Journal articles: 'Extensional mixer'

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Luciani, A., and L. A. Utracki. "The Extensional Flow Mixer, EFM." International Polymer Processing 11, no. 4 (December 1996): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.960299.

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Tokihisa, M., K. Yakemoto, T. Sakai, L. A. Utracki, M. Sepehr, J. Li, and Y. Simard. "Extensional flow mixer for polymer nanocomposites." Polymer Engineering & Science 46, no. 8 (2006): 1040–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20542.

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Utracki, L. A., and A. Luciani. "Mixing in Extensional Flow Field." Applied Rheology 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2000-0001.

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Abstract Mixing is the most important operation in polymer processing. Uniformity of the molecular weight, degree of entanglement, temperature, and composition, is the prerequisite for good performance. Mixing of molten polymers is always within the laminar (as opposed to turbulent) flow regime. This paper presents an overview of the effect of flow type on mixing. The distributive mixing is best modeled considering either laminar or chaotic mixing. Here the system is ”passive“, i.e.the rheological properties are identical and the interface is ”invisible“. Furthermore, the effects of flow and morphology are ”decoupled“. By contrast, the dispersive mixing is best modeled by means of microrheology, complemented by coalescence. Both models – the laminar mixing and the microrheology – show the unambiguous superiority of the extensional flows for dispersive and distributive mixing, in particular, when the viscosity ratio of two principal components is large. However this superiority is balanced by practical difficulties in generating a flow that may ascertain a high level of extension. Results of simulation and model experiments on drop deformabilty in converging and diverging (c-d) flow were used to develop a simple and inexpensive mixer capable of generating a high level of extension that lead to enhanced mixing capability. In consequence, an extensional flow mixer (EFM) was designed. In this device, a liquid mixture is repeatedly exposed to extensional flow fields and semi-quiescent zones. The c-d channels are of progressively increasing intensity. To reduce the pressure drop, and to prevent blockage, slit restrictions are used. The EFM (as well as its newer, dynamic version – DEFM) is fully adjustable, general-purpose mixers. Several its versions have been used for: polymer blending, incorporation of elastomers into resins, and dispersion of high viscosity polymers or ”gel particles“. For most mixing applications a singe-screw extruder equipped with either EFM or DEFM performed at least as well as a co-rotating, inter-meshing twin-screw extruder, with high efficiency screw configuration.

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Duc, Bui Nhat, and Younggon Son. "Enhanced dispersion of multi walled carbon nanotubes by an extensional batch mixer in polymer/MWCNT nanocomposites." Composites Communications 21 (October 2020): 100420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100420.

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Tanoue, Shuichi, and Yoshiyuki Iemoto. "Numerical simulation of the flow in an extensional flow mixer. Effect of fluid elasticity on the flow." Polymer Engineering & Science 43, no. 1 (January 2003): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10022.

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Liang, Wang, Yin Xiaochun, He Guangjian, Feng Yanhong, and Qu Jinping. "Ultrasound-assisted melt mixing for the preparation of UHMWPE/OMMT nanocomposites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 6 (July 21, 2017): 784–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705717720972.

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Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared via a self-made vane mixer which could supply a synergy of ultrasound and extensional deformation. Structure and working principle of this novel mixer were illustrated in detail. Effects of the OMMT content, mixing time, and ultrasound treat time on composites’ morphology, rheological properties, and thermal properties were reported in terms of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM showed that the OMMT lay spacing increased from 2.82 nm to 3.29 nm and OMMT dispersed evenly in the matrix using this novel melt mixing equipment. It certified that the melt mixing procedure synergized by ultrasound and extensional deformation was very effective in the exfoliation of silicate layers and also the filler distribution and dispersion. DSC measurements revealed that the crystallization temperature ( Tc) had no visible change with increasing the OMMT content and the melting temperature ( Tm) and melting enthalpy crystallinity ( Xc) increased with the proper OMMT content. The higher Tm and Xc showed with the proper ultrasound treatment time, however, the Tc had no visible change. TGA showed that the onset temperature at which 20% weight loss of the material increased markedly in the case of UHMWPE/OMMT-1 wt% nanocomposite. The onset temperature slightly decreased with the use of ultrasound. Rheological analyses showed that all the samples exhibited non-Newtonian and shear thinning characteristics. Both the storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with continuous addition of the OMMT layers. It also indicated that the introduction of ultrasound tended to decrease the storage modulus and complex viscosity. Universal tensile test indicated that superior tensile strength occurred in samples containing OMMT layers.

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Chaisuriyathepkul, Anont, Krisda Suchiva, Pongdhorn Sea-Oui, and Chakrit Sirisinha. "Effect of Mixing Conditions on Phase Morphology of NR/EPDM Blends." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.467.

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A number of mixing parameters including mixing temperature, rotor speed, fill factor, mixing time, and loading sequence have strong influences on mixing quality. In this work, an in-house developed co-rotating batch mixer equipped with the MX2 rotors, which providing a combination of shear and extensional flows, was used to prepare NR/EPDM blends under various mixing temperatures, rotor speeds, and mixing times. Phase morphology and magnitude of coefficient of dispersive mixing (CDM) were used as qualitative and quantitative determination of mixing quality, respectively. It was found that the lower the mixing temperature, the greater the mixing quality would be obtained. The optimum rotor speed was observed at 60 rpm which was probably caused by the counter-balancing effect of shear stress and shear heating.

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Yin, Xiaochun, Sai Li, Guangjian He, Yanhong Feng, and Jingsong Wen. "Preparation and characterization of CNTs/UHMWPE nanocomposites via a novel mixer under synergy of ultrasonic wave and extensional deformation." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 43 (May 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.12.039.

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Yin, Xiaochun, Jihong Luo, Yanhong Feng, and Guangjian He. "Design of a vane mixer with controlled extensional/shear strength ratio and its application for carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composites." Polymer Engineering & Science 61, no. 6 (April 7, 2021): 1706–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.25694.

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Yin, Xiaochun, Liang Wang, Sai Li, Guangjian He, and Zhitao Yang. "Effects of surface modification of halloysite nanotubes on the morphology and the thermal and rheological properties of polypropylene/halloysite composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0025.

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AbstractEffects of unmodified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonnium bromide treated halloysite nanotubes (CTAB-HNTs) on the morphology as well as the thermal and rheological properties of the HNT-filled polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated. The composites were melt-blended with a novel vane mixer dominated by extensional deformation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy well demonstrated that ammonium molecules were successfully interacted with halloysite groups. Compared with unmodified HNTs, the modified HNTs had a better dispersion in the PP matrix. The degree of crystallinity increased with the introduction of HNTs into the PP matrix. Thermal analyses revealed that CTAB-HNTs can improve the composites’ thermal stability compared with unmodified HNTs. As for dynamic shear rheology, the PP/CTAB-HNT composites showed higher viscoelaticity than neat PP in most frequency regimes, and that the raw HNT/PP composites presented the opposite phenomenon. The relaxation time of PP melt and the availability of heterogeneous PP domains increased with the presence of CTAB-HNTs.

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Yang, Zhi-tao, Wen-hua Xu, Xiao-chun Yin, and Jin-ping Qu. "Properties and Morphology of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Calcium Carbonate Whiskers Composites Prepared by a Vane Mixer based on an Extensional Flow Field." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 57, no. 6 (June 3, 2018): 418–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2018.1468176.

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Utracki, L. A. "Polymeric Nanocomposites: Compounding and Performance." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18225.

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Polymeric nanocomposites (PNC) are binary mixtures of strongly interacting, inorganic platelets dispersed in a polymeric matrix. For full exfoliation, the thermodynamic miscibility is required. There are three basic methods of organically-modified clay dispersion that might result in PNC: (1) in polymer solution (followed by solvent removal), (2) in a monomer (followed by polymerization), and (3) in molten polymer (compounding). Most commercial PNC are produced by the second method, but it is the third one that has the greatest promise for the plastics industry. Similarly as during the manufacture of polymer blends, the layered silicates must be compatibilized by intercalation with organic salts and/or addition of functionalized macromolecules. Compounding affects the kinetics of dispersion process, but rarely the miscibility. Melt compounding is carried out either in a single-screw (SSE) or a twin-screw extruder (TSE). Furthermore, an extensional flow mixer (EFM) might be attached to an extruder. Two versions of EFM were evaluated: (1) designed for polymer homogenization and blending, and (2) designed for dispersing nano-particles. In this review, the dispersion of organoclay in polystyrene (PS), polyamide-6 (PA-6) or in polypropylene (PP) is discussed. The PNC based on PS or PA-6 contained two components (polymer and organoclay), whereas those based on PP in addition had a compatibilizer mixture of two maleated polypropylenes. Better dispersion was found compounding PNC's in a SSE + EFM than in TSE with or without EFM. The mechanical performance (tensile, flexural and impact) was examined.

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Hao, Yinghai, Fang Guo, Guifang Wu, Zhanfeng Hou, Na Li, Genhao Liu, Xiafan Cui, Dezhao Meng, Yuanyuan Li, and Xiwen Li. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Heat Transfer Characteristics Based on Internal Meshing Screw." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010220.

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The mixing and processing of high-viscosity materials play a pivotal role in composite material processing. In this context, the internal meshing screw mixer, rooted in volume extensional rheology, offers distinct advantages, including heightened mixing efficiency, exceptional material adaptability, and favorable thermomechanical properties. This research endeavors to advance our understanding of these qualities by presenting an in-depth exploration of internal meshing screw mixing. To facilitate this, an internal meshing screw mixing experimental apparatus was meticulously constructed, accompanied by extensive numerical simulations and experimental investigations into its heat transfer characteristics. Two distinct heat transfer modes are established: Mode 1 entails the transfer of the high temperature from the outer wall of the stator to the interior, while Mode 2 involves the transmission of the high temperature from the inner wall of the rotor to the exterior. The ensuing research yields several notable findings: 1. It is evident that higher rotational speeds lead to enhanced heat transfer efficiency across the board. However, among the three rotational speeds examined, 60 rpm emerges as the optimal parameter for achieving the highest heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, within this parameter, the heat transfer efficiency is superior in Mode 1 compared to Mode 2. 2. As eccentricity increases, a corresponding decline in comprehensive heat transfer efficiency is observed. Moreover, the impact of eccentricity on heat transfer efficiency becomes increasingly pronounced over time. 3. A lower gap dimension contributes to higher heat transfer within the system. Nevertheless, this heightened heat transfer comes at the expense of reduced stability in the heat transfer process. 4. It is demonstrated that heat transfer in Mode 1 primarily follows a convection heat transfer mechanism, while Mode 2 predominantly exhibits diffusion-based heat transfer. The heat transfer efficiency of Mode 1 significantly surpasses that of Mode 2. This research substantiates its findings with the potential to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of internal meshing screw mixers, thereby making a valuable contribution to the field of polymer engineering and science.

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Sanchez-Solis, Antonio, Ricardo Perez Chavez, and Octavio Manero Brito. "Analysis on the effect of nanographite obtained by an ultrasound technique in polypropylene compounds." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 2 (October 14, 2018): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718805181.

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In this work, the effect of inclusion of nanographite particles in a polypropylene (PP) matrix is studied. Nanographite particles were obtained through ultrasound exfoliation from graphite upon using a water-based hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) associative polymer as a surfactant. Results indicate that exfoliation renders particle size distribution ranging from 3 to 3000 nanometers. Nanographite was blended with PP through two extrusion processes: twin screw and single screw, the latter includes the coupling to a static-mixer head, to generate extensional flows. Concurrently, ultrasonic waves are applied to the molten flow through ultrasonic transducers attached to the mixing head, which induces high particle dispersion and good particle distribution in the polymer matrix. It was found that at HASE concentration of 5% by weight and sonication time of 14 days (period of the exfoliation process), optimum tensile properties of the compound were achieved. Also, with respect to the PP matrix, the rate of thermal degradation decreased from 2.1 (PP) to 1.9 (% °C−1), melt temperature ranged from 442°C (PP) to 396°C, and melt index decreased from 7.4 (PP) to 6.2 (g/10 min). Raman spectroscopy confirmed the exfoliation process, rendering sizes ranged from graphite particles of few graphene layers to micron-sized particles. Rheological measurements of the compounds revealed that the extrusion-ultrasound process influences the viscosity, storage, and loss moduli. The dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles improved the electromagnetic radiation shield (approximately 35%). The dielectric constant changed from 2.21 (pristine PP) to 9.02 for the compounds, which enables a good level of electrostatic charge dissipation.

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Hodgkinson, Richard, Stephen T. Chaffin, William B. J. Zimmerman, Chris Holland, and Jonathan R. Howse. "Extensional flow affecting shear viscosity: Experimental evidence and comparison to models." Journal of Rheology 66, no. 4 (July 2022): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000380.

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The effect of extensional flow on apparent shear viscosity has never previously been directly measured nor is it often considered. Here, for the first time, through using a novel flow configuration (two-phase shear response under extensional flow), we have directly measured the effect extensional flow has on the apparent shear viscosity of a viscoelastic polymer solution in a controlled and kinematically mixed manner. We show, via a control transient shear experiment, that the apparent shear viscosity of the solution under mixed deformation depends not only on the shear rate but also on the extension rate and their relative direction: shear thinning being enhanced by parallel and reduced by perpendicular extensional flow, respectively. A 62% reduction in apparent viscosity with parallel extension was seen in this work. We then test the ability of the commonly used Giesekus and Carreau–Yasuda (incorporating generalized shear rate) models to predict the effect of extension rate on apparent shear viscosity against our data. The Giesekus model was found to predict the correct qualitative behavior under both parallel and perpendicular extensional flow, and depending on the fitting parameters, also provided a loosely quantitative agreement. Conversely, the generalized shear rate description does not capture the qualitative behavior, with the most significant errors occurring for perpendicular extension (i.e., expansion) flows. This work emphasizes the rarely noted shortcomings of the latter approach when used for experimental analysis and engineering design when extensional flows are additionally present.

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Guo, Jian, Kaiyi Zang, Zihan Zhang, Liang Zhao, Jie Xu, and Zhengbin Xu. "Design of Low-Cost Full W-Band 8th Harmonic Mixers for Frequency Extension of Spectrum Analyzer." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 2023 (October 23, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/2023/8196039.

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High-order harmonic mixer is popular for frequency extension of spectrum analyzer (SA) from microwave to millimeter-wave or even terahertz band. The manufactures of SA usually offer expensive harmonic mixers where frequency extension is needed. In this work, low-cost designs of 2-port and 3-port W-band 8th harmonic mixers covering 75–110 GHz are proposed, and design method of two port mixer without frequency diplexer to separate local oscillator (LO) and intermediate frequency (IF) signals are first presented. These two kinds of mixers are compatible with almost all the current SAs with frequency extension options, which provides LO for the external harmonic mixer. The mixers are designed with planar microstrip lines and antiparallel Schottky diodes. The circuit of 2-port mixer includes the input broadband bandpass filter, diodes, output lowpass filter, and matching circuits. As for 3-port mixer, only an extra diplexer is needed to separate the IF signal and LO signal. The diplexer is composed of a planar semi-lumped lowpass and a highpass filter. The planar circuits are easily fabricated with low-cost print circuit board process on polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. The measured conversion loss of 2-port 8th harmonic mixer is from 20 to 26 dB, and 23 to 28 dB for 3-port mixer at full W-band. The good measured results indicate the proposed mixers are simple and effective.

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Lucht, Tore, and M. H. Aliabadi. "A New Correction Procedure to Correct the Predicted Crack Extension Direction of a Mixed Mode Crack Path." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.89.

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In an incremental crack extension analysis each crack increment is in general modelled with a straight extension. In order to avoid introduction of an error when the local crack growth criterion is used with an incremental formulation, each straight crack extension would have to be infinitesimal as the crack growth direction changes when the crack grows. A correction procedure to correct the extension direction of the increment can however be applied to ensure that a unique crack path is achieved with different analyses of the same problem performed with different size of the crack-extension increments. A proposed correction procedure and an reference correction procedure are demonstrated by solving a computational crack growth example. The demonstration shows that analyses of the crack path performed with big crack extensions and the proposed crack correction procedure are in excellent agreement with analyses of the crack path performed with very small crack extensions. Furthermore it is shown that the reference correction procedure has a tendency to overcorrect the crack growth direction if the stop criterion for the iterative correction procedure is not specified for each new crack growth analysis.

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Androulakis, George, and Ryan McGaha. "A variational quantum algorithm for approximating convex roofs." Quantum Information and Computation 22, no. 13&14 (September 2022): 1081–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic22.13-14-1.

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Many entanglement measures are first defined for pure states of a bipartite Hilbert space, and then extended to mixed states via the convex roof extension. In this article we alter the convex roof extension of an entanglement measure, to produce a sequence of extensions that we call $f$-$d$ extensions, for $d \in \mathbb{N}$, where $f:[0,1]\to [0, \infty)$ is a fixed continuous function which vanishes only at zero. We prove that for any such function $f$, and any continuous, faithful, non-negative function, (such as an entanglement measure), $\mu$ on the set of pure states of a finite dimensional bipartite Hilbert space, the collection of $f$-$d$ extensions of $\mu$ detects entanglement, i.e. a mixed state $\rho$ on a finite dimensional bipartite Hilbert space is separable, if and only if there exists $d \in \mathbb{N}$ such that the $f$-$d$ extension of $\mu$ applied to $\rho$ is equal to zero. We introduce a quantum variational algorithm which aims to approximate the $f$-$d$ extensions of entanglement measures defined on pure states. However, the algorithm does have its drawbacks. We show that this algorithm exhibits barren plateaus when used to approximate the family of $f$-$d$ extensions of the Tsallis entanglement entropy for a certain function $f$ and unitary ansatz $U(\theta)$ of sufficient depth. In practice, if additional information about the state is known, then one needs to avoid using the suggested ansatz for long depth of circuits.

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Dai, Xiang, Youlin Xu, Junyang Chen, and Jiaqiang Zheng. "Evaluation of Mixing Uniformity for Inline Mixers by Image Processing." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 2 (2020): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13005.

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HighlightsFour inline mixers with different structures are designed and tested for DNIS applications.A new method for evaluating inline mixing uniformity by image processing is presented.While higher carrier flow rates cause better uniformity, changes due to higher mixing ratios are complicated.The multi-injection jet mixer has simplified structure and relatively satisfactory mixing efficacy.Abstract. Effective and specialized mixing devices that can achieve pesticide injection and inline mixing simultaneously are required to achieve better mixing efficacy in direct nozzle injection systems (DNISs), especially when high-viscosity pesticides are used. To evaluate the inline mixing efficacies of four inline mixers with different structures under various application conditions and to propose optimized structures for those inline mixers, a new method for evaluating uniformity based on image processing is presented. The results of experiments show that the proposed method is adequate for determining mixing uniformity. The mixing uniformity of each mixer increased with carrier flow rates (Q) ranging from 800 to 2,000 mL min-1, but the variations were less significant than those achieved by varying the mixing ratio (P) from 1:100 to 10:100. The mixing uniformity in the jet mixer (mixer A) clearly decreased with an increase in P at different values of Q because the pesticide gradually concentrated on one side of the detection tube. The layered mixer (mixer B) performed better than mixer A, especially at high P. The extension tube installed downstream of mixer B to improve uniformity was shorter than that of mixer A. Mixer C, whose structure was a combination of mixers A and B, had optimal mixing efficacy and the most complicated structure. The uniformity of the multi-injection jet mixer (mixer D) (Haverage = 12.46) obtained by simplifying mixer C was superior to that of mixers A (Haverage = 15.35) and B (Haverage = 14.65) but inferior to that of mixer C (Haverage = 4.08). With a relatively simple structure, mixer D may generally meet the uniformity requirements, thus resulting in advantages for practical use in DNISs, although further structural optimization of mixer D seems necessary. Keywords: Direct nozzle injection system, Image processing, Inline mixers, Mixing uniformity, Principal component analysis, Various application conditions.

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Zhao, Junmeng, Wenjiao Xiao, Xinfa Chen, Xiaojun Wang, Yong Song, Baoli Bian, Xiankang Zhang, et al. "Mixed crystalline basement of Junggar basin revealed by wide-angle seismic evidence." Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-1-8-29.

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A wide-angle seismic reflection / refraction survey along a ~ 600 km long transect through the Junggar basin from Emin to Qitai allows to receive several images near N-S trending blind faults, which are located at the lower part of the upper crust, the middle crust and the lower crust within the basin and cut up the Moho. These faults, with high seismic velocity and without obvious dislocation, are considered as “extensional faults” formed by north-south compression and east-west extension. These deeply rooted faults provide channels via which basic to ultra-basic materials from upper mantle migrate into the crust and mix up with the crustal material causing thin thickness, high seismic velocity, high density and high magnetic intensity after cooling in the crust of the basin.

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Kang, B. G., and M. H. Park. "Krull dimension of mixed extensions." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 213, no. 10 (October 2009): 1911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2009.02.010.

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Hill, Paul, and William Ullery. "Trim Extensions of Mixed Groups." Communications in Algebra 35, no. 3 (February 27, 2007): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927870601042050.

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Idziak, S. H. J., S. E. Welch, M. Kisilak, C. Mugford, G. Potvin, L. Veldhuis, and E. B. Sirota. "Undulating membrane structure under mixed extensional-shear flow." European Physical Journal E 6, no. 2 (October 2001): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101890170015.

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Batat, Wided. "Luxury service brand extensions and their spillover effects on customers’ evaluations of luxury gastronomy foodservice: The case of Michelin-starred restaurants." Hospitality & Society 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 265–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/hosp_00057_1.

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Drawing on a consumer perspective, this article identifies the types of brand extension strategies in the luxury hospitality and foodservice field and their spillover effects on consumers’ evaluations of the image of the parent brand of the luxury restaurant. Using a multi-method approach combining focus groups and in-depth interviews, we conducted an exploratory qualitative research study utilizing 35 participants to examine their perceptions of Michelin-starred restaurants’ extension strategies and how they can affect customers’ attitudes towards the images of Michelin-starred chefs and the luxury gastronomic sector overall. The study found that not only brand extension types count when examining the spillover effects ‐ positive, negative and mixed ‐ on customers’ evaluation of the parent brand image. Two other elements should be considered: a brand’s strategic focus (i.e. personal, social or functional) and customers’ acquaintance and levels of knowledge of the consumption field in which the parent brand operates. Our results contribute to the literature on brand extensions and spillover effects that mainly focus on products. Thus, the findings provide valuable insights into service brand extension factors that influence customers’ perceptions and attitudes towards luxury service brands and thus contribute to scholars’ calls for more studies on brand extensions and their effects in the service field ‐ ones combining hospitality, luxury and the foodservice industry.

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LAULUSA, A., and J. N. REDDY. "A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF VARIOUS NONLINEAR BEAM FINITE ELEMENTS." International Journal of Computational Methods 09, no. 04 (December 2012): 1250045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876212500454.

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The characteristics of interdependent interpolation and mixed interpolation nonlinear beam finite elements are investigated in comparison with the equal-order interpolation element with uniform reduced integration. The stiffness matrix of the 3-noded and 4-noded equal order interpolation elements is identical to that of the 2-noded interdependent interpolation element if the internal nodal degrees-of-freedom are eliminated. The extension of the latter to include nonlinear kinematics by approximating the extensional displacement and the twist rotation with quadratic and cubic Lagrange polynomials yields unsatisfactory results. The 2-noded, 3-noded, and 4-noded mixed interpolation elements using one-, two-, and three-point quadrature rules, respectively, are shown to be equivalent to the corresponding uniform interpolation elements employing the same quadrature rules. The equivalence is established in the framework of nonlinear kinematics and anisotropic couplings.

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Esparza Encalada, Willam Ricardo, Wilson Herrera, and Luís Chamorro. "Manufacture of a non-woven using bamboo cellulose base (angustifolia) as a filter medium for the manufacture of masks." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2852.

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The purpose of this study was to produce a non-woven, using a base of bamboo cellulose (angustifolia) with a particle size of 1mm, and it begins with the weighing of 100 g bamboo cellulose, which is mixed with a bath ratio bamboo / water 1:10 in a mixer grinder, placing 1 liter of water mixes and forms a viscous solution, this solution is placed on a frame stretched with polyester woven mesh and another frame without mesh, once the layer is formed, it is remove the upper frame without mesh and compress it manually with a sponge, removing excess water and drying in the room at a temperature of 20 0C for 8 hours, evaporated the moisture from the bamboo cellulose (angustifolia) and dried, separated from the frame and a laminated nonwoven (filter) was obtained. Finding that the breaking strength and its elongation in thickness of 0.3mm is 2.73 N and 0.895 mm respectively and thickness of 5mm is 31.2 N and 1.01 mm. The resistance and extension is very low in the two cases, and there are no statistically significant differences between their sample medians (p> 0.05). It can be concluded that when using bamboo cellulose base with a particle size of 1mm, and forming the non-woven with thickness of 0.5mm and 3mm, it has low resistance and extension, finding that if the raw material has an influence on the conformation of the non-woven.

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Liedtke, Christian, and Yuya Matsumoto. "Good reduction of K3 surfaces." Compositio Mathematica 154, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x17007400.

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Let $K$ be the field of fractions of a local Henselian discrete valuation ring ${\mathcal{O}}_{K}$ of characteristic zero with perfect residue field $k$. Assuming potential semi-stable reduction, we show that an unramified Galois action on the second $\ell$-adic cohomology group of a K3 surface over $K$ implies that the surface has good reduction after a finite and unramified extension. We give examples where this unramified extension is really needed. Moreover, we give applications to good reduction after tame extensions and Kuga–Satake Abelian varieties. On our way, we settle existence and termination of certain flops in mixed characteristic, and study group actions and their quotients on models of varieties.

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BALDUCCINI, MARCELLO, DANIELE MAGAZZENI, MARCO MARATEA, and EMILY C. LEBLANC. "CASP solutions for planning in hybrid domains." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 17, no. 4 (July 2017): 591–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068417000187.

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AbstractConstraint answer set programming (CASP) is an extension of answer set programming that allows for numerical constraints to be added in the rules. PDDL+ is an extension of the PDDL standard language of automated planning for modeling mixed discrete-continuous dynamics. In this paper, we present CASP solutions for dealing with PDDL+ problems, i.e., encoding from PDDL+ to CASP, and extensions to the algorithm of the ezcsp CASP solver in order to solve CASP programs arising from PDDL+ domains. An experimental analysis, performed on well-known linear and non-linear variants of PDDL+ domains, involving various configurations of the ezcsp solver, other CASP solvers, and PDDL+ planners, shows the viability of our solution.

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Osborne, T. J. "Convex hulls of varieties and entanglement measures based on the roof construction." Quantum Information and Computation 7, no. 3 (March 2007): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic7.3-3.

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In this paper we study the problem of calculating the convex hull of certain affine algebraic varieties. As we explain, the motivation for considering this problem is that certain pure-state measures of quantum entanglement, which we call \emph{polynomial entanglement measures}, can be represented as affine algebraic varieties. We consider the evaluation of certain mixed-state extensions of these polynomial entanglement measures, namely \emph{convex and concave roofs}. We show that the evaluation of a roof-based mixed-state extension is equivalent to calculating a hyperplane which is multiply tangent to the variety in a number of places equal to the number of terms in an optimal decomposition for the measure. In this way we provide an \emph{implicit} representation of optimal decompositions for mixed-state entanglement measures based on the roof construction.

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Wang, Fen, Zhi Xia He, Yue Ma, and Chang Si Li. "Numerical Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Cavitation of the Impinging Streams Mixer." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.951.

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The impinging streams mixer is a new type micromixer. The cavitation phenomenon occurring in the mixers with T-shaped impinging streams (TS), conical impinging streams (CIS), vortex streams(VS) were investigated, respectively. The distribution of flow field in the mixer was simulated and calculated by commercial software Fluent 6.2.1. The results showed that under the same working conditions, a more obvious hydrodynamic cavitation may occur in the CIS type impinging stream than that in the CIS type or the VS type, and the vortex flow lead to an extension of the material residence time in the mixer. The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy and gas holdup were obtained by numerical simulating hydrodynamic cavitation under different entrance pressure conditions. It is showed that when the outlet pressure keeps a constant value, hydrodynamic cavitation can be enhanced by increasing the entrance pressure. The above research can be contributed to the producing of biodiesel and the solving of the key technical problem of oil and alcohol heterogeneous mixing.

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Alomari, Mohammad W., Gabriel Bercu, Christophe Chesneau, and Hala Alaqad. "On Some Inequalities for the Generalized Euclidean Operator Radius." Axioms 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060542.

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In the literature, there are many criteria to generalize the concept of a numerical radius; one of the most recent and interesting generalizations is the so-called generalized Euclidean operator radius, which reads: ωpT1,⋯,Tn:=supx=1∑i=1nTix,xp1/p,p≥1, for all Hilbert space operators T1,⋯,Tn. Simply put, it is the numerical radius of multivariable operators. This study establishes a number of new inequalities, extensions, and generalizations for this type of numerical radius. More precisely, by utilizing the mixed Schwarz inequality and the extension of Furuta’s inequality, some new refinement inequalities are obtained for the numerical radius of multivariable Hilbert space operators. In the case of n=1, the resulting inequalities could be considered extensions and generalizations of the classical numerical radius.

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Cai, Jun, Hui Yuan Liu, Li Hui Zhang, and Zhong Wang. "The Optimal Unit Green Extension — Considering Different Demand Patterns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1357.

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Actuated signals are able to adjust phase intervals in a real-time manner, in response to the traffic conditions obtained from vehicle detectors. These adjustments are implemented through a set of pre-determined controller parameters, including the unit green extension. This paper develops a model based on cell transmission model (CTM) to optimize the unit green extension, explicitly considering the stochastic demand arrivals, which, from a disaggregated view, imposes significant impact on individual vehicle delay and thus influences the overall system performance. The vehicle actuation logic is mathematically formulated as a system of equalities and inequalities. Genetic algorithm is employed to solve the resulted mixed-integer problem and numerical examples are presented to generate optimal unit green extensions under various demand patterns.

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Dörsek, Philipp, and Jens M. Melenk. "Symmetry-Free, p-Robust Equilibrated Error Indication for the hp-Version of the FEM in Nearly Incompressible Linear Elasticity." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2013-0007.

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Abstract. We consider the extension of the p-robust equilibrated error estimator due to Braess, Pillwein and Schöberl to linear elasticity. We derive a formulation where the local mixed auxiliary problems do not require symmetry of the stresses. The resulting error estimator is p-robust, and the reliability estimate is also robust in the incompressible limit if quadratics are included in the approximation space. Extensions to other systems of linear second-order partial differential equations are discussed. Numerical simulations show only moderate deterioration of the effectivity index for a Poisson ratio close to .

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Girard, M., P. Thélin, and A. Steck. "Synorogenic extension in the Tethyan Himalaya documented by structural studies and the Kübler index, Lachung La area, NW India." Clay Minerals 36, no. 2 (June 2001): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985501750177960.

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AbstractTectonic observations in the Tethyan Himalaya reveal an important extensional event that succeeds the emplacement of SW-verging nappes. A major thrust, called the Kum Tso Thrust, has been backfolded and reactivated by normal faulting associated with this event.Measurements of the Kübler index, coupled with characterization of clay-size paragenesis show the effect of normal faulting on the regional metamorphic zonation and indicate that important extension zones, like the Sarchu-Lachung La Normal Fault Zone (SLFZ), exist within the Tethyan Himalaya. Diagenetic limestones from within the SLFZ are characterized by the occurrence of mixed-layered clay phases, kaolinite and an illite with a 001 peak >0.4 Δ°2θ. This zone is bordered by two anchizonal-to-epizonal zones, where illite peaks become narrower. Further to the NE the successive appearance of biotite, chloritoid, garnet and garnet-staurolite-kyanite assemblages testifies to an increase in metamorphic grade. The cataclastic samples from the normal faults contain kaolinite, smectite and a ‘broad’ illite, indicating that extension occurs under diagenetic conditions.

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Battigalli, Pierpaolo, Simone Cerreia-Vioglio, Fabio Maccheroni, and Massimo Marinacci. "Mixed extensions of decision problems under uncertainty." Economic Theory 63, no. 4 (May 7, 2016): 827–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-016-0972-5.

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Juniarti, Rosa Prafitri, and Adi Zakaria Afiff. "Consumer response to different advertising appeals: The role of brand value and the perceptual fit of an extended brand for high-involvement products." JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi dan Manajemen 17, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31106/jema.v17i2.6683.

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Brand extension is a topic that has been widely discussed by academics and practitioners in various studies. Unfortunately, there are only a few that address the role of product involvement, advertising appeals, and value dimensions in the extension acceptance as their main issue. Therefore, this study aims to mixed three controlling factors which are product involvement, advertising appeals, and brand value dimensions in determining how consumers respond to the parent brand and extended brand. This study was designed to test the possible interaction in a 2x2x2 full-factorial between advertising appeals (informational vs. emotional), brand extension perceived fit (high vs. low), and value dimension (symbolic vs. functional) for high involvement products. This study confirmed that there were significant differences in the main effects for both consumers' evaluation toward brand extension and the parent brand in the case of a symbolic brand and the high fit of extensions. Emotional appeals play important role in enhancing this degree because of the high level of its brand associations. As symbolic brand often referred as premium brand, the more positive the level of quality perception, the higher level of consumers' evaluation toward brand and brand loyalty will be. Thus, the more loyal consumer to the parent brand, the more positive evaluations of the extension will be.

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Al-Junaid, H., and T. Kazmierski. "Analogue and mixed-signal extension to SystemC." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 152, no. 6 (2005): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20045204.

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Tomasko, Lisa, Ronald W. Helms, and Steven M. Snapinn. "A discriminant analysis extension to mixed models." Statistics in Medicine 18, no. 10 (May 30, 1999): 1249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990530)18:10<1249::aid-sim125>3.0.co;2-#.

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Jiménez-Garrido, Javier, Javier Sanz, and Gerhard Schindl. "Ultraholomorphic extension theorems in the mixed setting." Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis 14, no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 1630–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43037-020-00073-y.

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Yang, Fan, M. Santosh, Sung Won Kim, Hongying Zhou, and Youn Joong Jeong. "Late Mesozoic intraplate rhyolitic volcanism in the North China Craton: Far-field effect of the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 1-2 (May 23, 2019): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35123.1.

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Abstract The Late Mesozoic was characterized by extensive volcanism, crustal extension, lithospheric thinning, and craton destruction in the North China Craton (NCC). Here we investigate the petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and Lu-Hf isotope of rhyolitic rocks from the Chicheng region of China along the northern margin of the NCC to constrain their petrogenesis, magma evolution, and associated geodynamic processes. The newly obtained zircon U-Pb age data constrain the eruption age of rhyolitic rocks at ca. 144–114 Ma during the Early Cretaceous with multiple magmatic pulses at ca. 141, ca. 137, and ca. 130 Ma as defined by the age peaks. Zircon Hf isotopic data show markedly negative εHf(t) values of –23.0 to –11.8, and corresponding Hf crustal model ages (TDMC) are in the range of ca. 2650 to 1944 Ma, suggesting magma derivation through melting of Paleoproterozoic crustal materials with minor input of reworked Neoarchean components. Geochemically, the rhyolitic rocks correspond to A-type granites, with a mixed arc- and subduction-related signature, although generated in an extensional intraplate setting through partial melting of the mafic lower crust and upper crustal fractional crystallization. We correlate the late Mesozoic intraplate volcanism to the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate and its far-field effect. Lithospheric extension and slab rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate are considered as the main triggers for the multiple eruptions. The late Mesozoic volcanism in the study area and adjacent regions also broadly coincide with the tectonic transition from the Paleozoic Paleo-Asian to Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction realm with concomitant compressional to extensional tectonic regime.

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Wagner, Caroline E., and Gareth H. McKinley. "The importance of flow history in mixed shear and extensional flows." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 233 (July 2016): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2016.02.007.

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Adewale Otunla, Caleb, S. G. Jonathan, O. O. Idowu, and O. J. Olawuyi. "Mycelial growth and sclerotia production of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) singer on four sawdust types at three composting intervals." Agronomski glasnik 80, no. 2 (January 4, 2019): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/ag.80.2.3.

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Mushrooms are consumed for their flavor, aroma, nutritive and medicinal values. The basis of this study is to boost protein production for human consumption. Studies were conducted to investigate the growth and yield of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr) Singer on four sawdust types derived from mango, cassia, neem and their mixed bed. The treatments consisted of factorial combination in complete randomized design at three different weeks of composting intervals (WCI) of 4, 8 and 12 in three replicates. A progressive increment in the growth and yield parameters was observed. The data taken were sclerotia weight (SW), biological efficiency (BE), production efficiency (PE), mycelia extension and average extension per day. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results obtained revealed that while cassia sawdust substrate produced was best in terms of SW, BE and PE (35.34 g, 33.66% and 13.51% respectively) at 8WCI, mango sawdust produced the highest SW (37.44 g), BE (35.66%) and PE (18.28%) at 12 WCI. While the mixed bed produced the least SW at both 4 and 8 WCI in comparison with others, neem produced the least SW at 12 WCI. However, the longest mycelia extensions and extension per day were obtained in neem at the 4 and 8 WCI. As the composting intervals increased, there was a significant increment in the yield from mango sawdust thus making it the best among all the sawdusts investigated in this study.

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Aravire, Roberto, Ahmed Laghribi, and Manuel O'Ryan. "Cohomological kernels of mixed extensions in characteristic 2." Journal of Algebra 542 (January 2020): 249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2019.09.012.

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Haemers, Willem H. "Spectral characterization of mixed extensions of small graphs." Discrete Mathematics 342, no. 10 (October 2019): 2760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2018.02.005.

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de Leon, A. R., and Y. Zhu. "ANOVA extensions for mixed discrete and continuous data." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 52, no. 4 (January 2008): 2218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2007.07.018.

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46

Guccione, Jorge A., Juan J. Guccione, and Christian Valqui. "Cyclic homology of cleft extensions of algebras." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 17, no. 05 (April 26, 2018): 1850091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498818500913.

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Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative algebra with [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a cleft extension of [Formula: see text]. We obtain a new mixed complex, simpler than the canonical one, giving the Hochschild and cyclic homologies of [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text]. This complex resembles the canonical reduced mixed complex of an augmented algebra. We begin the study of our complex showing that it has a harmonic decomposition like the one considered by Cuntz and Quillen for the normalized mixed complex of an algebra.

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Ushakov, A. L. "ANALYSIS OF THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THE POISSON EQUATION." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Mathematics. Mechanics. Physics" 14, no. 1 (2022): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/mmph220107.

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The mixed boundary value problem for the Poisson equation is considered in a bounded flat domain. The continuation of this problem through the boundary with the Dirichlet condition to a rectangular domain is carried out. Consideration of the continued problem in the operator form is proposed. To solve the continued problem, a method of iterative extensions is formulated in an operator form. The extended problem in operator form is considered on a finitedimensional subspace. To solve the previous problem, an iterative extension method is formulated in operator form on a finite-dimensional subspace. The continued problem is presented in matrix form. To solve the continued problem in matrix form, the method of iterative extensions in matrix form is formulated. It is shown that in the proposed versions of the method of iterative extensions, the relative errors converge in a rate that is stronger than the energy norm of the extended problem with the rate of geometric progression. The iterative parameters in these methods are selected using the minimum residual method. Conditions are indicated that are sufficient for the convergence of the applied iterative processes. An algorithm is written that implements the method of iterative extensions in matrix form. In this algorithm, the iterative parameters are automatically selected and the stopping criterion is indicated when the estimate of the required accuracy is reached. Examples of application of the method of iterative extensions for solving problems on a computer are given.

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Schwartz, Odelia, Terrence J. Sejnowski, and Peter Dayan. "Soft Mixer Assignment in a Hierarchical Generative Model of Natural Scene Statistics." Neural Computation 18, no. 11 (November 2006): 2680–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.11.2680.

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Gaussian scale mixture models offer a top-down description of signal generation that captures key bottom-up statistical characteristics of filter responses to images. However, the pattern of dependence among the filters for this class of models is prespecified. We propose a novel extension to the gaussian scale mixturemodel that learns the pattern of dependence from observed inputs and thereby induces a hierarchical representation of these inputs. Specifically, we propose that inputs are generated by gaussian variables (modeling local filter structure), multiplied by a mixer variable that is assigned probabilistically to each input from a set of possible mixers. We demonstrate inference of both components of the generative model, for synthesized data and for different classes of natural images, such as a generic ensemble and faces. For natural images, the mixer variable assignments show invariances resembling those of complex cells in visual cortex; the statistics of the gaussian components of the model are in accord with the outputs of divisive normalization models. We also show how our model helps interrelate a wide range of models of image statistics and cortical processing.

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Chen, Hao, Molin Guo, David Schiraldi, and João M. Maia. "Morphology optimization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyamide blends compatibilized via extension-dominated twin-screw extrusion." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2020-0229.

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Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyamide (PA) are immiscible polymers, which requires the use of compatibilizers to stabilize the morphology and achieve acceptable property levels. Therefore, controlling the degree of dispersion, especially the size of the disperse PA droplets in the PET matrix is of paramount importance. This study aims to improve the mixing, i.e., minimize PA droplet size, in immiscible and compatibilized PET/PA and PET/Nylon-MXD6 (MXD6) blends by resorting to extension-dominated mixing in twin-screw extrusion (TSE). MXD6 is an aromatic polyamide similar in polarity to PET, so it is expected that it will blend more effectively than is the case with aliphatic nylon-6 and PET. Two screw configurations are used, a benchmark shear-dominated screw with kneading blocks (KBs) in an aggressive configuration, and an extension-dominated screw configuration with static mixers with hyperbolic C–D channels, recently developed by our group, in place of the KBs. The results show that the use of extensional mixing elements (EMEs) in place of KBs results in a significant decrease of both average and maximum droplet size for all blends, and up to more than one order of magnitude between the most extreme cases of the KB-processed immiscible blend and EME-processed compatibilized blends.

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Haller, Hans. "On the Mixed Extension of a Strategic Game1." Studies in Microeconomics 1, no. 2 (November 19, 2013): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022213501256.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Extensional mixer'

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