Relevant bibliographies by topics / External exposures

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'External exposures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "External exposures"

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Jacob, Peter, Yeter Göksu, Reinhard Meckbach, and Albrecht Wieser. "Retrospective dosimetry for external exposures." International Congress Series 1225 (February 2002): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00541-6.

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Turner, Michelle C., Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Kim Anderson, et al. "Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations." Annual Review of Public Health 38, no. 1 (2017): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802.

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The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information
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M.C., Turner, Nieuwenhuijsen M., Anderson K., et al. "Assessing the Exposome with External Measures: Commentary on the State of the Science and Research Recommendations." Annual Review of Public Health 38 (March 20, 2017): 215–39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082516-012802.

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The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information
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Raicevic, Jagos, Milan Merkle, Joachim Enrhard, and Marko Ninkovic. "Years of life lost due to external radiation exposure." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 2 (2004): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0402040r.

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In this paper a new approach for calculation of the years of life lost per excess death due to stochastic health effects is applied to external exposure pathways. The short-term external exposures are due to the passage of radioactive cloud and due to the skin and clothes contamination. The long-term external exposure is the one from the radioactive material deposited on the ground (groundshine). Three nuclides, 131I, 137Cs, and 239Pu, and with the extremely wide range of half-life are considered in order to examine their possible influence on the calculated values of years of life lost. For e
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López-Cervantes, Juan Pablo, Marianne Lønnebotn, Nils Oskar Jogi, et al. "The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312684.

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Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult
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Prilepskiy, I. V. "Impact of external currency exposures on macroeconomic policies." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-8-23-40.

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Based on cross-country panel regressions, the paper analyzes the impact of external currency exposures on monetary policy, exchange rate regime and capital controls. It is determined that positive net external position (which, e.g., is the case for Russia) is associated with a higher degree of monetary policy autonomy, i.e. the national key interest rate is less responsive to Fed/ECB policy and exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, the risks of cross-country synchronization of financial cycles are reduced, while central banks are able to place a larger emphasis on their price stability mandat
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Petoussi-Henss, Nina, Daiki Satoh, Helmut Schlattl, Maria Zankl, and Vladimir Spielmann. "Organ doses of the fetus from external environmental exposures." Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 60, no. 1 (2021): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00411-020-00891-6.

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AbstractThis article presents nuclide-specific organ dose rate coefficients for environmental external exposures due to soil contamination assumed as a planar source at a depth of 0.5 g cm−2 in the soil and submersion to contaminated air, for a pregnant female and its fetus at the 24th week of gestation. Furthermore, air kerma free-in-air coefficient rates are listed. The coefficients relate the organ equivalent dose rates (Sv s−1) to the activity concentration of environmental sources, in Bq m−2 or Bq m−3, allowing to time-integrate over a particular exposure period. The environmental radiati
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Fournier, Lucie, Enora Cléro, Eric Samson, Sylvaine Caër-Lorho, Dominique Laurier, and Klervi Leuraud. "Impact of considering non-occupational radiation exposure on the association between occupational dose and solid cancer among French nuclear workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 3 (2017): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104341.

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ObjectivesThe French nuclear worker cohort allows for the assessment of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure, but workers are also exposed to medical and environmental radiation which can be of the same order of magnitude. This study aims to examine the impact of non-occupational radiation exposures on the dose-risk analysis between occupational radiation exposure and cancer mortality.MethodsThe cohort included workers employed before 1995 for at least one year by CEA, AREVA NC or EDF and badge-monitored for external radiation exposure. Monitoring results were used to ca
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Clapp, Richard W., and David Ozonoff. "Environment and Health: Vital Intersection or Contested Territory?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 30, no. 2-3 (2004): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880403000204.

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The effects of environmental exposure, broadly defined as any exposure from outside the body, on human health are unquestionably the most important determinants of public health. While important genetic determinants of disease exert their effects irrespective of exposure from outside the body, these do not contribute as much to the overall public health burden of disease as factors such as tobacco smoke, poor quality water, inadequate or contaminated food, occupational exposures to dusts and chemicals, motor vehicle accidents, interpersonal violence, air pollution, and other factors external t
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Maqsood, Hira. "Disparity in Populace Phenotype Impels Predisposition to Variations in Health Status." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 11, no. 3 (2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v11i3.602.

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Background: The disparity in populace phenotype, embracing stature and pigmentation, drives of internal physiological constituent and adaptation to the external environment, impel variations in populace health status. The study tends to explore how significantly populaces phenotype influenced by internal or external exposures, and how effectually it prognosticates predisposition to variant health states. Methods: Ecological study encompassing twenty states residing on antipodes (North and South) endures distinct exposures, exhibit disparate phenotypes, execute different health status. Each Sta
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "External exposures"

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Finklea, Lauren. "Room radiation dose coefficients for external exposure." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53943.

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In instances where a building room is radiologically contaminated, dose rate coefficients are needed to estimate the dose rate to the occupants. One’s position in the room, whether in the center of the room or the corner, could have an effect on dose rate. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published in Federal Guidance Report 12 (EPA 1993) dose rate coefficients for idealized exposure geometries, including exposure to radionuclides distributed infinitely in various thicknesses of soil. The dimensions of the exposure plane were taken to be infinite in extent. Due to this assumption, u
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Aramrun, P. "Measuring terrestrial wildlife external radiation exposure under field conditions." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47703/.

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This thesis presents the results of a 3-year project to develop methods for measuring external radiation exposure of free-ranging terrestrial animals under field conditions. An evaluation of available passive dosimeter technologies was undertaken and guidance developed on the selection of dosimeters for different sizes of terrestrial animals. To test dosimeters under field conditions, a field study using reindeer in an area of Norway with elevated <sup>137</sup>Cs was initiated. The dosimeter selection guidance was used to identify four passive dosimeters (i.e. TLD, OSLD, RPLD and DIS), which
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Diryak, Ramadan. "Design of rheological measurements for rapidly gelling polysaccharides on exposure to external cross-linkers." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34574/.

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This research project focused on a range of gel forming polysaccharides, including sodium alginate pectin and gellan gum. All of these materials have ability to form a gel responding to different stimuli, such as pH and crosslinking ions. Their capability to undergo sol-gel transition in presence of mono or divalent cations can often occur in seconds making it particularly difficult to measure the gelation in real time. Therefore, the aim of the work presented in this thesis was to design a new technique that allows commercially available rheological equipment to monitor the gelation progress
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Nunes, Maíra Goes. "Desenvolvimento do dosímetro termoluminescente de CaSO4:Ce, Eu para a monitoração individual e a dosimetria clínica de fótons e elétrons." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-09122013-140708/.

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Detectores de sulfato de cálcio ativado com cério IV e európio III utilizando o politetrafluoretileno (PTFE, Teflon®) free-flow como aglutinante (CaSO4:Ce,Eu + Teflon®) foram produzidos pelo método da estampagem, desenvolvido em colaboração com a empresa Tecnoflon, a partir de cristais crescidos de acordo com uma nova variação da rota da evaporação lenta, também apresentada nesse trabalho, com as concentrações de 0,16 mol% de Eu3+ e de 0,15 mol% de Ce4+ na solução ácida precursora. O modelo de dosímetro pessoal desenvolvido consiste em cinco detectores aderidos a um cartão de 30 x 48 mm de clo
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Grainger, Peter. "Personal exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields from sources in the home and external environment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341538.

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Metz-Flamant, Camille. "Effets sanitaires des faibles doses a faibles debits de dose : modélisation de la relation dose-réponse dans une cohorte de travailleurs du nucléaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T047/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’estimation des risques radio-induits aux faibles débits de dose. Ce travail s’appuie sur la cohorte des travailleurs du nucléaire CEA-AREVA NC après prolongation du suivi jusqu’en 2004. Une revue études épidémiologiques chez les travailleurs du nucléaire a été réalisée durant la première année de thèse. Une quantification de la relation dose réponse a été effectuée pour le risque de pathologies cancéreuses et non cancéreuses par différentes méthodes statistiques. Les facteurs modifiants la relation dose-réponse pour le risque de leucémie associé
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Dahlström, Carl, and Emma Giesen. "Mould resistance design for external wood frame wall systems : Simulation and evaluation of wall structures under varying conditions of exposure using the MRD model." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169744.

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Moisture induced damages to building envelopes can result in microbial growth possibly affecting the health and wellbeing of occupants. Recent failing structures and damaged buildings indicate a lack of tools to estimate risk of mould growth and moisture damage. In this work a so-called mould resistance design (MRD) model has been applied for mapping the risk for mould growth on a number of wood-containing wall structures. The MRD model introduces an engineering approach to moisture safety design in a similar way as for structural design, where load and resistance is compared. The MRD model in
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Waldenström, Kerstin. "Externally assessed psychosocial work characteristics : a methodological approach to explore how work characteristics are created, related to self-reports and to mental illness /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-250-7/.

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Teng, Hao Min, and 鄧浩閔. "Domestic investment in Taiwan manufacturing, exchange rates and external exposure." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70458494539115128446.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>經濟學系<br>99<br>It’s been controversial for Taiwan’s underestimating exchange rates policy to subsidy exports. The main reasons are as follows: As a small highly open economy, Taiwan’s export accounts for a big portion of economic development. It’s crucial to set up an underestimated exchange rates to sustain economic growth. However, besides the high-level foreign exchange we might pay for the move, the transition of Taiwan’s industries and the soaring material prices these years also gave us a prospect that this policy might not work as expected. In this research, we try to co
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Chen, Hung-Jie, and 陳鴻杰. "The exploration of long-term profiles of external exposure and biomarkers among N,N-dimethylformamide-exposed workers." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60745395294678334979.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境醫學研究所<br>96<br>In most occupational exposure settings, the variation of the workers exposure to chemicals usually affected by job title, quantity of output, the use of ventilation system,and respirator wearing. It may bias the relationship between the exposure and health outcomes in occupational epidemiology studies. In the past, most N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) researches applied short-term measurements (one-day or one-week) to represent the exposure levels and to assess the association between biomarker and health outcomes for DMF exposed workers . However, the exposure pro
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Books on the topic "External exposures"

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Krayenbuehl, Thomas E. Cross-border exposures and country risk: Assessment and monitoring. Woodhead Pub., 2001.

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R, Kramer, ed. The Calculation of dose from external photon exposures using reference human phantoms and Monte Carlo methods. Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung, 1986.

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Antoni, Rodolphe, and Laurent Bourgois. Applied Physics of External Radiation Exposure. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48660-4.

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Campa, José. Investment in manufacturing, exchange-rates and external exposure. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. U.S. bank exposure in the "Baker Plan" fifteen countries. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 1987.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. U.S. bank exposure in the "Baker Plan" fifteen countries. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 1987.

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Ozler, Sule. Bank exposure, capital and secondary market discounts on developing country debt. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk and Benefits Group. Health risk and exposure assessment for ozone: Second external review draft. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air And Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division, Risk and Benefits Group, 2014.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk and Benefits Group. Welfare risk and exposure assessment for ozone: Second external review draft. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division, Risk and Benefits Group, 2014.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk and Benefits Group. Welfare risk and exposure assessment for ozone: Second external review draft, executive summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division, Risk and Benefits Group, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "External exposures"

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Bakshi, A. K., Rupali Pal, Deepa Sathian, and Sandipan Dawn. "Monitoring of External Neutron Exposures." In Handbook on Radiation Environment, Volume 2. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2799-5_7.

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Pradhan, S. M., Munir S. Pathan, and T. Palani Selvam. "Monitoring of External Gamma and Beta Exposures." In Handbook on Radiation Environment, Volume 2. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2799-5_6.

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Cui, Yuxia, and David Balshaw. "From the Outside In: Integrating External Exposures into the Exposome Concept." In Unraveling the Exposome. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89321-1_10.

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Collamati, Francesco, Riccardo Faccini, Carlo Mancini-Terracciano, and Elena Solfaroli Camillocci. "Ionizing Radiation Exposure." In Hexapod External Fixator Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40667-7_14.

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Naeger, David M. "Diseases of the Pleura and Chest Wall." In IDKD Springer Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83872-9_4.

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Abstract The pleura is comprised of a visceral and parietal layer. The potential space between the two is normally filled with a small amount of physiologic fluid. The visceral pleura invaginates to form fissures, and collectively the pleura allows the lobes of the lungs to move relative to each other and the chest wall during respiration. In diseased states, this potential space can fill with abnormal amounts, or atypical types, of fluid. The pleura can become thickened, often in response to infection, inflammation, or exposures. Tumors can also arise from the pleura. Malignant pleural mesoth
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Wain, Jordan. "External Radiological Exposure." In Ionising Radiation Protection. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65525-8_6.

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Friedrich, Rainer, and Peter Bickel. "Health Effects: Exposure-Response Functions." In Environmental External Costs of Transport. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04329-5_5.

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Antoni, Rodolphe, and Laurent Bourgois. "Source Evaluation of the External Exposure." In Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48660-4_4.

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Henderson, R. W., and R. F. Smale. "External Exposure Estimates for Individuals Near the Nevada Test Site." In Nuclear Physical Methods in Radioecological Investigations of Nuclear Test Sites. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4116-1_17.

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Roeder, Stefan W., Matthias Richter, and Olf Herbarth. "Application of mnSOM on Linking External Exposure to Internal Load." In Advances in Neuro-Information Processing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03040-6_100.

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Conference papers on the topic "External exposures"

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Trivailo, Pavel M., and Hirohisa Kojima. "Control of External Directional Exposures of Various Surface Locations on the Tumbling Spacecraft using "Inertial Morphing"." In IAF Astrodynamics Symposium, Held at the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2024). International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52202/078368-0010.

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Mitschke, Howard R., and Paul R. Nichols. "Testing of External Pipeline Coatings for High Temperature Service." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06040.

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Abstract Standard test methods for evaluating the performance of external pipe coatings have been used for many years. Although there may be variations in the test parameters, the same basic tests have been used. For high temperature service, the effects of the test parameters are generally approximated by increasing the test temperature. What is missing in this testing regimen, is long-term ageing in hot-wet or hot-dry conditions to determine the integrity of the coating system. In this study, high temperature Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) and three-layer polypropylene coatings (3LPP) were evalua
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Wright, I. G., B. A. Pint, Y. Zhang, et al. "Preliminary High-Temperature Oxidation Data in Steam-CO2 in Support of the Zest Process." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04531.

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Abstract Preliminary corrosion measurements have been made on high-temperature alloys exposed in a steam-10% CO2 mixture intended to simulate the environment produced in a novel combustion process. Exposures were made up to 1000h at 900°C, and 740h at 1135°C at a pressure of 2 MPa. Data were also collected from exposures in ambient pressure air at 900°C to provide a basis for comparison. Representative wrought, high-temperature alloys produced the expected protective external scales in the steam-CO2 mixture, but also suffered internal penetration, the importance of which increased with tempera
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Cooper, K. R., R. G. Kelly, and E. L. Colvin. "The Correlation between Crack Chemistry and Crack Growth Behavior of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys: A Comparison of Field and Laboratory Tests." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99153.

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Abstract The crack growth kinetics and solution chemistry developed within environment-assisted cracks (EAC) grown in laboratory tests and long-term field exposures of high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were assessed. For both test programs, peak-aged (T651) material exhibited crack growth kinetics 103 to 104 times that of overaged (T7X51). Laboratory crack growth studies in aqueous CrO42-/Cl- environments demonstrated the characteristic enhanced resistance of overaged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys to intergranular EAC crack propagation relative to peak-aged tempers. The laboratory environment is suitable
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Jenkins, C. F., and P. J. Breidenbach. "Waste Handling – A Study of Tributyl Phosphate Compatibility with Nonmetallic Materials." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89245.

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Abstract The need for numerous seals, plastic tubing, instrument components, and miles of plastic pipe for transferring process waste streams containing tributyl phosphate (TBP) and petroleum solvents led to an investigation of compatibility. TBP is a solvent for many plastics and elastomers and causes softening, crazing, or cracking of most nonmetallics tested. In this regard it may be considered an external plasticizer for some polymers. TBP also is a surfactant in aqueous solution. Dimension changes and property changes associated with softening will preclude the use of some materials as ga
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Lau, Kingsley, Samanbar Permeh, Sepehr Faridmarandi, Mansoureh Ghahfarokhi, and Atorod Azizinamini. "Carbonation-Induced Corrosion Assessment for Reinforced Concrete Structures." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-21169.

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Abstract Rebar corrosion induced by carbonation of concrete can occur in structures in both wet and dry exposures. This corrosion can become increasingly relevant in buildings as housing structures age and concrete carbonation occurs. The corrosion risk can vary depending on inter-related factors that include design, materials, and environmental exposure. The risk of corrosion furthermore can be assessed by the corrosion initiation and propagation phases. In this work two sets of testing were performed, including large scale concrete column testing to assess the corrosion behavior of steel sub
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Thomas, B. J. C., M. Al Kindi, and A. S. Braiki. "Non Producing Environments Leading to Downhole CRA Completion Failures." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20620.

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Abstract Materials selection for any oil and gas equipment, but specifically in wells, tend to focus on the nature and characteristic of the producing environments, or injected fluids if dealing with an injector well. They benefit from greater appreciation on the uncertainty range, in terms of volumes, pressure, temperature and concentration of corrodents since it forms the basis of the business case to drill a new well. There is no robust industry-wide materials selection standards, besides that of the sour limitation of ISO 15156, and Operators are therefore relying on their internal standar
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Rakowski, J. M., and C. P. Stinner. "Nickel-Base Alloys for Heat Exchangers." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06470.

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Abstract High temperature heat exchangers require the use of oxidation and creep-resistant alloys. Austenitic stainless steels are often specified for reasons of cost, availability, and ease of fabrication. Water vapor, present in the exhaust gas as a by-product of combustion, has been shown to be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of common stainless steels. Increasing the amount of chromium and nickel in heat-resistant alloys appears to alleviate the risk of breakaway oxidation in air containing water vapor. This paper gives results and analysis from extended high-t
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Toshima, Y., Y. Ikeno, Y. Fujiwara, and Y. Nakao. "Long-Term Exposure Test for External Stress Corrosion Cracking on Austenitic Stainless Steels in Coastal Areas." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00456.

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Abstract External Stress Corrosion Cracking (ESCC) due to chlorides sometimes occurs in austenitic stainless steel equipment or piping that is not thermally insulated and located near a seashore. To investigate such behavior, a 15-year exposure test of austenitic stainless steels was performed at two sites in Japan. Stainless steels coated with various coating systems were also tested. Intergranular SCC was observed only in the fillet welds of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel. Transgranular SCC initiated from crevices was observed in solution-treated Types 304/304L and sensitized Type 304L
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Werner, Daniel P., Thomas J. Barlo, and Keith E. W. Coulson. "Shielding Effects of Concrete and Urethane Foam External Pipeline Barrier Coatings." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91540.

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Abstract Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines are protected by the application of a good anti-corrosion coating and cathodic protection. To protect the coating from damage an impact-resistant barrier-coating is applied over the anti—corrosion coating when the use of traditional sand backfill is not feasible. However, concerns were raised that these barrier materials could shield the pipeline from cathodic protection currents. As a result, a laboratory program was initiated to determine which types of barrier materials posed a problem from the standpoint of cathodic protection current shielding.
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Reports on the topic "External exposures"

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Cavallo, Eduardo A., and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. Research Insights: External Crisis Vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean: Is the Glass Half-Empty or Half-Full? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005074.

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Quantifying risk tradeoffs between different external balance sheet exposures, macroeconomic fundamentals, and global shocks is key to gauging the risk of external crises. This study highlights the need for the countries in the region to carefully manage their external portfolios and buffers. Despite progress, there is ample room for Latin America and the Caribbean to reduce their external crisis vulnerability through strategic risk management policies.
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Jenkins, J. Lee, Edbert B. Hsu, Anna Russell, Allen Zhang, Lisa M. Wilson, and Eric B. Bass. Infection Prevention and Control for the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb42.

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Objectives. To summarize current evidence on exposures to infectious pathogens in the emergency medical services (EMS) and 911 workforce, and on practices for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases and related exposures in that workforce. Review methods. We obtained advice on how to answer four Guiding Questions by recruiting a panel of external experts on EMS clinicians, State-level EMS leadership, and programs relevant to EMS personnel, and by engaging representatives of professional societies in infectious diseases and emergency medicine. We sea
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Jannik, Tim. UPDATED EXTERNAL EXPOSURE DOSE COEFFICIENTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632841.

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Campa, Jose, and Linda Goldberg. Investment in Manufacturing, Exchange-Rates and External Exposure. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4378.

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Dillon, Michael. Regional Shelter Analysis – External Gamma Radiation Exposure Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825367.

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Anspaugh, L. R., and B. W. Church. Historical estimates of external gamma exposure and collective external gamma exposure from testing at the Nevada Test Site. I. Test series through HARDTACK II, 1958. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6386454.

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Cavallo, Eduardo A., and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. External Crisis Vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005010.

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This paper assesses the vulnerability of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) economies to external crises. It shows that while the average LAC economy has made significant strides to reduce vulnerability to crises to its historical minimum, there is still considerable room for improvement, compared to both advanced and non-advanced economies. When compared to other non-advanced economies, the average LAC economy displays a higher level of vulnerability, mainly due to slower improvements in portfolio composition and less accumulation of international reserves since 2000. Advanced economies have
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Ashley, J. C., J. S. Bogard, K. S. Brown, C. A. England, R. N. Hamm, and J. E. Turner. Correlation of External Exposure and Dose Equivalent Rates with Uranium Surface Contamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7902.

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Dillon, Michael B., Jave Kane, John Nasstrom, Steve Homann, and Brenda Pobanz. Summary of Building Protection Factor Studies for External Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1256433.

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Davis, Adam C., Olga N. Belooussova, and Lucas Duane Hetrick. Final Radiological Assessment of External Exposure for CLEAR-Line Americium Recovery Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164026.

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