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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'External border of the European Union'
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1
Piorko, Iwona Daria. "Enlarging the area of freedom, security and justice : Poland's accession to the European Union in the field of external border controls." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424188.
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Dainiuvienė, Toma. "Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių bendradarbiavimas sienos apsaugos sektoriuje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110705_130841-35309.
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Sienų apsauga yra aktuali tema bet kurioje pasaulio valstybėje. Tenka pastebėti, kad kuomet valstybė turi išorines sienas su kitomis valstybėmis, ji turi sukūrusi politiką, teisinę bei institucinę bazę sienos apsaugai, užtikrinančiai tos valstybės gyventojų socialinius, politinius, teisinius, ekonominius, kultūrinius, mokslinius interesus. Europos Sąjungos sienos apsaugos srityje, išskiriamos dvi sienų sąvokos – vidaus bei išorės sienos. Valstybių narių bendradarbiavimas, pagrįstas integruotos išorinės sienos apsaugos koncepcija, orientuotas į valstybių narių bendras pastangas, siekiant užtikrinti ES vidaus saugumą, vykdant sienos kontrolę, ją saugant bei bendradarbiaujant vykdant įvairias operatyvines operacijas bei bendrus projektus. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti ES valstybių narių bendradarbiavimo sienos apsaugos srityje gaires bei įvertinti bendradarbiavimo efektyvumą. Darbą sudaro įvadas, kuriame pateikiamas temos aktualumas, analizuojama problema, keliamas tikslas bei uždaviniai, pateikiami tyrimo metodai, trys dėstomosios dalys bei išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbe remiantis jau atliktai tyrimais, taip pat Šengeno teisynu, Amsterdamo sutartimi, Europos Ekonominės Bendrijos steigimo sutartimi, Lisabonos sutartimi analizuojamos ES valstybių narių bendradarbiavimo sienos apsaugos srityje gairės, išskiriamos problemos, vertinamas bendradarbiavimo efektyvumą.<br>Border guard, control and surveillance are a relevant topic in every country. It should be mentioned, that when the country has borders with other countries, it has created the policy, legal and institutional basis for the control and surveillance of its border that secures social, political, legal, economical, cultural and scientific interests of the citizens of that country. There are two border concepts in the European Union – internal and external borders. The co-operation of the member states, based on the integrated border management concept, is oriented to the common attempt to control and secure the external border carrying out various joint operations and projects. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the guidelines of the cooperation of the EU member states in the field of external border guard and to evaluate the effectiveness of this cooperation. This paper consists of preface, where the relevance, problem, purpose, objectives are presented, three main parts, conclusions and appendixes. The analysis of the guidelines of cooperation of the EU member states in the field of external border surveillance and evaluation of the effectiveness of this cooperation is being carried out using the researches, Shengen acquis, the Treaty of Amsterdam, the Treaty of Rome, the Treaty of Lisbon, etc.
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Mencik, von Zebinsky A. A. (Aloïs Alexandre). "European Union external competence and external relations in air transport." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22700.
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The thesis includes, in Section I, an analysis of the European Union's internal and external competence in air transport and in matters including air transport within their scope, the nature of such competence and the procedures for conducting external relations. The thesis includes also a description of the progress in European Community competence in air transport, a new classification of the Community's secondary legislative measures in air transport in view of their external effect and the main obstacles to the acquisition by the European Union of external competence in air transport. Section II of the thesis includes an analysis of the use the European Union has made of its external competence in air transport in the areas of external relations with non-Member States and international organizations and of the various problems bearing upon such relations as well as the prospects for the future
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Novotná, Markéta. "Mezinárodní rozměr imigrační politiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201125.
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The relation between the immigration policies and state sovereignty in the European Union (EU) is both a most topical and controversial issue. The dissertation is conceived as a disciplinary interpretative study based on the concept of four types of sovereignty by S. Krasner. This approach allows to interpret the seeming contradiction between a state perceived as a sole actor in the area of immigration policy and the communitarization of the immigration policy at the EU level. By using the analysis of discourse as well as of practice, this thesis acknowledges shifts of power to the EU, but stresses that these shifts represent strengthening of other factors of power and control at the same time. Thus, in certain, particularly security, aspects, European harmonization of immigration policy can reinforce state sovereignty. It applies to the external as well as internal dimensions of the EU immigration policy that a part of the policy remains to be decided at the national level. Nevertheless, also the communitarized area offers the member states a significant room for discretion. Thus, there is still considerable tension between the idea of solidarity between member states on one hand and their national interests on the other and the common European immigration policy remains to be achieved in future.
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Palao, Moreno Guillermo. "Cross-border Products Liability in the European Union." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116164.
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Liability for defective products meets a modern legal framework applicable to cases which have an international nature in the European Union. However, the new regulatory developments have not solved the existing coordination problems and offer an unjustified complexity, so there is a certain risk that the objectives pursued by the European legislator in this strategic sector for the EU internal market are not going to be fulfilled. The objective of this study is to analyze the solutions contained in Regulation (EC) 442001, relating to jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters and Regulation (EC) 8642007, concerning the law applicable to non-contractual obligations («Rome II»), aswell as their interrelationship with other conventional instruments.<br>La responsabilidad por productos defectuosos cuenta en la Unión Europea con un moderno marco legal aplicable a los casos que cuenten con una naturaleza internacional. Sin embargo, los nuevos desarrollos normativos no han suprimido los problemas de coordinación existentes y ofrecen una injustificada complejidad, por lo que existe un cierto riesgo de que se malogren los objetivos perseguidos por el legislador europeo en este estratégico sector para el mercado interior de la Unión Europea. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las respuestas contenidas en el Reglamento (CE) 44/2001, relativo a la competencia judicial, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia civil y mercantil y el Reglamento (CE) 864/2007, relativo a la ley aplicable a las obligaciones extracontractuales («Roma II») asícomo su interrelación con otros instrumentos convencionales.
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Stjernberg, Mathilda Cecilia. "Cross-border monetary transfers within the European Union." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487423.
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This dissertation examines the ctnTent legislative process behind cross-border transfers within the EU. The analysis is done through an examination of the rights of the payer as a third party in relation to the many payment providers that participate in an international transfer. The discussion focuses on both international movements in developing unified commercial rules as well as the current process within the EU ofestablishing consumer rights. The method use~ in this dissertation is to analyse the liability that follows a delayed international payment. The answer lar&eIy depends on the applicable legal system, and the analysis therefore aims to establish the international and European rules that are available to the parties, and how the options are legally constructed. Parts of the method of analysis also focus on Common Law and the special situation that arises regarding third party rights and liability in tort according to this legal system. The methods are also applied to the use of exemption clauses in contracts between banks and their custOmers, and the ctnTent movement in consumer rights in this area The existing payment systems in Europe and international messenger organisations are similarly analysed based on both their participation in formulating parts ofthe legal agenda as well as their practical and legal importance when effecting payments. In fully assessing the legal situation stnTounding the area, the methods of analysis deal with the ongoing harmonisation process of payment systems within the EU, as well as the international process of harmonising this legal field. These two aspects take different forms since the EU perspective mainly focuses on making payments within the EU as efficient as possible and therefore focus on establishing consumer rights within the area, while international efforts strive to establish commercial rules between the parties. The methods ofresearch are also applied to the future situation regarding cross-border payments within and outside the EU. The dissertation concludes with the thesis that while the existing legal framework on payments within the EU provides a good start for harmonisation in the area of liability for delays, a continuous growth of cross-border payments calls out for an internationally unified law. The unification of rules on payments that has started within the EU can easily spread to other economic regions and thus result in a better international legal system for payments. The participation of market actors in the harmonisation process, such as banks and other payment service providers, is crucial for the outcome ofsuch a project.
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Seehauser, Sebastian. "The European external action service." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11500.
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Dissertação de Mesrado em Relações Internacionais<br>Esta dissertação tem como questão principal a funcionalidade do Serviço Europeu de Ação Externa (SEAE) como um ator diplomático efetivo e eficiente. A dissertação procura uma resposta viável através da analise de
possíveis vantagens e desvantagens do SEAE como agente diplomático, agindo em termos políticos e económicos.
A pesquisa segue uma linha de argumentação que estuda diferentes aspectos. Primeiro, a base técnica do
SEAE, que inclui o fundamento jurídico, as funções e tarefas, assim como a organização interna estabelecida
pelos tratados da União Europeia. Segundo, a análise da posição do Alto Representante no seu cargo de chefe
do SEAE. Adicionalmente adissertação considera o funcionamento do SEAE em base das funções diplomáticas estabelecidas pela Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Diplomáticas e pela Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Consulares. A analise também reflete a existência e as implicaçõesdo SEAE em concomitância de
outros serviços diplomáticos nacionais dos Estadosmembros da UE.<br>The main question that this research paper seeks to address is the functionality of the EEAS as an effective
and efficient diplomatic actor. The thesis pursues the answer in ananalysis of possible advantages and
disadvantages of the EEAS as a diplomatic agent inpolitical and economic terms.The research is based on the
argumentation line studying different aspects. Firstly, thetechnical basis of the EEAS, including the juridical fundament, the functions and duties, as well as the internal organization established by EU treaties are reviewed.
Secondly isanalysed the role of the HR/VP as chief executive of the EEAS. Additional the thesisconsiders the
functioning of the EEAS on the basis of the diplomatic functions stated inthe Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
Relations and the Vienna Convention on ConsularRelations. The analysis also reflects the existence and implications of EEAS alongsideother national diplomatic services of European Union member states.
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Yildiz, Ayselin Gozde Gozde. "The External Dimension Of The European Union'." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614764/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the external dimension of the European Union&rsquo<br>s (EU) immigration policy and its implications for transit countries through a comparative study of Turkey and Morocco. The thesis examines the development and
institutionalization of the EU&rsquo<br>s externalization of its immigration policy within a chronological and theoretical context. Applying the theoretical debate concerning &ldquo<br>Europeanization beyond EU borders&rdquo<br>, it investigates to what extent the EU has successfully externalised its immigration policy to non-EU members, and what kind of intended and unintended impacts this has had on these countries. The thesis tries to explore both the successes and limits of the Europeanization of Turkey&rsquo<br>s and Morocco&rsquo<br>s
domestic immigration policies by benchmarking progress in the harmonization of legal contexts, border management, visa policies, readmission agreements and asylum policies in each case. This study reaches similar conclusions concerning Turkey, as a candidate country within the EU&rsquo<br>s enlargement policy, and Morocco, as a country without membership prospect within the European Neighbourhood Policy, not only in terms of conceptualizing the EU&rsquo<br>s externalization of its immigration policy, but also for understanding the negative externalities it creates for transit countries which also limit further policy expansion.
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Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel. "Challenges to the external identity making in the European Union." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6295/.
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Inhalt:
Introduction: The problem at hand
Approaches to EU’s external identity making
Mechanisms of external identity making
Theoretical approaches to the EU’s external identity making
The EU’s external identity promotion
The ENP policy instruments
Conclusions
References
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Burić, Zoran [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieber. "Models of cross-border evidence gathering in European Union criminal law." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1224808770/34.
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Stewart, Emma J. "The evolution of European Union conflict prevention policy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7751.
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This thesis focuses on a particular aspect of the international role of the European Union (EU), examining the evolution of EU conflict prevention policy in the post- Cold War period. In recent years the EU has extended its range of external relations policies, and conflict prevention has emerged as a prominent objective on the agenda, particularly as the Union faced political and economic instability on its borders. After introducing conflict prevention and analysing the EU's external relations and the post- Cold War security context, the thesis examines the EU's institutional set-up for conflict prevention. The incremental development and institutional structure of the EU renders the formulation and implementation of conflict prevention by the EU a particular challenge. The thesis then proceeds to an investigation of EU cooperation and conflict prevention policy coordination with the security organisations identified as the EU's key partners: the United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). While post-Cold War conflict prevention requires a multilateral approach, the proliferation of European security organisations and the increasing overlap in their objectives makes policy coordination between the EU and other organisations particularly important. It is concluded that the EU faces fundamental internal coordination problems and institutional divisions in its elaboration of conflict prevention policy. Conflict prevention is underdeveloped by the EU and is in danger of being marginalised in favour of shorter-term crisis management. Furthermore, internal coordination problems have a detrimental impact on the organisation's ability to cooperate externally with other security organisations. EU external priorities in conflict prevention focus on cooperation in crisis management with the UN and NATO, and fail to capitalise on the advantages of cooperation with the OSCE. The failure of the EU to fully adopt conflict prevention as an external relations priority and to coordinate its activities with other organisations could have implications for future stability in, and on the borders of, the EU.
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Melis, Demetrios George. "The executive role of the European Commission in the external relations of the European Union." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323863.
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Gatti, Mauro <1984>. "The European External Action Service and the Implementation of the 'Union Method' in European Foreign Policy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5481/.
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The European External Action Service (EEAS or Service) is one of the most significant and most debated innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty. This analysis intends to explain the anomalous design of the EEAS in light of its function, which consists in the promotion of external action coherence.
Coherence is a principle of the EU legal system, which requires synergy in the external actions of the Union and its Members. It can be enforced only through the coordination of European policy-makers' initiatives, by bridging the gap between the 'Communitarian' and intergovernmental approaches. This is the 'Union method' envisaged by A. Merkel: "coordinated action in a spirit of solidarity - each of us in the area for which we are responsible but all working towards the same goal".
The EEAS embodies the 'Union method', since it is institutionally linked to both Union organs and Member States. It is also capable of enhancing synergy in policy management and promoting unity in international representation, since its field of action is delimited not by an abstract concern for institutional balance but by a pragmatic assessment of the need for coordination in each sector. The challenge is now to make sure that this pragmatic approach is applied with respect to all the activities of the Service, in order to reinforce its effectiveness.
The coordination brought by the EEAS is in fact the only means through which a European foreign policy can come into being: the choice is not between the Community method and the intergovernmental method, but between a coordinated position and nothing at all.
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Hobolth, Mogens. "Border control cooperation in the European Union : the Schengen visa policy in practice." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/551/.
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This research project investigates the governing of Europe’s external border. It analyses how the common Schengen short-stay visa policy has been applied in practice by member states in the period from 2005 to 2010. So far, little systematic theoretical and empirical research has been carried out on the implementation of Schengen. The contributions of the thesis are two-fold. Firstly, it makes available a comprehensive and easily accessible database on the visa requirements, issuing-practices and consular representation of EU states in all third countries. It enables researchers to map out and compare how restrictively the visa policy is implemented by different member states and across sending countries. Secondly, the project provides three separate papers that in different ways make use of the database to explore and explain the varying openness of Europe’s border and dynamics of cooperation among member states. The three papers are tied together by a framework conceptualising Schengen as a border regime with two key dimensions: restrictiveness and integration. The first paper asks to what extent, and why, Europe’s border is more open to visitors of some nationalities rather than others. The second paper investigates to what extent, and why, EU states cooperate on sharing consular facilities in the visa-issuing process. The third paper examines to what extent, and why, Schengen participation has a restrictive impact on the visa-issuing practices of member countries. The analyses test existing theories and develop new concepts and models. The three papers engage with rationalist and constructivist theories and seek to assess their relative explanatory power. In doing so, the project makes use of different quantitative comparative approaches. It employs regression analysis, social network analytical tools and quasi-experimental design. Overall, the thesis concludes that Schengen is characterized by extensive cooperation and restrictive practices towards especially visitors from poor, Muslim-majority and refugeeproducing countries.
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Sielmann, Christoph M. [Verfasser]. "Governing Difference: Internal and External Differentiation in European Union Law / Christoph M. Sielmann." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220162701/34.
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Begemann, Jonas. "European External Border Management and its Narratives : Aspects of Dominance and Neocolonialism in European Foreign Policy during the “Refugee Crisis”." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389415.
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Large numbers of incoming refugees since 2015 were perceived as a major challenge for European cooperation and migratory regimes and the situation has within Europe soon been seen as a crisis. Since then, European states and the European Union (EU) have intensified measures to shut down migrant routes to Europe as well as their attempts to externalise means of protection of refugees in Africa. Based on a theoretical framework consisting of political science border studies, postcolonial studies and the method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) together with the study of narratives in politics, this thesis analyses two critical events in this field, the 2015 Valletta Summit on migration where European and African leaders discussed the terms of migration cooperation and the 2018 debate on disembarkation platforms. The focus in this work lies especially on neocolonial elements in the power relations between Europe and Africa and how these are expressed in the narratives that were used to justify and explain the action taken. For this purpose, official documents, speeches, interviews and additional utterances from European heads of states and European politicians as well as from African heads of states and African Union (AU) representatives are analysed. Eventually, the thesis comes to the conclusion that a form of neocolonial exists that is here named implicit or indirect neocolonialism.
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Newrosy, Aref. "The need for cross-border injunctions in international commercial arbitration within the European Union." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10024.
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Ferrario, Ljuba. "Human rights protection and national interest: the case of border fences in the European Union." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359782.
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Ever since the beginning of the refugee crisis, the efficiency of the Common European Asylum System has been questioned by MSs and European institutions. Recently, physical barriers have been built by an increasing number of countries in the European Union for the purpose of border controls. Simultaneously, several human rights organization have expressed their concerns on the violation of the right to asylum and of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment resulting from the adoption of this method. This research will analyze this phenomenon through the perspective of international relations theory. The analysis will consider the realist approach in opposition to the liberal one, trying to assess whether border fences can be defined as an expression of national interest which compromises international cooperation in the field of human rights.
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Vares, Martin. "Cross-border relationships? : A Quantitative study of stock exchange correlation within the European Monetary Union." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-25531.
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<p>AbstractDevelopment of shareholder own companies and the stock exchanges has led to the situation where investors, both individual and institutional, can invest in shares of companies in terms of seeking profit. Therefore the investors as the speculators of the market share a need for accurate information to base their investment decisions upon. Different measures has been developed to follow the stockexchanges to be able sufficiently track the performance of markets. One of the possible measures developed is stock exchange indexes.</p><p>Countries within the European Monetary Union (EMU) share a common currency, resulting to a possibility to invest within these 16 EMU-countries without the presence of the fluctuating exchange rates risk. Thesis will concentrate on the stock exchange correlation within European Monetary Union. The correlation is measured over the four year period from May 2005 to April 2009. The performances of each individual stock exchange are tracked in terms of country specific stock exchange indexes.</p><p>The basis of this thesis is the dilemma of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) about the diversification and risk reduction. The main idea of the MPT presented by Markowitz (1959) is that; the investor can reduce the risk of the investments by investing to products which are less correlated. The purpose is therefore to generate a study about the correlation within the Monetary Union and apply it to the diversification possibilities within the EMU.</p><p>The data is collected from each stock exchange by tracking the daily closing values of the indexes over the 4 year period (May 2005-April 2009). Data is progressed by plotting the values to SPSS to receive the correlation and the empirical findings. These findings are contrasted to the relevant theories to be able to receive a sufficient conclusion about the diversification possibilities.</p><p>The results of the thesis will present a positive correlation between the countries within the EMU. However, the correlation between countries differs and fluctuates. There is evidence that lower correlation exists between the older (12 member countries) and the newer member states (4 countries) of the European Monetary Union. Similar situation exists also in case of Ireland. The fluctuation of the correlation, on the other hand, can be found many cases for the year 2007. Indicating lower correlation for the period of the year 2007. The yearly correlation in terms of the new member countries is fluctuating over the whole period from 2005 to 2009. Suggesting yearly differences in terms of risk reduction.</p><p>The conclusion of the study is that the possibilities to diversify the portfolios within the EMU exist. However, the level of diversification possibilities differs. There are countries with extremely strong correlation indicating that the diversification in terms of these countries can be difficult and the benefits of reducing risk can be minimal. On the other hand, the existing fluctuation presented implicates that the possibilities can differ also in terms of different periods.</p>
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Jahnel, Carsten H. "Transatlantic relations : are alliances a funcion [i.e. function] of an external threat? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FJahnel.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Hans-Eberhardt Peters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also available online.
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Calkins, Michelle. "The Development of the European Union: Cross-border Business Cooperation and Its Impact upon Political Integration." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111683173.
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Arkan, Zeynep. "Two sides of the coin : internal and external dimensions of European Union identity in discourse." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590023.
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This thesis focuses on the process of identity construction taking place within the European Union. Through an analysis of how the Union constructs the internal dimension of its identity in its domestic sphere targeting the citizens of its Member States and how it constructs the external dimension of its identity in the international sphere targeting mainly the non-member states and their citizens, the thesis seeks to answer the question to what extent the internal and external dimensions of the EU's identity, as analysed within the framework of the education policy and the foreign policy of the Union, form a coherent whole. It argues that identity has two dimensions: an external dimension which corresponds to the projection of the political community onto the world, and an internal one in which the idea of this imagined political community is projected back onto its citizens. Building on this framework, the thesis claims that these two facets of identity form a coherent and meaningful identity framework, the internal and external dimensions of which are constructed in quite similar and complementary ways. It also argues that the representations of the internal and external facets of the EU's identity illustrate great similarities in the way they were conceptualised, promoted and linked to the overall policy objectives of the Union in the two policy areas discussed within the framework of this study.
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Abdelkhaliq, Nur. "European Commission, migration and the external dimension : a study of organisation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7768.
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The thesis examines how the European Commission incorporated and implemented migration policy as part of the European Union’s external relations, also known as the external dimension of migration. The focus of the thesis is on the period between the coming into force of the Amsterdam Treaty in 1999, when migration largely came to fall under the Commission’s remit, and the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. The study compares how the Commission’s Directorates-General (DGs) involved in the external dimension of migration during this period—Justice, Liberty and Security, External Relations and Development—made sense of the changes introduced to their responsibilities. The thesis proposes that the concept of organisational culture, drawn from organisational sociology, can explain how actors interact with and collectively make sense of their organisational environment. The main argument of the thesis is that each of the DGs possesses an organisational culture based on its members’ shared readings of priorities and the function of their unit. The thesis examines these divergent organisational cultures to gauge how policies are internalised and translated into output. The analysis contributes to the external governance literature, which has theorised the external dimension of migration as a continuation of European integration processes without accounting for internal organisational dynamics. It also leads to reflections on organisational sociology theorising, and the implications of the findings on studies of organisational change and implementation. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first provides a background for how the Commission came to be involved in migration policy. The second provides a theoretical framework for the study, building on organisational sociology. The remaining chapters empirically analyse the three elements of organisational culture: DG members’ sources of organisational identity, their perceptions and prioritisations of the external dimension of migration, and their reading of the Commission’s implementation practices, focusing on relations with Morocco as a tool for illustrating the latter.
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Query, Jason. "The Impact of Transportation Costs and Trade Barriers on International Trade Flows." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19256.
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Because trade is seen as welfare improving for society, governments have long employed their policy-making powers to increase trade levels. In recent years, no strategy has been more employed by policy makers than free trade agreements. As free trade agreements become more popular, world tariff levels rapidly approach zero. Given this, policy makers must look to other methods to encourage trade. I examine how non-tariff trade barriers impact international trade levels. By better understanding these trade barriers, policy makers will be able to make more informed decisions.
To better understand non-tariff trade barriers, I begin with well-known impediments to trade, including the border effect, transportation costs, and the trade creation and trade diversion effects of regional trade agreements. I then demonstrate and examine heterogeneity in these trade costs.
In Chapter II I examine the often-studied border effect, the notion that regions trade more intra-nationally than internationally. I demonstrate that smaller regions are less attractive to foreign trading partners than their larger counterparts. Fixed costs of crossing an international border, as well as more effective marketing methods, mean economically larger U.S. states or Canadian provinces see a smaller border effect. In Chapter III I look at how transportation costs incurred within the exporting country impact trade levels. Using a unique instrumental variable strategy, I show that the cost of getting a good to a port is a significant hindrance to trade. Finally, in Chapter IV I show that the benefits of joining the European Union are heterogeneous across countries. This means that while the E.U. may be beneficial on average, it may not be beneficial for individual countries.
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Georgakis, Abbott Stefanie Florence. "Bordering the Mediterranean: Liminality and Regioncraft at the Center of the World." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56624.
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In this dissertation, I theorize that the Mediterranean, broadly conceived of as a geo-cultural-political entity and experience, is a locality for the investigation into the processes through which representations of continents and civilizations come into focus. A fundamental argument in this dissertation is that borders (like the Mediterranean) do not represent the limits to territorially fixed entities, but are rather continually ongoing projects that come to be negotiated and reified through political practices that are focused, in this instance, on asserting where the outside of Europe begins. The arguments of this dissertation are twofold. First, the Mediterranean is theorized as a fluid and porous space. Secondly, and more importantly, the Mediterranean is a key site for an investigation into the (re)production of politically and culturally saturated discourses of belonging and otherness. Thus, this project takes into focus three distinct, yet inextricably interrelated, processes of the borderization of the Mediterranean. These processes work to maintain the space as a global axis of sorts, upon which academic and popular discussions and representations of the East versus the West or the North versus the South emerge. It is an underlying argument of this study that links the examples of the Barcelona Process, discussions of a migration crisis, and Turkey's accession to the EU as processes of borderization of the European Union. While they are often analyzed as separate phenomena, all are indicative of these spatial and temporal borders represented by the Mediterranean, seen together they have the capability of highlighting the interconnectedness of the varying threads of Mediterraneanism. To understand how categories like European, Asian, or African come to have such salient political suggestiveness and meaning, one must bring into question how the borders that divide these imagined spaces are complex sites of the convergence of practices and discourses acquire their fortitude and who gets to tell the stories that outline their parameters.<br>Ph. D.
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Batzella, Francesca. "Faithful agent or independent actor? : the European Commission in the external dimension of EU Energy Policy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21033.
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Energy policy in the European Union (EU) is a patchwork of diverging interests and preferences. While the European Commission pushes for a common energy policy, Member States are responsible for their own separate energy policies. These divergences in interests and preferences might create a conflict situation between the Commission and Member States. This thesis explores the Commission’s behaviour vis-à-vis the Member States, investigating the conditions under which the Commission is likely to try to deviate from Member States’ preferences in the external dimension of the EU internal energy market. Adopting a Principal-Agent Model (PAM), this thesis conceptualizes the Member States as principals and the Commission as their agent. A qualitative case study approach and process-tracing method are applied to appreciate the variety of preferences of the actors involved, and provide a means to study the various shades of post-delegation agent’s behaviour. This thesis looks at four in-depth case studies: 1) Decision 994/2012 on establishing an information exchange mechanism with regard to intergovernmental agreements between Member States and third countries in the field of energy; 2) Directive 2009/73/EC on common rules for the internal market in gas; 3) Energy Community Treaty; and 4) Energy Charter Treaty. These were selected based on their relevance to the research question. Findings suggest that two factors are likely to affect the Commission’s deviation from Member States’ preferences: a) the preference alignment among the principals and b) the preference alignment between the principals and the agent. This thesis suggests that when the preferences between the agent and the principals are heterogeneous, the agent is more likely to deviate from the preferences of the principals. This thesis also suggests that the preference alignment among the principals only has a secondary effect on the agent’s deviation. Finally, this research contributes to the further development of the PAM offering a possible categorisation of post-delegation agent’s behaviour going beyond the dichotomy of deviation and non-deviation.
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Hable, Angelika. "The European constitution. Changes in the reform of competences with a particular focus on the external dimension." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/770/1/document.pdf.
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One of the core issues in the debate on a future Constitution within the framework of the European Convention was the reform of competences. On 29 October 2004, the Heads of State or Government signed the outcome of the reform process, the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. With regard to the fundamentals of the competence system, namely the attribution and control of competences, as well as the definition of competence categories, the Constitutional Treaty essentially codifies the present acquis communautaire. In the field of external action, however, it introduces significant amendments that might have a considerable impact on the balance of powers within the European Union. This paper analyses these changes. It looks at the potential implications of the institutional amendments regarding the new post of the Union Minister for Foreign Affairs and the strengthened role of the European Council, as well as the newly defined principles and objectives of the Union's external action. Further emphasis is placed on the scope of the Union's external powers following the incorporation of the principle of implied powers, as well as an analysis of the individual competence provisions in Title V of the Constitutional Treaty. (author's abstract)<br>Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Niemann, Arne. "The internal and external dimensions of European Union decision-making : developing and testing a revised neofunctionalist framework." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246462.
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Ramsey, Lynn Elizabeth. "The Polish Europe agreement : an analysis of implementation and implementation theory in European Union external relations agreements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1073/.
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Limantas, Manfredas. "Mixed agreements in the legal system of the European Union." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140630_153904-81471.
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The dissertation addresses mixed EU-Member States agreements with third parties. The first part of the dissertation unveils the legal basis of mixed agreements and their relation to the principle of conferred powers. The practices of their negotiation, conclusion and implementation, as well as the boundaries of the CJEU jurisdiction to interpret and apply them are addressed in the second and third part of the dissertation. The fourth part is devoted to the examination of particularities of international responsibility for breach of mixed agreements from the point of view of EU law. In the last two parts, the relevance of the duty of loyal cooperation to mixed agreements and future perspectives of these agreements in the context of the Lisbon Treaty are thoroughly assessed. It is concluded that the legal basis of mixed agreements is the principle of conferred powers. This principle affects all of their practice areas, but to a varying degree. The achievement of balance between this principle and the interests of integrity of mixed agreements is facilitated by the principle of loyal cooperation. The Lisbon Treaty establishes conditions for changes in the practice of mixed agreements and offers legal opportunities for their partial replacement with horizontal EU agreements combining elements of the CFSP and other EU policies.<br>Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas mišrių ES ir valstybių narių susitarimų su trečiosiomis šalimis institutas. Pirmajame disertacijos skyriuje atskleidžiami šio instituto teisiniai pagrindai ir jo santykis su ES kompetencijos suteikimo principu. Antrajame ir trečiajame skyriuose nagrinėjama mišrių susitarimų derybų, sudarymo ir dalyvavimo juose praktika, o taip pat ES Teisingumo Teismo jurisdikcijos juos aiškinti ir taikyti ribos. Ketvirtajame skyriuje ES teisės požiūriu nagrinėjami tarptautinės atsakomybės už mišrių susitarimų pažeidimą ypatumai. Penktajame skyriuje analizuojama ES lojalaus bendradarbiavimo principo ir iš jo kylančios bendradarbiavimo pareigos reikšmė mišrių susitarimų institutui. Paskutiniame šeštajame skyriuje dėmesys skiriamas šio instituto ateities perspektyvoms Lisabonos sutarties kontekste. Konstatuojama, jog mišrių susitarimų teisinis pagrindas yra ES kompetencijos suteikimo principas. Šis principas pasireiškia visose mišrių susitarimų praktikos srityse, tačiau nevienodai. Balansą tarp šio principo ir mišrių susitarimų integralumo interesų padeda užtikrinti lojalaus bendradarbiavimo pareiga, taikoma mišrios kompetencijos srityse. Galiausiai nustatoma, jog Lisabonos sutartis sukuria sąlygas pokyčiams mišrių susitarimų praktikoje, o taip pat teisines galimybes dalį mišrių susitarimų keisti horizontalaus pobūdžio ES susitarimais, apjungiančiais Bendrosios užsienio ir saugumo politikos ir kitų ES politikos sričių elementus.
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Gruni, Giovanni. "The right to food and trade law in the external relations of the European Union with developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fce4f71-8f64-4c8f-ac9b-a21a52c02a96.
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The European Union has exclusive competence to negotiate trade agreements with third countries. Using this competence the European Commission developed an extensive policy to conclude free trade agreements with numerous countries around the world. These agreements include regulation of the import and export of food products and also involve developing countries prone to hunger and malnutrition. This thesis investigates the recent trade agreements between the European Union and developing countries from the perspective of the human right to adequate food. This thesis demonstrates that the clauses on import and export of food products of such agreements limit the capacity of the developing countries involved to realise the right to food of their citizens. This outcome does not take into account the normative content of the right to food as contained in international human rights law and is dismissive of the references to human rights contained in European Union funding treaties and in the previous agreements between the European Union and developing countries. This thesis also demonstrates that this outcome is mainly an autonomous policy decision of the European Union and its trade partners independent from the obligations of World Trade Organization law. The thesis concludes with several proposals of reform to conciliate the external trade objectives of the European Union with the human right to adequate food.
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Válková, Barbora. "Euroregion Bílé-Biele Karpaty - Czech-Slovak cross-border cooperation." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76158.
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This thesis focuses on cross-border cooperation. To set the reader into context, its history and position within European Union is mentioned here. However, the main focus is set onto the cross-border cooperation in the Czech Republic, Czech-Slovak borderland is further analyzed in detail. Using socio-economic analysis of regions of Zlín and Trenčín, particular euroregion, White Carpathian Mountains, is studied, whether socio-economical level is raised on both sides of the border as a result of this cross-border cooperation. SWOT analysis, which can point out possible directions of development of this region, is also part of this thesis. Questionnaire method is used in the conclusion of the thesis. This method has to reveal, whether this region was created on historical background, or whether it was formed more or less artificially in order to get funds.
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Covas, Svetlana. "External assistance for European integration : A qualitative case study analysis of the external assistance symbiosis with the National Strategy Plan and constraints in light with the EU – Moldova integration." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196148.
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This dissertation is a case study of Moldova regarding the influence of external assistance over the National Development Strategies 2020 and 2030 in face of the EU – Moldova Accession Agenda. The external assistance plays a key role for the country’s development but the allocation of the funds might not address the sustainable development goals set by the UN, and therefore the national strategic development plans need to be analysed on correlation. Donors tend to focus on a group of sectors leaving others lower in priority. One sector as such is the judiciary and governance. The European Commission claims that Moldova is making progress so far in adopting reforms, yet stressing that corruption and weak rule of law represent the main concern in the development of the country. The external assistance being allocated for many other sectors but not so much on reforms addressing the respective problem, what should we conclude? Allocating funds for infrastructure development, agriculture, energy, is obviously crucial for the country’s economic development. Nonetheless, the data on financial assistance management is rather hard to find from all the ministries benefiting of programs, and not all donors provide reports either. With weak monitoring mechanisms, according to the Paris Declaration Report 2008, and with a weak justice system from high level of corruption and low transparency, it is rather hard to trust the system overall, and the funds absorption capacity. This thesis aims at exploring the Official Development Assistance (ODA) per sectors, with a special focus on donors’ assistance for the judiciary sector. The intergovernmentalism theory is therefore explaining the states cooperation approach, and the approaches of the theory of constraints was used for stressing on the importance of finding the limitations in external assistance disbursements. Thus the methods used are comparative case studies on the State Chancellery reports and comparisons on correlations and donors. The empirical results therefore show a lack of progress in the judiciary sector explained in the discussing conclusion through a reference to the importance of strict conditionality from donors to recipient countries.
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Rasch, Maximilian Bodo Konrad. "The European Union at the United Nations : the functioning and coherence of EU external representation in a state-centric environment." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438123.
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Kristoffersson, Mattis. "The European Union’s ‘effectiveness’ in addressing Libyan issues in the eras 1985-1993 and 2011." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23735.
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This paper gives a historical institutionalist account of the European Union’s effectiveness when addressing Libyan issues in the time periods of 1985-1993 and in 2011. Effectiveness is defined through the application of a triangular model suggested by authors Charlotte Bretherton and John Vogler. Hence, the theoretical framework consists of the concepts of ”Presence”, ”Opportunity” and ”Capability”. Using sources such as the United Nations Security Council Resolutions and European Union Treaties and Regulations, I seek to explore how these three institutions have changed and evolved over time since 1985 thus investigating whether there have been changes to the effectiveness of the European Union.
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Bain, Jessica Margaret. "Europe at 6pm: Images of the EU on New Zealand Television News." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/989.
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Contributing to the broader debate on the nature and identity of the European Union (EU), this thesis is a study of the EU from the outside looking in: an examination of how this novel process of integration among the nations of Europe is viewed by its partners around the world, in particular in New Zealand through its television news media. While there are many studies which examine how the EU is understood and represented within its borders, there is an absence of parallel studies which consider the image of the EU from an external perspective. Recognising that the television news media plays a particularly important role in influencing the knowledge and perceptions of people on foreign matters, the thesis presents an analysis of the entire EU television news coverage in New Zealand's two prime-time television news bulletins throughout 2004. The primary research question that the thesis investigates is, how is the EU framed in the television news media of New Zealand, an external 'Other' of the EU? The study was multi-methodological in nature and analysed each of the relevant news items using content analysis, as well as undertaking deeper analysis of the metaphorical categorisations and the visual images of the EU, to detect the entire range of EU representations and the overall image of the EU these created for New Zealand television news audiences. These findings were then compared against corresponding research from Australia, South Korea and Thailand, as well as to the perceptions of New Zealand's leading newsmakers, in order to account for the most important trends in EU image formation in New Zealand. In particular it was found that the EU was often entirely absent from the New Zealand television news space, and when it was visible, was often presented in a way which ignored the extensive domestic relevance of the Union for New Zealand and its immediate region.
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Adolfsson, Tobias. "The Rise of Resilience in EU Foreign Policy – A Shift of Paradigm or Parlance? : A comparative case study of the EU foreign policy before and after the EU Global Strategy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375766.
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This master’s thesis studies the European Union’s (EU) foreign policy in the Eastern Partnership before and after the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) and investigates whether or not there has been a policy shift towards the paradigm of resilience. Previous research disagrees on the implications of the EUGS and I argue that more empirical research on the matter is needed. The purpose of this thesis is thus to empirically investigate whether or not a shift in EU foreign policy towards a paradigm of resilience has indeed taken place in practice after the launch of the EUGS. Two sources of data are used in the study: the first and principal are the annual action programmes for the Eastern Partnership used by the EU for planning and delivering of external assistance; the second is a set of semi-structured elite interviews conducted with respondents representing the Eastern Partnership and the EU respectively. The results are mixed, showing a slight trend towards resilience-building but no ground-breaking paradigm shift has occurred. I argue that the resilience-building focus and principled pragmatism approach presented by the EUGS rather should be seen as an attempt by the EU to be honest with the foreign policy it is already conducting.
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Aksoy, Fidel [Verfasser]. "Significance of external f/actors in the democratization process : case of Turkey, the European Union and the Kurdish problem / Fidel Aksoy." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030291519/34.
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Cochrane, Brandy Marie. "Drowning In It: State Crime and Refugee Deaths in the Borderlands." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/772.
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This paper examines the current state of border hardening against refugees in the European Union and Australia through the lens of state crime. Border hardening strategies are described for both of these areas and a theoretical basis of state crime victimology is used to examine the refugees who encounter this border hardening. The present study analyzes two data sets on border deaths, one for the European Union and one for Australia, to examine the demographics of the refugees who perish while attempting to transgress the border. Results indicated that there remains a significant amount of missing data, suggesting that official methods of record-keeping are necessary to determine the most basic demographics, such as gender and age, so analyses can be run to determine significance in this area. One clear finding was that migrants most frequently die from drowning (EU: 83.6%; AU: 93%) compared to any other cause. Also, there is indication that those from disadvantaged areas of origin (such as the Middle East and Africa) are more likely to die in the borderlands than others in the dataset. Practical implications of the findings are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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Montillot, Nathalie. "The promotion of human rights in the external relations of the european union : An appraisal of the use of carrots and sticks." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520098.
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Ioannou-Naoum, Maria. "Theorizing the External Actorness of the European Union in Global Development Governance : The Case of Aid Effectiveness in Post-Cotonou Development Policy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43197.
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The European Union (EU) is the world’s leading development donor, playing a pivotal role in shaping development norms. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the EU has been effective in its external aid actorness towards global poverty eradication during the post-Cotonou negotiation period (2000-2020). The theoretical framework of Sjöstedt’s (1977) Actorness Theory is constructed upon the premises of Social Constructivism. To operationalize “actorness”, Brattberg and Rhinard’s (2012) criteria of context, coherence, consistency, and capability are utilized. The research triangulates the methods of Discourse Historical Analysis and Thematic Content Analysis to assess the EU’s nom-setting policy discourse. The analysis suggests that the Union scores highly in the context and capability criteria, as it is recognized as a legitimate development actor and possesses mechanisms to reach aid agreements, while lacks coherence and consistency due to inadequate policy implementation and commitment to McKee et al.’s (2020) Aid Quality Index. The thesis concludes that the EU’s aid effectiveness has decreased due to its actorness being increasingly linked to foreign policy considerations in response to emerging challenges in development cooperation. The research underlines the significance of analysing the empirical linkage between EU’s actorness and effectiveness for the field of International Relations.
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Hegerová, Zuzana. "ANALÝZA PŘEDLOŽENÝCH PROJEKTŮ V EUROREGIONU NISA V RÁMCI INICIATIVY SPOLEČENSTVÍ INTERREG IIIA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1327.
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Diplomová práce je zaměřena na problematiku přeshraniční spolupráce, která je v Evropské unii stále velmi aktuální. Popisná část práce osvětluje její souvislost s regionální politikou, ze které přeshraniční spolupráce vychází. Věnuje se také ostatním iniciativám Společenství v EU a detailně popisuje iniciativu INTERREG IIIA. České republice se v oblasti přeshraniční spolupráce otevřely nové obzory a možnosti právě se vstupem do EU. Cílem práce je demonstrace těchto nových možností na konkrétním způsobu podpory prostřednictvím programu Iniciativy Společenství INTERREG IIIA v Euroregionu Nisa. Euroregion Nisa se nachází v příhraniční oblasti na severu republiky, sousedí s Německem a Polskem, a proto úzce spolupracuje s přilehlými regiony právě těchto dvou zemí. Předmětem analýzy jsou projekty vycházející z programu Iniciativy Společenství INTERREG IIIA ČR ? Svobodný stát Sasko a ČR ? Polsko.
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Lucuková, Hana. "Euroregion Praděd - Česko-polská přeshraniční spolupráce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15765.
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The main issue of this diploma thesis are causes of subsidy border areas abeam European Union and its effects on the border area. It is supposed this grants bring on increase of socioeconomic level and integration with neighbouring state. Kritical approaches some authors to this premise were motivated me to research the system of subsidy boreder areas and practical verification on the example Euroregion Praděd/Pradziad. The idea of subsidy border areas is sure true, but oneness of every euroregion call for individual approach to aplication of the subsidy. Euroregion Praděd/Pradziad dispose of particular specifics too. This specifics are in this diploma thesis analysed. Often they are feeld like a barrier of development, but in Euroregion Praděd/Pradziad are some people, who feel this specifics like an opportunity of development.
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Sucker, Lena. "A transnational proposition : exploring cross-border cooperation among research institutes in foreign and security policy across wider Europe." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19590.
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The purpose of this research project is to analyse the opportunities and challenges that the foreign and security policy research institutes face in transnational cooperation across wider Europe. By specifically examining the capacities of non- and quasi-governmental actors to operate and cooperate at transnational level, the research informs the choices presented by the ongoing restructuring of the foreign and security policy sphere. The increasing deterritorialisation of foreign and security policy issues calls for transnational or multinational approaches to resolve them. As nation states fall short of the appropriate capacities, it is of interest to investigate how non- and quasi-governmental actors can contribute to transnational interaction. Therefore, their tools and capacities to operate and cooperate in the transnational sphere need to be established in the first place. In this context a broader geographical focus is chosen in order to study a more differentiated situation, instead of the already relatively integrated case of the European Union. The thesis first studies cooperation among research institutes in broader terms under consideration of their socio-political environment. It outlines differences in their organic development dependent on the geographic affiliation of the institutes, and identifies their tools as well as several defining characteristics. This is followed by an analysis of the fieldwork, discussing processes, opportunities and challenges in transnational cooperation as perceived by staff in research institutes. Subsequently, the thesis takes a more detailed look at applied cooperation among research institutes. Here it traces patterns and formats of interaction, and then delves into a case study on project- based cooperation that provides functional insights regarding research institutes cooperation across borders. In studying cooperation among research institutes from various perspectives, the research enables to investigate the integration among the different narratives. The study integrates a range of issues and concepts in an original manner, therefore it contributes to several significant debates. On the face of it, the thesis adds to the identification of a role for non- and quasi-governmental actors in an increasingly deterritorialised foreign and security policy sphere, using the example of research institutes. To address this aspect, the study considers both the broader implications of socio-political and economic interrelations for cooperation, as well as the detailed functional level of interaction. Moreover, based on the choice of geographical focus, the research project contributes to the literature on EU-Russia relations. Herein it adds to the extant literature by offering a perspective which acknowledges the implications of high politics but emphasises the role of non- and quasi-governmental actors. Beyond that, the thesis contributes to the theoretical debate on foreign and security policy in choosing a non-traditional approach to examine a non-traditional issue. Post-structuralism serves to facilitate a critical review of the construction of cooperation among Russian and EU-based public policy research institutes.
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Deerness-Plesner, Gina Eleanor Mary. "The Final Frontier? New Zealand engagement with the European Union in the field of research, science and technology." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2697.
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This dissertation endeavours to address an identified gap in literature concerning the relationship between New Zealand and the European Union (EU) in the field of research, science and technology (RS&T). Examination of the partnership begins with the creation of the Science and Technological Cooperation (STC) Arrangement in 1991 and comes to a close in 2008, following the Arrangement’s ‘upgrade’ to an STC Agreement on 16 July. During this time, the intensification of the EU’s activities in RS&T is evident. The Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) currently constitutes the most internationalised Programme to date. Identifying the complementary nature of New Zealand and EU research priorities thus suggests that now, more than ever, the New Zealand research community stands to gain from participation within such an inclusive venture.
Aiming to assess the current status of New Zealand-EU research collaboration, the research identifies a number of recurring themes, both positive and negative, that influence the nature of the RS&T relationship. These themes focus on problems concerning visibility within the EU, geographical isolation from this important market, an absence of targeted domestic funding for New Zealand-EU RS&T collaboration and the unwieldy bureaucratic process of the Framework Programme. The research also determines the importance of both ‘official’ and ‘informal’ mechanisms’ in combating the outlined collaborative bottlenecks. Taking these themes into account, the thesis ultimately looks to provide recommendations concerning the future of New Zealand-EU engagement in this field.
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Velerdas, Peralta Angel <1983>. "The special rights other than shares in cross-border mergers of limited liability companies within the European Union. A perspective from the Spanish Law." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4498/.
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The present research aims to study the special rights other than shares in Spanish Law and the protection of their holders in cross-border mergers of limited liability companies within the European Union frame.
Special rights other than shares are recognised as an independent legal category within legal systems of some EU Member States, such as Germany or Spain, through the implementation of the Third Directive 78/855/CEE concerning mergers of public limited liability companies. The above-cited Directive contains a special regime of protection for the holders of securities, other than shares, to which special rights are attached, consisting of being given rights in the acquiring company, at least equivalent to those they possessed in the company being acquired. This safeguard is to highlight the intimate connection between this type of rights and the company whose extinction determines the existence of those.
Pursuant to the Directive 2005/56/CE on cross-border mergers of limited liability companies, each company taking part in these operations shall comply with the safeguards of members and third parties provided in their respective national law to which is subject. In this regard, the protection for holders of special rights other than shares shall be ruled by the domestic M&A regime. As far as Spanish Law are concerned, holders of these special rights are recognized a right of merger information, in the same terms as shareholders, as well as equal rights in the company resulting from the cross-border merger. However, these measures are not enough guarantee for a suitable protection, thus considering those holders of special rights as special creditors, sometimes it will be necessary to go to the general protection regime for creditors. In Spanish Law, it would involve the recognition of right to the merger opposition, whose exercise would prevent the operation was completed until ensuring equal rights.
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Cadilhac, Marie-Cécile. "La dimension parlementaire de l'action extérieure de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G026.
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La dimension parlementaire de l’action extérieure de l’Union européenne, entendue comme la place occupée par le Parlement européen et par les parlements nationaux des Etats membres en tant qu’acteurs de l’action extérieure, se déploie à deux niveaux. Elle s’exprime tout d’abord, au sein de l’Union, à travers l’exercice des pouvoirs parlementaires octroyés par les traités (et le cas échéant par les droits constitutionnels nationaux), et ce de façon incontestable. Elle s’exprime ensuite sur la scène internationale au travers de multiples actions de diplomatie parlementaire, en l’absence de cadre juridique érigé par les traités, et ce de façon ambiguë. Dans l’un comme dans l’autre cas, la dimension parlementaire de l’action extérieure apparaît comme un atout, mais sous conditions, pour la poursuite de l’objectif d’affirmation de l’Union sur la scène internationale. Elle est en effet, en principe, un atout pour la légitimité démocratique de l’action de l’Union et pour la cohérence matérielle de l’action extérieure. Néanmoins, dans la pratique, cet atout demande à être confirmé. Afin d’être un atout effectif, la dimension parlementaire de l’action extérieure de l’UE suppose, à cet égard, d’assurer une conciliation harmonieuse de la légitimité démocratique de l’action de l’UE avec l’affirmation de l’Union sur la scène internationale. La quête de cette conciliation conduit à la formulation de réponses – réalisées ou réalisables – qui suivent un mouvement distinct selon l’espace d’expression des parlements. Lorsque le Parlement européen et les parlements nationaux agissent au sein de l’Union, les solutions résident dans la réalisation de multiples adaptations à partir du cadre juridique et institutionnel érigé par les traités. Ces adaptations, qui restent perfectibles, expliquent que la dimension parlementaire de l’action extérieure soit aujourd’hui encore un processus en construction. Lorsque le Parlement européen et les parlements nationaux agissent sur la scène internationale, les solutions résident dans la structuration d’un cadre juridique global, les règles juridiques existantes étant pour l’heure parcellaires et incomplètes. En définitive, l’action extérieure de l’Union s’enrichit d’une dimension parlementaire qui suppose, au sein de l’Union, d’approfondir les multiples adaptations réalisées à partir du cadre juridique existant et, sur la scène internationale, de structurer un cadre juridique global pour l’heure inexistant<br>The parliamentary dimension of the European Union’s External Action, to be understood as the involvement of the European Parliament and of the National Parliaments of EU Member States as actors of the External Action, is rolled out on two levels. Firstly, it is undoubtedly articulated within the European Union, through the exercise of parliamentary powers conferred by the treaties (and, where appropriate, by national constitutional Law). Secondly, it is ambiguously articulated on the international scene through various parliamentary diplomatic actions, without any legal framework set up by the treaties. In both cases, the parliamentary dimension of the External Action appears to be an asset, but under conditions, for the assertion of the European Union on the international scene. It is, in principle, an asset for the democratic legitimacy of the EU’s Action and for the coherence of the External Action. However, it needs to be confirmed in practice. In order to be a truly effective asset, the parliamentary dimension of the EU’s External Action requires reconciling the democratic legitimacy of the EU’s Action with the assertion of the European Union on the international scene. The quest for this conciliation leads to different answers – effective or desirable – which follow a particular pattern depending on the parliaments’ “area of expression”. When the European Parliament and the National Parliaments act within the EU, these answers consist of multiple adaptations of the legal and institutional framework established by the treaties. These adaptations, which are still imperfect, can explain why the parliamentary dimension of the External Action is still a process under construction. When the European Parliament and the National Parliaments act on the international scene, the solutions consist of the structuring of a comprehensive legal framework, since the existing legal rules remain piecemeal and incomplete. Eventually, the EU’s External Action is enriched by a parliamentary dimension which implies deepening, inside the EU, the multiple adaptations achieved from the existing legal framework, and which implies structuring, on the international scene, a global legal framework, which is missing for the moment
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Tomic, Nikola. "Where do EU missions come from? : a discursive and institutionalist analysis of the European Union's engagement in the Horn of Africa." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19809.
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The European Union (EU) deployed its first police mission in 2003. Since then, the EU has deployed thirty-four missions around the world. Considering the great financial burden to the EU budget and the budget of contributing Member States (MS), as well as the fact that the realm of defence is one of the most overdue areas of the European integration project, this thesis asks the general but multifaceted question of where EU missions come from. To address this question the thesis explores the historic origins of EU missions, conceptualises them in view of the conceptual and theoretical developments in the literature and policy practice, and develops a model for the analysis of the decision-making process behind the deployment of EU missions. The model is tested on three case studies, namely the three EU missions deployed in the Horn of Africa European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) Atalanta, European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Somalia and European Union Capacity Building Mission (EUCAP) Nestor. The findings of the analysis reveal a gradual evolution of EU crisis management after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the establishment of the European External Action Service. The analysis indicates that EUNAVFOR Atalanta was primarily deployed due to French impetus at the level of the Political and Security Committee (PSC), but also due to a convincing call of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to the international community to act against the significant increase of piracy activity in the Gulf of Aden in 2008. The EUTM Somalia mission was primarily deployed due to a convincing strategy from the strategic planners at the EEAS, as well as the commitment of the United States (US) to a partnership with the EU to train recruits of the Somali Security Forces (SSF). Finally, the analysis of the third case study reveals even greater impact from the strategic planners at the EEAS and the acceptance at all levels of the EU s Comprehensive Approach to crisis management, and in particular due to the influential Strategic Framework for the Horn of Africa document. The overall interpretation of the findings conclude that the foreign policy of the EU is a moving target, constantly changing, as is exemplified by both the historic overview and the analysis of the three case studies, and that the analysts of EU foreign policy must remain open to these changes when choosing modes of studying EU foreign policy.
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Pallin, Joakim. "Explaining the organisation of the European External Action Service : A new institutionalist analysis of the EU’s new foreign affairs service." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16749.
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The primary aim of this essay and qualitative case study is to identify different explanations of why the European External Action Service (EEAS) was organised and why it resulted in today’s organisation. Existing research not entirely updated highlighted the need for new information. Furthermore, since existing research mostly focuses on other aspects, such as the character of EU foreign policy or the role of the EU internationally, this motivated an alternative approach. Three main branches of New Institutionalism (rational choice, historical and sociological) constitute a theoretical framework, aimed at identifying explanations perhaps not earlier contemplated. Findings suggest for example that a major reason for the organisation of this service is due to self-interest maximising, increasing the EUs political and economic influence by acting more coherent. The need to attain legitimacy and resemble other established actors by adopting institutionalised practices and structures in the homogeneous diplomatic field is another explanation. The Service is partially organised the way it is because of the successes of major EU institutions and the member states in ‘locking-in’ their preferences. Organisational characteristics can also be explained as results of several historical, institutional upgrades in relation to earlier treaties and debates on the future of Europe.
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Hong, Wei-Sheng. "Legal mechanisms for the European Union to participate in the decision-making of multilateral fora in the field of maritime affairs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17076.
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The European Union (EU) increasingly participates in various arrangements at the international level in order to further the objectives of the Union. Yet, such participation poses challenges in terms of ensuring that the EU has an effective voice, whilst also ensuring certainty and clarity for other participants. This thesis focuses on the EU’s participation in the decision-making processes of multilateral fora in the field of maritime affairs in order to examine how these challenges can be met. The thesis explores the legal mechanisms in both EU law and international law that accommodate the ability of the EU to participate in international arrangements. It will consider whether these mechanisms ensure clarity and certainty to the key actors involved and whether consistency exists between the internal and external mechanisms. Through collecting, examining, and analysing historical and contemporary materials relating to the shaping and operating of the internal and external legal mechanisms, this thesis aims to explain and analyse how the legal mechanisms are established and how they can be adapted to meet the challenges facing the EU, its Member States, third States, and international institutions in a clearer and more consistent manner. The research diagnoses several key factors that have contributed to the possible ambiguity, uncertainty, and inconsistency of these mechanisms, including the evolving nature of shared competence and a heavy reliance on the Court of Justice in ascertaining and safeguarding the contours of the EU legal order and its interface with the international legal order. It then examines how the internal legal mechanisms have been projected externally, by using selected case studies of the participation of the EU in the International Maritime Organisation, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations. This thesis illustrates that although various mechanisms have been adopted internally and externally to tackle the challenges facing the EU’s participation, several sets of asymmetries can be found across different legal mechanisms. The thesis evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these mechanisms and it further suggests that adopting the mixed-participation mode for the EU and its Member States to participate in the multilateral fora may be preferable, or indeed necessary, even in areas where the EU enjoys an exclusive competence.