Dissertations / Theses: 'Extension services'

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Simpson, Antony Paul. "An information services framework for commercial extension services." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8575.

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The first of the eight United Nations Millennium Development Goals for 2015 is to “Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger”. Achieving this goal would be aided by having an effective and productive agricultural community. Agricultural organisations assist producers to be more effective in their operation through Commercial Extension Services (CES). Through CES, producers are advised and educated about new agricultural practices, techniques and products. A key component of CES is the provision of relevant information to producers. The problem this research addressed was that producers experience difficulty in accessing the information they require in a timeous, relevant and personalised manner. No suitable framework was found for agricultural organisations to use when designing and implementing an Information Services Platform. The main research objective was to develop and evaluate an Information Services Framework (ISF) for organisations offering information as a CES. The research methodology used to achieve this objective was Design Science Research (DSR). DSR is an iterative methodology with three cycles, namely the relevance, the design and the rigor cycles. The relevance cycle was used to acquire the information required to inform the design cycle. The information was collected by using literature research and empirical studies. The first study, the Producer Information Requirements Survey (PIRS) sought to determine the information requirements of grain producers and was conducted by interviewing grain producers in the Swartland region of South Africa. The second study, the Internet and Mobile Device Usage Survey (IMDUS) investigated the use of the Internet and mobile devices amongst South African producers by means of a national on-line survey. The quantitative and qualitative results of the analysis were used during the design phase to develop the ISF. The design phase of DSR process led to the creation of an ISF for providing Information as a Service (IaaS) in CES. The framework allows for information services to be provided in a manner and form customised to an individual producer’s preferences. The foundation of the framework is that information can be sourced from various sources, internal or external to the organisation and distributed to producers by using a unified platform. During the research, an agricultural organisation, BKB GrainCo used the proposed ISF to develop an Information Services Platform (ISP) to provide information to its producers. BKB GrainCo’s development process included two evaluations. The first evaluation, the Information Preferences Prototype Survey, was intended to test a key component of the framework, the nformation Preferences Profile. The Information Preferences Profile was conceptualized following the PIRS. In the PIRS it was determined that individual producers would prefer to specify what information they would receive, when they required it and have it delivered by using a medium of their choice. The second evaluation of the design phase was a Usability Study. The Usability Study was intended to test the functionality of the system across various technologies. The rigor cycle, following the implementation of BKB GrainCo’s ISP, contained the main evaluation, the Information Services Platform Evaluation. The evaluation was used to test the impact of BKB GrainCo’s ISP on perception of received service. The evaluation used a standardised version of the standardised SERVQUAL instrument specifically adapted in this research to measure the provision of IaaS. The results obtained during the evaluation indicated that the BKB GrainCo’s Information Services Platform was found to be valued by producers and improved the communication services of agricultural organisations. It was inferred from the successful implementation of BKB GrainCo’s ISP and the positive response from producers, after the evaluations, that the developed ISF was suitable for an agricultural organisation to provide CES. The theoretical contributions included underpinning the concept of CES in terms of stakeholder theory. Its underpinning provides justification for agricultural organisations to improve CES – including the provision of information. A second theoretical contribution was the extension of SERVQUAL as an IS theory by developing and validating a dimension designed to test the provision of IaaS. Providing producers with accurate and reliable personalised information has the capacity to improve producers’ ability to make informed decisions. Informed decision making will contribute to having an effective and productive agricultural community; resulting in improvement of agricultural output and contributing to food security and job creation. Improved agricultural output, better food security and job creation are aspects which will contribute toward the attainment of the first of eight United Nations Millennium Development Goals for 2015, which is to “Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger”.

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Uddin, Mohammed Nasir. "Agricultural Extension Services In Bangladesh: A Review Study." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科技術・職業教育学研究室, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12150.

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Waechter, James B. "The Cooperative Extension Office at your service." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/491461.

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The purpose of this creative project was to develop a program on video tape that would briefly explain the local Cooperative Extension Office, the programs and the assistance available. Audio-visual material available prior to this consisted of one slide tape set approximately 10 years old. In the new video tape a short history of Extension, and an overview of each area of the local Extension Office are explained, using examples of how the local Extension Agents provide assistance to the community. The disciplines include 4-H, Agriculture, Family and Consumer Sciences and Community Development.Development of the video tape included planning, script writing, filming, editing and documentation of the project. The major task was to present the best, most informative material explaining the role of Extension with-out being long and boring. By showing preliminary tapes to control groups and making changes as suggested. A final format was established that should most effectively explain the Extension Office and its services.

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Lokshin, Kirill, Amit Puri, Dana Irvin, Frank Ross, and Rebecca Rush. "Implementing Real-time Provisioning for Space Link Extension (SLE) Service Instances." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581641.

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ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
Space Link Extension (SLE) is a set of recommended standards for mission cross support developed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The SLE recommendations define protocols for extending the space link from ground terminals to other facilities deeper within a ground network, allowing distributed access to space link telecommand and telemetry services. The SLE protocols are widely used to provide cross support between sites, programs, and agencies. In traditional SLE deployments, individual service instances have been manually provisioned well in advance of the commencement of cross support for a particular mission, and hardware and software resources have been allocated to those service instances at the time of provisioning. While valid, this approach requires that dedicated resources be provided for each mission and service instance, and limits an SLE provider's ability to reallocate resources in real time based on system availability or other factors. This paper discusses an alternative approach to SLE service provisioning, in which individual service instances are assigned resources from a common resource pool at the time that each service instance is initialized. The paper addresses the key design elements and technical tradeoffs involved in this approach, and discusses the potential benefits with regard to load balancing, equipment reuse, and resiliency against system failure.

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Brosi, Fred. "CCSDS SPACE LINK EXTENSION (SLE) SERVICES -- OVERVIEW AND PROGRESS REPORT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605581.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) Services enable the ground segment assets of space agencies to interoperate, allowing for ground stations and space data users to interact without the need for ad hoc, complicated gateways designed specifically for each new mission. Their goal is to reduce the development, management, and operational costs of providing cross support between space organizations for exchange of tracking, telemetry, and command (TT&C) data. SLE services are actively supporting over a dozen spacecraft, with many more planned over the next few years. This paper first presents an overview of the underlying SLE architecture, as defined in the SLE Reference Model. The SLE data transfer services, which move data between mission facilities and ground stations are defined, along with the management services that enable missions to make requests for ground station services. Next, up-to-date status of the testing, prototyping, and implementation of SLE services over the past few years is presented, as well as plans for adoption of SLE services by a number of space networks and space mission organizations. Finally, efforts to adapt SLE services to support legacy missions are briefly described.

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Bohn, Hendrik. "Web service composition for embedded systems : WS-BPEL extension for DPWS /." Göttingen : Sierke, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99274900X/04.

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Bultume, Mulugeta Debel. "Utilization of the health extension program services in Akaki district Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1771.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
The Health Extension Program (HEP) is an innovative, community based comprehensive primary health care program that Ethiopia introduced in 2003. It gives special emphasis to the provision of preventive and promotive services at community and household level. However, utilization of the HEP packages is low and reasons for this underutilization are not well known. The aim of this study is to assess the availability and utilization of the Health Extension Program Service in Akaki District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey design. The study was conducted in Akaki District of Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia with 79,162 inhabitants. Random sampling was used to select 355 households. A structured data collection tool/ questionnaire was employed to collect data from the study participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 19. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socio demographic characteristics of the study participants and to assess the availability and utilization of each service component. The response rate of the study was 100% with complete data obtained from 335 (94.4%) of the households. The majority (93.1%) of respondents were women. The availability of HEP services as described by the household visit of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) is very high with 86.6% visiting at least monthly and 11.3% visited sometimes. There was a highly significant association between the health extension workers’ visit to households and health extension service utilization during pregnancy (OR=16.913, 95% CI 8.074-35.427 at p<0.001). HIV testing utilization showed a tenfold increase among households who received education. Participation of households in the Model family initiative was another key factor associated with high levels of HEP services utilization. Though HEP services are available for most households, the frequency of household visits by HEWs and the involvement of Households in model family training greatly influenced service utilization. Improving frequency of services availability at household level and consistent health education will greatly improve services utilization.

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Ackah-Nyamike, Edward Ernest. "Expanding the funding base for public agricultural extension delivery in Ghana : an analysis of farmer willingness to pay for extension services." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288736.

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Lokshin, Kirill, Amit Puri, Dana Irvin, Frank Ross, and Rebecca Rush. "Implementing Space Link Extension (SLE) for Very High Rate Space Links." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581642.

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ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
Space Link Extension (SLE) is a set of recommended standards for mission cross support developed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The SLE recommendations define protocols for extending the space link from ground terminals to other facilities deeper within a ground network, allowing distributed access to space link telecommand and telemetry services. The SLE protocols are widely used to provide cross support between sites, programs, and agencies. Traditional SLE protocol implementations have been limited in their ability to support high data rates and large numbers of concurrent service instances. Such limited solutions were sufficient to support the needs of spacecraft health and status or older, low-rate science data. More recent missions, however, have required significantly increased data rates on both uplink and downlink paths, necessitating a new approach to SLE implementation. This paper discusses the design principles involved in implementing the SLE protocols in support of high channel and aggregate mission data rates, with particular focus on the tradeoffs necessary to provide SLE link capability at sustained single-channel rates above 1 Gigabit per second. The paper addresses significant performance bottlenecks in the conventional SLE protocol stack and proposes potential mitigation strategies for them.

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Mwangwela, Dennis Lusekelo. "Towards appropriate institutional linkage structures for effective participatory and coordinated agricultural extension in Malawi." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-094422.

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Katageri, Suchindra. "Standards-based infrastructure for dynamic extension of network management services using mobile code." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000718.

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Naji, Riad A. "Congruity between theory, policy, and practice in the provision of extension services for resource poor farmers by the extension system in Syria." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276182.

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Lahai, Bernadette A. N. "Effectiveness of agricultural extension agents in reaching farmers with extension services in Oyo, Kaduna and Rivers State Agricultural Development Projects in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242339.

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Steinke, Jonathan. "New opportunities for agricultural extension services: Mainstreaming large-scale farmer participation through modern ICT." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20903.

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Kleinbäuerliche Haushalte im Globalen Süden sind zunehmend gefordert, ihre landwirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten an globale Veränderungen anzupassen. Landwirtschaftliche Beratungsdienste (extension services) stoßen vielerorts auf Schwierigkeiten, eine wachsende rurale Bevölkerung mit heterogenen Informationsbedürfnissen adäquat zu erreichen. Die zunehmende Verbreitung moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) hat in jüngster Zeit neue Möglichkeiten geschaffen, Information weitreichend zu verbreiten. Gleichzeitig bietet digitale Kommunikation aber auch Möglichkeiten, große Zahlen von Bäuerinnen und Bauern in der Erzeugung von Wissen und Information einzubinden. Durch digitale Kanäle können landwirtschaftliche Beratungsdienste systematisch Daten-Inputs von ihrer Zielgruppe erheben, sie aggregiert verarbeiten, und auf dieser Grundlage ihre Dienstleistung verbessern. Diese Dissertationsschrift präsentiert drei Machbarkeitsstudien zu verschiedenen Strategien zur Einbindung großer Zahlen von Bäuerinnen und Bauern in der landwirtschaftlichen Beratung mittels moderner IKT. Eine erste Studie untersucht die Machbarkeit und den Nutzen digital unterstützter landwirtschaftlicher „Bürgerwissenschaft“ (citizen science) zur Einbindung von Bäuerinnen und Bauern in der Wissensgenerierung. Eine zweite Studie passt den „Positive Deviance-Ansatz“ an multi-dimensionale kleinbäuerliche Entwicklung an. Eine dritte Studie präsentiert und testet ein Verfahren zur Nutzung von „Zwei-Wege-Kommunikation“ über Mobiltelefone, um die automatisierte, individuelle Priorisierung von Beratungsinhalten in kleinbäuerlichem Kontext zu verbessern. Auf Basis der vorgelegten Erkenntnisse aus drei unabhängigen Machbarkeitsstudien macht die Dissertationsschrift Vorschläge, wie landwirtschaftliche Beratungsdienste im Globalen Süden die Herausforderungen der großen Zahl und starken Heterogenität kleinbäuerlicher Haushalte mit effizienter, systematischer Nutzung digitaler Medien begegnen können.
Smallholder farmers across the Global South increasingly need to adapt their farming activities to fast-paced changes. Worldwide, agricultural extension services face the challenge of reaching a large and growing clientele with highly diverse information needs. In recent years, increased penetration of modern information and communication technology (ICT) has created new opportunities for disseminating agricultural information. At the same time, digital communication can also allow the involvement of large numbers of farmers in the creation and aggregation of relevant knowledge and information. By collecting well-defined data inputs from farmers and processing these data in systematic ways, agricultural advisory services can potentially improve their overall performance towards a large and heterogeneous clientele. Through three proof-of-concept studies, this dissertation delivers empirical evidence on the feasibility of different ways of employing modern ICT to harness large-scale farmer participation in agricultural extension. A first study explores the feasibility and usefulness of digitally-enabled agricultural citizen science for involving large numbers of farmers in knowledge generation. A second study adapts the ‘Positive Deviance approach’ to multi-dimensional agricultural development and delivers evidence on its feasibility. A third study suggests and tests a procedure for employing two-way communication through mobile phone interfaces for improving the targeting of agricultural advisory messages in smallholder context. Based on the empirical evidence from these three independent proof-of-concept studies, the dissertation suggests how agricultural extension services in the Global South can address the challenges of scale and complexity in smallholder farming context through increased methodological pluralism, greater farmer participation, and efficient, systematic use of digital media.

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Ngcayi, Qaqambile Quintin. "Service delivery, the state and NGO's: the case of Peddie extension, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020135.

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This study intends to assess the roles of the State and non-governmental organisation in community development with regard to housing provision. Peddie Extension in Ngqushwa Municipality was chosen and used as an area of study. The study is based on the assumption that the State has not been performing or has performed poorly in its role as provider of houses in the rural areas of Ngqushwa Local Municipality in Peddie Extension. The study comprises of five chapters. The study was designed to assess whether the community members from the Peddie Extension are satisfied with the housing delivery process and how they have benefitted from the process. Additionally, it was designed to understand, and analyse the roles played by the State and non-governmental organisations in housing delivery for the poor people in rural Peddie Extension. The study tried to review the available literature regarding the role of State and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in community development in an effort to have a broader understanding of their role in housing delivery in the rural area in Peddie Extension. This study adopted a qualitative approach and took the form of exploratory research. The researcher selected purposively the participants for interviews namely, residents of Peddie Extension in the Ngqushwa Municipality, a Municipality official and non-governmental organisation (NGO) official. The research methodology and the interpretation of the research findings are described. The research findings of the qualitative research were analysed and reported on. Finally, plenty of conclusions that were arrived at during the study, followed by specific recommendations were made.

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Ntsatsi, Kgomotso Sejamore. "Needs and participation in rural development : a study of extension programmes in a Botswana village." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7022.

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Groult, Benjamin. "Extension d'une méthode de modification structurale pour la conception de dispositifs dissipatifs intégrant des matériaux viscoélastiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1074.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étendre une méthode de modification structurale pour la conception de dispositifs dissipatifs destinés à corriger durablement le comportement vibratoire de certaines structures. La première partie du travail pose les bases théoriques de la modélisation des structures amorties et plus particulièrement des structures viscoélastiques. Une étude de conception de structures amortissantes intégrant des matériaux viscoélastiques est ensuite réalisée sur un démonstrateur expérimental représentatif de structures qu'EDF envisage d'amortir. La réalisation de la modification dissipative permet d'en mesurer expérimentalement les performances, qui sont comparées à celles prédites par la modélisation numérique. Ce travail de conception numérique met en lumière les limites des méthodes classiques de conception dans le contexte imposé par EDF (modèle non recalé, structures complexes, accès aux mesures limité…). La seconde partie consiste donc à utiliser une méthode de modification structurale adaptée pour prédire l'effet de la modification dissipative proposée dans cette thèse. La méthode choisie, basée sur une formulation modale du couplage, a déjà été éprouvée au sein d'EDF, dans un cadre de structures non ou faiblement amorties. L'ajout d'un terme d'amortissement et d'une dépendance fréquentielle du comportement (intrinsèque aux matériaux viscoélastiques) imposent quelques adaptations à la méthode. Une fois les évolutions apportées, la robustesse de la méthode est étudiée à travers quelques points sensibles de son application. L'utilisation de la modification précédemment conçue permet une validation expérimentale sur un cas relativement complexe
The aim of this work is to extend the use of a structural dynamic modification method to cases of damping device design. These devices are meant to improve the mechanical behaviour of some structures used by EDF (Electricité de France). The first step of the work is to give theoretical bases on the modelling of heavily damped structures and especially viscoelastic ones. One then performs a design study for an experimental testbed that is representative of structures EDF wants to treat. The performance of the damping device is evaluated experimentally and compared with the numerical results. This numerical design study highlights the limitations of classical design methods in the context of industrial exploitation of EDF (non updated models, complex structures, access to measurements limited). The second part of the work thus deals with the adaptation of a structural dynamic modification method to the case of the proposed damped modification. The chosen method is based on a modal coupling formulation that has been tested within EDF on undamped applications. But the method needs some adaptations because of the use of damping terms in equations and the fact that the mechanical behaviour is frequency dependant (a characteristic of viscoelastic materials). The robustness of the method is then analyzed through some points that are important for its application. The method is experimentally validated through the testbed

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Gebrehiwet, Tesfay Gebregzabher. "No woman should die while giving life : Does the Health Extension Program improveaccess to maternal health services in Tigray, Ethiopia?" Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101210.

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Abstract:

Introduction: Ensuring access to universal primary health care is essential to secure a safe and pleasant motherhood and to provide compassionate care for mothers and newborns.However, inequalities in the access to maternal health services still remain a prominent problem in many countries. As part of reducing inequalities, Ethiopia launched the Health Extension Program (HEP) in 2003. The HEP is a community based program designed with a defined package of essential promotive, preventive and basic curative services targeting households, particularly mothers and children. Despite the construction of over 600 health posts and deploying more than 1200 Health Extension Workers (HEWs), preliminary data suggests a low utilization of maternal health care services. This thesis explores the HEP contribution in improving women’s access to maternal health care, and the reasons for the low use of maternal health care services from the perspectives of the involved actors in the Tigray region in Ethiopia. The five dimensions of access were used as a framework to explore the access to maternal health care utilization in this setting. Methods: A total of four districts were included in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. In the first sub-study, we assessed the HEP and its association with change in the utilization of antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services. Retrospective longitudinal data for 10 years was extracted from three selected districts and checked for accuracy. Segmented linear regression technique was used to control the secular trends adjusted for correlation of the data. For the second sub-study, we conducted a cross sectional survey with 1115 women (aged 15-49 years who had given birth within five years prior to the survey period) to determine the prevalence of antenatal care and institutional delivery utilization and explore their determinant factors of low utilization. For the third sub-study, we conducted six focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 51 women to explore women’s experiences of childbirth and maternal care. An interview with eight HEWs and four midwives were carried out to capture health workers’ perspective on access to maternal health care services in the fourth sub-study. Grounded theory for the former, and thematic analysis for the latter were used for the analysis. Main findings: The finding of the first sub-study showed a statistically significant upward trend for delivery care (DC) and postnatal care (PNC) in all facilities during the HEP late implementation period (July 2008-June 2012). In addition, a substantial trend of antenatal care (ANC) service use was observed at health centres after the intervention. In the second sub-study, the determinant predictors for ANC utilization were: proximity to health facilities, to be married, ≥5 years of education and having non-farming husbands. The last three factors were also significantly associated with institutional delivery, but also lower parity, previous history of obstructed/prolonged labour and ANC counselling. Findings from the qualitative studies pointed out that elderly women influenced women’s decision making about where to give birth. Women were mostly positive about giving birth at health facilities, but were concerned about the poor quality of care, inaccessibility and unavailability of transport. From the health workers’ perspective: specialized performance of hospital services, community assistance during referral and an increased awareness among women regarding the benefits of giving birth at a health facility were perceived as facilitators for institutional deliveries. Poor perceived competence of HEWs, poor conditions of health care facilities and inaccessibility of transportation, among others, were perceived as barriers for giving birth at health facilities. Conclusion: Overall, this research revealed a considerable contribution of the HEP in improving the access and coverage of maternal health services (ANC, DC and PNC). However, cultural traditions, scattered localities, mountainous roads without adequate transportation and low quality of care are still the major obstacles to accessing the services. Mechanisms need to be designed to enable health facility access of safe delivery for women in hard to reach areas, improving the proficiency of health workers and introducing a women centered approach that enhances acceptability of the services.
ሽፋን መሰረታዊ ክንክን ጥዕና ምዕባይ ድሕንነት ኣዴታትን ህፃናትን ንኽረጋገፅ ዝለዓለ ተራ ከምዘለዎ ይፍለጥ፡፡ ይኹንደኣምበር ግልጋሎት ጥዕና ኣዴታት ብማዕረ ኣብ ምብፃሕን ብምዕሩይ ኣገባብ ኣብ ምሃብን ብዙሓት ሃገራት እናተፀገማ እየን፡፡ ነዚ ዘይምዕሩይን ማዕረ ዘይኾነን ኣዋህባ ግልጋሎት ጥዕና ንምምሕያሽ ኣብ ሃገርና (ኢትዮጵያ) ብ1994-1995 (ብአቆፃፅራ ግእዝ) ዝተኣታተወ ፕሮግራም ምግፋሕ ጥሙር ጥዕና ቤተሰብ (Health Extension Program/HEP) 10 ዓመታት ኣሕሊፉ ይርከብ፡፡ ፕሮግራም ምግፋሕ ጥሙር ጥዕና (HEP)፣ ሕብረተሰብ መሰረት ዝገበረ-ምክልኻል ሕማማትን ምስጓም ጥዕናን - ምትእትታው ግልጋሎት ሕክምና ቀለልቲ ሕማማትን ብፍላይ ድማ ንኣዴታትን ህፃናትን ትኹረት ብምግባር ስድራ ቤት ብምሕቋፍ ዝንቀሳቐስ ፕሮግራም እዩ፡፡ እዚ ፕሮግራም ንምትግባር ኣብ ክልል ትግራይ ልዕሊ 600 ኬላታት ጥዕና ተሃኒፀን፡፡ ልዕሊ 1200 ሞያተኛታት ጥሙር ጥዕና እውን ሰልጢነን እየን፡፡ ክልተ ሞያተኛታት ኣብ ሓደ ኬላ ጥዕና ተመዲበን ካብ 5000-7000 በዝሒ ንዘለዎ ሕብረተሰብ ግልጋሎት እናሃባ ይርከባ፡፡ እንተኾነ ግን ዝተፈላለዩ መፅናዕታታት ከምዘመላኽትዎ ግልጋሎት ኣዴታት ጥዕና (ወሊድን ድሕሪ ወሊድን) ትሑት ሽፋን ከምዘለዎ ይሕበር፡፡ ዕላማ እዚ ዝገበርናዮ መፅናዕቲ እውን ኩነታት እቲ ግልጋሎት ብኣሃዝ ንምዕቃንን ከምኡ እውን ምኽንያታት እቲ ትሑት ግልጋሎት ንምድህሳስን እዩ፡፡ ኣብዚ መፅናዕቲ እዚ ምኽንያታት ትሑት ሽፋን ግልጋሎት ክንክን ጥንሲ ወሊድን ድሕረ ወሊድን እንታይ ምዃኑ ካብ ሕሉፍ ልምዲ (ተሞክሮ) ኣዴታትን ሰብ ሞያ ጥዕናን ብዝርዝር ብምድህሳስ - ፕሮግራም ምግፋሕ ጥሙር ጥዕና ንቐረብ ግልጋሎት ኣዴታት ጥዕና ንምምሕያሽ ዘለዎ ኣስተዋፅኦ እንታይ ከምዝመስል ተተንቲኑ ቐሪቡ ኣሎ፡፡ እቲ ቀረብ ግልጋሎት ጥዕና ሓሙሽተ መዐቀኒታት ብዘለዎ ፍሬም ዎርክ እዩ ተዳህሲሱ እቶም ሓሙሽተ መመዘኒታት 1. ቅርበት ትካል ጥዕናን ሰብ ሞያ ጥዕናን ንተገልገልቲ 2. ህልውነት ሰብ ሞያ ጥዕናን ናውትን ድሌት ተገልገልትን 3. ሰብ ሞያ ጥዕና ብተገልገልቲ ዘለዎም ተቐባልነት 4. ትካል ጥዕና ንድሌት ተገልገልቲ ንምዕጋብ ዘለዎ ድልውነት 5. ተገልገልቲ ወፃኢታት ሕክምና ንምሽፋን/ንምኽፋል ዘለዎም ድሌትን ዓቕምን እዮም፡፡ እዞም ሓሙሽተ መዐቀኒታት መሰረት ዝገበሩ ኣርባዕተ ዓይነታዊን አሃዛዊን ሜላታት ብምጥቃም ዝተኻየዱ መፅናዕትታት ኣብ ኣብ 4ተ ወረዳታት ትግራይ እዮም ተኻይዶም፡፡ ኣብቲ ቀዳማይ መፅናዕቲ ፕሮግራም ምግፋሕ ጥሙር ጥዕና ቤተሰብ (HEP) ኣብ ምምሕያሽ ክንክን ጥንሲ-ወሊድን-ድሕረ ወሊድን ግልጋሎት ዘምፅኦ ለውጢ ኣብ ሰለስተ ወረዳታት (ጋንታአፈሹም፤ ክልተ ኣውላዕሎ፣ ሕንጣሎ ዋጅራት) ንዝሓለፉ 10 ዓመታት ኣብ ዝተዋህበ ግልጋሎት ብምድራኽ እዩ ዳህሰሳ ተኻይዱ፡፡ ትኽክለኛነት እቲ ፀብፃብ እውን ካብ ትካላት ጥዕና ዝተልኣኸ ወርሓዊ ኣብ ወረዳ ምስ ዘሎ ፀብፃብ ብምንፅፃር ንኽረጋግፅ ተገይሩ እዩ፡፡ እቲ ካልኣይ መፅናዕቲ ኣብ ወረዳ ሰሓርቲ ሳምረ ካብ 19 ጣብያታት ካብ ዝተመረፃ 30 ቑሸታት ዕድሚአን ካብ 15-49 ዓመት ምስ ዝኾና 1115 ደቂኣንስትዮ ኣስታት 30 ደቓይቕ ዝወደአ ቃለ መሕትት ብምኽያድ እዩ ዳህሰሳ ተኻይዱ፡፡ ኣብ ወሊድ ግልጋሎት ዘሎ ልምድን ተሞክሮን ንምድህሳስ 51 ኣዴታት ዝተሳተፋሉ ሽዱሽተ ጉጅላዊ ምይይጥ በቲ ሳልሳይ መፅናዕቲ ምርምር ዝተፈፀመ እንትኾን ምስ ሸሞንተ ሞያተኛታት ጥሙር ጥዕናን ኣርባዕተ ነርስ መዋልዳንን ቃለ መሕትት ብምኽያድ እቲ 4ይ ምርምር/መፅናዕቲ ተፈፂሙ እዩ፡፡ ውፅኢት ቀዳማይ መፅናዕታዊ ፅሑፍ ኣብዚ ቐዳማይ መፅናዕቲ እቶም ዝተአከቡ መረዳእታት ኣብ ሰለስተ ደረጃታት - ቅድመ ፕሮግራም-ፕሮግራም-ድሕረ ፕሮግራም ብዝብል ዝተመቐሉ እዮም፡፡ እቲ ቐንዲ ዕላማ ፕሮግራም ምግፋሕ ጥሙር ጥዕና ድሕሪ ምጅማር ዝተራእየ ለውጢ ንምፍታሽ እዩ፡፡ ኣብ ድሕሪ እቲ ፕሮግራም ካብ 2001-2004 ዓ/ም ብዝተኻየዱ ንጥፈታት ጥዕና ግልጋሎት ወሊድን ድሕረ ወሊድን ኣብ ኩለን ትካላት ጥዕና ካብ ዓመት ናብ ዓመት ልዑል ኣዝማሚያ እናርኣየ ከምዝኸደ ብስታቲስቲካዊ መረዳእታ ንምርግጋፅ ተኻኢሉ እዩ፡፡ ብተመሳሳሊ ኣብዚ ወቕቲ እዚ ኣዝማሚያ ግልጋሎት ክንክን ጥንሲ ኣብ ጥዕና ጣቢያታት ጥራሕ እናለዓለ ከምዝኸደ ውፅኢት እቲ መፅናዕቲ የረድእ፡፡ እቲ መፅናዕቲ ከም ዘረድኦ ሽፋን ክንክን ጥንሲ ብ1995 ካብ ዝነበሮ 28.2% ብ2004 ናብ 46.7 ክምዝለዓለ፤ ግልጋሎት ወሊድ ብ1995 ካብ ዝነበሮ 5% ዝነበረ ናብ 23% ከምዝደየበ ድሕረ ወሊድ ግልጋሎት እውን 11% ዝነበረ ናብ 41% ከምዝለዓለ ንምርዳእ ተኻኢሉ ኣሎ፡፡ ውፅኢት ካልኣይ መፅናዕታዊ ፅሑፍ ኣዴታት ግልጋሎት ክንክን ጥንሲ ኣብ ጥዕና ጣቢያ ንኽጥቀማ ቅርበት ትካላት ጥዕና ንመንበሪ ገዛውቲ፣ ሓዳር ምግባር፣ ልዕሊ 5 ዓመት ስሩዕ ትምህርቲ ምምሃርን ካብ ሕርሻ ወፃኢ ኣብ ካልእ ስራሕቲ ዝተዋፈሩ ሰብ ሓዳር ምህላው ወሰንቲ ኣካላት ምዃኖም በቲ ዝተገብረ ካልኣይ መፅናዕቲ ተረጋጊፁ፡፡ ብተመሳሳሊ ኣብ እዋን ክንክን ጥንሲ ንኣዴታት ምኽሪ ግልጋሎት ምሃብ ቅድመ ታሪኽ ዝንጉዕ ሕርሲ ወይ ሃልኪ ምንባር እውን ኣብ ትካላት ጥዕና ወሊድ ግልጋሎት ንኽመሓየሽ ወሰንቲ ኩነታት ከምዝኾኑ በቲ መፅናዕቲ ተረጋጊፁ፡፡ ብሓፈሻ ፕሮግራም ምግፋሕ ጥሙር ጥዕና ቤተሰብ (HEP) ቀረብ ግልጋሎት ጥዕናን ሽፋን ክንክን ጥንሲ ወሊድን ድሕረ ወሊድ ግልጋሎትን ኣብ ምምሕያሽ ዝተፃወቶ ተራ ትርጉም ዘለዎ ምዃኑ በቲ ዝገበርናዮ መፅናዕቲ ንምርዳእ ተኻኢሉ ኣሎ፡፡ እንተኾነ ግን ባህላዊን ልማዳዊን ኩነታት (ኣብ ገዛ ክትወልድ ምድላይ- ነፍሰፁር ዓይኒሰብ ከይረኽባ ኢልካ ምእማን) - ተበቲኖም ዝሰፈሩ ነበርቲ ምህላው - ኣፀገምቲን ዓቐብ ቁልቁልን ጎቦታትን ዝበዝሖም መንገድታትን እኹል መጉዓዝያ ዘይምህላውን ቀንዲ ሃልኪታትን ዕንቅፋታትን እቲ ዝወሃብ ግልጋሎት ምዃኖም ኣብዚ መፅናዕቲ ተገሊፁ እዩ፡፡ ብተወሳኺ ኣብ ላዕለዎት ትካላት ጥዕና ዘይብሩህ ገፅን ሰሓባይ ኣቀራርባ ሰብ ሞያ ጥዕና ዘይምህላውን ተቐባልነት ዘይብሎም ባህሪያት ምንፅብራቕን ነቲ ግልጋሎት ዝዓዘዘ ዕንቅፋት ከምዘለዎ በቲ መፅናዕቲ ንምርዳእ ተኻኢሉ እዩ፡፡ ማይን መብራህትን ዝኣመሰሉ ትሕቲ ቕርፂ ኣብ ኬላታት ጥዕና ዘይምህላዉ ኣዴታት ኣብ ቀረበአን ዘሎ ትካል ጥዕና ንኽወልዳ ዘየተባብዕ ከምዝኾነ እውን ተሓቢሩ እዩ፡፡ ውፅኢት ሳልሳይን ራብዓይን መፅናዕታዊ ፅሑፍ ኣብ ሳልሳይ መፅናዕቲ ምስ ኣዴታት ብዝተገበረ ምይይጥ - ኣደ እትወልደሉ ቦታ ባዕላ ንኽትውስን ከምእነሓጎታት ዝመሰላ ዕድመ ዝደፍኣ ኣዴታትን ፀቕጢ (ተፅእኖ) ከምዝግበረላ እቶም መፅናዕቲታት ይሕብሩ፡፡ ዋላ አኳ ኣብ ትካል ጥዕና ብዛዕባ ምውላድ ኣዎንታዊ ኣረኣእያ ኣዴታት ዝዓዘዘ እንተኾነ ብዛዕባ ድኹም ኣዋህባ አገልግሎት ጥዕና ኣዝዩ ከምዘተሓሳስበን እቲ መፅናዕቲ ይገልፅ፡፡ ትካል ጥዕና ናብ መንበሪ ኣዴታት ዘለዎ ርሕቐትን መጓዓዓዚ ዘይምርካብ ዝኣመሰሉ ፀገማት ከምዘገድስወን እውን እቲ መፅናዕቲ ይሕብር፡፡ ኣብቲ ራብዓይ መፅናዕቲ ብወገን ሞያተኛታት ጥሙር ጥዕናን ነርስ መዋልዳንን ብዝተገበረ ምይይጥ - ኣብ ሆስፒታል ዝዋሃቡ ዝሐሹ ግልጋሎት ኣዴታት ካብ ታሕተዋይ ትካል ጥዕና ናብ ሆስፒታላት ሪፈር እንትበሃላ ኣብ ምጉዕዓዝ ብሕብረተሰብ ዝግበር ምትሕግጋዝ ከምኡ እውን እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ግንዛበ ሕብረተሰብ ኣዴታት ኣብ ትካል ጥዕና ንኽወልዳ መሳለጢ ከምዝኾነ እቲ ፅንዓት የረድእ፡፡ ዓቕሚ ምንኣስ ሞያተኛታት ጥሙር ሞያተኛታት ጥሙር ጥዕናን ነርስ መዋልዳንን - ድኹም ኩነታት ትካል ጥዕናን (ሕፅረት ናውቲ ጥዕና ምህላዉ - ትሕቲ ቅርፂ ዘይምምላእ) ፀገም መጉዓዝያን እውን ኣዴታት ኣብ ትካል ጥዕና ንኸይወልዳ ዕንቅፋታት ከምዝኾነ እቲ ፅንዓት የመላኽት፡፡ መጠቓለሊ እቶም ዝተጠቐሱ ዕንቅፋታትን ፀገማትን ብምንካይ ቀረብ ወሊድ ግልጋሎት ጥዕና ንምዕባይ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ፃዕሪታት ምክያድ ይግባእ፡፡ ኣብ ጎቦታትን ኣዝዩ ርሑቕን ኣፀገምትን ዝሰፈረ ሕብረተሰብ ካብቲ ልሙድ ዝተፈለየ ቀረብ ግልጋሎት ጥዕና ምሃብ (ንኣብነት ካብ ጥዕና ጣቢያ ኣዝየን ዝርሕቓ ኬላታት ጥዕና ክእለት ዘለወን ነርስ መዋልዳን (midwives) ምምዳብ - ኣደ ማእኸል ዝገበረ ግልጋሎት ንኽወሃብ ሰብ ሞያ ጥዕና ብዓቕሚ ንኽዓብዩ ምግባርን ነቶም ሓሙሽተ መዐቀኒታት ቀረብ ግልጋሎት ብምምላእ ኣብቲ ሕብረተሰብ ተቐባልነት እቲ ግልጋሎት ክዓቢ ምግባርን፡፡

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Namyenya, Angella [Verfasser], and Regina [Akademischer Betreuer] Birner. "Strengthening accoutability in public agricultural extension services : a case study from Uganda / Angella Namyenya ; Betreuer: Regina Birner." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239729391/34.

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Committee, Local RDP. "Application for RDP funds in terms of the “extension of municipal services presidential lead programme’’ as programme managed by the Department of Constitutional Affairs." Department of Constitutional Affairs, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66131.

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The majority of the residents of Khutsong are employed at mines in the area south of Carletonville (stretching form East Driefontein in the east to Deelkraal in the west), as well as in Carletonville itself. The large majority of these people are dependant on public transport for commuting to work, for undertaking trips for shopping purposes and for going to school. The condition of the road network in Khutsong is of such a nature that large areas are totally inaccessible to public transport (especially in the rainy season) resulting in a situation where large numbers of people have to walk unacceptable long distances between their places of residence and public transport routes. A comprehensive programme have been embarked upon in consultation with the community to rectify this situation.

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Aurin, Aleigh. "Barriers, Roles, and Information Source Preferences for Utilizing Agricultural Science Projects Among Utah 4-H Extension Professionals." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7527.

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Agriscience is the growing study of biotechnology, business, and economics within the agriculture industry. Through 4-H, youth can experience hands on learning through different program areas. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers, roles, and how Utah 4-H personnel preferred to learn about new programs. The study showed time and available volunteers were a barrier for 4-H Extension personnel to implement Agriscience projects. Other results included internet and workshops as the top choices for training programs. The Extension personnel agreed it was their job to involve and educate youth. Yet, need training in how to integrate Robotics; Biotechnology; Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), and Agriscience into their existing program areas.

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Sekokotla, Malesela James. "Assessing implementation of veterinary extension on control of cattle parasites, in Moretele district, Northwest Province." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25910.

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There is currently no independent monitoring and evaluation structure for state agricultural or veterinary services to support the “Batho Pele” principle of effective and efficient service delivery to the people of South Africa. Participatory rural appraisal was used in Moretele District, North West Province, to design, implement and assess veterinary extension on the tick and worm parasites of cattle. Veterinary extension, in contrast to agricultural extension, is defined as practical and understandable advice given to individual, groups, communities and population about livestock diseases and includes their prevention, treatment and control, as well as the way they influence the well being, health, and productivity of both humans and animals. The study was conducted in Moretele, which lies about 60km north of Pretoria, and is divided into three service delivery wards, each managed by an animal health technician. A random sample of 30 beef cattle farmers, each with a minimum of 10 cattle, was done in each ward. From each of these 90 farmers, five indicator cattle were purposively selected to include two calves, two sub-adults and one adult animal. Adult feeding ticks were sampled from predetermined sites and eggs per gram were estimated from pooled faecal samples of the same animals. The knowledge levels of animal health technicians (N=44) were assessed prior to the extension being given to the farmers and it was found to be inadequate. They were then given further training. Demographics and knowledge level of farmers were assessed using structured interviews. Baseline sampling for parasites was done on the indicator cattle. A farmer’s day and monthly extension using the visit and training method of extension was done with the farmers over a period of 12 months. The level of knowledge of the farmers was reassessed and the indicator cattle resampled at the same time of the year as the first sampling. It was found that although there was a significant increase in the farmers knowledge, there were no significant differences in the level or species of parasites. It was concluded that animal health technicians did not normally have sufficient knowledge of the subject to give farmers affective extension messages. It was also concluded that knowledge and implementation of extension are not the same thing and that further research is required into the reasons for lack of implementation.
Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Paraclinical Sciences
unrestricted

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Hosnidokht, Mohammad. "Extension of the behavior composition framework in presence of failures using recovery techniques and AKKA." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11915.

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Abstract: Fault tolerance is an essential property to be satis ed in the composition of services, but reaching a high level of fault tolerance remains a challenge. In the area of ubiquitous computing, the composition of services is inevitable when a request cannot be carried out by a single service, but by a combination of several services. This thesis studies fault tolerance in the context of a general behavior composition framework. This approach raises, rst, the problem of the synthesis of controllers (or compositions) in order to coordinate a set of available services to achieve a new service, the target service and, second, the exploitation of all compositions to make the new service fault tolerant. Although a solution has been proposed by the authors of the behavior composition framework, it is incomplete and has not been evaluated experimentally or in situ. This thesis brings two contributions to this problem. On one hand, it considers the case in which the service selected by the controller is temporarily or permanently unavailable by exploiting recovery techniques to identify a consistent state of the system from which it may progress using other services or leave it in a coherent state when none of the available services no longer allows progression. On the other hand, it evaluates several recovery solutions, each useful in services malfunction situations, using a case study implemented with the aid of Akka, a tool that facilitates the development of reactive, concurrent and distributed systems.
La tolérance aux fautes est une propriété indispensable à satisfaire dans la composition de services, mais atteindre un haut de niveau de tolérance aux fautes représente un défi majeur. Dans l'ère de l'informatique ubiquitaire, la composition de services est inévitable lorsqu'une requête ne peut être réalisée par un seul service, mais par la combinaison de plusieurs services. Ce mémoire étudie la tolérance aux fautes dans le contexte d'un cadre général de composition de comportements (behavior composition framework en anglais). Cette approche soulève, tout d'abord, le problème de la synthèse de contrôleurs (ou compositions) de façon à coordonner un ensemble de services disponibles afin de réaliser un nouveau service, le service cible et, ensuite, celui de l'exploitation de l'ensemble des compositions afin de rendre le nouveau service tolérant aux fautes. Bien qu'une solution ait été proposée par les auteurs de ce cadre de composition, elle est incomplète et elle n'a pas été évaluée expérimentalement ou in situ. Ce mémoire apporte deux contributions à ce problème. D'une part, il considère le cas dans lequel le service visé par le contrôleur est temporairement ou définitivement non disponible en exploitant des techniques de reprise afin d'identifier un état cohérent du système à partir duquel il peut progresser en utilisant d'autres services ou de le laisser dans un état cohérent lorsqu'aucun service, parmi ceux disponibles, ne permet plus de progression. D'autre part, il évalue plusieurs solutions de reprise, chacune utile dans des situations particulières de pannes, à l'aide d'une étude de cas implémentée en Akka, un outil qui permet aisément de mettre en oeuvre des systèmes réactifs, concurrents et répartis.

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Amare, Selamawit A. "The Impact of Ethiopian Health Services Extension Program on Maternal and Child Health Outcomes:The Case of Tigray Region." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/257.

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Abstract Background: The Health Extension Program (HEP) is one of the most innovative community-based health programs launched by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) to make health services accessible to rural communities by setting out women health extension workers (HEWs) in rural health posts. The program was officially rolled out in 2003 and become operational in 2004. Its approach is based on the assumption that access to and quality of primary health care in rural communities can be improved through transfer of health knowledge and skills to households. Deployed as pairs, the HEWs are premised to provide basic, largely preventive, primary health services to rural villages and empower families to take charge of their own health. Primarily, the program gives special attention to children and mothers. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the short and medium-term impact of the HEP on maternal and child health outcomes in Tigray region and analyze if the impact suggests that the region is moving in a direction towards achieving the 4th and 5th Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Additionally, the study sought to provide some policy relevant insights into the performance of the program in the region. Methods: Using administrative data, the study estimated the impact of the HEP on child health variables (ex., child vaccines:-DPT3, BCG, OPV3 & measles and full immunization) and on maternal health (ex., tetanus toxoid injection and attended delivery). Two empirical models were estimated. Using these models, the study estimated multiple regression equations for each outcome of interest against the predictor variable (HEW coverage) controlling for confounding factors such as electricity, telephone etc. and year to capture variations over time. Results: Since it became operational in 2004, the program has had a tangible effect on child health outcomes. Results showed that a 10% increase in the program (HEWs coverage) increased full immunization rates by 1.85%, BCG vaccination by 2.6%, DPT3 by 2.4% and OPV3 by 2.7%, all of which were statistically significant. However, the impact on measles was found statistically insignificant. For maternal health outcomes, results showed that a 10% increase in the program coverage increased TT2 uptake of pregnant women by only 0.5%, TT2 by non-pregnant women 0.08%, and attended delivery by 1.06%--all statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Result of the estimation indicated that there is significant impact on child health indicators which could be attributable to the presence of the HEP in the districts. Particularly, the program has statistically significant effect on BCG, OPV3, DPT3 and full immunizations. Although the impact on measles was positive, it was not statistically significant. No effect of the program on maternal health indicators was found .Therefore, federal, regional and local governments should put collaborative efforts to increase the utilization of maternal health services as well as support and strengthen the outreach effort of the health extension workers to reach the targeted goal.

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Manuh, G. B. "Extension services for the small-scale enterprise development in developing countries : a study with particular emphasis on Ghana." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/945/.

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Neal, Janet Davis. "The Effects of Different Aspects of Tourism Services on Travelers' Quality of Life: Model Validation, Refinement, and Extension." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26813.

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Numerous satisfaction studies have been conducted in both tourism and marketing which have examined various aspects of travelers and/or consumers. Quality of life satisfaction studies look beyond the types of satisfaction experiences that endure for only a short time to those that "spill over" into individuals' life domains thus enhancing their overall life satisfaction. Many research studies in the discipline of marketing have revealed that the overall quality of life of consumers may be affected by the marketing efforts of organizations for all of the marketing mix elements. Although it logically follows that the marketing endeavors of tourism organizations would likely have the same impact on their consumers (i.e., travelers), little research has been done to date to determine the validity of this premise. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of leisure tourism on the traveler's quality of life. A model and measurement instrument which help to explain the role of satisfaction with leisure tourism services and experiences in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life were designed for use in this study. The model was based on the hierarchy of life satisfaction model and speculated that overall life satisfaction is derived from satisfaction with the major life domains (e.g., leisure life). Lasting satisfaction or dissatisfaction experienced within the leisure life domain spills up vertically to the most superordinate domain (life in general), thus affecting the overall life satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the traveler. Both the model and the measurement instrument were validated, refined, and extended in this study. A survey of 815 consumers of travel/tourism services who reside in Southwest Virginia was conducted. Structural Equation Modeling (i.e., LISREL) analysis was performed to test the goodness of fit of the model. The results indicated a good model fit. That is, no revisions to the hypothesized model were needed, thus confirming the belief leisure travel does contribute to travelers' overall quality of life satisfaction. Additional analyses were conducted to test the moderating effects of personality type, length of stay, and type of trip on select relationships in the model. Differences of effects for some of the relationships in the model were identified for length of stay and type of trip, but not for the traveler's personality type. Among the key findings of this work are the establishment of those factors which contribute to the overall life satisfaction of travelers, the validation of a measurement instrument which could be used periodically by industry experts to gauge the "health" of the industry in its contribution to the overall life satisfaction of tourism consumers, and the revelation that the length of stay moderates several of the relationships in the model, thus suggesting differences in the way the various identified components influence the overall life satisfaction of short-term versus long-term visitors.
Ph. D.

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Kwapong, Nana Afranaa. "Making rural services work for the poor." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16583.

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Ziel der Studie ist, zum besseren Verständnis und zum politischen Diskurs hinsichtlich der Reform des ländlichen Dienstleistungssektors in Uganda beizutragen. Sechs Aufsätze zeigen, wie Reformen im genossenschaftlichen Vermarktungsbereich und innerhalb der landwirtschaftlichen Beratung den Aufbau ländlicher Dienstleistungen unterstützen können, um zur Armutsbekämpfung in Uganda beizutragen. Paper 1 analysiert, warum in manchen Gemeinden ein größeres Angebot an Dienstleistungen zur Reduzierung der Armut beigetragen hat, während dies in anderen Gemeinden nicht erreicht werden konnte. Fallbeispiele zeigen, dass (1) der Zugang zu komplementären Dienstleistungen ländliche Lebensgrundlagen verbessern kann, (2) ein hoher Anteil kommunaler Dienstleistungen teilweise durch kollektive Anstrengungen, Selbsthilfe und Partizipation ersetzt werden kann, und dass (3) öffentl. Ordnung, Sicherheit und Eigentumsrechte unentbehrliche Voraussetzungen zur Verbesserung ländlicher Lebensbedingungen und zur Verbesserung ländlicher Dienstleistungsangebote sind. Paper 2 ist eine Literaturstudie über den Zusammenhang zur genossenschaftlichen Organisation und Armutsbekämpfung. Paper 3 untersucht die Bestimmungsgründe für Resilienz und Untergang des ehemaligen Genossenschaftssystems. Paper 4 analysiert den Wandel des Genossenschaftssystems anhand struktureller Unterschiede zwischen dem alten und neuen System. Fazit: Das ‚Revival des Genossenschaftsgedankens‘ war begleitet von der Implementierung neuer Institutionen, Verbesserung der Fortbildung und Ausweitung politischer Unabhängigkeit sowie finanziell tragfähiger Genossenschaften. Paper 5 u. 6 untersuchen den Beitrag einer der bedeutendsten politischen Reformen im ländlichen Raum des heutigen Ugandas: die Dezentralisierung des Angebotes landwirtschaftlicher Dienstleistungen. Fazit: Die weit verbreitete Einflussnahme auf den politischen Meinungsbildungsprozess schwächt das gute Image des National Agricultural Advisory Services.
The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding and policy debate on the changing landscape of agricultural rural services reforms in Uganda. My study analyzes service reforms in cooperative marketing and agricultural extension as part of efforts to make rural services work for the poor. Paper 1 presents empirical evidence to the paradox of why over the last two decades in some communities’ service provision has worked to get the poor out of poverty whereas in other communities services have not. I show that efforts to reduce poverty should focus on improving security, property rights, then analyze the capacity for self help and strengthen it with capacity building and improve public service provision. With cooperatives back on the development agenda, I further examine the revival and reform of agricultural cooperatives. The first question is addressed in Paper 2: What are the bases for general claims that the cooperative model has a potential to reduce poverty? Paper 3 addresses a second question: Why did a few agricultural cooperatives survive the crises in the cooperative movement while most other cooperatives had collapsed? Paper 4 examines a third question: How are the reformed cooperatives differently organized, how are they contributing to reducing poverty? The revival of cooperatives has included the introduction of new institutions, capacity building and promoting autonomous financially viable cooperatives. Paper 5 and Paper 6 analyze the impact of decentralization on provision of agricultural extension services. It is evident that widespread political interference is negatively affecting the overall good image of the National Agricultural Advisory Services. The study contribute to answering the questions what mechanisms of service provision have worked, why they have worked whereas others have not and what so far has been the role of political decision makers in the process of governance reform in particular areas of service provision.

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Ning, Xufei. "Push-based low-latency solution for Tracked Resource Set protocol : An extension of Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration specification." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213126.

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Currently, the development of embedded system requires a variety of software and tools. Moreover, most of this software and tools are standalone applications, thus they are unconnected and their data can be inconsistent and duplicated. This increase both heterogeneity and the complexity of the development environment. To address this situation, tool integration solutions based on Linked Data are used, as they provide scalable and sustainable integration across different engineering tools. Different systems can access and share data by following the Linked-Data-based Open Service for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) specification. OSLC uses the Tracked Resource Set (TRS) protocol to enable a server to expose a resource set and to enable a client to discover a resource in the resource set. Currently, the TRS protocol uses a client pull for the client to update its data and to synchronize with the server. However, this method is inefficient and time consuming. Moreover, high-frequency pulling may introduce an extra burden on the network and server, while low-frequency pulling increases the system’s latency (as seen by the client). A push-based low-latency solution for the TRS protocol was implemented using Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) technology. The TRS server uses MQTT to push the update patch (called a ChangeEvent) to the TRS client, then the client updates its content according to this ChangeEvent. As a result, the TRS client synchronizes with the TRS server in real time. Furthermore, a TRS adaptor was developed for Atlassian’s JIRA, a widely-used project and issue management tool. This JIRA-TRS adaptor provides a TRS provider with the ability to share data via JIRA with other software or tools which utilize the TRS protocol. In addition, a simulator was developed to simulate the operations in JIRA for a period of time (specifically the create, modify, and delete actions regarding issues) and acts as a validator to check if the data in TRS client matches the data in JIRA. An evaluation of the push-based TRS system shows an average synchronization delay of around 30 milliseconds. This is a huge change compared with original TRS system that synchronized every 60 seconds.
Nuvarande inbyggda system kräver en mängd olika program och verktyg för att stödja dess utveckling. Dessutom är de flesta av dessa programvara och verktyg fristående applikationer. De är oanslutna och deras data kan vara inkonsistent och duplicerad. Detta medför ökad heterogenitet och ökar komplexiteten i utvecklingsmiljön. För att hantera denna situation används verktygsintegrationslösningar baserade på Länkad Data, eftersom de ger en skalbar och hållbar integrationslösning för olika tekniska verktyg. Olika system kan komma åt och dela data genom att följa den Länkad Data-baserade tjänsten Open Service for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC). OSLC använder TRS-protokollet (Tracked Resource Set) så att en server kan exponera en resursuppsättning och för att möjliggöra för en klient att upptäcka en resurs i resursuppsättningen. TRS-protokollet använder för tillfället pull-metoden så att klienten kan uppdatera sin data och synkronisera med servern. Denna metod är emellertid ineffektiv och tidskrävande. Vidare kan en högfrekvensdriven pull-metod införa en extra börda på nätverket och servern, medan lågfrekvensdriven ökar systemets latens (som ses av klienten). I det här examensprojektet implementerar vi en pushbaserad låg latenslösning för TRS-protokollet. Den teknik som används är Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT). TRS-servern använder MQTT för att pusha uppdateringspatchen (som kallas ChangeEvent) till TRS-klienten. Därefter uppdaterar klienten dess innehåll enligt denna ChangeEvent. Vilket resulterar i att TRS-klienten synkroniseras med TRS-servern i realtid. Dessutom utvecklas en TRS-adapter för Atlassians JIRA som är ett välanvänt projekt och problemhanteringsverktyg. JIRA-TRS-adaptern tillhandahåller en TRS-leverantör med möjlighet att dela data via JIRA med annan programvara eller verktyg som använder TRS-protokollet. Dessutom utvecklade vi en simulator för att simulera verksamheten i JIRA under en tidsperiod (specifikt skapa, ändra och ta bort åtgärder rörande problem) och en validator för att kontrollera om data i TRS-klienten matchar data i JIRA. En utvärdering av det pushbaserade TRS-systemet visar en genomsnittlig synkroniseringsfördröjning på cirka 30 millisekunder. Detta är en stor förändring jämfört med det ursprungliga TRS-systemet som synkroniseras var 60:e sekund.

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Chong, Leonard A. A. "The comparative costs between investing in new towns and the extension of existing metropolitan areas offering the same services." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72251.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1987.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 67-71.
by Leonard A. A. Chong.
M.C.P.

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Kitsos, Anthony. "Examining Vermont Agricultural Producers’ Willingness To Pay For Extension One-On-One Business Planning Services And Future Programming Considerations." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1182.

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ABSTRACT Extension agricultural business programs have provided enhanced individualized services to Vermont’s agricultural producers by using a variety of external funding sources combined with base departmental funds. These farm business programs are uniquely positioned to deliver one-on-one outreach education and information that not only has a direct benefit to private farm business owners but indirectly serves the public good by enhancing farm business viability. Meanwhile, there is an ongoing cultural shift among Extension professionals and farm owners who acknowledge that Extension programs cannot be sustained at low or no cost to participants. Funding for Extension programming has been declining for several years. Traditional funding sources, such as university base funding and state legislature appropriations, have been significantly reduced, and as a result, faculty positions in Extension nationwide have been reduced or eliminated altogether. New ways to support Extension programming must be developed in order to continue to deliver high quality business outreach education to Vermont agricultural producers. This research addresses this need in the following two ways. First, Farm Viability (now Agricultural Business) program participants were surveyed to gauge their understanding of declining funding from traditional sources to determine whether or not a fee-based structure for future programming is acceptable them. Next, a reflective essay proposes solutions for supplementing funding for Extension programming with a fee-for-service model for advanced and extended one-on-one programming. Survey results showed that those respondents likely to engage in programming beyond the initial 2-year period were willing to pay for extended services at a rate higher than the original application fee. Of those who were willing to pay for future services, 80% of respondents said that they would use a plan that included 1-3 visits at a cost of $250 - $499. The reflective essay defines program areas in need of funding enhancement, such as using facilitated management teams, succession planning and grant application assistance. The essay discusses programming opportunities that exist to serve at least some past program participants with additional one-on-one services, thereby sharing the increasing financial burden experienced by Extension educators in the presence of shrinking internal capacity to fund this type of outreach education. This research also raises awareness in areas of program costs, dwindling funding sources, and how participants can help share the financial burden. Important points for farmers weighing the merits of paying for program participation and future programing opportunities are discussed. These results can guide the efforts of program administrators seeking to improve the cost-effectiveness of Extension outreach education in Vermont agriculture.

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Rochelle, Ana Thereza Ferraz de Almeida. "Geração potencial de renda em sistemas de produção de leite a pasto na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Posses, MG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-03052018-101550/.

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Os recursos hídricos são objeto de constante discussão na tentativa de encontrar a maneira mais adequada de manejá-los, de forma a não prejudicar o meio ambiente, e também a vida na Terra. A política de pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) entra nesse contexto, na tentativa de estimular os produtores rurais a aderirem, com um maior grau de conscientização à legislação ambiental vigente. Além disso, busca-se uma forma de não prejudicar os proprietários de pequenas propriedades rurais, que tendem a ser os mais afetados pelas adequações ambientais que se fazem necessárias. Um olhar sobre os sistemas de PSA existentes no Brasil evidencia que o pagamento oferecido por essa política aos produtores é relativamente baixo e, consequentemente, pouco interessante. Portanto, faz-se necessária uma evolução no conceito de PSA, de modo a criar uma perspectiva econômica atrativa para o produtor rural e, ao mesmo tempo, incentivar sua adesão. Assim, este trabalho propôs a ideia de simular o efeito da inclusão de extensionistas como forma de incentivo ao ingresso em um PSA denominado \"Programa Conservador das Águas\", na cidade de Extrema, MG. O trabalho foi realizado visando à produção de leite e teve por base os resultados obtidos no Projeto \"Balde Cheio\", baseado no treinamento de extensionistas e que apresenta evolução significativa de resultados em propriedades rurais, durante e após o tempo de participação desse profissional no projeto. Para isso, foram analisados dados zootécnicos e econômicos de dezessete propriedades rurais produtoras de leite e participantes do Projeto \"Balde Cheio\", com tempo de participação igual ou superior a quatro anos. Os resultados oriundos dessas propriedades foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento de simulação de dados evolutivos de produtividade, considerando, especificamente, os índices zootécnicos e econômicos de propriedades rurais da sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Posses, em Extrema, MG. Verificou-se o potencial de aumento da produtividade e grande melhora dos resultados econômicos, a partir da assistência técnica efetuada, incluindo a adesão ao PSA na região. Simulou-se também, o efeito do aumento da produção de leite na arrecadação de impostos, demonstrando repercussões desta iniciativa para o Estado de Minas Gerais. Concluiu-se, a partir dos dados levantados, que o aumento de produtividade gerado pela inclusão de extensionistas à política de PSA permitiria pagar os custos desses profissionais e gerar aumento da arrecadação para o Estado e o município.
Finding the most adequate way to manage water resources without harming the environment and life on Earth has long been the aim of frequent discussions among professionals from different areas. The current policy of payment for environmental services (PES) is an important part of this discussion, and a more attractive form of raising awareness and getting smallholder farmers to adhere to the current environmental legislation. Equally important is the understanding and addressing these farmers needs, usually the most affected by requirements of environmental suitability. Currently, the low sums practiced by the existing PES in Brazil make it rather unattractive for them, calling for a rethinking of its concept in order to make it financially more attractive and, thus, to encourage farmers to adhere. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate the effects of including rural extensionists in a PES as an incentive for the adherence of farmers, entitled Conservative Water Programme, in the county of Extrema, MG. The research was based on the milk production, using results obtained in the Full Bucket Project, based on training rural extensionists and showing significant improvement for dairy farmers, during and after the period in which he took part in the project. For this simulation, one analysed the zootechnical and economic data from seventeen dairy farms, four-year-long (or more) members of the Full Buket Project (Projeto Balde Cheio). The results obtained were used on the development of data simulation of productivity based on the specific zootechnical and economic results from the dairy farms of the sub-basin \'Ribeirão das Posses\', in Extrema, MG. The results provided evidences that there is indeed the potential for an increase in milk yield, and for improving economic results, after technical assistance was provided, including the adherence to the PES in that region. The increase in milk yield stimulated an increase in taxes collection, also showing its positive repercussion for the state of Minas Gerais. Based on the findings, one can conclude that the inclusion of rural extensionists in the PES policy would increase the milk productivity, covering the costs of these professionals and increasing the tax collection for the state and the county.

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Goerlich, Daniel Lee. "The Value of Cooperative Extension's Public Benefit Explored through Enhancements to Forest Ecosystem Services Provision." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92586.

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Cooperative Extension produces public value through educational programming that benefits the greater community. Forests provide numerous valuable benefits to society through the provision of ecosystem services. Cooperative Extension educational programming positively impacts forest owners, who in turn conduct actions that enhance ecosystem services. A heretofore unrecognized relationship exists between Cooperative Extension and ecosystem services that provides opportunity for mutual benefit. Applying ecosystem services values to Extension natural resources-related programmatic outcomes through benefit transfer provides an avenue for Extension to make significant advancements in monetizing public value. Beyond serving simply as a source of financial justification, however, linkages with ecosystem services also provide Cooperative Extension with opportunities to improve the design and delivery of educational programs, do a better job articulating an array of public benefits resulting from agency accomplishments, and optimize allocation of sparse resources and Extension efforts. This dissertation thoroughly explores these concepts by providing an overview of: Cooperative Extension in general and Extension forestry more specifically; public value in an Extension context; ecosystem services; ecosystem services valuation; benefit transfer, and; connections between these diverse topics. In addition, benefit transfer principles are applied to an existing Extension evaluation data set in attempt to monetize Cooperative Extension's impact, lessons learned are explored, and the Cooperative Extension public value discussion is re-framed as one aspect of overall continuous organizational improvement.
Ph. D.

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Zanetti, Janet J. "An extension of dyadic counseling to multi-family group training with application for Head Start families." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618448.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one short-term training model, Parents and Children Together (PACT), on parent stress and child behavior for families enrolled in the Head Start program. PACT is a program of structured play activities designed to replicate the interactions between parents and children during the first developmental stage of life. PACT has been adapted, by the researcher, from a program called Theraplay developed for Head Start children by Ann Jernberg (1967).;Thirty families completed the study. Experimental and Control groups were formed from volunteer participants. Only Experimental subjects received training. Sessions were held weekly for one hour on site. Parents and children participated together for the first thirty minutes and parents met without children for the second thirty minutes.;Pre and post treatment assessment with Abidin's Parent Stress Index/Short Form and the Connors' Parent Rating Scale - 48 were administered to each group. The results of this study did not find statistical significance on measures of parent stress and child behavior; however, structured interviews with Experimental subjects indicated high satisfaction with the program.;This study offers an examination of one short term preventive model for community-based mental health services. Implications for multi-disciplinary service delivery are examined.

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Martindah, Eny. "Developing extension processes and strategies in conjunction with technical services and farmers to control fasciolosis in Yogyakarta special province, Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19057.pdf.

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Aderinoye-Abdulwahab, Sidiqat Adeyemi. "Analysis of vulnerabilty and access to extension services for pastoralist women in northern Nigeria : a case study of Kwara State." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603549.

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Nigeria is an agrarian country with the northern region prone to droughts; despite this pastoralism is an important source of livelihood of the inhabitants. Due to scarcity of water and grazing land, pastoralists migrate to greener areas in search of pasture, leaving their families behind. As a result, women in pastoralist households engage in a variety of economic activities to supplement family incomes. This study investigates the economic dimensions of pastoralist women's livelihoods, their coping and adaptive strategies and the role of extension in supporting their livelihoods. The study was carried out in Kwara State, Nigeria M an area where pastoralists have settled. The research adopted a mixed methods approach, employing qualitative and quantitative research tools. 169 participants were randomly drawn using a multi-stage sampling procedure. From these participants, questionnaire surveys (63 women and 25 extension agents), focus group discussions (58 women), key informant and in-depth interviews (13 people), and daily activity profile charts (10 women) were used to elicit information. Gender analysis frameworks were also used to analyse the data. It was found that women process milk into cheese, and this serves as their major source of income. The study established that pastoralist women lack productive resources such as land, livestock, capital, and infrastructure. This predisposes them to environmental, time, physical and social vulnerabilities. Extension service is limited among pastoral communities due to marginalisation, inappropriate extension service approaches and models, and cultural challenges. The study recommends a demand-driven participatory approach of extension service provision and employment of female extensionists to address the problems of extension approaches and culture. The study concludes that adequate extension can enhance women's socio-economic empowerment.

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Alawy, Abdillahi S. "Accessibility of women's groups to agricultural extension services in Kenya : an exploratory and descriptive study of factors, needs, and problems /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949836204633.

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Brooks, Janell Hargrove. "Structural Extension of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Cross-Battery Approach to Include Measures of Visual-Motor Integration." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/38.

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In spite of the long-standing tradition of including measures of visual-motor integration in psychological evaluations, visual-motor abilities have not been included in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities or its complementary cross-battery approach to assessment. The purpose of this research was to identify the shared constructs of a popular test of visual-motor integration and a test of intellectual functioning, and to investigate how a test of visual-motor integration would be classified within the CHC model. A large normative sample of 3,015 participants that ranged in age from 5 to 97 years completed the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, Second Edition (Bender-Gestalt II; Brannigan & Decker, 2003) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5; Roid, 2003). Correlational analyses indicated positive moderate correlations across all age ranges between the Bender-Gestalt II Copy measure and the SB5 Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing subscale and between the Bender-Gestalt II Recall measure and the SB5 Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing and Nonverbal Working Memory subscales. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a three-factor model for four age groupings and four-factor model for one age grouping, suggesting factors which represent crystallized ability, fluid reasoning, and visual-motor ability. The results of this study suggest that the Bender-Gestalt II measures abilities that are not included in the SB5. Therefore, the Bender-Gestalt II would complement an intelligence test such as the SB5 in order to form a CHC Visual Processing (Gv) broad ability factor. These findings also address the need for further research to validate the constructs measured by newer versions of widely-used tests of cognitive ability.

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Kwapong, Nana Afranaa [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanisch, and Ephraim [Akademischer Betreuer] Nkonya. "Making rural services work for the poor : the role of Uganda´s service reforms in marketing and agricultural extension / Nana Afranaa Kwapong. Gutachter: Markus Hanisch ; Ephraim Nkonya." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026279895/34.

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Diawara, Tiefing. "La Stratégie d'extension de l'offre de l'enseigne de grande distribution vers de nouveaux services marchands : proposition et test d'un modèle d'évaluation du service en extension par les consommateurs." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA123008.

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Confrontés à un tassement des gains en part de marché, à un net ralentissement de la croissance, les grands distributeurs français sont nombreux à adopter la stratégie d’extension de l’offre de l’enseigne vers de nouveaux services marchands. Le succès ou l’échec de cette stratégie, qui consiste à proposer de nouveaux services sous le nom de l’enseigne, résulte en grande partie de l’évaluation du service en extension par les consommateurs. Cependant, force est de constater l’absence d’un cadre conceptuel de référence pour évaluer le service en extension de l’enseigne. L’objectif de cette recherche est alors de proposer un modèle explicatif de l’évaluation du service en extension par le consommateur. Dans cette optique, les outils conceptuels issus de la psychologie cognitive - permettant d’appréhender l’évaluation de l’extension de marque par le consommateur - sont transposés à l’extension de l’offre de l’enseigne, selon un principe de raisonnement analogique. Sur le plan méthodologique, l’étude quantitative finale par questionnaire porte sur trois services en extension de l’enseigne Auchan. L’échantillon est composé de 335 clients de cette enseigne. Le test du modèle explicatif est réalisé au moyen de modèles d'équations structurelles. Les résultats montrent que l’évaluation positive du service en extension dépend en grande partie de sa typicalité dans l’enseigne, mais aussi de sa pertinence sur le marché et des associations liées à l’enseigne. En conclusion, cette recherche milite pour un rapprochement entre les travaux sur les stratégies d'extension de l’offre de l’enseigne et d’extension de marque et pose les jalons d’un cadre intégrateur d’analyse de ces deux stratégies
Confronted to a market share stagnation and to a growth deceleration, the grocery retailers are numerous to adopt the strategy of retailer extension towards new trading services. The success or the failure of this strategy, whereby one new service is marketed under an already-established and well-know retailer name, results mainly from consumers' evaluations of the new service. However, we note that there is not consistent conceptual framework to evaluate the retailers' new service. The purpose of this research is then to develop a model to assess how consumers evaluate the new services being offerd by retailers. Accordingly, the conceptual tools borrowed from cognitive psychology are used to underpin our reasoning by analogy to brand extension evaluation. We have conducted a questionnaire-based investigation covering three types of services offered by Auchan, the French retailer. Our final study covered a sample of 335 Auchan customers. The proposed model is tested through structural equations. Our research shows that consumers evaluations of retailers' new service depends largely on whether the service is typical of the retailer's traditional offer but also on the new service's relevance in the market and on the retailer's image associations. The research concludes that work on strategies of retailer extension towards new trading services should be brought closer to those of brand extension and proposes a new integrated framework for analysing both strategies

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Diawara, Tiefing Pontier Suzanne. "La Stratégie d'extension de l'offre de l'enseigne de grande distribution vers de nouveaux services marchands proposition et test d'un modèle d'évaluation du service en extension par les consommateurs /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0405145.pdf.

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Gwala, Lindokuhle. "Effect of agricultural extension services on beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project: the case of Ncera and Kwezana villages, Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019814.

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The study was conducted to determine the effect of agricultural extension services on beneficiaries of the Nguni Cattle project in Ncera and Kwezana villages, both in Nkonkobe local Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of extension services offered to the beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project, relationship between extension officers and beneficiaries of the project, lastly was to determine communication strategies used by extension officers to communicate with the project beneficiaries. A total of 73 Nguni cattle project beneficiaries were interviewed. Semi- structured questionnaires were administered to the beneficiaries of the project who were willing to participate in the study. Xhosa speaking enumerators assisted in data collection. Focus group discussions were later carried out in both villages to determine effect of agricultural extension services on socio-economic status of the beneficiaries. The focus groups were divided into three groups of different ages and gender. The majority of the beneficiaries in the project were males (62.2 % Ncera and 75% Kwezana). There was an association between gender and extension services. Farmers depended on different sources of income. Old age pension and animal sales being the main contributing sources and also having a significant difference. The results of the study further revealed that the beneficiaries were faced with cattle production challenges, lack of extension support services being the main challenge. The results of the study indicated that the majority of beneficiaries had no access to extension services. Only 37.8% and 32.1 % at Ncera and Kwezana respectively reported that they had access to extension services. Although the latter is the case it was further explained by the beneficiaries that extension services offered to them were of poor quality due to poor communication strategies used to provide these services. Beneficiaries also reported the relationship between them and extension officers’ as poor. It was concluded that extension services had an effect on beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project, largely based on the constraints they face on the project and limited access to extension services.

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Mendano, Senny Kapia. "The effectiveness of extension services provided by OPIC for the production of oil palm to smallholder growers in Hoskins, West New Britain Province." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2347.

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In Papua New Guinea, oil palm is regarded as a crop with great economic importance and is now the dominant export cash crop in terms of export revenue. It is grown in six provinces in PNG which are Hoskins and Bialla in West New Britain Province, Popondetta in Oro Province, Higaturu in Milne Bay Province, Poliamba in New Ireland Province and Ramu in Madang Province. The study examined the effectiveness of OPIC extension services provided to smallholder oil palm growers in Hoskins. The research included growers in the Hoskins land settlement scheme (LSS) and village oil palm (VOP) growers in the Hoskins project area. The LSS subdivision studied was Buvussi and the VOP subdivisions were Bubu and Lilimo. The main purpose of the study was to identify the factors hindering smallholders’ productivity on oil palm as their production (tonnes per hectare) was considerably below the estate plantations managed by the company. To investigate smallholder production, factors such as smallholder block population, education levels of grower families, leaseholder status, type of production strategy, adoption rate of extension messages and productivity were investigated. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate these aspects of smallholder production and extension.The findings of the study indicate that there was low extension contact between the extension officers and smallholders with most visits because of sexava infestations. The low ratio of extension officers to blockholders was a factor in limiting OPIC (the extension agency) capacity for block visits. The majority of blockholders received their extension information through their visits to the OPIC office. However, the study revealed that the majority of blockholders were knowledgeable about oil palm and had excellent management skills on oil palm production. The study revealed that the education level of children in secondary households was adversely affected as priority was given to children in primary households.Due to population and income pressures, the single household block has been replaced with multiple household blocks and this has led to changes in the production strategies pursued on blocks. The harvesting strategy has shifted from the traditional harvesting method (wok bung) to makim mun, skelim hecta and some blocks practising a mixture of all three strategies. However, wok bung was found to be the most productive method of harvesting in terms of tonnes/ha/year. The study also found that population and income pressures have influenced blockholders’ decision-making process to adopt extension messages on fertilizer and replanting, thus there was low adoption levels. The low level of fertilizer application was due to increases in fertilizer prices over the last five years and also was due to disputes over block management which has led to falling productivity. The makim mun strategy of harvesting was also found to have an influence on adoption. However, reluctance to replant was because most blockholders were ferarful of debt accumulation and financial constraints due to loss of income after replanting.Therefore, the study recognised that smallholders’ low production was not due to lack of knowledge and skills on oil palm but was due to stresses associated with rising population pressures, together with the ineffectiveness of extension services provided by OPIC to smallholders.

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Steinke, Jonathan [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Gutachter] Bokelmann, Stefan [Gutachter] Sieber, and Regina [Gutachter] Birner. "New opportunities for agricultural extension services: Mainstreaming large-scale farmer participation through modern ICT / Jonathan Steinke ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Bokelmann, Stefan Sieber, Regina Birner." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202036465/34.

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Booi, Arthur Mzwandile. "An empirical investigation of the extension of servqual to measure internal service quality in a motor vehicle manufacturing setting." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006139.

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This research explores the role, which the construct, service quality plays in an internal marketing setting. This is achieved by evaluating the perceptions and expectations of the production department with regards to the service quality provided by the maintenance department of a South African motor vehicle manufacturer. This was done using the INTSERVQUAL instrument, which was found to be a reliable instrument for measuring internal service quality within this context. A positivist approach has been adopted in conducting this research. There are two main hypotheses for this study: the first hypothesis is concerned with the relationship between the overall internal service quality and the five dimensions of service quality namely: tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and reliability. The second hypothesis focuses on the relationship between the front line staff segments of the production department and the five dimensions of internal service quality. The results of this research suggest that the perceptions and expectations of internal service customer segments plays a major role in achieving internal service quality. In addition, the importance of the INTSERVQUAL instrument in measuring internal service quality within the motor vehicle manufacturing environment is confirmed.

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Raman, Nair R. "An investigative and evaluative study of factors affecting quality of agricultural and farm information services in Kerala." Diss., University of Kerala, 2004. http://www.keralauniversity.edu/.

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Agriculture is not only a country’s backbone of food, livelihood and ecological security systems, but is also the very soul of its sovereignty. In Kerala population density is high and land is scarce. To achieve sustainable advancement in quality of human life, meeting the domestic food requirement is to be given foremost priority in development plans. As the area of cultivation cannot be increased and growth of population cannot be controlled growth in food production is to be achieved by qualitative improvement in farming. This requires improvements in material inputs, farming techniques, storage technology and research. Effective integration of these factors is tied closely to adequate information flow, which can be ensured only by an efficient information system for agricultural education, research, extension and development. So evaluation and improvement of existing information services is very crucial for sustainable agricultural growth. The study evaluates the existing information resources, facilities, services, possibilities for resource sharing, accessibility of external sources, and the factors that affect the quality and efficiency of information services in agricultural sector. Coverage is limited to the State of Kerala. Sample consist 105 institutions of different levels, and information users consisting of 426 scientists and 220 farmers. Different sets of questionnaires and interview schedule were used to elicit information. The study found that agricultural research conducted at various institutions in the region at huge public expense has generated knowledge for improving production. Along with these huge collections of acquired content is also stored in the sector. But when a farmer, an extension worker, a scientist or an administrator needs information it is not easily accessible. The study found that agricultural sector fails to effectively bank on information resources available due to the lack of an information system and network. Recommends an Agricultural and Farm Information System for Kerala. Suggests a model plan for a computer communication network for resource sharing between the agricultural institutions in the State, which will also ensure, smooth flow of results of research down to the grassroots level to achieve maximum productivity in agriculture.

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Silva, Kodikarage Nirosha Nadeeshani [Verfasser], and Tom [Akademischer Betreuer] Brökel. "The roles of absorptive capacity, technology adoption, and extension services in a local agricultural innovation system in Sri Lanka / Kodikarage Nirosha Nadeeshani Silva ; Betreuer: Tom Brökel." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222160455/34.

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Conradie, Mia. "The influence of a vertical service line extension on existing customers’ perceived brand image in the case of Capitec and Absa Bank." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86460.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the financial service sector, specifically the banking sector, the competition for market share has become fierce. South Africas‟ Big Four banks (Absa, FNB, Standard Bank and Nedbank) are currently threatened by Capitec‟s simplified business strategy. Capitec is not just retaining customers, but also attracting new-to-bank customers and customers from other banks. Capitec‟s strategy has led to an increase in competitive rivalry among the banks. The Big Four banks are struggling to retaliate against Capitec‟s innovation, creating a situation where only the strongest will survive. The reason for this competition is Capitec‟s move to target the higher-income market, since they are changing the profile of their original customer base. On the other hand, Absa is counter-attacking by targeting Capitec‟s primary market that consists of lower-income groups. Both Capitec and Absa are initiating vertical service line extensions (VSLE). The difference between the two banks‟ strategies is the direction of the vertical extension, where Capitec is utilising an upward VSLE, and Absa is utilising a downward VSLE. Not enough attention has been given to service line extensions compared to extensions of tangible products. In this study the focus is on vertical line extensions within the service sector and more specifically the banking sector. The primary objective is to investigate the influence attitudes towards a vertical service line extension (VSLE) have on current customers‟ perceived brand image. Furthermore, the difference between customers‟ attitudes towards a bank pursuing an upward vertical service line extension and one pursuing a downward vertical service line extension, is investigated. The secondary objectives of the study are to assess whether or not (1) perceived quality influence customers‟ attitudes towards a VSLE; (2) perceived status fit influence customers‟ attitudes towards a VSLE; (3) customers‟ perceived fit between their self-image and the communication, influence attitudes towards a VSLE; (4) attitudes towards a VSLE influence brand image; (5) there is a difference between customers‟ brand image, perceived quality, perceived fit, and self-brand communication fit of a bank that introduced an upward extension and one that introduced a downward extension. In the case of an upward VSLE (Capitec), the results suggest that perceived quality was the only variable that significantly influenced attitudes towards the VLSE. On the other hand, in the case of a downward VSLE (Absa), perceived quality and communication fit significantly influenced attitudes towards a VSLE. Furthermore, attitudes towards the VSLE did significantly influence brand image in both an upward and downward extension. Perceived status fit was the only variable that did not significantly influence attitudes towards a VSLE in both an upward and a downward extension. It emerged that the attitudes of customers from a bank initiating an upward extension (Capitec) differ from customers from a bank initiating a downward extension (Absa). Capitec and Absa customers differ in their evaluation of perceived quality, status fit, communication fit and brand image. The greatest difference among the two customer groups were caused by communication fit and perceived brand image. In this study Capitec customers evaluated their bank more favourably than Absa customers did. This result can be attributed to the direction of the extension and customers feelings towards it. It was advised that managers should thoroughly investigate the benefits and risks in implementing an upward or downward VSLE, since this study concludes that in either case brand image will be influenced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die Suid-Afrikaanse mark het die kompitiese tussen banke geweldig gestyg soos die banke meeding om mark aandeel. Die Groot Vier banke (Absa, FNB, Standard Bank en Nedbank) word tans uitgedaag deur Capitec se eenvoudige dienslewering strategieë. Capitec is besig om dienste te lewer aan hul huidige kliënte, asook die gedeelte in die mark wat nog nooit voorheen van bankdiense gebruik gemaak het nie. Verder, is Capitec besig om kliënte van ander banke af te rokkel. Die Groot Vier sukkel om mee te ding met Capitec se innovasie rondom algemene bankdienste. Dus, word daar nou 'n situasie in die finansiële sektor geskep waar net die sterkstes sal oorleef. Die rede vir hierdie mededinging in die mark is as gevolg van Capitec se beweging na 'n hoër-inkomste mark. Die oorspronklike kliënte-profiel van Capitec word nou op ŉ prominente wyse verander. Absa, daarteenoor is besig om Capitec teë te werk deurdat hul laer-inkomste markte infiltreer. In beide gevalle is Capitec en Absa besig om 'n "vertical service line extension (VSLE" te implementeer. Die verskil tussen die twee banke is die rigting van die VSLE, waar Capitec 'n opwaartse VSLE implementeer het en Absa 'n afwaardse VSLE implementeer het. In die huidige literatuur word daar nie genoeg aandag gegee aan "service line extension" in vergelyking met "product line extensions" nie. Dus, die fokus van hierdie studie is op VSLE in die bankdienste sektor. Die primêre doelwit is om te bepaal of huidige kliënte se houdings teenoor die VSLE 'n beduidende invloed het op die handelsmerk. Verder, is ondersoek ingestel om te bepaal of daar 'n verskil is tussen 'n bank se kliënte wat 'n opwaartse VSLE implementeer en een wat 'n afwaartse VSLE implementeer. Die sekondêre doelwitte was om vas te stel of (1) kliënte se gehalte persepsie 'n effek het op hul houding teenoor 'n VSLE; (2) status ooreenstemming 'n effek het op kliënte se houding teenoor 'n VSLE; (3) ooreenstemming tussen kliënte se self-persepsie en die bank se kommunikasie 'n effek het op hul houding teenoor die VSLE; (4) kliënte se houding teenoor die VSLE 'n effek het op die handelsmerk; (5) daar 'n verskil is tussen kliënte van 'n bank wat 'n opwaarse VSLE implementeer en een wat 'n afwaarste VSLE implementeer interme van, gehalte persepsie, status ooreenstemming en hul ooreenstemming tussen self-persepsie en kommunikasie. In die geval van 'n opwaartse VSLE (Capitec) is dit bevind dat net kliënte se gehalte persepsie 'n beduidende invloed het op hul houdings teenoor die VSLE. In die geval van 'n afwaartse VSLE (Absa) is daar bevind dat kliënte se gehalte persepsie en kommunikasie „n beduidene invloed het op hul houdings teenoor die VSLE. In beide 'n opwaarste en afwaarste VSLE het kliënte se houdings teenoor die VSLE „n beduidende effek op die handelsmerkbeeld gehad. Status ooreenstemming tussen die huidige kliëntebasis en die kliëntebasis wat bereik wil word deur die VSLE, het geen effek gehad op kliënte se houding teenoor die VSLE nie. Verder, was dit bevind dat kliënte wat betrokke is by 'n bank wat 'n opwaarste VSLE implementeer (Capitec) verskil van die kliënte wat betrokke is by 'n bank wat 'n afwaarste VSLE implementeer (Absa). Capitec en Absa kliënte verskil in hul evaluasie van die betrokke bank se gehalte persepsie, status ooreenstemming, kommunikasie en handelsmerk evaluasie. Die grootste verskil tussen die twee steekproewe is by kommunikasie evaluasie en handelsmerk evaluasie. Daar is onder andere bevind dat Capitec kliënte hul bank beter evalueer as Absa kliënte. Hierdie bevinding kan verduidelik word deur die rigting van die twee banke se VSLE. Die gevolgtrekking is dat handelsmerkbeeld, ongeag die rigitng van die VSLE, beïnvloed word deur huidige kliënte se houdings teenoor die VSLE. Dus, moet bestuurders al die voordele en nadele in verband met 'n VSLE opgeweeg voordat 'n VSLE strategie geïmplemteer word.

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Grafström, Kajsa, and Elin Stridbeck. "Mind the Brand - When entering a market : En studie om varumärkesutvidgning från tjänst till vara." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2225.

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Subject: This paper is about Brand Extension and if the process differs when a company extends its brand from a service to a product in comparison to an extension from a product to a product. As an example we have analyzed the mobile phone business and the mobile phone operators who launch their private branded mobile phones

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze how companies use brand extension from service to product as a part of their brand extension strategy.

Method: A literature study was done in the brand extension area, but also in the area of brands to have a deeper understanding for the subject. A qualitative study with interviews was combined with a quantitative survey study. On the basis of the theories we could analyze the collected data and fulfill the papers purpose.

Results: Important features and differences in services and products were identified and the importance of a strong brand identity before an extension. The consumers showed positive attitudes and reactions towards the companies brand extension strategies through the survey.

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Lima, resque Antônio Gabriel. "Can the concept of ecosystem services facilitate agroecological transition in the Brazilian Amazon? Results from a mixed methods approach in Irituia and Paragominas, Pará state." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0026.

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La proposition d'un modèle de développement qui concilie la conservation de l'environnement, en particulier des ressources forestières, et le développement socio-économique reste un défi à relever globalement, en particulier dans la région amazonienne. En raison de son ampleur, une attention particulière est portée à la portion brésilienne de l'Amazonie et plus précisément à ses différentes formes d’agriculture en raison de leur importance socio-économique et de leur potentiel d'altération des écosystèmes et des services écosystémiques (SE). Dans ce contexte, l’agriculture familiale apparaît incontournable pour promouvoir le développement rural durable. Malgré son importance, les acteurs locaux qui soutiennent les exploitations agricoles familiales sont confrontés à de nombreux défis pour promouvoir la transition agroécologique. La question générale de cette thèse est : Comment le cadre conceptuel des SE peut-il servir de base cognitive et opérationnelle pour soutenir la transition agroécologique ? Nous examinons deux municipalités contrastées situées dans la partie orientale de l'Amazonie brésilienne : Irituia, dont le secteur agricole est dominé par une agriculture familiale qui se tourne vers la biodiversification ; et Paragominas, qui présente une prédominance de l'agriculture industrielle à grande échelle, qui coexiste avec l'agriculture familiale. Nous avons adopté une perspective multi-acteurs, impliquant une diversité d'acteurs locaux (e.g., des décideurs politiques, des chercheurs, des agents de vulgarisation rurale, des agriculteurs). Nous avons implémenté une « approche de méthodes mixtes » combinant des méthodologies qualitatives, telles que des entretiens semi-directifs et l'observation participante, avec des méthodologies semi-quantitatives telles que des questionnaires et un jeu de rôles. Nous avons d'abord cherché à comprendre la perception qu'ont les acteurs locaux sur la coproduction des SE. Une diversité de SE est perçue par ces acteurs locaux. La perception des SE et de leur processus de coproduction diffère sensiblement selon le type d'activité exercée par les acteurs et leur municipalité. Nous montrons également comment la nature de leurs connaissances (plus scientifique ou empirique) joue sur leur manière de percevoir les SE. Nous avons par ailleurs cherché à comprendre l'importance de ces perceptions dans le processus de prise de décision sur l'utilisation des terres en étudiant l’influence sur ce processus de décision de certains facteurs contextuels externes à l’agroécosystème (notamment les marchés institutionnels) et internes (e.g., la main-d'œuvre, les coûts, les aspects cognitifs). Nous avons constaté que la réussite de la valorisation de l'agrobiodiversité au moyen de marchés institutionnels dépend de la manière dont ils sont administrés au niveau municipal. Des facteurs internes à l'exploitation, tels que le travail, les revenus, les valeurs, influencent également ce processus de prise de décision. Finalement, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment les connaissances générées lors des étapes précédentes pouvaient contribuer à rendre opérationnelle la transition agroécologique dans les sites d’étude. Ces connaissances ont contribué à révéler les attentes et les facteurs qui motivent les actions des acteurs locaux relatives à la gestion de l'utilisation des terres. Elles ont été obtenues par et utilisées pour alimenter des outils méthodologiques visant à soutenir la transition agroécologique. Au final, nous avançons que le cadre conceptuel de la coproduction des SE permet d’aller au-delà de l'exploration des éléments corrélés à la gestion des agroécosystèmes. Il constitue également un outil pertinent pour stimuler la communication sur le sujet entre les différents acteurs. La compréhension des mécanismes qui soutiennent la coproduction des SE et le partage des différentes connaissances et perceptions associées éveillent une prise de conscience collective en faveur de la transition agro-écologique
The proposal of a model of development that reconciles environmental conservation, especially of forest resources, and socioeconomic development is still a challenge to be achieved worldwide, especially in the Amazon region. Due to its amplitude, the Brazilian portion of the Amazon is a matter of great concern nationally and internationally. Agriculture stands out in the Brazilian Amazon for its socioeconomic importance and its tremendous potential to alter ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Among the different forms of agriculture (i.e. large and small farmers), family farms are key players for promoting rural sustainable development. Despite its importance, local actors supporting family farms face numerous challenges to promote agroecological transition of these farms. The general question that we want to contribute to with this thesis is: How can the conceptual framework of ES serve as a cognitive and operational basis to support the agroecological transition? We carried out this research in two contrasting municipalities in the eastern part of the Brazilian Amazon, Irituia and Paragominas. The farming sector of the first study site is dominated by family farming, which is often biodiversified. Contrastingly, large-scale industrial agriculture predominates in the second study site, although it coexists with family farming. We adopted a multi-actor perspective, with the participation of a heterogeneous set of local actors (e.g. policy makers, researchers, rural extension agents, farmers) related to rural issues. We implemented a “mixed methods approach” combining well-tested qualitative methodologies, such as semi-directive interviews and participant observation, with semi-quantitative methodologies such as questionnaires and a role-playing game. We first aimed to understand the perception of different local actors about ES and their co-production process. We observed that, in general, a diversity of ES is perceived by local actors. The perception of ES and the different possible ways to co-produce these ES differ significantly among actors. The type of activity performed by the stakeholders and their municipality are the main factors influencing their perception of ES co-production. The type of knowledge (more scientific or empirical) was also relevant to distinguish between the ways to perceive ES. We also sought to understand the importance of these perceptions in the decision-making process on land use. We investigated some contextual factors that influence this decision making process, focusing on factors external (notably institutional markets) and internal (e.g. labor, costs, cognitive aspects) to the agroecosystem. We realized that these markets are important for valuing agrobiodiversity, but this will depend on how they are managed at a municipal level and on the local institutional landscape. Accordingly, the agroecosystem may evolve towards agroecological or non-agroecological standards. Internal factors in the farm, such as labor, money, values also influence this decision making process. Finally, we sought to understand how the knowledge generated previously could contribute to operationalize the agroecological transition in our two study sites. Knowledge about ES issues generated in our research site contributed to disclose the expectations and factors that drive the actions of stakeholders regarding land use management. This knowledge was obtained through and was used to feed methodological tools to support agroecological transition. Finally, we highlight that the conceptual framework of ES co-production not only enables exploring elements correlated to agroecosystem management, it also serves as a viable tool to stimulate the communication of different actors on the subject. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the co-production of ES and the sharing of different knowledge and perceptions can support more collective awareness toward agroecological transition

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Smidt, Hermanus Jacobus. "The use of information and communication technology by emerging commercial farmers in their development in the Western Cape, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6604.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
Although many researchers have shown JCT can enable development it remains a great challenge to understand the link between ICT4D projects and the development of emerging commercial agriculture. There is a need to realize the potential of information and communication technologies (JCT) for emerging commercial farmer development in order to achieve agriculture expansion and transformation in South Africa. This is important in order for them to partake in the knowledge economy visualized in the 2030 National development plan of South Africa and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. However in South Africa, it is not yet established which specific JCT are used, how they are used and the extent of deployment if used in the emerging commercial agricultural sector. Few studies have focused on the factors that influence the use of JCT in South African emerging agriculture. This study investigates and attempts to understand the usage of JCT by emerging commercial farmers and the issues that influence ICT use on the West Coast of the Western Cape Province in South Africa. The study investigates the different forms of JCT used, how they are being used, what they are used for, how important these technologies are as enablers of production and the factors that affect their use. The study involved a survey response of 42 emerging commercial farmers and 46 of their farm employees in the Matzikama and Cederberg municipalities. A literature review draws from studies globally. regionally and in South Africa on how ICTs have penetrated and contributed to delivering development in emerging commercial agriculture. Although most emerging commercial farmers cannot afford to adopt JCT fools that are essential in their farming activities almost all who were interviewed acknowledged !he importance of JCT to their businesses. However, among other JCT, mobile phones and television were found to be primarily used for social and entertainment reasons rather than for agricultural purposes. The general findings showed that occupation on farm and JCT Literacy influence the use of ICT by farm employees. On the other hand the gender, capacity of the farmer, off farm income and farm size influences the use of ICT by emerging commercial farmers. Our literature review established some examples from the studies of other researchers and the efforts of multi-lateral institutions such as the FAO and ITU to illustrate how we can improve policy. I recommend that the South African government develop an e-agriculture strategy to monitor development and validation of good practices on the use of ICTs in agriculture and rural development. This strategy will examine emerging trends on the role of ICTs and the challenges faced in reaching scaled, sustainable information service models. This can increase the sustainability of emerging commercial agriculture to contribute to the improvement of the lives of the poor in rural areas. Finally I present research questions for future research.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extension services'

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