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Books on the topic 'External cont'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Masuhr, Klaus. Die externen Kosten der Energieversorgung. Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel, 1992.

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2

Marín, Gustavo. Elementos de reflexión sobre una política alternativa a la crisis de la deuda externa. [Buenos Aires?]: PRIES-Cono Sur, 1988.

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3

Souza, Paulo Renato. Quem paga a conta?: Dívida, déficit e inflação nos anos 80. São Paulo: Editora Brasiliense, 1989.

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4

Wertorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung: Zum Zusammenhang von Kapitalmarkt, externer und interner Rechnungslegung. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2001.

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5

Zhen jiu ming shi lin chuang bi ji cong shu: Fei xi bing zheng juan. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo yi yao ke ji chu ban she, 2008.

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6

Vial, Joaquin. Crecimiento Economico y Requerimientos de Financiamiento Externo en el Cono Sur. Santiago: Departamento de Economia, Universidd de Chile, 1985.

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7

Stenger, Axel. Die externe Rechnungslegung der Landesrundfunkanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Eine theoretische und empirische Studie. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1985.

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8

Connecticut. Dept. of Public Utility Control. DPUC investigation of the external costs and benefits associated with energy consumption: Report to the General Assembly. New Britain, CT: State of Connecticut, Dept. of Public Utility Control, 1993.

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9

zhu, Han, ed. 365 tian cong tou dao jiao zui wan zheng de gua sha yang sheng bao jian quan shu. Taibei Shi: Shang qi zi xun gu fen you xian gong si, 2012.

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10

Pössl, Wolfgang. Controlling und externe Beratung: Ein Konzept zur Verbesserung der Führungsqualität in mittelständischen Unternehmen. München: F. Vahlen, 1991.

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11

El país nuestro de cada día: Argentina y el sistema internacional. Buenos Aires: Hyspamérica, 1985.

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12

Willeke, Rainer. Mobilität, Verkehrsmarktordnung, externe Kosten und Nutzen des Verkehrs. Frankfurt am Main: Verband der Automobilindustrie, 1996.

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13

Llach, Juan José. Mercados de trabajo, terminos del intercambio externo y salarios reales en el largo prazo, la Argentina y América Latina, 1940-1985. Buenos Aires: Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, 1987.

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14

Work and welfare: The social costs of labor in the history of economic thought. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1996.

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15

Serov, Viktor, Natal'ya Moiseenko, and Ekaterina Bogomolova. Economics of construction and installation organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1056567.

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The textbook provides a holistic view of the construction and installation organization as a subject of production and management and as a production and socio-economic system. Its role and place as a primary link in the general system of the national economy, the internal and external environment of its functioning are considered. Production resources, production capital and production capacity of construction and installation organizations, methods and indicators of their condition and use are characterized. The content and indicators of the costs of construction production, the cost of construction products and construction and installation works, income, profit and profitability of production and economic activities are disclosed. The basics of contractual relations of construction contractors and risk assessment of their production and economic activities, assessment of the economic condition, competitiveness and position in the construction contract markets are described. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in the areas of training 38.03.01 "Economics" (profile "Economics of enterprises and organizations"), 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Production Management"), teachers, as well as for a wide range of specialists of construction and installation organizations.
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16

Office, General Accounting. Department of Energy: Clear strategy on external regulation needed for worker and nuclear facility safety : report to the Committee on Science, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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17

Health care quality: Grievance procedures : hearing of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session on examining how to implement improved health claim grievance procedures, focusing on the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) requirements regarding internal review of health benefit claims and the need for independent external review, and S. 1712, to improve the quality of health benefit plans and provide protections for consumers enrolled in such plans, May 19, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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18

Qing dai wai zhai shi lun (Zhongguo jin dai cai zheng jing ji shi cong shu). Zhongguo cai zheng jing ji chu ban she, 1996.

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19

Peng, Gang. Jie zhai, yong zhai, huan zhai: Zhongguo dui wai zhai wu mian mian guan (Jing ji sheng huo re dian cong shu). Xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1992.

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20

Hansmann, Henry, and Richard Squire. External and Internal Asset Partitioning. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.3.

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This chapter analyzes the economic consequences of external and internal asset partitioning, and it considers implications of this analysis for creditor remedies. External partitioning refers to the legal boundaries between business firms and their equity investors, while internal partitioning refers to the legal boundaries within corporate groups. The chapter begins by cataloguing the benefits and costs of corporate partitioning; it then employs this catalogue to analyze the relative economics of external and internal partitioning. Non-partitioning functions of subsidiaries are also identified. The chapter then considers whether cost-benefit analysis predicts how courts actually apply de-partitioning remedies, with particular emphasis on veil piercing and enterprise liability. The chapter concludes by arguing that courts should employ the distinction between external and internal partitioning when applying creditor remedies that disregard corporate partitions, and it identifies factors—in addition to whether a partition is internal or external—that courts should consider when deciding whether to de-partition.
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21

1917-, Xu Yi, and Wang Xiaoguang, eds. Cong bai nian qu ru dao min zu fu xing. Beijing: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2002.

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22

Zhang, Zhichao. Guo ji zhai wu, jing ji zeng zhang yu zheng ce xuan ze (Qing nian jing ji xue bo shi yan jiu cong shu). Shanxi sheng xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1993.

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23

Zimbabwe Council of Churches. Justice, Peace, and Reconciliation., ed. The burden of the debt crisis: A moral scandal : a challenge for civil society. Harare: Justice, Peace and Reconciliation, Zimbabwe Council of Churches, 1997.

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24

Kotzur, Markus, David Moya, Ülkü Sezgi Sözen, and Andrea Romano, eds. The External Dimension of EU Migration and Asylum Policies. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298375.

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refugee law that took place in Barcelona. In the spirit of intergenerational academic exchange, students, young researchers, and established experts engage in interdisciplinary discussions on fundamental questions of migration law and migration policy, which have become more virulent than ever since the refugee protection crisis of 2015. European, human rights and international law aspects are supplemented by national perspectives from Belgium, Bulgaria, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The entire project sees itself as a laboratory for the exchange of ideas on how modern migration societies can orient themselves towards a sustainable future. With contributions by Claudia Candelmo, Carmine Conte, Francisco Javier Donaire Villa, Arolda Elbasani, Leonard Amaru Feil, Francesco Luigi Gatta, Chad Heimrich, Markus Kotzur, Annalisa Morticelli, David Moya, Claudia Pretto, Andrea Romano, David Fernandez Rojo, Senada Šelo Šabić, Valentina Savazzi, Ülkü Sezgi Sözen and Catharina Ziebritzki.
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25

Adelstein, Richard. Externality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694272.003.0006.

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This chapter identifies the environmental conditions favorable to voluntary exchange and those susceptible to external cost imposition, and the consequences of each for efficiency. When someone takes a legally recognized right from another without consent or compensation, an external cost is imposed. Externality is theft. There’s no externality until the law gives the cost bearer a right to be free of the costs imposed, so imposing an external cost means stealing this right, or entitlement, which always creates an injustice for the law that requires a liability proceeding to force the cost imposer to compensate the owner and complete the unfinished involuntary exchange begun by the theft. But externality isn’t always inefficient, and forcing thieves to pay a compensatory liability price won’t necessarily deter the thefts. Absolute deterrence of externality would deter these thefts whether they’re efficient or not, but tort and criminal liability seek only full compensation, not absolute deterrence.
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26

Shiji, Wu. Li yue pian wen (Wai zhi yi shuo) (Ming qing Zhong yi lin zheng xiao cong shu). Xin hua shu dian zong dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing, 1995.

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27

Controlling Collaboration between Firms: How to build and Maintain Successful Relationships with External Partners. CIMA Publishing, 2007.

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28

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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29

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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30

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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31

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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32

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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33

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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34

Taibao, Qi, Serennamujila, and Suhebilige, eds. Menggu yi xue jing dian cong shu. Huhehaote Shi: Nei Menggu ren min chu ban she, 1999.

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35

Grazzi, Matteo, Simone Sasso, Diana Hidalgo, and Kimberley Ballantyne. CO.NECTA: La guía para equipos de emprendedores creativos en América Latina y el Caribe: Construir relaciones. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003275.

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CO.NECTA es una guía para equipos de emprendedores creativos de América Latina y el Caribe desarrollada por el BID y NESTA. Su objetivo es apoyar a los equipos creativos para desarrollar nuevas formas de trabajar, expandir y fomentar sus relaciones internas y externas y construir estrategias para sostener sus empresas. CO.NECTA ha sido diseñada con un enfoque modular, pensada para uso práctico según sea necesario. Cada módulo, sección e incluso objetivo de aprendizaje ha sido ideado para funcionar de manera independiente. Se compone de tres módulos: construir un equipo creativo; construir relaciones; y construir un emprendimiento sostenible. En construir relaciones, considerarán su empresa desde un punto de vista externo. Este módulo les ayudará a dirigirse a su público, comprender cómo sus clientes perciben lo que su empresa tiene para ofrecer y conocer a los actores en su ecosistema.
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36

French, Jeff. Commissioning social marketing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717690.003.0008.

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This chapter sets out some practical considerations and tips for organizations considering investing in external suppliers to provide either elements of a social marketing initiative or a whole initiative. Commissioning can be a highly cost-effective way of drawing on the necessary specialist skills that may not be present within organizations. It is a straightforward process, but it demands a systematic approach and the proactive management of prospective and successful suppliers. There are many issues that need to be considered when deciding to bring in external agencies or individuals to help develop, deliver, or evaluate your social marketing programme. This chapter provides some helpful checklists and questions to consider, as well as some guidance on managing suppliers of services.
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37

Silva, Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes da. Dupla quarentena: (Re)signific(ação). Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-036-6.

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Essa obra é o resultado de duas fases de distanciamento social sem isolamento social de vida, emergidas por questões de doença(acidente) e manutenção da saúde.. Daí o nome Dupla Quarentena, instigando uma reflexão a partir de situações experienciadas e ressignificadas, abordando um processo de reabilitação interno e externo, resultante de uma caminhada nesses dois âmbitos. Não perdendo os parâmetros acadêmicos, esse livro é um pouco de minha trajetória de distanciamento social, durante essas duas fases de vida que me trouxeram muitas inquietações, reflexões, ressignificações materializadas em ações. O que me levou a um procedimento de transformação, mudança e autoconhecimento. As reflexões apresentadas na obra, serão desenvolvidas, por meio das seguintes palavras ACIDENTE/INCIDENTE, FAMIL(ARES), (RE)ADPT(AÇÃO), AMIZADES, DISTANCIAMENTO, CON(VIVENDO), (RE)APRENDENDO, RESILIÊNCIA, DESAFIO e GRATIDÃO, que me levaram, ou melhor, me levam a externar esse momento, advindas das situações vivenciadas, as quais sintetizo em DUPLA QUARENTENA: (RE) SIGNIFIC(AÇÃO) e que sirva para você como um estímulo a REFLEXÃO.
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38

Informe Financiero del Director e Informe del Auditor Externo. 1 de enero del 2019 al 31 de diciembre del 2019. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275373606.

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En el 2019, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) ejerció su liderazgo y su función catalizadora del cambio con el fin de mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la población de la Región de las Américas, en colaboración con sus Estados Miembros y sus asociados. La OPS prosiguió con sus actividades de cooperación técnica directa con un enfoque integrado y multisectorial, movilización de recursos, fortalecimiento de las asociaciones y las redes, creación de capacidad, generación y suministro evidencia, y promoción de las acciones necesarias para alcanzar los objetivos establecidos en el Plan Estratégico 2014-2019 de la OPS en su último año de ejecución. Asimismo, se lograron progresos importantes en el cumplimiento de los compromisos de la Agenda de Salud Sostenible para las Américas 2018-2030 y la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Descargue el documento para consultar estos y otros aspectos en más detalle.
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39

Sarria, Andrés Felipe, Sandra Marcela Vargas González, Julián Duran Peralta, Diana Milena Murillo Ospina, Diana Marcela Ruíz Domínguez, Lina Marcela Vargas García, Julián Mauricio Gómez López, et al. Estudios institucionales, empresariales y económicos. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585583849.

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Esta publicación se presenta al público con la enorme satisfacción del trabajo cumplido. Recoge los resultados finales de las investigaciones desarrolladas por los docentes y estudiantes vinculados a los grupos de investigación del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Desarrollo Regional (CEIDER) de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, con la colaboración de otros investigadores externos. Los temas institucionales, empresariales, y económicos, son abordados desde diferentes enfoques, enriqueciendo las temáticas y generando espacios para la discusión y el debate.
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40

et, Mokal. The MSME Insolvency Status Quo. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799931.003.0002.

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This chapter examines specific challenges faced by MSMEs. These challenges arise from factors such as size, lack of available collateral, undiversified nature, and lack of suitable external governance mechanisms, all of which contribute to a high MSME failure rate. As such, it is crucial for insolvency regimes to be responsive to MSMEs’ particular requirements. The chapter then discusses the need for cost-effective insolvency regimes tailored to these requirements, and the problems inherent in the development of such regimes. Cost-effective insolvency proceedings can encourage non-viable distressed firms to exit the market and efficiently recycle their assets to new uses, provide viable distressed firms with the chance to reorganize their operations and liability in order to continue in business, provide higher returns to MSME creditors and thereby incentivize lending in this sector, and encourage greater entrepreneurial activity and new firm creation. Ultimately, an effective MSME insolvency regime can alleviate the downside risk of a venture, in turn increasing the number and variety of people pursuing entrepreneurial activities.
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41

Valderrama Ordóñez, Silvia Cristina, Julián Andrés Mosquera Bolaños, Leidy Tatiana Casas Posada, Elizabeth Ríos Vásquez, Islena Bello Salgado, Kimberlyn Rodríguez Avendaño, Anggy Lorena Cruz Lozano, et al. Cultura tributaria: relevancia ante rentabilidad empresarial. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585147836.

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La presente publicación se presenta ante el público con la enorme satisfacción del trabajo cumplido. Recoge los resultados finales de las investigaciones desarrolladas por los docentes y estudiantes vinculados a los grupos de investigación del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Desarrollo Regional (CEIDER) de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, con la colaboración de otros investigadores externos. Los temas institucionales, empresariales, y económicos, son abordados desde diferentes enfoques, enriqueciendo las temáticas y generando espacios para la discusión y el debate.
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42

Textor, Mark. Intentionality Primitivism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685479.003.0004.

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Brentano endorsed (conceptual) primitivism about intentionality and the view that intentionality is fully revealed to us in its instantiations. The pros and cons of Brentano’s view that intentionality is a conceptually primitive property of every mental act are discussed. On the one hand, it makes clear why we need to distinguish between the immanent object (intentional correlate) and the external object. But, on the other hand, propositional attitudes turn out to be a major problem for intentionality primitivism. Meinong accepted Brentano’s Thesis as well as the existence of ‘propositional attitudes’ but one cannot defend Brentano’s Thesis by saying that propositional attitudes are directed on objectives or the like. A plausible mark of the mental needs to disentangle being a mental act (process) from having an object.
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43

Joe, Tirado, Meagher Daniel R, and Gupta Arpan. Part IX Costs, Funding, and Ideas for Optimization, 26 The Costs and Funding of International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0027.

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The costs and funding of international arbitration are an integral part of the dispute process and not mere consequence. As the costs for the end-users of international arbitration continue to rise, there is a greater emphasis on recovering them, a dismay about how arbitration is ‘out of control’, together with a variety of efforts at reforms designed to reduce costs and foster efficiency. This chapter first considers the different cost elements involved in international arbitration proceedings. These include institutional charges, arbitral tribunal fees and expenses, external counsel’s fees, costs of witnesses, and miscellaneous costs. It then explores the funding mechanisms which are increasingly available to parties in international arbitration, including conditional fee arrangements (CFAs), damages-based agreements (DBAs), and insurance products.
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44

Informe Financiero del Director e Informe del Auditor Externo. 1 de enero del 2020 al 31 de diciembre del 2020. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275173626.

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A lo largo del 2020, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) siguió siendo una voz autorizada para la salud en la Región de las Américas, al suministrar orientación política, estratégica y técnica sobre la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID‐19 a los niveles más altos de los gobiernos, los agentes no estatales, otros organismos de las Naciones Unidas y el sistema interamericano. Por medio de su cooperación técnica, la OPS continúa siendo un catalizador para la mejora de la salud y el bienestar de la población de la Región, en colaboración con sus Estados Miembros y sus asociados. En esta publicación figuran los estados financieros de la OPS correspondientes al período de presentación de información financiera finalizado el 31 de diciembre del 2020. Asimismo, incluye el informe y la opinión del Auditor Externo sobre los estados financieros de la Organización correspondientes al 2020. Los estados financieros y las notas a los estados financieros se prepararon de acuerdo con lo estipulado en las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad del Sector Público (IPSAS) y el Reglamento Financiero y Reglas Financieras de la OPS.
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45

Office, General Accounting. Space station: Improving NASA's planning for external maintenance : report to the Chair, Government Activities and Transportation Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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46

Office, General Accounting. Space shuttle: External tank procurement does not comply with Competition in Contracting Act : report to the chairman, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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47

Matesan, Ioana Emy. The Violence Pendulum. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510087.001.0001.

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What drives Islamist groups to shift between nonviolent and violent tactics? When do groups move away from armed action, and why do some organizations renounce violence permanently, while others only place it on hold temporarily? The Violence Pendulum answers these questions and offers a theory of tactical change that explains both escalation and de-escalation. The analysis traces the historical evolution of four key Islamist groups: the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya in Egypt, and Darul Islam and Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia. Drawing on a wide variety of archival materials, interviews, and reports, each chapter narrows in on critical turning points in each organization, and shows the factors that best explain whether the group legitimizes and resorts to violence and develops an armed wing. The book’s main contention is that Islamist groups alter their tactics in response to changes in the perceived need for activism, shifts in the cost of violent versus nonviolent resistance, and internal or external pressures on the organization. However, escalation and de-escalation are not simply mirror images of each other. Groups turn toward violence when their grievances escalate, when violent resistance is feasible and publicly tolerated, and when there are internal or external pressures to act. Organizations may renounce armed action when violence becomes too costly for the group, disillusionment eclipses the perceived need for continued activism, and leaders are willing to rethink the group’s the tactics and strategies.
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48

Chowdhury, Arjun. The Self-Undermining State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686710.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an informal rationalist model of state formation as an exchange between a central authority and a population. In the model, the central authority protects the population against external threats and the population disarms and pays taxes. The model specifies the conditions under which the exchange is self-enforcing, meaning that the parties prefer the exchange to alternative courses of action. These conditions—costly but winnable interstate war—are historically rare, and the cost of such wars can rise beyond the population’s willingness to sacrifice. At this point, the population prefers to avoid war rather than fight it and may prefer an alternative institution to the state if that institution can prevent war and reduce the level of extraction. Thus the modern centralized state is self-undermining rather than self-enforcing. A final section addresses alternative explanations for state formation.
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49

Adelstein, Richard. Tort Liability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694272.003.0007.

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Torts are involuntary seizures of entitlements of a certain kind in a particular exchange environment, and tort liability attempts to ensure that tortfeasors compensate their victims for the costs these takings impose. Liability is the law’s answer to externality. It doesn’t seek to deter torts absolutely, but to control them through the principle of corrective justice, which separates efficient from inefficient torts by liability prices and deters only the latter. This chapter examines how these involuntary exchanges are governed by tort liability to do corrective justice and imperfectly completed through individual and class action tort suits for compensatory damages. Tort liability is shown to effectively encourage efficient torts, in which the value of the unlawful cost imposition to the tortfeasor exceeds the external costs of the tort, and thus provide a means to move entitlements to higher-valuing owners in an environment of involuntary takings by private takers.
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50

Ferlie, Ewan, Sue Dopson, Chris Bennett, Michael D. Fischer, Jean Ledger, and Gerry McGivern. The Quality, Improvement, Productivity, and Prevention (QIPP) programme in the English National Health Service. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777212.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the importance of the QIPP productivity programme, and the techniques underpinning implementation. It offers a historical analysis of the various phases of QIPP. The chronology indicates that QIPP was originally developed in 2009 under a Labour government following the 2008 global financial crisis. QIPP involved three streams of activity: pay restraint and reduced administration costs; lower national tariffs and increased productivity; and system redesign. We note the involvement of external management consultants brought in to advise government. The chapter reviews existing commentaries on QIPP; however, we note that the nature and effects of QIPP have been badly under-researched, despite its major importance. Think tank-based commentaries suggest QIPP relied on crude cost compression, with little evidence of the productivity-enhancing service transformation initially hoped for. The chapter ends by introducing subsequent chapters that explore the career of QIPP in our case-study sites.
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