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Journal articles on the topic 'Extent of Problems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 8 July 2025

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1

Knezevic, Aleksandar, and Gordana Vojkovic. "Spatial extent in demographic research - approach and problems." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 2 (2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd160112001k.

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One of the starting methodological problems in demographic research is the definition of spatial extent, which mostly doesn?t correspond to spatial extent already defined by different levels of administrative-territorial unitsthat are used for distribution of usable statistical data. That?s why determining the spatial extent of a demographic research is closely tied with administrative-territorial division of the territory that is being researched, wherein the fact that differentiation of demographic phenomena and processes cannot be the only basis of setting the principles of regionalization must be strictly acknowledged. This problem is particularly common in historical demographic analyses of geographically determined wholes, which are in administratively-territorial sense represented by one or more smaller territorial units, with their borders changing through the history, which directly affects comparability of the statistical data, and makes it considerably more difficult to track demographic change through longer time intervals. The result of these efforts is usually a solution based on a compromise which enables us to examine the dynamics of population change with little deviation from already defined borders of regional geographic wholes. For that reason in this paper the problem of defining spatial extent in demographic research is examined trough several different approaches in case of Eastern Serbia, as a geographically determined region, a historic area, a spatially functioning whole and as a statistical unit for demographic research, with no judgment calls in regard to any of the regionalization principles.

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2

Agarwal, Pankaj K., and R. Sharathkumar. "Streaming Algorithms for Extent Problems in High Dimensions." Algorithmica 72, no. 1 (2013): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-013-9846-4.

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3

Andrews, Florence Kellner, George Maddox, Lee N. Robins, and Nathan Rosenberg. "Nature and Extent of Alcohol Problems among the Elderly." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 1 (1987): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071202.

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4

Bender, Eve. "APA Survey Documents Extent of MH Problems in Military." Psychiatric News 43, no. 11 (2008): 2–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.43.11.0002.

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5

Gulino, Claire. "Nature and extent of alcohol problems among the elderly." Geriatric Nursing 7, no. 4 (1986): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(86)80085-4.

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6

Ortigosa-Hernández, Jonathan, Iñaki Inza, and Jose A. Lozano. "Measuring the class-imbalance extent of multi-class problems." Pattern Recognition Letters 98 (October 2017): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2017.08.002.

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7

Mwakalonge, Judith, Saidi Siuhi, and Jamario White. "Distracted walking: Examining the extent to pedestrian safety problems." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 2, no. 5 (2015): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2015.08.004.

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8

Mattsson, Leif. "Hunting in Sweden: Extent, economic values and structural problems." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 5, no. 1-4 (1990): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589009382639.

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9

Mayfield, D. "Nature and Extent of Alcohol Problems among the Elderly." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 47, no. 1 (1986): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1986.47.91a.

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10

Rachlin, Howard. "Problems with internalization." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 5 (2005): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05310119.

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Ainslie's Breakdown of Will contains important insights into real world self-control problems, but it loses testability to the extent that it internalizes concepts whose meaning lies in overt behavior and its consequences.

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11

Packel, Edward W. "The extent to which linear problems have linear optimal algorithms." Banach Center Publications 21, no. 1 (1988): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/-21-1-341-357.

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12

Gillberg, Christopher, and Peder Rasmussen. "To what extent are learning and behavioural problems brain related?" Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 108, no. 2 (2003): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00128.x.

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13

Fajardo, Gladys, and H. Hörnicke. "Problems in estimating the extent of coprophagy in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 62, no. 3 (1989): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890057.

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The quantity of re-ingested faeces was calculated by comparing faecal dry matter of unrestricted rats and coprophagy-restricted rats after correcting for differences in food intake. Due to high day-to-day variations of produced and re-ingested faeces it was not possible to calculate precisely the extent of coprophagy of an individual rat at a particular day with this difference method. Reliable quantitative estimates require at least two rats and a collection period of 7 d. When fed on a nutritionally complete diet, rats re-ingested 0-11 % of their faeces. When fed on low-protein diets (66 g egg albumin/kg) or diets diluted with 200 g cellulose/kg, coprophagy was not significantly increased. A high re-ingestion rate (6–25 %) was observed with thiamin and pantothenic acid deficiencies. After re-ingestion of faeces had been prevented for 1 week, the amount of faeces re-ingested during the subsequent week without tail-cups was increased twofold. It is concluded that rats are able to regulate the amount of faeces eaten precisely according to their requirements.

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14

Bick, Debra, and Christine MacArthur. "The extent, severity and effect of health problems after childbirth." British Journal of Midwifery 3, no. 1 (1995): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1995.3.1.27.

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15

Wojnicki, Jacek. "Problemy współczesnego parlamentaryzmu bułgarskiego – zagadnienia instytucjonalne i funkcjonalne." Studia Politologiczne, no. 3/2023(69) (July 10, 2023): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2023.69.5.

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The article is dedicated to the problems of contemporary Bulgarian parliamentarism, both in the institutional and functional dimension. First, the evolution of the position of the Bulgarian parliament since 1878 will be presented, albeit in a cursory way, then the current constitutional regulations, before moving on to contemporary issues. The main research question is to what extent the problems of dysfunction of the Bulgarian parliamentarism result from structural reasons and to what extent from functional ones. Several research methods were used in the work – legal and institutional analysis, historical and descriptive analysis as well as a comparative and systemic method.

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16

Keegstra, A. L., W. A. Knijff, W. J. Post, and S. M. Goorhuis-Brouwer. "Children with language problems in a speech and hearing clinic: Background variables and extent of language problems." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 71, no. 5 (2007): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.001.

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17

Bruun, Per, F. Gerritsen, and W. H. Morgan. "FLORIDA COASTAL PROBLEMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 6 (2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v6.26.

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Florida is at war with coastal problems, Waves and tides threaten to wipe out its priceless heritage of sandy tropical beaches on two seas. Many communities have suffered enormous losses because of beach erosion in the last few years. The annual loss of land is approximately 300 to 500 acres. Man-made fills in bays and waterways are detrimental to inlets and channels. Practically all of these fill operations have been carried out without any previous hydrographic or hydrological surveys. This paper explains the nature and extent of these problems in Florida and gives recommendations for solving them.

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18

Bili, Yunita Reny Bani. "To What Extent Does Language Encourage Cross Cultural Problems in Intercultural Communication?" International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 6 (2020): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.6.14.

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Intercultural communication plays pivotal role in cross-cultural social context. Some scholars argue that the lack of language proficiency and competency may contribute to negative phenomena in the communication setting. However, this research paper argues that the failure to embrace cultural and psychological factors also pose serious cross-cultural problems. The study employed library research to gain evidences for this research. The result shows that insufficient cultural knowledge leads to injured feelings and judgment of impoliteness in cross-cultural setting. In addition, negative ethnocentrism and stereotype are the psychological factors that also triggered the problems. As the solution towards the barriers, this paper also suggests several strategies to establish successful intercultural communication when conducting verbal and non-verbal communication.

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19

Sheehan, Nancy W. "The Extent and Nature of Alcohol-Related Problems in Public Senior Housing." Journal of Aging & Social Policy 9, no. 1 (1997): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j031v09n01_05.

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20

Wojnicki, Jacek. "Problemy współczesnego parlamentaryzmu Serbii – zagadnienia instytucjonalne i funkcjonalne. Tradycja a współczesność." Studia Politologiczne, no. 3/2024 (73) (September 30, 2024): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2024.73.3.

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The article is dedicated to the problems of contemporary Serbian parliamentarism, both in the institutional and functional dimension. First, the evolution of the position of the Serbian parliament since 1835 will be presented, albeit in a cursory way, then the current constitutional regulations, before moving on to contemporary issues. The main research question is to what extent the problems of dysfunction of the Serbian parliamentarism result from structural reasons and to what extent from functional ones. Several research methods were used in the work – legal and institutional analysis, historical and descriptive analysis as well as a comparative and systemic method.

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21

Scott, Keith G., Rachel Nonkin Avchen, and Holly A. Hollomon. "Epidemiology of Child Developmental Problems: The Extent of the Problems of Poor Development in Children from Deprived Backgrounds." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 20, no. 1 (1999): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659902000105.

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22

Abdulkhayev, Elyorbek Khahramonjon o'g'li. "SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GLOBAL PROBLEMS IN UZBEKISTAN." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 4 (2023): 839–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865898.

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23

Noveck, Ira A., and David P. O'Brien. "To What Extent Do Pragmatic Reasoning Schemas Affect Performance on Wason's Selection Task?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 49, no. 2 (1996): 463–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755623.

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Cheng and Holyoak's (1985) most persuasive evidence for pragmatic reasoning schema theory has been the finding that an abstract permission version of Wason's selection task yields higher rates of solution than a nonpragmatic control. Experiment 1 presented two problem sets, one modelled after Cheng and Holyoak's abstract permission problem, which is relativley rich in extraneous features, and one after Wason's, relatively impoverished, standard problem. Each problem set varied type of rule (permission, obligation, or nonpragmatic) and task type (to reason from or about a rule). Results revealed that enriched problems were solved more often than impoverished ones, that reasoning-from problems were solved more often than reasoning-about problems, and that there was a beneficial interaction between enriching features and the permission rule. Experiment 2 demonstrated that although explicit negatives were crucial for solution of reasoning-from permission problems, they played no role in solution of enriched nonpragmatic-rule problems. Experiment 3 provided a replication of the enriched reasoning-from permission problem, again revealed no beneficial effect for obligation-rule problems, and further revealed no influence of instructions to provide brief written justifications. We argue that the results show that the scope of pragmatic reasoning schema theory needs to be narrowed, that although a permission rule does have an effect, an obligation rule does not, and that some beneficial task features are independent of anything explained by pragmatic reasoning schema theory.

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24

Gladwell, Graham M. L. "Inverse Problems in Vibration." Applied Mechanics Reviews 39, no. 7 (1986): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3149517.

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This article concerns infinitesimal free vibrations of undamped elastic systems of finite extent. A review is made of the literature relating to the unique reconstruction of a vibrating system from natural frequency data. The literature is divided into two groups—those papers concerning discrete systems, for which the inverse problems are closely related to matrix inverse eigenvalue problems, and those concerning continuous systems governed either by one or the other of the Sturm–Liouville equations or by the Euler–Bernoulli equation for flexural vibrations of a thin beam.

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25

Popova, E.N., and A.A. Solovyev. "Legislative problems of the "Degree of localization" for renewable energy power." Journal of Environmental Earth and Еnergy Study (JEEES), no. 2 (2019) (July 11, 2019): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3329183.

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The article discusses legal problems of state mechanism of determination of "extent of localization" of the generating equipment on energy production on the basis of renewable sources in quality of one of obstacles for obtaining by the enterprises the status of the qualified producer of energy based on renewable sources.

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26

Hanna, Sunkara, and Lata Pujar. "Prevalence of Health Problems among Elderly in Rural and Urban Areas of Dharwad, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (2024): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1303.019.

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As people age, many age-related changes are common such as decline in vision and hearing, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, weakened immune system, diabetes, depression and dementia. The sample for the present study comprised of 90 rural and 90 urban elderly were selected through snowball method from Dharwad Taluk. Health status of elderly was assessed by using Ageing schedule Badiger and Kamat (2009). Results revealed that majority of the elderly from urban area had common health problems to a greater extent such as poor vision (54.5%), dental problems (52.4%), depression (51%), back pain (50%), uncontrollable bladder (47.7%) and reproductive problems (45.5%). With regard rural elderly most of them had common health problems to some extent like poor vision (65.5%), poor hearing (52.2%), dental problems (50%) and uncontrollable bladder (48.8%). About chronic health problems, more than half of rural elderly (to some extent) and urban elderly (to greater extent) had hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and respiratory problems. The rate of overall health status was good among rural elderly as compared to urban elderly. However, many elderly from both areas had no common/chronic health problems like skin issues, tremors, fatigue, dementia, headache, acidity, cardiovascular and respiratory problems. There is a need for the elderly to get immediate health facilities, financial assistance for medicines and services through Government and NGOs for better health status.

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27

Switzenbaum, M. S., T. R. Plante, and B. K. Woodworth. "Filamentous Bulking in Massachusetts: Extent of the Problem and Case Studies." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 4-5 (1992): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0504.

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A handbook has been written for control of activated sludge bulking for wastewater treatment plant operators in Massachusetts. In order to demonstrate the principles described in the handbook for filamentous organism identification and subsequent selective control, six Massachusetts activated sludge plants experiencing bulking problems were investigated. In addition, a survey was conducted to determine the extent of the filamentous bulking problem in Massachusetts. Dominant filamentous organisms in the aeration tank mixed liquor were identified to determine the probable cause of bulking problems. Plant data and operating conditions were also studied to verify the organism-cause relationship. Based on the sample and data analysis, selective control strategies were suggested to the plant operator to control or eliminate the bulking problem.

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28

Borulko, V. F., and S. M. Vovk. "PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM EXTENT IN SPATIAL SPECTRUM EXTRAPOLATION PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX-VALUED SOURCES." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 72, no. 7 (2013): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v72.i7.30.

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29

Singh, Surabhi, and Renu Arora. "I T Enabled Banking Services: Extent of Use by Customers and Their Problems." Asian Journal of Management 6, no. 3 (2015): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5763.2015.00029.3.

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30

Lamprecht, C. "Business rescue replacing judicial management: An assessment of the extent of problems solved." South African Journal of Accounting Research 22, no. 1 (2008): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2008.11435136.

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31

Prathibha, Surkanti, and R. Geetha Reddy. "A Study on Extent of Problems Faced by Women Involved in Agricultural Activities." Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development 18, no. 3 (2023): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-6736.2023.00037.6.

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32

Knopf, Alison. "Parents and clinicians disagree on extent of developmental problems in their preterm babies." Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update 27, no. 3 (2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpu.30947.

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Do parents know what it means when their babies are born preterm? Not always, according to a recent study. Unfortunately, this can have life‐or‐death consequences if the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) is overestimated by clinicians, according to the multicenter study, led by clinicians and researchers in Canada. The study showed that parents' views should be incorporated into definitions of NDI, according to the authors. The main problem is that definitions of NDI were developed without the perspectives of parents, the researchers note. So there is little agreement between parental and medical classification of NDI in preterm children. The study involved parents of 1098 children, and the children, born at under 29 weeks gestation.

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33

Dusi, Nicola. "Intersemiotic translation: Theories, problems, analysis." Semiotica 2015, no. 206 (2015): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0018.

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AbstractThis paper draws on Jakobson’s tripartite division of the notion of translation, and Eco’s discussion of the terms in his book on translation, Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation (2003b). It focuses specifically on the issue of intersemiotic translation, questioning and showing what it means to “translate” from one “language” to another, such as from the novel to the medium of film, and to what extent the term translation is used metaphorically or whether it is semantically extended to include a broader notion of translation than that between natural languages.

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34

Scott, Clyde, Edwin Arnold, and Charles Odewahn. "Raid Elections: Another Problems for Unions?" Public Personnel Management 21, no. 4 (1992): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609202100410.

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One of the problems confronting the American labor movement is the raid election. In a raid election an outside, or challenger, union attempts to increase its membership at the expense of an incumbent union. This article examines the extent and outcomes of raid elections as well as the legal environment of such elections. In addition, the results of a survey of employers involved in raid elections are presented.

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35

Zakirov, Alymzhan, Kunduz Akimkanova, and Kuttububu Tutashbaeva. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS." Alatoo Academic Studies 2022, no. 1 (2022): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.221.26.

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The relevant issues of Kyrgyz Sociolinguistics were analyzed in the proposed article. There have been great changes in the language area of Kyrgyzstan after gaining independence. The use of the state language in all domains, the improvement of language policy, as well as the language situation in the language space, the improvement of minority languages, exogloss balanced, exogloss unbalanced language situations and language changes are reflected in this article. Since Kyrgyzstan is a multinational, multi-confessional country, it is necessary to develop a flexible language policy. Thus, it is believed that sociolinguistics and sociolinguists make a great contribution to solving new issues in recent years. To some extent, this article also examines the issues of bilingualism and multilingualism in society.

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36

Dax, Achiya. "Kaczmarz Anomaly in Tomography Problems." AppliedMath 2, no. 2 (2022): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath2020012.

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The Kaczmarz method is an important tool for solving large sparse linear systems that arise in computerized tomography. The Kaczmarz anomaly phenomenon has been observed recently when solving certain types of random systems. This raises the question of whether a similar anomaly occurs in tomography problems. The aim of the paper is to answer this question, to examine the extent of the phenomenon and to explain its reasons. Another tested issue is the ability of random row shuffles to sharpen the anomaly and to accelerate the rate of convergence. The results add important insight into the nature of the Kaczmarz method.

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37

Dax, Achiya. "Kaczmarz Anomaly in Tomography Problems." AppliedMath 2, no. 2 (2022): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath2020012.

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The Kaczmarz method is an important tool for solving large sparse linear systems that arise in computerized tomography. The Kaczmarz anomaly phenomenon has been observed recently when solving certain types of random systems. This raises the question of whether a similar anomaly occurs in tomography problems. The aim of the paper is to answer this question, to examine the extent of the phenomenon and to explain its reasons. Another tested issue is the ability of random row shuffles to sharpen the anomaly and to accelerate the rate of convergence. The results add important insight into the nature of the Kaczmarz method.

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38

Rockman, Bert A. "Reforming the Presidency: Nonproblems and Problems." PS 20, no. 3 (1987): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030826900628424.

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Riddle: Why is political reform like a clear mountain lake? Answer: When we look into both we see ourselves.The Means and Ends of ReformsWhat should be the ends of presidential reform? Obviously, such a question assumes that something is wrong and can be remedied through reform, which I define here as an intentional act (or acts) of institutional engineering to restructure incentives in the political system. Naturally, any effort to engage in reform, therefore, raises numerous issues. What are the purposes of reform? What are the problems a reform proposal or package of proposals presumes to address and to remedy? What are the feasibilities for implementation? What are the consequences and implications of reform? Will its purported benefits be larger than the costs incurred? To what extent does thinking about reform help lead to or clarify a theory of the presidency and, more generally, a theory of government? To what extent, above all, when thinking about reform can we escape the time warp in which our present preferences or momentary dissatisfactions lie? A would-be reformer must struggle to disassociate short-term preferences and judgments about an incumbent from longer-term conceptions as to how institutions should operate. In this regard, a would-be reformer must think like a constitution-maker. Is this the system one would prefer under worst case conditions?

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39

Rockman, Bert A. "Reforming the Presidency: Nonproblems and Problems." PS: Political Science & Politics 20, no. 03 (1987): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500026688.

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Riddle: Why is political reform like a clear mountain lake? Answer: When we look into both we see ourselves.The Means and Ends of ReformsWhat should be the ends of presidential reform? Obviously, such a question assumes that something is wrong and can be remedied through reform, which I define here as an intentional act (or acts) of institutional engineering to restructure incentives in the political system. Naturally, any effort to engage in reform, therefore, raises numerous issues. What are the purposes of reform? What are the problems a reform proposal or package of proposals presumes to address and to remedy? What are the feasibilities for implementation? What are the consequences and implications of reform? Will its purported benefits be larger than the costs incurred? To what extent does thinking about reform help lead to or clarify a theory of the presidency and, more generally, a theory of government? To what extent, above all, when thinking about reform can we escape the time warp in which our present preferences or momentary dissatisfactions lie? A would-be reformer must struggle to disassociate short-term preferences and judgments about an incumbent from longer-term conceptions as to how institutions should operate. In this regard, a would-be reformer must think like a constitution-maker. Is this the system one would prefer under worst case conditions?

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40

Jumi, Toko. "Participation of Tribal Farm Women in Fruit Crops Production Practices in Arunachal Pradesh." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 23, no. 2 (2023): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2023/apr_jun/102-107.

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A study was conducted in 7 districts of Arunachal Pradesh, namely, Papumpare, Lower Subansiri, East Siang, West Siang, West Kameng, Namsai and Lohit. A total of 420 respondents were selected to determine the extent of participation of tribal farm women in diff erent fruit crop production activities along with the problems faced by them in diff erent fruit crops production activities. It was found that among all the activities of fruit crop production, maximum (56.67%) number of respondents had ‘independent participation’ in cleaning of fruit plant, 87.62 per cent of the respondents had ‘joint participation’ in selection of plot and 79.52 per cent of the respondents had ‘no participation’ in smudging. The study highlights the correlates of the extent of participation in fruit crop production with selected personal variables of the tribal farm women. The results revealed that the variable viz. family size (r=0.110*) exhibited a positive and signifi cant relationship with the extent of participation whereas the variables viz. age, educational qualifi cation, family type, organizational membership and landholding did not exhibit any signifi cant relationship with extent of participation. Findings revealed that in the case of infrastructural problems, improper transport facilities were ranked one (1.35), nutritional defi ciency among plants (0.95) stood fi rst for production problems, lack of Govt. subsidy (1.86) becomes fi rst barrier for economic problems, non-availability of scientifi c technology (1.12) ranks fi rst for technological problems, similarly, overloaded household work (1.68) in case of socioeconomic problems and health problems (0.66) came fi rst for others problems faced by women in fruit production.

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41

Vujacic, Milja. "Problems and perspectives of children with special needs." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 1 (2006): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601190v.

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The paper deals with problems faced by children with special needs and the perspectives for their development. The research on the environment in which children with special needs live testify to what extent the community provides for their development. Since the environment is not encouraging obstacles are numerous, often detrimental due to prejudice, stereotypes and negative attitudes. However, our research data show that organized activities in the process of inclusive education significantly contribute to the changes in attitudes towards children with special needs, which creates favorable conditions for quality in education and overall development. Changing attitudes concerning children with special needs and creating conditions for discovering their preserved potential, through the interaction with other children, are the basis for their further development and, to the extent to which they are capable of it, training for future independent life. The paper suggests that inclusive education is a possible solution for the children with special needs and the way to stimulate and improve their development.

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42

Yadav, Vinod, Milind Kumar Sharma, and Shailender Singh. "Intelligent evaluation of suppliers using extent fuzzy TOPSIS method." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (2018): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2016-0114.

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Purpose In a developing economy like India, the contribution of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the national gross domestic product is significant. This sector creates immense employment opportunities and produces economic products and services. To survive in the globalized marked condition, it is essential for SMEs to be competitive on several fronts such as quality, cost, delivery, lead time, flexibility, etc. Hence, it is imperative for them to have a sound supplier base. Therefore, supplier selection problem (SSP) has a vital role to play in supply chain management of SMEs. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach However, SSP has now become a significant challenge to address due to the complexity, vagueness and various criteria involved in it. Recently, fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution method has been widely used to tackle such problems. Findings The present paper aims at developing an intelligent system for SSP, which can consider the multiple criteria and the uncertainty aspects in the decision process. A case study of a small-scale manufacturing company has been presented. Practical implications This study provides a guideline for SME sector to implement intelligent systems for supplier selection decision-making problems. Case application concludes that this model improves firm’s decision making and suppliers’ performance. Originality/value The proposed intelligent model can provide the guidelines and directions for the decision makers to effectively choose suppliers in the current competitive environment. And it also provides an opportunity for supplier improvement.

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Whalley, W. B., H. Elizabeth Martin, and Anne F. Gellatly. "The Problem of “Hidden” Ice in Glacier Mapping." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001427.

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Ice can become “hidden”, i.e. buried, by the superimposition of rock debris on a glacier or where rock debris may incorporate interstitial ice. Because it is obscured, problems result from a lack of understanding of the extent and continued activity of such ice. Landforms may be associated with this phenomenon and can be used as indirect evidence of its existence. A rock glacier can contain glacially-derived, buried ice as well as interstitial ice. We show, with examples, how such rock glaciers can be identified and provide information on the extent and possible volume of hidden ice in marginally glacierized and permafrost areas. In most cases, recognition of topography is sufficient, although time-separated aerial photographs may be necessary to locate the extent of ice. These are generally preferable to, and more cost effective than, most detailed on-site determinations of ice extent. It is possible to incorporate and extend knowledge of hidden ice in glacier mapping and inventory projects.

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Whalley, W. B., H. Elizabeth Martin, and Anne F. Gellatly. "The Problem of “Hidden” Ice in Glacier Mapping." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500001427.

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Ice can become “hidden”, i.e. buried, by the superimposition of rock debris on a glacier or where rock debris may incorporate interstitial ice. Because it is obscured, problems result from a lack of understanding of the extent and continued activity of such ice. Landforms may be associated with this phenomenon and can be used as indirect evidence of its existence. A rock glacier can contain glacially-derived, buried ice as well as interstitial ice. We show, with examples, how such rock glaciers can be identified and provide information on the extent and possible volume of hidden ice in marginally glacierized and permafrost areas. In most cases, recognition of topography is sufficient, although time-separated aerial photographs may be necessary to locate the extent of ice. These are generally preferable to, and more cost effective than, most detailed on-site determinations of ice extent. It is possible to incorporate and extend knowledge of hidden ice in glacier mapping and inventory projects.

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Maylone, Nelson J. "Using Counterintuitive Problems to Promote Student Discussion." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 5, no. 8 (2000): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.5.8.0542.

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The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards document (1989) has sparked a revolution in curriculum and textbook design and, to some extent, the evaluation of students. The Standards encourage problem solving in context; increasing opportunities for students to discuss mathematics; and actively involving students in exploring, conjecturing, analyzing, and applying mathematics. Recommended instructional techniques include promoting group work, making presentations, conducting experiments, and working with manipulatives.

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Dao, Arik-Quang V., James R. Parkinson, and Steven J. Landry. "Identifying Human-Machine Interaction Problems in Continuous State Data." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601019.

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A set of studies has been focused on identifying “markers” in aircraft data that are indicative of human factors issues. In this paper we discuss an experiment that investigated if human error is predictable from the error observed from the combined human-machine system. Sixteen pilots flew simulated instrument approaches under varying levels of workload and control augmentation conditions. Operator control lag, gain, delay, and error extent were computed from aircraft lateral path errors. These parameters along with pupil diameter data were analyzed for differences across workload conditions. Main effects for workload were found with respect to all control parameters consistent with the experiment hypotheses, but the effects were very small. Operator delay in responding to errors appeared inversely correlated with workload. Statistically significant differences were also found with respect to error extent ad pupil diameter.

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Saikia, Pompi, Manoshi Baruah Deka, and Manju Dutta Das. "Extent of participation of women farmers and their problems in rice production in Assam." ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE 13, no. 2 (2018): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajhs/13.2/579-584.

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Porter, Mark, and Iseult M. Wilson. "Extent of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Problems in the Irish Traditional Music Community: A Survey." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 33, no. 1 (2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2018.1008.

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BACKGROUND: The literature related to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) primarily includes classical musicians and instrument-specific studies. Previous work by our team identified that PRMDs are an issue for Irish traditional fiddle players; however, the extent of the problem was not known. OBJECTIVE: To identify the type and extent of PRMDs in the Irish traditional music population, specifically fiddle players. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed and administered to faculty and students related to all Irish traditional music courses in all higher education institutions in Ireland. RESULTS: Seven institutions were included. The response rate was 77.5% (n=79 of 102 possible respondents). A fifth of respondents never had a PRMD, 36.7% (n=29) currently had a PRMD, and 34.2% (n=27) had a previous experience of a PRMD. The main symptoms were pain (62%, n=49), stiffness (41.8%, n=33), and tingling (35.4%, n=28). There was a positive association between the development of PRMDs and increased hours of play (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: PRMDs are a problem for Irish traditional fiddle players, especially during times of intense playing such as festivals.

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Corrigan, John D., Elizabeth Rust, and Gary L. Lamb-Hart. "The nature and extent of substance abuse problems in persons with traumatic brain injury." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 10, no. 3 (1995): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-199506000-00004.

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Corrigan, John D., Elizabeth Rust, and Gary L. Lamb-Hart. "The nature and extent of substance abuse problems in persons with traumatic brain injury." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 10, no. 3 (1995): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-199510030-00004.

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