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Journal articles on the topic 'External energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sargsyan, Tigran. "Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne w zewnętrznej polityce energetycznej Stanów Zjednoczonych." Czasopismo Geograficzne 93, no. 2 (2022): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/czageo-93-13.

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Energy security is a key idea of countries’ energy policy at both domestic and international levels. The aim of the paper is to reveal and describe the role and significance of the concept of energy security within the external energy policy of the USA with particular attention to its regional aspects. In a theoretical section, a number of definitions of energy security were discussed and summarized, presenting a brief theoretical overview of energy security. Besides, the need for a spatially diversified approach towards energy policy planning and implementation was described briefly. Analyzin

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2

Golub, Gennadii, Vyacheslav Chuba, Vitaliy Lutak, Yaroslav Yarosh, and Savelii Kukharets. "Researching of indicators of agroecosystem without external energy supply." Journal of Central European Agriculture 22, no. 2 (2021): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/22.2.3076.

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3

Lim, Seul-Ye, Ho-Young Kim, and Seung-Hoon Yoo. "The external benefit of combustible waste-to-energy: A contingent valuation study." Journal of Energy Engineering 22, no. 3 (2013): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2013.22.3.270.

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4

Nisirat, Mahdi A. "A New External Force for Snake Algorithm Based on Energy Diffusion." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 9, no. 3 (2019): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2019.9.3.804.

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5

Lulu, Yu, and Li Zhao. "Research on China’s Energy External Dependence and Energy Strategy." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 01047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124501047.

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After the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of economy and science and technology, high-tech products such as high-speed railway, train, aircraft, missile and rocket appear in response to the times. As people’s living standards develop, they have a high consumption demand towards energy. For example, coal gas and natural gas take the place of firewood, and various new energy such as wind energy, tidal energy and solar energy emerge. China is now seeing a rapid industrialization. Although the amount of China’s energy is large, the rigid demand of energy remains tense in supply a

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6

Ha, Yuan K. "External energy paradigm for black holes." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 31 (2018): 1844025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18440256.

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A new paradigm for black holes is introduced. It is known as the External Energy Paradigm. The paradigm asserts that all energies of a black hole are external quantities; they are absent inside the horizon. These energies include constituent mass, gravitational energy, electrostatic energy, rotational energy, heat energy, etc. As a result, quantum particles with charges and spins cannot exist inside the black hole. To validate the conclusion, we derive the moment of inertia of a Schwarzschild black hole and find that it is exactly equal to mass [Formula: see text] (Schwarzschild radius)2, indi

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7

Huynh, Bao Tan. "Energy price shocks and external balances." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 49, no. 2 (2016): 789–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caje.12214.

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8

Zorii, Natalia. "Constrained Energy Problems with External Fields." Complex Analysis and Operator Theory 5, no. 3 (2010): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11785-010-0070-9.

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9

Husain, Tariq. "Pakistan’s Energy Sector Issues: Energy Efficiency and Energy Environmental Links." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, Special Edition (2010): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.isp.a3.

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This paper analyzes Pakistan’s energy sector issues and highlights (i) the importance of the link between energy and the environment, and (ii) the central importance of energy efficiency for high return demand-side solutions to meet the country’s energy needs. The paper argues that energy planning should integrate the external cost of energy use in deciding about the composition of supply: coal, oil, gas, hydropower, renewable, nuclear, and solar. By utilizing external cost estimates made by the European Commission for Europe, and the US National Academy of Sciences, a total cost (external + i

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10

Mišík, Matúš. "The Dynamics of EU External Energy Relations. Fighting for Energy." Europe-Asia Studies 71, no. 2 (2019): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1584465.

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11

Schmidt-Felzmann, Anke. "Editorial: The European Union's External Energy Policy." Journal of Contemporary European Research 4, no. 2 (2008): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v4i2.113.

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12

Wolinski, Krzysztof. "Exploring Potential Energy Surface with External Forces." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 14, no. 12 (2018): 6306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00885.

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13

Li, J. S., G. Q. Chen, X. F. Wu, T. Hayat, A. Alsaedi, and B. Ahmad. "Embodied energy assessment for Macao׳s external trade." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 34 (June 2014): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.038.

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14

Braby, L. A., A. L. Brooks, W. F. Heidenreich, et al. "4. Heterogeneous Energy Deposition from External Radiations." Journal of the ICRU 11, no. 2 (2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/ndr021.

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15

Rivero, Daniel, Miguel Ángel Fernández-González, and Luis Manuel Frutos. "Tuning molecular excitation energy with external forces." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1040-1041 (July 2014): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2014.04.004.

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16

Myers, Stuart H., David Spiegel, and John M. Flynn. "External Fixation of High-Energy Tibia Fractures." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 27, no. 5 (2007): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bpb.0000279033.04892.25.

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17

Shahdan, M. S., S. S. Ahmad, and M. A. Hussin. "External shading devices for energy efficient building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 117 (February 2018): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/117/1/012034.

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18

Taborsky, Edwina. "Energy and evolutionary semiosis." Sign Systems Studies 30, no. 1 (2002): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2002.30.1.24.

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This paper sets up a thought-experiment that examines the transformation of energy into codified mass. This transformation is understood as a semiosic action of interpretation. The semiosic action is analyzed within five “predicate” or “verbal modes” which establish different processes of transformation or interpretation. These “predicate modes”, which are sign processes, take place in different areas of reality, the external realm and the internal realm. The external realm is composed of discrete objects and their interactions. Its processes are examined within classical mechanics and this pa

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19

Molo, Beata. "The external dimension of the European Union’s energy policy and practice of German energy policy." Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej, no. 13 (December 31, 2019): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rie.2019.13.15.

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The article presents selected issues related to shaping the external dimension of the European Union’s energy policy and the main directions and practice of Germany’s energy policy. The beginnings, directions and instruments of the external dimension of EU energy policy are discussed, including problems limiting the effectiveness of external coordination of energy cooperation of the European Union Member States. In addition, the study presents Germany’s position towards the external dimension of EU energy policy as well as the goals, shape and main instruments of Germany’s energy relations wit

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20

Boute, Anatole. "China’s External Energy Security: Energy Trade and Investment Along the ‘Belt and Road’." Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 2-3 (2019): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340129.

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Abstract As the world’s largest energy consumer, China’s energy security policies have significant implications for global, regional and national energy governance. However, the legal dimension of China’s external energy security remains understudied, with most attention in the energy law literature focused on EU and US energy security. This Special Issue studies the legal aspects of Chinese external energy cooperation by focusing on energy trade and investment under the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ – the Chinese foreign policy concept aiming to promote regional and global economic integration t

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21

Lee, Dong-Hyun, Jee-Min Yoo, Dong-Jin Hong, and Jae-Jun Jeong. "Application of Machine Learning Technique for Predicting the Condensation Heat Transfer on a Vertical-Tube External Surface Under the Presence of Noncondensable Gas." Journal of Energy Engineering 30, no. 3 (2021): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2021.30.3.024.

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22

Stanca, Simona. "Thermal Rehabilitation of External Walls – Case Study." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section 68, no. 1 (2022): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipca-2022-0002.

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Abstract Both at national and international level, the present-day trends relate to the development of high-performance enclosing and insulation systems that make use of modern thermo-energetic rehabilitation methods. Thermal rehabilitation works for the envelope of a building or for the building elements forming the envelope concern the diminishing of the heat losses by increasing the thermal resistances of the enclosing elements and limiting air infiltrations through glazed elements and joints. In most Western European countries, national programmes aiming at the thermal protection of the bu

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23

N Bhandari Nandan, Pushpak. "External Energy Sources and their Influence on Fundamental Forces in our 3-D Universe." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 8 (2023): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23801092721.

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24

Abdul, Jabbar, and Sandhy Widyasthana G.N. "Business Strategy Proposal for Solar Energy EPC Company." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 06, no. 03 (2023): 2191–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7785117.

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<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>Catur Elang Energi (CEE), as one of the business diversifications of PT. Catur Elang Perkasa was established in 2020 to support Indonesian government to increase the new and renewable energy contribution in Indonesia by providing EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) service for roof top solar power plant. In 2022, revenue generated from their operations is not good enough to achieve the target given by management. This research conducted to know the external and internal factor and propose strategy to improve CEE performance. This study further analyzes how t

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25

Sutrisno, Amanda, and David J. Braun. "How to run 50% faster without external energy." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (2020): eaay1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay1950.

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Technological innovations may enable next-generation running shoes to provide unprecedented mobility. But how could a running shoe increase the speed of motion without providing external energy? We found that the top speed of running may be increased more than 50% using a catapult-like exoskeleton device, which does not provide external energy. Our finding uncovers the hidden potential of human performance augmentation via unpowered robotic exoskeletons. Our result may lead to a new-generation of augmentation devices developed for sports, rescue operations, and law enforcement, where humans co

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26

McMahon, David P., and Alessandro Troisi. "Evaluation of the External Reorganization Energy of Polyacenes." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1, no. 6 (2010): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz1001049.

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27

Ulanov, V. L., and E. Yu Ulanova. "Impact of External Factors on National Energy Security." Journal of Mining Institute 238, no. 4 (2019): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2019.4.474.

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28

Wang, Min, Unnati Joshi, and James H. Pikul. "Powering Electronics by Scavenging Energy from External Metals." ACS Energy Letters 5, no. 3 (2020): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02661.

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29

Achleitner, Ulrich, Anton Amann, Martin Stoffaneller, and Michael Baubin. "Waveforms of external defibrillators: analysis and energy contribution." Resuscitation 41, no. 2 (1999): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(99)00070-2.

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30

El-Nadi, M., S. Kamel, A. Hussein, et al. "External electron pair production in high-energy collisions." Il Nuovo Cimento A 109, no. 11 (1996): 1517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778236.

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31

Jeon, Yongho, Hyung Wook Park, and Choon Man Lee. "Current research trends in external energy assisted machining." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 14, no. 2 (2013): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-013-0047-5.

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32

Smith, Douglas K., and William P. Cooney. "External Fixation of High-Energy Upper Extremity Injuries." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 4, no. 1 (1990): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199003000-00002.

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33

Chen, Y. D. "Asymmetry and external noise-induced free energy transduction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 84, no. 3 (1987): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.3.729.

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34

Ashryatov, A. A., V. G. Kulikov, and A. V. Panteleyev. "Energy saving control system development for external lighting." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 3 (2020): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i3.pp1601-1606.

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<p>Currently, energy saving requires the development of simple and efficient street lighting control systems. In order to create such a control system, it is necessary to develop an original principle of its operation. They considered the advantages of electronic starting devices in street lighting control systems. They performed the analysis of the existing state of street lighting means, their shortcomings and solutions have been determined, and they developed the method of lighting device automatic control. They performed the assessment of the economic effect from loss reduction assoc

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35

Fouquet, Roger. "Long run trends in energy-related external costs." Ecological Economics 70, no. 12 (2011): 2380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.07.020.

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36

A., A. Ashryatov, G. Kulikov V., and V. Panteleyev A. "Energy saving control system development for external lighting." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS) 17, no. 3 (2020): 1601–6. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i3.pp1601-1606.

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Currently, energy saving requires the development of simple and efficient street lighting control systems. In order to create such a control system, it is necessary to develop an original principle of its operation. They considered the advantages of electronic starting devices in street lighting control systems. They performed the analysis of the existing state of street lighting means, their shortcomings and solutions have been determined, and they developed the method of lighting device automatic control. They performed the assessment of the economic effect from loss reduction associated wit

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37

Sonck, Michel, Joeri Van Hoyweghen, and Alex Hermanne. "Determination of the external beam energy of a variable energy. Multiparticle cyclotron." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47, no. 4 (1996): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8043(95)00323-1.

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38

Fedorczak-Cisak, Malgorzata, Marcin Furtak, Grzegorz Hayduk, and Pawel Kwasnowski. "Energy Analysis And Cost Efficiency of External Partitions In Low Energy Buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471 (February 23, 2019): 112095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/11/112095.

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39

Sargsyan, Tigran. "European energy security in the context of the U.S. external energy policy." Bulletin of Yerevan University D: International Relations and Political Sciences 1 (December 29, 2022): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:d/2022.sp1.003.

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The article discusses the main aspects of European energy security and the U.S. perspectives (engagement and interests). Therefore, the brief theoretical framework of energy policy and energy security is presented in the beginning through summarizing and generalizing a number of theoretical definitions. Afterwards, on the base of relevant statistical data analysis and summarizing the main contemporary issues towards ensuring European Union’s (EU) energy security are referred to: lack of own fuel and energy resources (particularly in the face of growing demand), predominance of imported energy

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40

STAROSTA, ROMAN, GRAŻYNA SYPNIEWSKA–KAMIŃSKA, and JAN AWREJCEWICZ. "PARAMETRIC AND EXTERNAL RESONANCES IN KINEMATICALLY AND EXTERNALLY EXCITED NONLINEAR SPRING PENDULUM." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 10 (2011): 3013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411030313.

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A weakly nonlinear 2-DOF system, parametrically and externally excited, is studied. An intensive energy transfer between modes of vibrations is discovered. Multiple scales method is used for recognizing resonances occurring in the system. The amplitude response functions for some chosen cases of resonances are obtained and studied. Many of the engineering systems can be investigated in the presented way.

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41

Biscione, Valerio, Giancarlo Petrosino, and Domenico Parisi. "External stores." Interaction Studies 16, no. 1 (2015): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.16.1.06bis.

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Human beings possess external stores in which they put all sorts of goods to use them at some later time. In this paper we investigate this typically human adaptation using agent-based simulations. We show that the use of external stores explains many aspects of human life, allowing the agents to reduce their dependence on both the environment and the current state of their body and to be more efficient in extracting the energy contained in the environment. We analyse the spatial behaviour of agents with external stores located in specific positions of the environment and we find that these ag

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42

Siraj, Uzma, and Manzoor Khan Afridi. "Energy Security of a Rentier State:." Central Asia 85, Winter (2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-85.9.

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As modern world run on oil, the unprecedented rise in oil consumption during last century has generated daunting energy security challenges for the oil producing states. It is simultaneously important for energy import dependent nations and exporting nations. However, exporting nations face some captious challenges. In former Soviet Republics, Kazakhstan is one of the richest oil producing state whose over reliance on rent generated by oil exports presents daunting energy security challenges for the states at internal and external levels. On the one hand, Kazakhstan’s economic development owes

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43

Tian, Yu Ze, and Yang Yu. "Analysis of Anshan Existing Residential Building Exterior Wall Energy Saving Reconstruction." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1565.

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This paper introduces the present situation of existing residential building energy saving reconstruction of Anshan area, the result of the analysis is that the renovation of retaining structure is the key of the reconstruction of existing residential buildings of Anshan. Exterior wall area ratio of the total area of the building envelope accounts for quite large, so transformation of exterior wall is the key. Energy saving wall approach divided into external wall insulation and exterior insulation. Analysis of energy-saving measures by the external wall insulation, and the external wall of a

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44

Kim, Dae-Won, Kwang-Seop Chung, Young-Il Kim, and Sung-Min Kim. "A Study on the Comparison of Simulation for Heat Loss According to the Installation of Windows for Openings in External Wall of One Side Corridor Type Apartments." Journal of Energy Engineering 22, no. 1 (2013): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2013.22.1.051.

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45

Čuláková, Monika, Silvia Vilčeková, Eva Kridlova-Burdova, and Jana Katunská. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Material Compositions of External Walls." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.485.

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Intensity of building development increases by growing population and their requirements on living. Buildings belong to the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters. Current energy strategy of European Union is focused especially on reduction of operational energy of buildings. Although operational energy participates the highest proportion in total energy consumption over whole life cycle of building, it is important to take into account embodied energy. Values of embodied energy and associated emissions grow by improving energy quality of building envelope by using extra compon

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46

Willems, P. A., G. A. Cavagna, and N. C. Heglund. "External, internal and total work in human locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 2 (1995): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.2.379.

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The muscle-tendon work performed during locomotion can, in principle, be measured from the mechanical energy of the centre of mass of the whole body and the kinetic energy due to the movements of the body segments relative to the centre of mass of the body. Problems arise when calculating the muscle-tendon work from increases in mechanical energy, largely in correctly attributing these increases either to energy transfer or to muscle-tendon work. In this study, the kinetic and gravitational potential energy of the centre of mass of the whole human body was measured (using a force platform) sim

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47

Liang, Qing, Jian Fei Liu, Jing Liu, and Gang Xu. "Effect of External Wall Insulation on Building Energy Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.156.

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The building energy consumption associated with the external wall insulation for different orientations and different exterior finishes has been evaluated using the simulation software EnergyPlus. The results suggest that in certain condition the thermal resistance of the external wall and the absorptance of the exterior finish should be high for heating dominated climate or room, while both of them should be low for cooling dominated climate or room for saving energy. Besides, it has different annual electricity savings for different external wall orientations at the same thickness of thermal

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48

Vilbig, Ryan L., Abhijit Sarkar, Joseph Zischkau, Mark A. Knepper, and Trairak Pisitkun. "An online tool for calculation of free-energy balance for the renal inner medulla." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 303, no. 3 (2012): F366—F372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00147.2012.

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Concentrating models of the renal inner medulla can be classified according to external free-energy balance into passive models (positive values) and models that require an external energy source (negative values). Here we introduce an online computational tool that implements the equations of Stephenson and colleagues (Stephenson JL, Tewarson RP, Mejia R. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 1618–1622, 1974) to calculate external free-energy balance at steady state for the inner medulla ( http://helixweb.nih.gov/ESBL/FreeEnergy ). Here “external free-energy balance” means the sum of free-energy flows i

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49

Putrawan Cusmanri, Fery. "Analisa Bahaya Eksternal Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Bertapak Air." Jurnal Pengawasan Tenaga Nuklir 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/jupeten.v4i1.001.

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Based on recent studies, Water-Based Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) include onshore and offshore floating NPPs, gravity-based structure NPPs, and underwater NPPs. These NPPs are increasingly considered for their benefits, such as the floating NPPs ability to distribute energy to remote areas, offshore sites, and construction activities. Regarding safety, external hazards must be considered during the design phase as stated in the Head of Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency Regulation Number 3 Year 2011 and Specific Safety Requirements-2/1 (Rev 1). The external hazards of Water- Based NPPs should dif

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50

Kozyaruk, A. E., A. A. Khitrov, and A. I. Khitrov. "An energy-efficient autonomous energy supply system based on an external combustion engine." Russian Electrical Engineering 87, no. 3 (2016): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371216030056.

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