequential or parallel, along with a walk-through of the current parallel
programming frameworks. The main used model for Prolog compiler implementation,
the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) is also analyzed, as well as the WAM’s successor
for supporting parallelism, the EAM; Sumário:
Um Modelo Abstracto para
Execução Paralela de Prolog
A programação em lógica tem sido utilizada em diversas áreas, desde aplicações de
inteligência artificial até aplicações de uso genérico, com grande sucesso. Pela sua
semântica declarativa, fazendo uso de conjunções e disjunções lógicas, as linguagens de
programação em lógica possuem dois tipos de paralelismo implícito: ou-paralelismo e
e-paralelismo.
Esta tese foca-se em particular no Prolog como linguagem de programação em lógica,
apresentando um modelo abstracto para a execução paralela de programas em Prolog,
partindo do Extended Andorra Model (EAM) proposto por David H.D. Warren, que
tira partido do paralelismo implícito na linguagem. É apresentada uma implementação
de um meta-compilador para uma linguagem intermédia para o modelo proposto.
É feita uma revisão sobre o estado da arte em termos de implementações sequenciais
e paralelas de compiladores de Prolog, em conjunto com uma visita pelas linguagens
para implementação de sistemas paralelos. É feita uma análise ao modelo principal
para implementação de compiladores de Prolog, a Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) e
da sua evolução para suportar paralelismo, a EAM.
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Wang, Yi-ke. "Using an extended object model for object-oriented parallel simulation of VLSI microprocessors /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823320.
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Safdar, Saba F. "An extended model of acculturation process : study of Iranian immigrants in Canada /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ33508.pdf.
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Jelly, Innes E. "A parallel process model and architecture for a Pure Logic Language." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1990. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/8778/.
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The research presented in this thesis has been concerned with the use of parallel logic systems for the implementation of large knowledge bases. The thesis describes proposals for a parallel logic system based on a new logic programming language, the Pure Logic Language. The work has involved the definition and implementation of a new logic interpreter which incorporates the parallel execution of independent OR processes, and the specification and design of an appropriate non shared memory multiprocessor architecture. The Pure Logic Language which is under development at JeL, Bracknell, differs from Prolog in its expressive powers and implementation. The resolution based Prolog approach is replaced by a rewrite rule technique which successively transforms expressions according to logical axioms and user defined rules until no further rewrites are possible. A review of related work in the field of parallel logic language systems is presented. The thesis describes the different forms of parallelism within logic languages and discusses the decision to concentrate on the efficient implementation of OR parallelism. The parallel process model for the Pure Logic Language uses the same execution technique of rule rewriting but has been adapted to implement the creation of independent OR processes and the required message passing operations. The parallelism in the system is implemented automatically and, unlike many other parallel logic systems there are no explicit program annotations for the control of parallel execution. The spawning of processes involves computational overheads within the interpreter: these have been measured and results are presented. The functional requirements of a multiprocessor architecture are discussed: shared memory machines are not scalable for large numbers of processing elements, but, with no shared memory, data needed by offspring processors must be copied from the parent or else recomputed. The thesis describes an optimised format for the copying of data between processors. Because a one-to-many communication pattern exits between parent and offspring processors a broadcast architecture is indicated. The development of a system based on the broadcasting of data packets represents a new approach to the parallel execution of logic languages and has led to the design of a novel bus based multiprocessor architecture. A simulation of this multiprocessor architecture has been produced and the parallel logic interpreter mapped onto it: this provides data on the predicted performance of the system. A detailed analysis of these results is presented and the implications for future developments to the proposed system are discussed.
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Karahan, Ceren. "Pricing Inflation Indexed Swaps Using An Extended Hjm Framework With Jump Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612741/index.pdf.
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Inflation indexed instruments are designed to help protect investors against the changes in the
general level of prices. So, they are frequently preferred by investors and they have become
increasingly developing part of the market. In this study, firstly, the HJM model and foreign
currency analogy used to price of inflation indexed instruments are investigated. Then, the
HJM model is extended with finite number of Poisson process. Finally, under the extended
HJM model, a pricing derivation of inflation indexed swaps, which are the most liquid ones
among inflation indexed instruments in the market, is given.
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Zheng, Lingyu. "Estimation of the linkage matrix in O-GARCH model and GO-GARCH model." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/102486.
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StatisticsPh.D.
We propose new estimation methods for the factor loading matrix in modeling multivariate volatility processes. The key step of the methods is based on the weighted scatter estimators, which does not involve optimizing any objective function and was embedded with robust estimation properties. The method can therefore be easily applied to high-dimensional systems without running into computational problems. The estimation is proved to be consistent and the asymptotic distribution is derived. We compare the performance with other estimation methods and demonstrate its superiority when using both simulated data as well as real-world case studies.
Temple University--Theses
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Akita, Shigeyuki, and Hiroshi Maruyama. "An extended yield curve model for bond option pricing using a Jump/Garch-m forward rate process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38341.
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Beatty, Keturi D. "Mediated chameleons: An integration of nonconscious behavioral mimicry and the parallel process model of nonverbal communication." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9934/.
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This study explored the state of art education in Turkey as revealed by pre-service art education university instructors, and the potential of incorporating visual culture studies in pre-service art education in Turkey. The instructors' ideas about visual culture, and popular culture, the impact it might have, the content (objects), and the practices within the context of Turkey were examined. Visual culture was examined from an art education perspective that focuses on a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the perception and critique of popular culture and everyday cultural experiences, and the analysis of media including television programs, computer games, Internet sites, and advertisements. A phenomenological human science approach was employed in order to develop a description of the perception of visual culture in pre-service art education in Turkey as lived by the participants. In-person interviews were used to collect the data from a purposive sample of 8 faculty members who offered undergraduate and graduate art education pedagogy, art history, and studio courses within four-year public universities. This empirical approach sought to obtain comprehensive descriptions of an experience through semi-structural interviews. These interviews employed open-ended questions to gather information about the following: their educational and professional background; their definitions of art education and art teacher education and what it means for them to teach pre-service art education; critical reflections on the educational system of Turkey; perceptions of visual and popular culture; and finally individual approaches to teaching art education. This study was conducted for the purpose of benefiting pre-service art teacher education in general and specifically in Turkey. It provided the rationale, the nature, and pedagogy of visual culture as well as the why and how of visual culture art education in the context of Turkey. Furthermore, it provided insights into the potential contribution of the concept of visual culture to the understanding of art and improvement of art teacher training in the context of Turkey.
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Beatty, Keturi D. Anderson Karen Ann. "Mediated chameleons an integration of nonconscious behavioral mimicry and the parallel process model of nonverbal communication /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9934.
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Cai, Jing [Verfasser]. "Development of a Reference Feature-based Machining Process Planning Data Model for Web-enabled Exchange in Extended Enterprise / Jing Cai." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/116650929X/34.
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Hempinstall, Susan. "Computational Model of Human Memory." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35096.
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Theories of Extended Mind have evolved in waves to reach the present state of disagreement with regard to whether or not external artefacts become part of the mind when used for memory purposes. A four-step approach has been used to address and resolve this disagreement. First, a new component for models of mind which provides a saliency function is provided. This saliency function corresponds to computational elements found necessary in large mainframe computer systems for handling rich data environments. Second, there is introduced a Computational Model of Memory containing the new component which models the operation of human memory. The Computational Model of Memory contains four interoperative elements including the new component, short-term memory, long-term memory, and a cross-reference associator. Third, the work of Marcin Milkowski is drawn upon to obtain a general method of assessing a computational model’s well-formedness, and the method is applied to prove the adequacy of the Computational Model of Memory. According to Milkowski’s schema, the model satisfies most criteria for a well-formed computational model, including in particular a separation between conceptual elements of the model, and constitutive elements of the model, which while explicitly related, are required to subsist at separate logical conceptual levels. Fourth, the Computational Model of Memory is applied to outstanding arguments in Extended Mind to clarify and resolve several of these arguments. The model serves to highlight where the nature of the disagreement depends upon a category error of reference, and further resolves a key disagreement by demonstrating that the mind may treat external artefacts as an alternative realizable constitutive element of short-term and long-term memory.
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Morrison, Adrian Franklin. "An Efficient Method for Computing Excited State Properties of Extended Molecular Aggregates Based on an Ab-Initio Exciton Model." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1509730158943602.
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Shirke, Chaitrali Dipak. "An extended cell transmission model for arterial traffic and its application to design a robust signal plan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135993/1/Chaitrali%20Dipak_Shirke_Thesis.pdf.
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Traffic signals are an integral part of arterial roads, and the performance of optimized traffic signals play a critical role in managing recurrent congestion. The performance efficiency of signal control relies mainly on: a) accuracy and efficiency of traffic flow models that are used to evaluate the performance of different signal plans under various scenarios during signal optimization and b) signal designing technique used for producing signal plans. Hence, this research developed an Arterial Cell Transmission Model (ACTM) for a more realistic simulation of arterial traffic. ACTM is used to develop a Metaheuristic Robust plan Approach (MHRA) to design a robust signal plan that can maintain stable performance under varying traffic demands.
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Jadrný, Miroslav. "Model workflow a jeho grafické rozhraní." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237094.
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Business process management is important topic in business information systems. Workflow systems are taking the top places in company information system architecture due to aspiration to make business process more and more optimized. This project is about parallel processing and implementation of business processes parallel processing in complex information systems. Content of this project is o function and object library for modeling business process in Vema, a. s. Workflow system. Important part of this project is parallel processing solution and its implementation.
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Raneri, April. "SOURCE REPRESENTATION AND FRAMING IN CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION COMMUNICATION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3522.
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Research has indicated a strong interest in knowing who is being represented and how information is being represented in the communication about childhood immunization. This study uses a two-part analysis to look at source representation and framing in childhood immunization communication. A quantitative analysis of articles from the New York Times and USA Today were examined for their source representation, their use of fear appeals, through the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM), and the use of frames, through the application of Prospect Theory. A qualitative semiotic analysis was conducted on 36 images that appeared on www.yahoo.com and www.google.com to find common themes for who is being represented and how information is being portrayed through the images. Results found a high prevalence of representation from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, other governmental agencies and views from health/medical professionals in both the articles and images.M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Sciences
Communication MA
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Sandanayake, Yasangika Gayani. "Development of a model for performance measurement in just-in-time enabled manufacturing environments." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/69605.
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In this era of globalisation and fierce competition amongst businesses, there is a need to improve advanced operations management philosophies such as just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing to enhance business performance. Literature review shows that there is no mechanism so far to identify key JIT drivers relevant to a given organisation and its production processes, and their impact on enterprise performance. The research carried out here therefore involved the development of a generic performance measurement model to identify and capture the influence of JIT practices on enterprise performance. A conceptual performance measurement model, which was designed based on comprehensive literature review and informal interviews/discussions with both academic researchers and industry practitioners describes the link between JIT drivers (Xi) and measurable performance (Y). This mathematically determined model is aimed at assisting managers in the systematic identification of the influence of key JIT drivers on enterprise performance using a multidimensional tool such as the extended balanced scorecard. The case study approach was selected as the most suitable methodology for testing and validating the conceptual model in JIT enabled production plant and was applied to the production process of Denso Manufacturing (UK) Ltd., a global automotive component manufacturer. A novel eight-step implementation procedure was designed to collect data, which were analysed and validated by design of experiments, linear mathematical modelling, computer based dynamic simulation and analytic hierarchy process tool. The performance measurement model was then successfully applied to a non-automotive component production plant (Risane Ltd.). In conclusion, the performance measurement model can now be suitably applied to JIT enabled manufacturing environments using relevant organisation specific JIT drivers and key performance indicators to optimise system performance. The contribution to knowledge is an innovative, user friendly, robust and multidimensional performance measurement model enabling industry practitioners to optimise JIT processes with substantial performance enhancement. The model could also be applied by future researchers to other operations management philosophies and industries, and at a higher level could be developed into a self-optimising software package, which will enable rapid determination of the key control parameters needed to optimise process performance just in time.
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Moody, G. (Gregory). "A multi-theoretical perspective on IS security behaviors." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295614.
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Abstract Increasingly, organizations and individuals rely upon technologies and networks more and more. Likewise, these environments are infested with more dangers, which could be avoided if computer users were to follow general security guidelines or procedures. Despite the ever-increasing threat, little research has addressed or explained why individuals purposefully engage in behaviors that make them more vulnerable to these threats, rather than avoiding or protecting themselves from such threats. Despite the advantage that could be afforded by understanding the motivations behind such behaviors, research addressing these behaviors is lacking or focused on very specific theoretical bases. This dissertation addresses this research gap by focusing on security-related behaviors that have yet to be addressed in this research stream, and by using novel theoretical perspectives that increase our insight into these types of behaviors. Four studies (n = 1,430) are tested and reported here that support the four behaviors and theoretical perspectives that are of focus in this dissertation. By considering additional theories, constructs, and theoretical perspectives, this dissertation provides several important contributions to security-related behaviors. The results of this study provide new insights into the motivations behind the purposeful enactment of behaviors that increase one’s vulnerability to technological threats and risksTiivistelmä Organisaatiot ja ihmiset ovat yhä enenevissä määrin riippuvaisia teknologiasta ja tietoverkoista. Tällöin he myös kohtaavat entistä enemmän tietoturvariskejä, joita olisi mahdollista välttää noudattamalla tietoturvaohjeita ja -politiikkoja. Huolimatta näistä jatkuvasti yleistyvistä riskeistä, tähän mennessä ei juurikaan ole tehty tutkimusta, joka selittää ihmisten tietoista tietoturvaohjeiden ja -politiikkojen laiminlyöntiä, joka altistaa heidät tietoturvariskeille. Aikaisempi ihmisten tietoturvakäyttäytymisen syiden ymmärtämiseen keskittyvä tutkimus tarkastelee ilmiötä yksipuolisesti tiettyihin teoreettisiin lähtökohtiin nojautuen. Tämä väitöskirjatyö tarkastelee ihmisten tietoturvakäyttäytymisen syitä uudesta teoreettisesta näkökulmasta. Väitöskirja sisältää neljä tutkimusta (n = 1430), jotka tarkastelevat erityyppistä tietoturvakäyttäytymistä erilaisista teoreettisista lähtökohdista. Väitöskirja täydentää olemassa olevaa tietoturvakäyttäytymisen tutkimusta uusien teorioiden, käsitteiden ja teoreettisten näkökulmien avulla
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Paim, Anderson de Campos. "Controle preditivo retroalimentado por estados estimados, aplicado a uma planta laboratorial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21258.
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A retroalimentação de controladores preditivos que utilizam modelos em espaço de estado pode ser realizada de duas formas: (a) correção por bias, em que as saídas preditas são corrigidas adicionando-se um valor proporcional a discrepância encontrada entre o valor medido atual e sua respectiva predição e por (b) retroalimentação dos estados, onde se determinam as condições iniciais através da estimação dos estados, e a partir de uma melhor condição inicial se realizam as predições futuras usadas no cálculo das ações de controle. Nesta dissertação estas duas abordagens são comparadas utilizando a Planta Laboratorial de Seis Tanques Esféricos. As técnicas de Filtro de Kalman Estendido (EKF) e Filtro de Kalman Estendido com Restrições (CEKF) foram empregadas para estimar os estados não medidos. Inicialmente foram feitos testes off-line destes algoritmos de estimação. Para estes testes são utilizados uma série de dados da planta laboratorial do estudo de caso, na qual são estudadas as influências de diversos fatores de ajuste que determinam a qualidade final de estimação. Estes ajustes serviram de base para a aplicação destes algoritmos em tempo real, quando então, estimadores de estados estão associados ao sistema de controle do processo baseado em um algoritmo de controle preditivo. Após se ter certificado a qualidade das estimações de estado, partiu-se para sua utilização como uma alternativa de retroalimentação de controladores preditivos. Estes resultados foram comparados com os obtidos através da correção simples por bias. Os resultados experimentais apontam para uma marginal piora devido à retroalimentação por estimadores de estados frente à correção por bias, pelo menos para o caso do controlador preditivo linear utilizado na comparação. Entretanto, espera-se que resultados melhores sejam obtidos no caso de modelos preditivos não-lineares, uma vez que nestes casos o modelo é bem mais sensível à qualidade da condição inicial.The feedback of controllers that use predictive models in state space can be accomplished in two ways: (a) bias correction, where the predicted outputs are corrected by adding a value proportional to the discrepancy found between the current measurement and its respective prediction; and by (b) state feedback, which establishes the initial conditions through the states estimation, and from a better initial condition are carried out the future predictions used in the calculation of control. In this thesis these two approaches are compared using a Laboratorial Plant of Six Spherical Tanks. The techniques of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Constraint Extended Kalman Filter (CEKF) were used to estimate the unmeasured states. Initially, tests were carried out off-line for theses estimation algorithms. For such testing are used a dataset of the plant in case study, in which are studied the influences of several adjustment factors that they determine the final quality of estimation. These adjustments were used of base for the application of these algorithms in real time, when then state estimators are associated with the system of process control based on a predictive control algorithm. After having ascertained the quality of the state estimates, begins its use as an alternative for feedback of predictive controllers. These results were compared with those obtained by the simple correction of bias. The experimental results show a marginal worsening due to feedback from state estimated compared with bias correction, at least for the case of linear predictive controller used in the comparison. However, one expects that better results will be obtained in the case of non-linear predictive models, since in these cases the model is much more sensitive to the quality of the initial condition.
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Tamagnini, Filippo. "EKF based State Estimation in a CFI Copolymerization Reactor including Polymer Quality Information." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20235/.
Full textAbstract:
State estimation is an integral part of modern control techniques, as it allows to characterize the state information of complex plants based on a limited number of measurements and the knowledge of the process model. The benefit is twofold: on one hand it has the potential to rationalize the number of measurements required to monitor the plant, thus reducing costs, on the other hand it enables to extract information about variables that have an effect on the system but would otherwise be inaccessible to direct measurement.
The scope of this thesis is to design a state estimator for a tubular copolymerization reactor, with the aim to provide the full state information of the plant and to characterize the quality of the product.
Due to the fact that, with the existing set of measurements, only a small number of state variables can be observed, a new differential pressure sensor is installed in the plant to provide the missing information, and a model for the pressure measurement is developed.
Following, the state estimation problem is approached rigorously and a comprehensive method for analyzing, tuning and implementing the state estimator is assembled from scientific literature, using a variety of tools from graph theory, linear observability theory and matrix algebra. Data reduction and visualization techniques are also employed to make sense of high dimensional information.
The proposed method is then tested in simulations to assess the effect of the tuning parameters and measured set on the estimator performance during initialization and in case of estimation with plant-model mismatch.
Finally, the state estimator is tested with plant data.
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Petersen, Fazlyn. "The realisation of business benefits when implementing mandatory software in an IT department: a case study in a South African financial services organisation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1565_1365670947.
Full textAbstract:
No organisation has an endless and unlimited supply of money, especially in a recessive economy, and therefore decisions have to be made as to which areas an organisation will invest in. As organisations, such as YZ1 financial services organisation, are focused on seeing returns on investment (ROI), implementing software that is not being used
will not render any benefits to the organisation. Research problem: Project Managers (PMs) in YZ organisation&rsquo
s IT department need to perform mandated processes, as
defined in their centralised repository. PMs need to use Financial and Planning Software (FPS)2 software to perform certain project management activities, as required by their
job function. However, it was found that MPP3 software, another tool, was used for more detailed project schedules, as well as activities that were not strictly enforced by
management, the Project Office or the Quality Assurance team. Therefore, from this discovery, it was not clear whether the intended benefit of implementing this mandatory
software (FPS) was being realised &ndash
since implementing software that is not being utilised fully would not deliver the intended benefits to the IT department (Devaraj &
Kohli
2003), even if the software is termed &lsquo
mandatory&rsquo
. Objective: The primary objective of this research was to explore and optimise the key success factors for an effective
implementation of mandatory software in a department, in order to derive the intended business benefits. Literature Review: Literature was reviewed in the search for models or
theories that explore the relationship between the use of mandatory software and the achievement of business benefits. The Information Management Body of Knowledge
(IMBOK) was selected as this framework defines the relationship between IT and the realisation of business benefits, and ultimately the achievement of any business strategy. The literature review focused predominantly on the level of user involvement, change management, as well as factors that influence the usage of mandatory software by
individuals. 1. The name of the organisation utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration 2. The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical
Consideration and list of acronyms 3. The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration and list of acronyms. Focus was given to organisational factors affecting usage, such as top management support and organisational processes. A model was compiled using unique constructs in the Technology Acceptance Model
(and TAM2), the Motivational Model (MM) and the Model of PC Utilisation (MPCU) &ndash
in order to test user acceptance of mandatory software. The literature study concludes with a
review of an approach to benefits management including five stages, namely: identifying and structuring benefits, planning for the realisation of benefits, executing the plan, in
addition to the evaluation and the review. Research design and methodology: A case study was used in this research, as it examined the phenomenon in its natural setting,
employing multiple methods of data collection to gather information from a few entities (groups and data sources). In this way, it was not limited to only qualitative or quantitative
approaches, but utilised mixed methods instead. A mixed methods approach was used in order to elaborate, enhance and clarify the results from the qualitative research
through the results of the quantitative analysis. Findings: The main finding, based on the compilation of three models of user acceptance, proved that FPS was not being utilised
as intended. There was also no evidence of an improvement in business operations. Therefore, benefits management was negatively impacted. Organisational processes were
dentified as the most important organisational factor, influencing the usage of FPS software. Own technological capability was considered to be the least important factor,
as respondents believed that they had sufficient IT skills in order to learn how to use FPS software. Change management was rated negatively
and as a result, it impacted the
usage of FPS, as users were not involved in the decision to implement, and had limited interaction in the implementation process. In addition, there was no evidence found that
benefits management was conducted in the IT department
and therefore, the impact of using alternative software could not be quantitatively assessed. Recommendations: In concluding this research, it is recommended that the &ldquo
best practice&rdquo
, derived from the pertinent literate should be followed more diligently if YZ organisation is to benefit from the
implementation of mandatory software. For example, in this research, it was found that top management&rsquo
s support of FPS (second most important organisational factor influencing use) was lacking, despite the literature suggestion that senior management involvement in changing technology is crucial for organisational commitment. It is
suggested that a more formal approach to benefits management should be implemented. It is also recommended that further study should be conducted &ndash
in order to explore
the applicability of the Japanese framing (achieving benefits from IT software through the concept of strategic instinct, rather than strategic alignment) in the context of a
developing country (such as South Africa).
26
Vestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
Full textAbstract:
Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
27
"Designing Messages to Reduce Meat Consumption: A Test of the Extended Parallel Process Model." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34852.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) in guiding message design for a new health context, reducing meat consumption. The experiment was a posttest only design with a comparison and a control group. Message design was informed by the EPPM and contained threat and efficacy components. Participants (Americans ages 25-44 who eat meat approximately once a day) were randomly assigned to view a high threat/ high efficacy video, a high threat/ low efficacy video, or to be in a control group. Dependent variables were danger control outcomes (i.e., attitudes, intentions, and behavior) and fear control outcomes (i.e., perceived manipulative intent, message derogation, and defensive avoidance). Outcomes were assessed at an immediate posttest (Time 1) and at a one-week follow up (Time 2). There were 373 participants at Time 1 and 153 participants at Time 2. The data did not fully fit either the EPPM or the additive model; both videos were equally persuasive and resulted in greater message acceptance (attitude change, behavioral intention, and behavior) than the control group. Because the high threat/ low efficacy group was more persuasive than the control group, the data more closely fit the additive model. Fear control outcomes did not differ between the two video groups. Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of using the EPPM to guide video message design in a new health context, reducing meat consumption. The results supported the EPPM prediction that a high-threat high-efficacy message would result in message acceptance, but support was not found for the necessity of an efficacy component for message acceptance. These findings can be used to guide new or existing health campaigns that seek to improve public health outcomes, including reducing the incidence of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2015
28
Carcioppolo, Nicholas. "Assessing the utility of integrating perceived barrier and response cost measures into the Extended Parallel Process Model." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1537007421&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 13, 2008) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Rintamaki, Lance S. Includes bibliographical references.
29
Lin, Shih-Yao, and 林詩堯. "The Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model （EPPM） in Fear Appeals: Designing Smoking Cessation Programs through Social Marketing." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ypb2xp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
公共行政學系公共政策碩士班
102
Fear appeal is a widely used strategy for persuading target audiences in governmental and non-profit organizations. Therefore, how to effectively design fear appeal messages to change the attitudes, intentions, and behaviors of the target audience has long been an important issue to explore. This thesis attempts to investigate the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs from the perspective of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). According to the EPPM, the perceptions of threat and efficacy of individuals toward a threatening event will jointly determine the success or failure of fear appeals. For this reason, this research examines how and why target audiences respond differently to fear appeal messages in smoking cessation programs. The major research findings are summarized below: First, individuals who are highly susceptible to the harm of smoking tend to have greater levels of perceived threat. Second, individuals using non-nicotine smoking cessation drugs have greater levels of perceived efficacy than people using nicotine replacement therapy or willpower to quit smoking. Third, for threat messages, older people are more concerned about their health whereas the youths are more concerned about other people''s reactions and the price of cigarettes. Last, individual differences do not have significant effects on perceived efficacy. The findings of this research indicate that individuals motivated to quit smoking by threat messages often fail as a result of lack of efficacy messages. Therefore, designing smoking cessation campaigns should put more emphasis on providing efficacy messages about available non-nicotine smoking cessation drugs to increase the perceived efficacy of the target audience.
30
HATCHELL, ALEXANDRA. "Man-Made Messages: Investigating the influence of health messaging on men's physical activity behaviours." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6689.
Full textAbstract:
Men engage in fewer health-promoting behaviours than women. Despite being more active than women, the majority of men are inactive. Physical activity (PA) decreases the risk of developing numerous chronic conditions and may be an optimal behaviour to target in men’s health interventions. However, informational resources and health-promotion interventions for men are lacking. To address this gap, we conducted two studies using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM; Witte, 1992) as a guiding framework. Study 1 examined relevant and appealing health message content for men and explored the relevance and applicability of EPPM constructs to men’s health messages and PA messages in particular. Four semi-structured focus groups and four semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Participants (n=26) easily related to the EPPM constructs. Participants preferred demographically-tailored health messages that addressed modifiable behaviours (e.g. PA) and self-regulatory strategies (e.g. planning) and included reputable sources, strong language, and sex appeal. From these findings, four sets of PA messages with different combinations of risk and efficacy information were developed. Study 2 tested the effectiveness of these EPPM-based messages to increase men’s PA intentions and behaviours. Inactive participants (n=353) were randomly assigned to one of four message groups and read four health messages over four consecutive days. Intentions were assessed at baseline and the first follow-up (Day 5) while manipulation check items were assessed at Day 5. PA behaviour was assessed at baseline and the second follow-up (Day 14). Men who received low efficacy and risk information were less likely to meet the Canadian PA guidelines at Day 14 than men who only received low efficacy information (OR=2.15 95% CI:0.963-4.80, Wald=3.49, p=0.062). Providing risk information led to increases in PA behaviours (F(1, 157)=7.29, p=0.008, d=.22). Intentions to be active were greater in the high efficacy group than the low efficacy group (F(1, 345)=4.10, p=0.044, d=.21). Bivariate correlations indicated a disconnect between fear and efficacy perceptions, intentions, and defensive avoidance. From these collective findings, we provide insight into the EPPM as it relates to men’s PA behaviours, propose preliminary recommendations regarding the development of PA messages for men, and suggest areas for future research.Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-30 17:32:12.392
31
Minnaert, Mar-tijn, and 民馬丹. "A Study to Evaluate the Second Generation Pictorial Cigarette Labels in Taiwan: An Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47862681969881393093.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
說服傳播國際碩士學程
103
Graphically stronger and more confronting labels have proven to be more effective in causing changes in quitting intentions and behaviour. In 2013, Taiwan has issued a new set of cigarette health warnings that are noticeably milder compared to their predecessors. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of the new generation of Taiwanese cigarette warning labels in light of their recent redesign, using Witte’s Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Simultaneously, the validity of EPPM for explaining the outcomes of this study is also examined. For this qualitative study, a focus group was conducted. A total of nine participants, predominantly smokers, were interviewed about their opinions on the most recent iteration of anti-smoking labels on Taiwanese cigarette packages. The interview questions were structured to cater to the components of EPPM. The results from this study indicate that the current set of Taiwanese health warnings were considered largely ineffective and were subsequently rejected by the majority of participants. The most prominent cause was weak visual stimuli that failed to convey a credible threat. Additionally, external factors in the form of disengagement beliefs weakened perceptions of the labels in some instances. The findings from the study also concluded that reactions to the new Taiwanese health labels corresponded with the predictions made by EPPM. The major problems with Taiwanese health warnings would be addressed by increasing the graphicness of the images in favour of more confronting and realistic depictions of smoking hazards and by enlarging the label size.
32
Coyne, Jennifer Tressa. "Mammography screening : the role of the fear appeals and message framing, and the application of the health belief model and the extended parallel process model." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149749.
Full textAbstract:
Breast cancer is a prominent and severe disease affecting Australian women and a decrease in breast cancer mortality rates has been attributed to mammography screening. Phase one of this study tests the application of the Health Belief Model (HBM) with mammography screening behaviour, and further tests the value of an extended HBM involving three additional variables. Phase two of this study tests the Framing Postulate of Prospect Theory and attempts to explain results by using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and the HBM. Participants included 269 women aged 50 to 69 years and included women who do, and women who do not, obtain regular mammograms. Participation involved completing an initial survey before reading one of three framed messages randomly assigned, and completing a subsequent survey. Survey items were based on the HBM and the EPPM. Results showed that the basic 4-factor HBM was significantly associated with screening behaviour - despite only one core HBM factor, perceived barriers, having an association on its own. The extended 7-factor HBM was found to be significantly more associated with screening behaviour than the 4-factor HBM. Results of the present study provide support for the use of fear appeals but indicate the HBM does not adequately account for the perceived benefits of the appeals. Results further showed the EPPM accounted for pre-existing screening behaviour, but not for the effects of the fear appeal. Results suggest further clarification is required as to the effects and explanations of fear appeals and message framing in applied settings related to mammography screening.
33
Chou, Ching-En, and 周敬恩. "Fear appeals in news and their effects on individuals’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward nuclear power：A perspective from extended parallel process model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3n65az.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
傳播研究所
104
This study used Witte’s extended parallel process model (EPPM) to examine fear appeals in news and their effect on college students’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward nuclear power. Two methods were adopted to collect data for this study, the first of which was the method of content analysis. This study used content analysis to analyze fear appeals in 652 news stories. After content analysis, this study selected HH (high threat + high efficacy) and LL (low threat + low efficacy) news to be used in the experiment. A pretest-posttest experiment was adopted to test this study’s hypotheses. This study recruited 211 college students from eight universities as subjects for the experiment. The data analysis shows that the perceived HH group achieved persuasive outcomes, while the perceived LL group had a boomerang effect. Therefore, this study suggests that when using fear appeals in persuasion, HH messages should be adopted, while LL messages should be avoided.
34
Boenker, Madeline Lee. "Scared Textless: The Influence of Sensation Seeking Tendencies and Need for Cognition on Texting while Driving Fear Appeals." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9918.
Full textAbstract:
Texting is ubiquitous; the International Association for the Wireless Telecommunications Industry reported that 4.1 billion text messages were sent per day in the first half of 2009. In isolation, texting does not injure individuals; however, when combined with driving, lives have changed for the worse. The National Safety Council estimates that 1.6 million crashes per year can be attributed to distracted drivers either talking on cell phones or texting while driving and nearly 28 percent of all crashes in the United States can be ascribed to these behaviors. An increasing number of texting while driving fear appeal campaigns are being utilized in the media. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to create and test theoretically-based messages aimed at discouraging texting while driving.
Formative research along with the Extended Parallel Process Model was used for guidance in the creation of the fear appeal messages. No low threat message was used for the main study after repeated message validations failed. For the study, three high threat messages varied only by a single paragraph which targeted beliefs about benefits, mastery, and ubiquity of texting while driving. 155 undergraduates at Texas A & M University completed a pretest, read the high threat message, and answered a posttest. Need for cognition and sensation seeking tendencies were measured in order to understand the effects such personality traits have on message perceptions. Five major outcomes were revealed even though numerous hypotheses were unsupported. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and sensation seeking tendencies on message realism. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on message realism. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on message accuracy. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on attitudes. There was a significant positive correlation between perceived threat and perceived message sensation value.
This project provides support that sensation seeking tendencies and need for cognition do interacted with perceived threat on perceptions of message effectiveness and that perceived message sensation value was positively related to perceived threat. Results also revealed the prevalence of texting while driving behavior and relationships between personality traits and texting while driving. Sensation seeking tendencies were positively correlated with initiating text messages while driving. Need for cognition was negatively correlated with reading and replying to text messages while driving.
35
Lu, Pei-Chi, and 呂佩錡. "The Effects of Fear Appeals in News on College Students’ Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions toward Colorectal Cancer Prevention: A Study on Extended Parallel Process Model in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m2rz2p.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
傳播研究所
106
Using the Extended Parallel Process Model (the EPPM) as the theoretical framework, this study examined the effects of fear appeals on college students’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward colorectal cancer prevention. This study added 2 variables, message involvement and recipients’ copying styles, to the EPPM for improving the the predicting power of this model. Two methods were adopted, the first of which was content analysis. This study analyzed news reports on colorectal cancer of Taiwan’s major news media, from which news stories with high threat and high efficacy and news with low threat and low efficacy were selected. The second method was to conduct a pretest-posttest quasi experiement. This study recruited 505 college students and 322 students completed both the pretest and posttest. The data analysis shows that message involvement was able to significantly increase the variances for attitudes and behavioral intentions toward colorectal cancer prevention. In other words, this study found that message involvement was a significant mediator for the relationship between perceived threat /perceived efficacy and attitudes and behavioral intentions. Furthermore, this study did not find that recipients’ coping styles had a moderating effect for attitudes and behavioral intentions.
36
"Blurring Safety Between Online and Offline Worlds: Archival, Correlational, and Experimental Evidence of Generalized Threat in the Digital Age." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44025.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Decades of research in cyberpsychology and human-computer interaction has pointed to a strong distinction between the online and offline worlds, suggesting that attitudes and behaviors in one domain do not necessarily generalize to the other. However, as humans spend increasing amounts of time in the digital world, psychological understandings of safety may begin to influence human perceptions of threat while online. This dissertation therefore examines whether perceived threat generalizes between domains across archival, correlational, and experimental research methods. Four studies offer insight into the relationship between objective indicators of physical and online safety on the levels of nation and state; the relationship between perceptions of these forms of safety on the individual level; and whether experimental manipulations of one form of threat influence perceptions of threat in the opposite domain. In addition, this work explores the impact of threat perception-related personal and situational factors, as well as the impact of threat type (i.e., self-protection, resource), on this hypothesized relationship.
Collectively, these studies evince a positive relationship between physical and online safety in macro-level actuality and individual-level perception. Among individuals, objective indicators of community safety—as measured by zip code crime data—were a positive reflection of perceptions of physical safety; these perceptions, in turn, mapped onto perceived online safety. The generalization between perceived physical threat and online threat was stronger after being exposed to self-protection threat manipulations, possibly underscoring the more dire nature of threats to bodily safety than those to valuable resources. Most notably, experimental findings suggest that it is not the physical that informs the digital, but rather the opposite: Online threats blur more readily into physical domains, possibly speaking to the concern that dangers specific to the digital world will bleed into the physical one. This generalization of threat may function as a strategy to prepare oneself for future dangers wherever they might appear; and indeed, perceived threat in either world positively influenced desires to act on recommended safety practices. Taken together, this research suggests that in the realm of threat perception, the boundaries between physical and digital are less rigid than may have been previously believed.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2017
37
Richards, Jay. "The case for health behaviour model comparison and theoretical integration: comparing and combining predictions of models in order to optimise the prediction of health behaviours." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1308165.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The health behaviour literature is currently littered with theoretical models offering competing accounts of the determinants of health behaviour. However, despite the large amount of research there is still no consensus regarding which model/s are the most useful and accurate. A reason for this is that there are few studies comparing these models for their effectiveness in explaining health behaviour. One method of determining which health behaviour models are superior is directly comparing models for accuracy. Another method of improving the prediction of health behaviour may be theoretical integration – that is combining predictions of multiple models within the rich health behaviour literature in order to develop an integrated model with greater explanatory power than its constituent models. The four research studies presented herein represent examples of how model comparison and theoretical integration may be applied to identify the existing health behaviour models with greatest explanatory power and to increase the explanatory power of such models respectively. Study 1 investigates how fear-based messages impact on individuals’ health knowledge. It also investigates whether health knowledge contributes to the prediction of intentions to exercise or adopt a healthy diet after controlling for Protection Motivation Theory constructs. Results suggest that fear-based messages do not affect information retention and that health knowledge does not explain unique variance in behavioural intentions. Studies 2 and 3 compared the predictions of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Protection Motivation Theory. Study 2 was conducted in the context of smoking and Study 3 was conducted in the context of diet and exercise. An integrated model which combined the predictions of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Protection Motivation Theory was also devised and tested. Results of both studies suggested that the Theory of Planned Behaviour was the superior model – performing equivalently or better than Protection Motivation Theory in terms of accuracy for all health behaviours investigated. Investigating the integrated model highlighted relationships between constructs of both theories – most notably a consistent relationship between response-efficacy and attitudes. Finally, in Study 4 an integrated model combining the predictions of the Extended Parallel Process Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Stage Model and Risk Perception Attitude Framework is devised and tested. This model attempted to explain individuals’ responses to a fear-provoking health message based on their existing psychological characteristics and the message components. It was found that fear-provoking messages elicited little change in individuals’ perceptions of threat and efficacy and their attitudes and intentions. However, fear-provoking messages were associated with greater fear and maladaptive defensive responses – especially in those who were not already engaging in health protective behaviour. Numerous heretofore undiscovered associations between constructs of these models (e.g., individuals’ thoughts concerning the fear-provoking health message [Stage Model] being associated with reactance, defensive avoidance, self- and response-efficacy [Extended Parallel Process Model]) were also highlighted as a result of investigating the predictions of the integrated model. Taken together these findings suggest that model comparison can be utilised to identify the superior model from a candidate set of models. Further, theoretical integration can be utilised to increase the explanatory power of existing health behaviour models. Implications for theory and practice are discussed at length.
38
Chiu, Yuan-Ming, and 邱沅明. "Numerical Investigation of Carbontetrafluoride Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Considering Silicon Dioxide Etching Process Using a Parallel 2-D Axisymmetric Fluid Model." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92545327228983088562.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
機械工程學系
100
This thesis reports development and validation of a parallel 2-D axisymmetric plasma fluid model which includes the fluid modeling equations for plasma transport, the Maxwell’s equations for induced electric field, ambipolar diffusion for electrostatic electric field, and surface kinetic model for modeling SiO2 etching. This model is discretized by using the semi-implicit finite difference method with preconditioned Krylov subspace (KSP) method for discretized modeling equations. The fluid modeling code is parallelized using domain decomposition method through the use of MPI protocol. We employ this plasma fluid model to study plasma physics and chemistry of tetrafluoromethane (CF4) gas discharge considering the etching process of a SiO2 substrate in different inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources. The results show that CF3+ is the dominant charged species, and F- concentration is comparable to that of electron. Reactive F atom is the most dominant radical in CF4 discharge. In addition, the major etching products from the the substrate are SiF4, COF2 and O2 in all ICP reactors considered in this thesis. Finally, the results show that it is possible to design an ICP reactor with relatively high and uniform etching rate with both gas inlet and coil arranged along the cylindrical wall. Researches in this thesis are divided into four major parts. The first part is the description of the fluid moldeing equations. The second part is the numerical schemes and algorithms for solving the fluid modeling equations and corresponding parallel computing method. The third part is the description of validation and parallel performance of the parallel fluid modeling code. The fourth part is the description of applications of the developed fluid modeling code for study the CF4 discharge in various inductively coupled plasma sources. In the first part, the fluid modeling equations, derived from the velocity moments of Boltzmann equation, the Maxwell’s equations and the surface kinetic model are introduced in detail. The fluid modeling equations include the continuity equations for charged and neutral species, the electron energy density equation, the momentum equations by the drift-diffusion approximation for the charged species, the ambipolar diffusion approximation for the electrostatic field. The power absorption that is needed in electron energy equation is solved through the Maxwell’s equation. The surface kinetic model (or site balance equations) for CF4 discharge etching SiO4 is also introduced in this part. In the second part, the numerical schemes and algorithms for solving fluid modeling equations and the corresponding parallel computing method are introduced. The discretized equations are presented in detail. A combined method of preconditioning and Krylov subspace method (KSP) are proposed to solve the large sparse algebraic linear system formed at each time step. Parallel computing of the fluid modeling code using domain decomposition is also reported. In the third part, the validation and parallel performance of the developed parallel 2D axisymmetric plasma fluid model are reported. Simulations are compared reasonably well with the previous simulation and experimental results by Fukumoto et al. [26][74]. Parallel performance study shows that the fluid code is scalable up to 26 processors on the IBM-1350 at National Center for High-Performance Computing in Taiwan using the combination of GMRES and Block Jacobi with sub-preconditioner ILU with a problem size of 122×179. In the fourth part, we employ our developed and validated parallel plasma fluid model to study plasma physics and plasma chemistry of CF4 discharge in different geometries of ICP reactors: a typical ICP reactor, a GECRC, and a dome-shaped ICP reactor. The plasma chemistry includes 96 gas-phase reaction channels and 27 surface reaction channels. The spatial distributions of various plasma properties, etching characteristics, and production rate are described in detail in the both GECRC and dome-shaped ICP reactor. The numerical results indicate that CF3+ is the dominant charged species because the threshold energy of electron-impact dissociative ionization reacting with the feedstock that produces CF3+ is the lowest among all dissociative ionization. In addition, F- concentration is comparable to that of electron in the CF4 discharge because dissociative-attachment energy of CF4 is the lowest. Furthermore, the reactive F atom is found to be the most dominant radical in CF4 ICP discharge. The major etching products from the substrate are SiF4, COF2 and O2, which is consistent with the previous experimental observations. Meanwhile, this plasma fluid model is employed to study the etching characteristics in different geometries of ICPs reactor for predicting etching rate and corresponding uniformity on the substrate surface. The results show that the typical cylindrical ICP reactor with both gas inlet and coils arranged along the cylindrical wall gives relatively high and uniform etching rate because the dissociative ionization tends to peak off-axis to affect plasma density profile most likely off-axis so that the discharge region is flat and wide near the substrate. It proofs that this simulation tool could help to optimize the designs of large reactors with very low cost. Finally, major findings and recommendations for future study are outlined at the end of the thesis.
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Bakošová, Katarína. "Vícerozměrné bodové procesy a jejich použití na neurofyziologických datech." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387002.
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This thesis examines a multivariate point process in time with focus on a mu- tual relations of its marginal point processes. The first chapter acquaints the re- ader with the theoretical background of multivariate point processes and their properties, especially the higher-order cumulant-correlation measures. Later on, several models of multivariate point processes with different dependence structu- res are characterized, such as the random superposition model, a Poisson depen- dent superposition point process, a jitter Poisson dependent superposition point process orrenewal processes models. Simulations of each of them are provided. Furthermore, two statistical methods for higher-order correlations are presented; the cumulant based inference of higher-order correlations, and the extended til- ling coefficient. Finally, the introduced methods are applied not only on the data from simulations, but also on the real, simultaneously recorded nerve cells spike train data. The results are discussed. 1
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Fazlyn, Petersen. "The realisation of business benefits when implementing mandatory software in an IT department: a case study in a South African financial services organisation." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3479.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM)No organisation has an endless and unlimited supply of money, especially in a recessive economy, and therefore decisions have to be made as to which areas an organisation will invest in. As organisations, such as YZ1 financial services organisation, are focused on seeing returns on investment (ROI), implementing software that is not being used will not render any benefits to the organisation.Research problem: Project Managers (PMs) in YZ organisation’s IT department need to perform mandated processes, as defined in their centralised repository. PMs need to use Financial and Planning Software (FPS)2 software to perform certain project management activities, as required by their job function. However, it was found that MPP3 software, another tool, was used for more detailed project schedules, as well as activities that were not strictly enforced by management, the Project Office or the Quality Assurance team.Therefore, from this discovery, it was not clear whether the intended benefit of implementing this mandatory software (FPS) was being realised – since implementing software that is not being utilised fully would not deliver the intended benefits to the IT department (Devaraj & Kohli 2003), even if the software is termed ‘mandatory’.Objective: The primary objective of this research was to explore and optimise the key success factors for an effective implementation of mandatory software in a department, in order to derive the intended business benefits.Literature Review: Literature was reviewed in the search for models or theories that explore the relationship between the use of mandatory software and the achievement of business benefits. The Information Management Body of Knowledge (IMBOK) was selected as this framework defines the relationship between IT and the realisation of business benefits, and ultimately the achievement of any business strategy.The literature review focused predominantly on the level of user involvement, change management, as well as factors that influence the usage of mandatory software by individuals.1 The name of the organisation utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration 2 The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration and list of acronyms 3 The name of the tools utilised has been changed. Refer to Ethical Consideration and list of acronyms Focus was given to organisational factors affecting usage, such as top management support and organisational processes. A model was compiled using unique constructs in the Technology Acceptance Model (and TAM2), the Motivational Model (MM) and the Model of PC Utilisation (MPCU) – in order to test user acceptance of mandatory software.The literature study concludes with a review of an approach to benefits management including five stages, namely: identifying and structuring benefits, planning for the realisation of benefits, executing the plan, in addition to the evaluation and the review.Research design and methodology: A case study was used in this research, as it examined the phenomenon in its natural setting, employing multiple methods of data collection to gather information from a few entities (groups and data sources). In this way, it was not limited to only qualitative or quantitative approaches, but utilised mixed methods instead. A mixed methods approach was used in order to elaborate, enhance and clarify the results from the qualitative research through the results of the quantitative analysis.Findings: The main finding, based on the compilation of three models of user acceptance, proved that FPS was not being utilised as intended. There was also no evidence of an improvement in business operations. Therefore, benefits management was negatively impacted. Organisational processes were identified as the most important organisational factor, influencing the usage of FPS software. Own technological capability was considered to be the least important factor, as respondents believed that they had sufficient IT skills in order to learn how to use FPS software.Change management was rated negatively; and as a result, it impacted the usage of FPS, as users were not involved in the decision to implement, and had limited interaction in the implementation process. In addition, there was no evidence found that benefits management was conducted in the IT department; and therefore, the impact of using alternative software could not be quantitatively assessed.Recommendations: In concluding this research, it is recommended that the “best practice”,derived from the pertinent literate should be followed more diligently if YZ organisation is to benefit from the implementation of mandatory software. For example, in this research, it was found that top management’s support of FPS (second most important organisational factor influencing use) was lacking, despite the literature suggestion that senior management involvement in changing technology is crucial for organisational commitment.It is suggested that a more formal approach to benefits management should be implemented. It is also recommended that further study should be conducted – in order to explore the applicability of the Japanese framing (achieving benefits from IT software through the concept of strategic instinct, rather than strategic alignment) in the context of a developing country (such as South Africa).
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Konur, Savas, and Marian Gheorghe. "Proceedings of the Workshop on Membrane Computing, WMC 2016." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8840.
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yesThis Workshop on Membrane Computing, at the Conference of Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation (UCNC), 12th July 2016, Manchester, UK, is the second event of this type after the Workshop at UCNC 2015 in Auckland, New Zealand*. Following the tradition of the 2015 Workshop the Proceedings are published as technical report. The Workshop consisted of one invited talk and six contributed presentations (three full papers and three extended abstracts) covering a broad spectrum of topics in Membrane Computing, from computational and complexity theory to formal verification, simulation and applications in robotics. All these papers – see below, but the last extended abstract, are included in this volume. The invited talk given by Rudolf Freund, “P SystemsWorking in Set Modes”, presented a general overview on basic topics in the theory of Membrane Computing as well as new developments and future research directions in this area. Radu Nicolescu in “Distributed and Parallel Dynamic Programming Algorithms Modelled on cP Systems” presented an interesting dynamic programming algorithm in a distributed and parallel setting based on P systems enriched with adequate data structure and programming concepts representation. Omar Belingheri, Antonio E. Porreca and Claudio Zandron showed in “P Systems with Hybrid Sets” that P systems with negative multiplicities of objects are less powerful than Turing machines. Artiom Alhazov, Rudolf Freund and Sergiu Ivanov presented in “Extended Spiking Neural P Systems with States” new results regading the newly introduced topic of spiking neural P systems where states are considered. “Selection Criteria for Statistical Model Checker”, by Mehmet E. Bakir and Mike Stannett, presented some early experiments in selecting adequate statistical model checkers for biological systems modelled with P systems. In “Towards Agent-Based Simulation of Kernel P Systems using FLAME and FLAME GPU”, Raluca Lefticaru, Luis F. Macías-Ramos, Ionuţ M. Niculescu, Laurenţiu Mierlă presented some of the advatages of implementing kernel P systems simulations in FLAME. Andrei G. Florea and Cătălin Buiu, in “An Efficient Implementation and Integration of a P Colony Simulator for Swarm Robotics Applications" presented an interesting and efficient implementation based on P colonies for swarms of Kilobot robots. *http://ucnc15.wordpress.fos.auckland.ac.nz/workshop-on-membrane-computingwmc- at-the-conference-on-unconventional-computation-natural-computation/
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Feng, Zhuo. "Modeling and Analysis of Large-Scale On-Chip Interconnects." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7142.
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As IC technologies scale to the nanometer regime, efficient and accurate modeling
and analysis of VLSI systems with billions of transistors and interconnects becomes
increasingly critical and difficult. VLSI systems impacted by the increasingly high
dimensional process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations demand much more modeling
and analysis efforts than ever before, while the analysis of large scale on-chip
interconnects that requires solving tens of millions of unknowns imposes great challenges
in computer aided design areas. This dissertation presents new methodologies
for addressing the above two important challenging issues for large scale on-chip interconnect
modeling and analysis:
In the past, the standard statistical circuit modeling techniques usually employ
principal component analysis (PCA) and its variants to reduce the parameter
dimensionality. Although widely adopted, these techniques can be very
limited since parameter dimension reduction is achieved by merely considering
the statistical distributions of the controlling parameters but neglecting
the important correspondence between these parameters and the circuit performances
(responses) under modeling. This dissertation presents a variety of
performance-oriented parameter dimension reduction methods that can lead to
more than one order of magnitude parameter reduction for a variety of VLSI
circuit modeling and analysis problems.
The sheer size of present day power/ground distribution networks makes their
analysis and verification tasks extremely runtime and memory inefficient, and
at the same time, limits the extent to which these networks can be optimized.
Given today?s commodity graphics processing units (GPUs) that can deliver
more than 500 GFlops (Flops: floating point operations per second). computing
power and 100GB/s memory bandwidth, which are more than 10X greater
than offered by modern day general-purpose quad-core microprocessors, it is
very desirable to convert the impressive GPU computing power to usable design
automation tools for VLSI verification. In this dissertation, for the first time, we
show how to exploit recent massively parallel single-instruction multiple-thread
(SIMT) based graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms to tackle power grid
analysis with very promising performance. Our GPU based network analyzer
is capable of solving tens of millions of power grid nodes in just a few seconds.
Additionally, with the above GPU based simulation framework, more challenging
three-dimensional full-chip thermal analysis can be solved in a much more
efficient way than ever before.