Journal articles: 'External thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS)'

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Sudoł, Ewa, Dawid Dębski, Renata Zamorowska, and Barbara Francke. "Impact resistance of external thermal insulation systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816308004.

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In the paper the results of an experimental program intended to determine factors influencing the impact resistance of the External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) were presented. For the research the systems based on polystyrene have been chosen. The insulation material was faced with a rendering consisting of base coat reinforced with standard or armored glass fibre mesh and silicone or silicone-silicate binders as finishing coats. The influence of various renderings components was evaluated with respect to resistance to hard body impact and resistance to hail. The test results were discussed in the context of the possible impact level on ETICS in use.

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Barreira, E., João M. P. Q. Delgado, N. M. M. Ramos, and V. P. de Freitas. "Drying Kinetics of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS)." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.662.

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Moisture is one of the most deteriorating factors of buildings. The moisture content depends on hygroscopic equilibrium between buildings materials and environment, which is determined by the drying and wetting rate of masonry. So, the moisture content is not only determined by the water that is absorbed by the material, but also by the amount of water that is evaporated under favourable conditions, which is described by the drying process. In this work we analyse the drying kinetics of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) using a first-order and a second-order drying kinetic models to describe mass transfer phenomenon. The results show that the second-order kinetic models described well the drying process studied. The application of kinetics models to the experimental results was explored and several parameters were retrieved. A proposal for the use of these parameters is presented and its practical use is discussed.

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Heller, Niklas, and Sabine Flamme. "Waste management of deconstructed External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems with expanded polystyrene in the future." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20904413.

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External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS), mainly comprised of expanded polystyrene (EPS) as the insulating material, have been used to insulate facades of buildings for the past few decades. In Europe, waste from ETICS deconstruction is currently disposed of in waste incineration facilities or landfills. Although the current quantities of ETICS waste are small, disposal of the increasing quantities of waste is posing a problem in some countries. New recycling strategies, such as the physico-chemical recycling of EPS or reutilisation of material and energy of all ETICS components in cement plants, offer the possibility of a circular economy for ETICS waste in the future. However, this would require a waste management chain from the construction site to the utilisation plant with appropriate waste treatment. To assess this concept further, this study documented dismantling efforts at different construction sites and conducted large-scale trials for ETICS waste treatment. The results of this study will allow the selection of suitable processing units and will be applied in a model developed by the IWARU Institute to determine economically and ecologically advantageous waste management routes that can be used to handle ETICS waste in the future.

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Norvaisiene, Rosita, Paweł Krause, Vincent Buhagiar, Arūnas Burlingis, and Kestutis Miskinis. "Verification of External Thermal Insulation Systems with Composite Thermal Insulation and Different Renders in Effect of Hydrothermal Stress." Proceedings 51, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020051016.

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This paper is the research output of the laboratory ageing of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS). This was carried out in order to study the changes in properties of systems consisting of combustible and non-combustible thermal insulation materials, and four different types of finishing renders. Four types of the widely used, thin-layer facade rendering systems were subjected to hydrothermal cycles in a climate chamber in conformity with ETAG 004 guidelines. Analysis of the physical and mechanical properties (i.e., variation of temperature, water absorption, bond strength and mechanical resistance) of four types of ETICS are presented. This study indicates that there are no visible defects on any renderings over the junctions between polystyrene foam (EPS) and mineral wool (MW) materials when applied in ETICS.

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Francke, Barbara, and Renata Zamorowska. "Resistance of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems with Rendering (ETICS) to Hail." Materials 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112452.

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This paper analyzes the resistance to hail of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), i.e., external thermal insulation of foamed polystyrene with the same finishing coat and various reinforcing mesh and base coats used to make the reinforced layer. The manuscript presents our own new method for assessing ETICS resistance to hail and test results obtained according to this method. The basic premise of the presented new research methodology is evaluation of the thermal insulation system surface damage and fracture toughness, in the function of hit velocity with a polyamide ball with a standardized diameter and weight. The results of hail resistance tests were compared with the values of hard body impact resistance obtained in the tests done according to ETAG 004. Results obtained by the new method help to evaluate precisely the resistance of thermal insulation sets to damage as a result of impact of heavy objects of permanent shape, with greater accuracy than the hard body impact test. They also confirmed that thermal insulation sets with dispersion adhesive in the reinforcement demonstrate greater resistance to damage as a result of hail impact than the sets with cement-based adhesives and that weight of the reinforcing mesh used in the system is not significant to affect the hail resistance.

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Barreira, Eva, and Vasco P. de Freitas. "External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems: Critical Parameters for Surface Hygrothermal Behaviour." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650752.

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External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) are often used in Europe. Despite its thermal advantages, low cost, and ease of application, this system has serious problems of biological growth causing the cladding defacement. Recent studies pointed that biological growth is due to high values of surface moisture content, which mostly results from the combined effect of exterior surface condensation, wind-driven rain, and drying process. Based on numerical simulation, this paper points the most critical parameters involved in hygrothermal behaviour of ETICS, considering the influence of thermal and hygric properties of the external rendering, the effect of the characteristics of the façade, and the consequences of the exterior and interior climate on exterior surface condensation, wind-driven rain, and drying process. The model used was previously validated by comparison with the results of an “in situ” campaign. The results of the sensitivity analyses show that relative humidity and temperature of the exterior air, atmospheric radiation, and emissivity of the exterior rendering are the parameters that most influence exterior surface condensation. Wind-driven rain depends mostly on horizontal rain, building’s height, wind velocity, and orientation. The drying capacity is influenced by short-wave absorbance, incident solar radiation, and orientation.

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Norvaišienė, Rosita, Vincent Buhagiar, Arūnas Burlingis, and Kęstutis Miškinis. "Investigation of mechanical resistance of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS)." Journal of Building Engineering 32 (November 2020): 101682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101682.

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Michałowski, Bartosz, Marta Marcinek, Justyna Tomaszewska, Sebastian Czernik, Michał Piasecki, Robert Geryło, and Jacek Michalak. "Influence of Rendering Type on the Environmental Characteristics of Expanded Polystyrene-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System." Buildings 10, no. 3 (March 7, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030047.

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External thermal insulation systems (ETICS) are relevant facade applications of functional components allowing to reduce energy consumption in buildings to fulfill the provisions of nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEBs). ETICS systems generally are made of adhesives, thermal insulation material, renders with mesh reinforcement, primers, and finish coats. Their main parameters are thermal characteristics and durability, both determined by the specific composition of the systems. Growing concerns on the environment and depletion of natural resources drive the need for the determination of the environmental characteristic of ETICS due to its growing market demand. This analysis focuses on a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a commonly used EPS based ETICS system with four different renderings, produced in several locations. The scope of this study concerns raw materials extraction, transport, production, and energy provision up to the finished, packed, and ready-for-sale product at the factory gate. The authors compared the environmental impact allocated to the 1 m2 of the produced system by taking into account the thickness of EPS and within different environmental impact categories. The results of the current impacts were compared to those obtained five years earlier, considering the technological and environmental progress of the production process.

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Rezai, Sara Hadji, Francis Allard, Charlotte Abelé, and Maxime Doya. "Evaluating External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) Regarding the Building's Global Performance." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 1562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.208.

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Xu, Lei, Xu Dong Cheng, Chang Cheng Liu, Ya Nan Hou, and Hui Yang. "Experimental Study on Fire Characteristics of Building External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems Based on Polystyrene Foam." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.221.

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The objective was to gain the fire characteristics of the External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS), which is widely used in China. A series of large-scale fire experiments were conducted under ISO 9705 room test on the ETICS with its core of polystyrene (PS) foam and its outer layer of plastering mortar. The various thicknesses (3 mm and 5 mm) of the outer layer were considered. Under the fire source impact and the melting behavior of PS foam, the flame evolution of ETICS could form a flowing fire and cavity fire, which was obviously different from that of thermal insulation panel itself, but similar to the sandwich panels. A detailed analysis was performed to quantify some major parameters, such as the heat release rate (HRR) and temperature distribution. The results indicated that the peak of HRR could be reduced 11.34% and put off 94 seconds by the thicker outer layer (5 mm); similarly the peak of HRR could be reduced 22% and put off 190 seconds by the flame-retardant treated.

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Belániová, Barbora, and Naďa Antošová. "Technology of Double Thermal Insulation for the Repair and Energy Optimization of Existing Thermal Insulation Composite Systems." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2017-0010.

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Abstract The theme of improvement thermal proprieties of external cladding according to the New EU Directive is still a hot topic, which needs to be answered necessarily till December 2020. Maintenance and repair of existing ETICS became to also an actual open theme in search solutions for existing constructions. The aim of the research in this review is to analyze influence of layers the alternative thermal materials in technology “double thermal insulation”. Humidity and temperature conditions will be further examined in connection with the development and colonization of microorganisms on surface construction.

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Michalak, Jacek, Sebastian Czernik, Marta Marcinek, and Bartosz Michałowski. "Environmental burdens of External Thermal Insulation Systems. Expanded Polystyrene vs. Mineral Wool: Case Study from Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114532.

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The external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) improves the energy efficiency of buildings, and nowadays, this method is the most popular to insulate buildings in many European Union (EU) countries. The article presents the impact of producing ETICS with expanded polystyrene (EPS) or mineral wool (MW) on the natural environment using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The data used in the calculations, related to 2017 real production, were obtained from the externally verified inventory from five manufacturing plants located in different regions of Poland. The LCA of the examined products covered modules from A1 to A3 (cradle-to-gate), according to EN 15804 standard. The study determines and analyses the values of basic indicators related to environmental impacts and environmental aspects of resource use. It comprises indicators calculated for 1 m2 ETICS for five thicknesses of the mentioned thermal insulation materials. Results show that for all environmental indicators, MW systems are characterized by a more negative environmental impact than the equivalent systems with EPS. The study aims to highlight knowledge about ETICS sustainability. The data presented in work are essential for assessment in terms of the sustainable development of ETICS. Such an evaluation is not just a need for the future but a necessity for the present.

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Barreira, Eva, and Vasco P. de Freitas. "Experimental study of the hygrothermal behaviour of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS)." Building and Environment 63 (May 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.02.001.

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Minarovičová, Katarína, and Naďa Antošová. "Sustainability of ETICS Maintenance Technologies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.194.

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A strategy for the recovery of the building stock in Slovakia imposes obligations and proposals to provide additional investment for renovation with a view to 2020, aiming at further reduction of energy consumption of buildings and reducing the consumption of natural fuel resources. Maintenance of existing External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) remains without system solutions, using chemical methods for disposal of microorganisms. Environmental impacts at a price of current sociological needs are not known and detected. Principles of sustainability must be regarded as the starting point when applying the concept of ETICS maintenance.

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Ryparová, Pavla, and Lukáš Balík. "Methodology for Determination of the Requirement of Repair of External Facades of ETICS due to the Occurrence of Microorganisms." Key Engineering Materials 776 (August 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.153.

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The submitted article deals with a relatively new phenomenon, which is monitoring and solution to minimization of microorganisms ́ occurrence on the surface of the External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS). The importance of the solution has been becoming more important both from the point of view of health risk for inhabitants and accelerated degradation of particular layers of the ETICS due to the presence of these microorganisms. The article submits conceptual methodological solution to the reduction of count of microorganisms on the ETICS surface from diagnosis, setting out criteria for the necessity of determination of macrobiotic biodeteriogens to subsequent rehabilitation design.

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Pasek, Jan. "The Influence of Colour Solution of the ETICS Surface on its Thermal Exposition." Advanced Engineering Forum 12 (November 2014): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.12.88.

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The colour solution of the surface of the façade is one of the basic factors for reaching the requested aesthetic and architectonic expression of the building. This target is sometimes reached by using very saturated tones of colours or changing dark and light tones on one façade. Such solution is often risky as one of the characteristics of dark colour tones is high absorption of solar and scattered radiation. Its thermal compound causes warming of the outer layers of the façade proportionally to the surface colour saturation. This consequence is very serious especially for thin-layer plaster of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) immediately exposed to dynamic effect of external environment temperature changes, which can be even increased by inappropriate colour solution of the ETICS surface. This paper focuses on evaluation of the influence of ETICS surface colouring on the thermal load.

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Kvande, Tore, Noralf Bakken, Einar Bergheim, and Jan Thue. "Durability of ETICS with Rendering in Norway—Experimental and Field Investigations." Buildings 8, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8070093.

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External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) with Rendering are widely used in both rehabilitation and new building projects, even in areas with harsh climates such as the western regions of Norway. However, we have seen extensive cases of defects involving such systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Norwegian experiences regarding the durability of ETICS on walls. The presented results are based on building research conducted by SINTEF 61 as well as 30 accelerated climatic laboratory experiments over the last 25 years on similar façade systems. These systems generally perform satisfactorily if thoroughly designed and carefully erected. However, according to the survey, the systems are not very robust. Even minor errors in design techniques and/or craftsmanship can lead to rendering defects. The investigations clearly show that ETICS is particularly vulnerable when exposed to severe driving rain conditions. ETICS provides only a single-stage protection against wind and precipitation and do not dry effectively after being wetted. Hence, the resultant cracks and other rendering weaknesses could be disastrous, enabling moisture to penetrate into the thermal insulation and the wall behind. In areas with heavy driving rain, we recommend façade solutions erected in accordance with the principle of two-stage tightening rather than ETICS.

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Antošová, N., K. Minarovičová, and B. Belániová. "Обработка внешних термоизоляционных композитных систем с биокоррозией в целях охраны окружающей среды." Vestnik MGSU, no. 9 (September 2018): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2018.9.1106-1111.

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Rantuch, Peter, Tomáš Chrebet, and Karol Balog. "Comparison of Optical Smoke Density of Expanded Polystyrene without and with Cover Components Used in ETICS." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1625.

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This paper deals with expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a potential source of smoke. We compared specific optical density of smoke from EPS and EPS strengthened by glass fibre mash and plaster which is used in external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS). There was used testing method by ISO 5659 Plastics Smoke generation Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test. The samples were exposed to a constant 50 kW.m-2 of thermal radiation. There was not used a pilot burner. During flame combustion samples evolved high amount of smoke. Samples from EPS released more smoke like samples with ETICS cover.

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Sudoł, Ewa, and Ewelina Kozikowska. "Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Adhesive Bonds in a Mineral Wool-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System for Timber Frame Buildings." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102527.

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This paper aims to provide a preliminary assessment of polyurethane adhesive applicability as an alternative to conventional cement-based adhesives used to fix thermal insulation materials to substrates concerning mineral wool-based external thermal insulation composite systems. Currently, polyurethane adhesives are only used in expanded polystyrene-based ETICS. This study discusses the suitability of polyurethane adhesive for ETICS with lamella mineral-wool for timber frame buildings. Bond strength, shear strength and shear modulus tests were conducted. In addition, microstructure and apparent density were analysed. Mechanical properties were analysed in terms of the influence of substrate type and thermal and moisture conditions, taking into account solutions typical for sheathing on timber frame (oriented strand boards (OSB), fibre-reinforced gypsum boards (FGB) and cement-bonded particleboards (CPB)), as well as limit conditions for adhesive application. It was found that PU adhesive can achieve adhesion, both to MW and OSB, and FGB and CPB at ≥80 kPa, which is considered satisfactory for PU adhesives for EPS-based ETICS. Favourable shear properties were also obtained. There was no significant effect of sheathing type on the properties considered, but the influence of temperature and relative humidity, in which the bonds were made, was spotted. The results obtained can be considered promising in further assessing the usefulness of PU adhesives for MW-based ETICS.

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Sun, Li Xin, Zeng Feng Yan, and Hui Zhou. "Research on the Simulation of Hygrothermal Distribution of Stone Wool ETICS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.111.

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Stone wool external thermal insulation composite system is used more and more in China now. Former studies in China simply consider that water vapour permeability of render coating should be equal to the water vapour permeability of stone wool. Neither is there any necessary indicator for the liquid water (wind-driven rain) for the system. Therefore, an important issue to be solved currently is how to propose reasonable indicators for water vapour and liquid water transfer performance in stone wool system for different climate zones in China. This research studied on the simulation of hygrothermal distribution of stone wool system. Simulations of stone wool systems were done under different outdoor temperature, humidity, wind driving rain and other conditions to analyze the moisture content in each layer of the system. Meanwhile, simulations of different render coating performances were also done to analyze the moisture content in each layer. Based on these, indicators for water vapour and liquid water were proposed, which provides a foundation for the stone wool external thermal insulation composite system standards in China.

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Olbřímek, Juraj, Dušan Jankovič, Soňa Leitnerová, and Ján Tkáč. "Analysis of Fire ETICS in Bratislava in Slovak Republic." Advanced Materials Research 1057 (October 2014): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1057.180.

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External thermal insulation composite systems (further only “ETICS”) was discovered in Slovak republic about eighteen years of foreign century. The first regulation that adjusted fire proposition was Change No 6 of STN 73 0802 from 1.7.1992, according to national requirement. The first ETAG 004 was valid in Slovak republic since 1.5.2004. This article analyzes fires in period from the years of 01/2010 to 06/2014, as they are written in fire statistics of Firemen Bratislava.

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Tavares, João, Ana Silva, and Jorge de Brito. "Computational models applied to the service life prediction of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS)." Journal of Building Engineering 27 (January 2020): 100944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100944.

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Heim, Dariusz, Ivan Chodak, Simo Ilomets, Dominika Knera, Anna Wieprzkowicz, and Targo Kalamees. "The integration of selected technology to energy activated ETICS - theoretical approach." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 21004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017221004.

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The main goal of this study is to develop the new external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) by integration of flexible photovoltaic (FPV) and encapsulated phase change materials (PCM). This work is the first step of the international project En-ActivETICS and concerns mainly material selection and systems integration issues. The paper presents a complete solution of façade component which integrates thermal insulation, heat storage and electricity generation - En-ActivETICS that combines ETICS technology with a self-supporting flexible photovoltaic elements. This system will be applicable for both masonry or concrete constructions and it is a new step in the development of building facade technology allowing to achieve a component classified to the group of functional material. In the paper, the formulation of basic principles of En-ActivETICS as well as an overview of existing materials and technologies is presented. Finally, the initial concept of the system is described. The main features of that system is using an elastic, high heat capacity and frost resistant adhesive joining flexible PV with thermal insulation.

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Sattler and Österreicher. "Assessment of Sustainable Construction Measures in Building Refurbishment—Life Cycle Comparison of Conventional and Multi-Active Façade Systems in a Social Housing Complex." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 4487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164487.

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Building refurbishment plays a key role in the de-carbonization of the European building stock. Whilst the renewal of the thermal envelope increases energy efficiency during the operational phase, the type of material is highly relevant for the overall environmental impact of the refurbishment. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is most widely used for external thermal insulation systems but is also a material based on fossil resources. Thus, alternatives made from renewable raw materials must be more widely used in order to reach the climate goals. However, comparable data on long-term material effects over the life cycle are needed for developers and planners to make informed decisions. In a Viennese case study for the largest social housing property manager in Europe, two different façade systems have been analyzed to assess the overall environmental impact of the materials. In a comprehensive life cycle assessment, a Multi-Active Façade system based on recycled paper has been compared with a conventional external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) using EPS. It shows that whilst the evaluation during the operational phase alone results in a similar ecological footprint of the ETICS, the analysis over the whole life cycle provides a clear positive indication for the novel Multi-Active Façade.

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Freitas, Sara Stingl de, and Vasco Peixoto de Freitas. "Cracks on ETICS along thermal insulation joints: case study and a pathology catalogue." Structural Survey 34, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-09-2015-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of cracks on external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) along the thermal insulation joints and the information available on the building pathology catalogue – PATORREB. The aim is to establish the methodology to study the cause of the pathology observed on a building which is located on the interior of Portugal based on in situ probing together with the analysis of hygrothermal and mechanical behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – An in situ analysis was performed to assess the causes. The hygrothermal dynamic behaviour of the wall was analysed with a numerical simulation advanced tool considering the climatic conditions, the characteristics of the thermal insulation plates as well as the support and finishing layer properties. Moreover, a qualitatively analysis of the mechanical behaviour, based on the bonding process, thermal insulation and exterior rendering properties was performed. Findings – It was concluded that the insulation properties – thermal expansion coefficient and stiffness, the thermal expansion coefficient of the exterior rendering, together with adverse climatic conditions were critical for the appearance of cracks along the plate joints, particularly with spot bonding. The expansion and retraction stresses and the restrained movements of the components can result in bending moments, especially when the insulation material has a high stiffness value, which will create the crack on the rendering system. Originality/value – A combination between a hygrothermal and mechanical analysis of an ETICS pathology concerning the appearance of cracks with a subsequent integration into a building pathology catalogue.

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MARQUES, Cristina, Jorge de BRITO, and Ana SILVA. "APPLICATION OF THE FACTOR METHOD TO THE SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF ETICS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 22, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.1546.

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This study intends to develop a methodology for service life prediction of ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System), based on the factor method. The methodology adopted is based on data collected during visual inspections of buildings under current conditions of occupation and exposure, contemplating the degradation mechanisms and the characteristics of ETICS. This research can also provide a suitable tool to aid the planning, implementation and rational use of building management systems in several ways, namely: i) improvement of the materials’ performance, based on the optimization of maintenance actions, use of resources and maintenance costs; ii) selection of the best constructive solution, based on the knowledge of the evolution of degradation of ETICS, according to their characteristics; iii) analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of buildings during their life cycle, based on the knowledge of the number of replacements required during this period of time.

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Žižková, Nikol, Rostislav Drochytka, and Karel Nosek. "Polymer-Modified Mortars for Surface Treatment with the Utilization of Waste Polystyrene." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.141.

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The article is focused on the observation of usable possibilities of waste polystyrene that is created during foundry production and that could be used for production of cellular construction material. Thanks to its granulometry this kind of waste polystyrene is very suitable for use in the fine-soft Polymer-Modified Mortars (PMM), for example in the paste and gluing materials determined for ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems). The mixtures for waste polystyrene application feature the required cellular light property, they conform to the requirements on the solidity and adhesiveness and conform also to the tension tests for the reinforcing layer.

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Zhou, Biao, Hideki Yoshioka, Takafumi Noguchi, and Tatsuo Ando. "Experimental study of expanded polystyrene (EPS) External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) masonery façade reaction-to-fire performance." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 8 (December 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2018.08.002.

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Zhou, Biao, Hideki Yoshioka, Takafumi Noguchi, and Tatsuo Ando. "Numerical prediction of mass loss rate of expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) in cone calorimeter." Fire and Materials 42, no. 5 (December 29, 2017): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2495.

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Ferreira, Cláudia, Joana Barrelas, Ana Silva, Jorge de Brito, Ilídio S. Dias, and Inês Flores-Colen. "Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings." Buildings 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040138.

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Façades, as the most external building envelope component, are subject to different ex-ternal environmental loads, such as: Temperature, precipitation, damp, and wind. Therefore, the contribution of environmental actions to the occurrence of defects in façades claddings is an important subject of study since these actions strongly affect the degradation process and natural ageing of these components during their service life. In this study, a methodology to support decision-makers in the process of selecting a façade cladding system and the maintenance strategy to implement is presented and discussed. This methodology covers the performance of four façade claddings (ceramic tiling systems (CTS), natural stone claddings (NSC), external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), and architectural concrete façades (ACF)) over time, according to three environmental exposure variables (exposure to damp, distance from the sea, and orientation). The databases were established based on the diagnosis of the degradation condition of these claddings in-service conditions, in Portugal. The results reveal that the environmental exposure variables have a significant impact on maintenance requirements and costs. For all the categories of the environmental exposure condition variables, under all scenarios, ETICS is the least favorable constructive solution while CTS is the most advantageous solution. Furthermore, the results show that properly implemented maintenance activities enhance the performance level of building components, which positively affects their degradation behavior over time.

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Trigo, Tiago, Inês Flores-Colen, Luís Silva, Nuno Vieira, Ana Raimundo, and Giovanni Borsoi. "Performance and Durability of Rendering and Basecoat Mortars for ETICS with CSA and Portland Cement." Infrastructures 6, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6040060.

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The production of Portland cement (OP) is commonly associated to significant level of energy consumption and gas emissions. The use of calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) can be a sustainable alternative binder, since its production releases about half of the CO2 emissions and its clinker requires 200 °C lower temperatures, when compared to OP. Furthermore, CSA has fast setting time and achieves higher strength in shorter periods, as well as reduced shrinkage. This paper discusses the incorporation of CSA in rendering mortars and basecoat mortars for ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems). The physical-mechanical properties of mortars made with OP and CSA cements were experimental evaluated. The results showed that the introduction of CSA generally improves shrinkage, compressive strength, water absorption at low pressure, enhances the tensile bending strength and decreases the setting time. The amount of CSA introduced into the mixture significantly affected the properties of the cement matrix.

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Žižková, Nikol, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Possibilities of Using Waste Diatomaceous Earth for Polymer-Modified Mortar." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.266.

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The paper focuses on results obtained in solving the research and development project of lightweight Polymer-Modified Mortars (PMM). With regard to the currently on-going repairs and reconstructions of panel houses in the Czech Republic approaching the end of their expected lifetime, attention is paid to PMM (Polymer-Modified Mortars) intended for surface treatment such as screed or adhesive materials. For the design of adhesive and screeding substances (recommended for ETICS – External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems) use the alternative raw material sources, waste diatomaceous earth is used from the production at the firm LB MINERALS, s.r.o. (Czech Republic). This raw material is delivered in moist, therefore, it is necessary to dry it before the use and consequently mill it so to be able to replace milled limestone by the modified diatomaceous earth in the original formula.

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Barreira, E., and J. M. P. Q. Delgado. "Drying Kinetics of Building Materials: Brief Theory and Experimental Evaluation." Diffusion Foundations 7 (June 2016): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.7.114.

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The effect of moisture in buildings is normally related with damage, which may occur due to the presence of moisture itself or due to its evaporation. The drying process plays an important role in the available moisture, both inside the material or at its surface. This paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation of the drying kinetics, considering both surface and bulk moisture transfer. Two different specimens were used: External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) to study surface moisture transfer and Autoclaved Cellular Concrete (ACC) to analyse the bulk moisture transfer. For both samples the drying kinetics was assessed considering different environment conditions (air temperature and humidity). Five different first-order kinetics models, available in the literature, were adjusted to describe the drying process and estimate the equilibrium moisture content of ETICS and ACC.The results point that Logarithmic and Midilli models allow the best fit and that the drying time constant is strongly affected by the moisture transfer phenomenon (at surface or bulk) and by the drying air conditions. It was also estimated the apparent molecular diffusion coefficient for ACC and its variation with temperature.

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Ferreira, Cláudia, Ana Silva, Jorge de Brito, Ilídio S. Dias, and Inês Flores-Colen. "Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies to Enhance the Durability of ETICS." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126677.

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The increase of awareness with sustainability and the desire of reducing the energy consumption in the construction sector haved increased the application of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) across Europe in the last decades. Nevertheless, the implementation of appropriate maintenance strategies is still neglected. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of different maintenance strategies. For that purpose, a condition-based maintenance model, based on Petri nets, is used to evaluate three maintenance strategies: MS1—total replacement only; MS2—combination of minor intervention and total replacement; and MS3—combination of cleaning operations, minor intervention, and total replacement. In the end, a multi-criteria analysis is used to discuss the impact of the three maintenance strategies proposed, evaluating the remaining service life, the global costs over time, the ETICS’ degradation condition, and the number of replacements (end of service life) over the time horizon. For this purpose, a sample of 378 ETICS was analysed, based on in situ visual inspections, carried out in Portugal. The results from this study reveal that maintenance plays an important role to increase the durability of ETICS, and therefore their sustainability. Regular maintenance can promote the extension of the ETICS’s service life between 88% and 159% (between 15 to 27 years), improve the global degradation condition of the ETICS, and reduce the impact on users by reducing the number of deeper interventions. Further research is essential to optimise the maintenance strategies (time interval between inspections, stakeholders’ performance criteria, and environmental exposure).

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Ramos, Nuno M. M., Joana Maia, Andrea R. Souza, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida, and Luís Silva. "Impact of Incorporating NIR Reflective Pigments in Finishing Coatings of ETICS." Infrastructures 6, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6060079.

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Near-infrared (NIR) reflective materials are being developed for mitigating building cooling needs. Their use contributes to broadening the range of colours, responding to the urban aesthetic demand without compromising the building performance. Despite the increase in NIR reflective pigments investigation, there is still a knowledge gap in their applicability, impact, and durability in multilayer finishing coatings of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS). Hence, the main goal of this work consists of evaluating the impact of incorporating NIR reflective pigments (NRP) in the solar reflectance of the surface layer of ETICS, without affecting the colour perception, as well as their influence on the colour durability and surface temperature. As such, colour, solar reflectance, and surface temperature were monitored for 2 years in dark-coloured specimens of ETICS, with and without NRP and a primer layer. It was confirmed that the main contribution of NRP is the increase of solar reflectance and, consequently, the decrease in surface temperature, especially for high exterior temperatures (around 30 ºC). Moreover, these pigments highly increase the NIR reflectance without affecting the visible colour. In addition, they contribute to maintaining the colour characteristics. The application of primer increased the surface temperature, especially for higher exterior temperatures. However, it contributes to a lower colour difference and solar reflectance variation, which is an important achievement for durability purposes.

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Steinbauer, Veit, Josef Kaufmann, Roger Zurbriggen, Theodor Bühler, and Marco Herwegh. "Tracing hail stone impact on external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) – An evaluation of standard admission impact tests by means of high-speed-camera recordings." International Journal of Impact Engineering 109 (November 2017): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.07.016.

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Zhou, Biao, Hideki Yoshioka, Takafumi Noguchi, and Tatsuo Ando. "Effects of opening edge treatment and EPS thickness on EPS external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) façade reaction-to-fire performance based on JIS A1310 standard façade fire test method." Fire and Materials 42, no. 5 (November 20, 2017): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2486.

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Kučeriková, Veronika, Denisa Donová, and Darja Kubečková. "The Influence of Additional Insulation of Facades to their Aesthetic Devaluation by Vegetation of Algae, Fungi and Cyanobacteria." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.156.

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The purpose of the facade insulation is to reduce transmission heat loss from the heated interior to exterior. After some time, it can be said that the insulation of the building envelope served its purpose and significantly reduce heat use for heating of insulated buildings. Time, however, showed the risks of external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). One side effect of reducing transmission heat loss of buildings by using of ETICS can be considerable aesthetic devaluation of facades. Sometimes façade with ETICS become a suitable substrate for the growth of microorganisms. These are algae, fungi and cyanobacteria, which creates unsightly green and black growths on facades. The article deals with the connection between thermal insulation of external walls and the presence of vegetation microorganisms.

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Sulakatko, Virgo, and Frank Vogdt. "Construction Process Technical Impact Factors on Degradation of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113900.

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The European climate strategy has encouraged the usage of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) to increase the energy efficiency of external building envelopes. This externally and relatively easily applicable façade solution must meet various technical requirements. This paper develops a technical severity evaluation model of on-site construction activities of ETICS to prioritize the risks of the construction process. The model can be used independently by any stakeholder of the construction process. The relevance of the activities is assessed with the Failure Mode Effects Analysis method. The model weights the impact of the essential technical requirements and simulates an integrated weighted technical severity value, which is derived from the analysis of experts’ judgments validated with the non-parametric Friedman’s test. The data collection for probability of occurrence and difficulty of detectability follows the Delphi technique to quantify the opinions of a group. The simulation, conducted on 103 degradation factors, shows that the on-site construction activities of ETICS strongly influence the decrease in the technical resilience of long-term durability, mechanical resistance, and stability, as well as the ability to bypass tensions. The highest risk is detected by the shortcomings in the layers of substrate, reinforcement, adhesive, and additional details.

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Minarovičová, Katarína. "Environmental aspect of maintenance of buildings with ETICS." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927903005.

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Treatment of existing External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) is based mainly on chemical methods while environmental impacts are not clear. Currently used finishes of ETICS contain biocides as a prevention measure against biocorrosion. Uncontrolled leaching of biocides is not longer acceptable. Research on new technologies without uncontrolled release of biocides is developing, however, new system solutions are not known yet. Principles of sustainability must be regarded when applying the concept of ETICS maintenance.

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Antošová, Naďa, and Katarína Minarovičová. "The Methodology for the Selection of Technologies for the Removal of Microorganisms from ETICS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.200.

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The paper has the ambition to point out the validation of conceptual and a strategic reasoning in the design of solution of “green façade” with external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). The text deals with selected information derived from long-term research on contamination of ETICS by biological materials (mostly unicellular organisms - algae). The paper concludes with a draft of decision-making process.

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Mclaggan, Martyn, Konrad Wilkens Flecknoe-Brown, Anders Dragsted, and Patrick Van Hees. "Heat release and flame spread assessment of insulation in External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) façades." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1107 (November 2018): 032021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1107/3/032021.

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Urbán, Daniel, Bert Roozen, Alexander Niemczanowski, Herbert Muellner, and Peter Zaťko. "Measuring the sound insulation of an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) by means of vibrometry." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4987680.

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Farenyuk, G. G., and O. B. Oleksiienko. "ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE FACADE SYSTEMS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-150-161.

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Abstract. Strategic problem of ensuring the update of energy profile of residential and public buildings may be solved if only recent design concept of facade thermal insulation is applied. As the design concept, facade thermal insulation appeared in reconstruction of buildings and structures. In domestic construction practice, this design concept is also widely used in new structures and that is why the system of criteria that determine the possible reduce of specific heat loss in heating of buildings should be updated, and the desired operational heat safety of buildings should be ensured. The paper deals with the development and implementation of new criteria for assessment of façade insulation systems with rendering, addresses the European experience and features the implementation of European standards in the national regulatory framework. The paper follows the previous research conducted by the State Research Institute of Building Constructions for the last fifteen years with main scientific papers being referenced and aimed at the development of methodological base for system of norms and standards that ensure the implementation of innovations in the practice of domestic construction sector. The paper covers the details of conformity assessment and suitability for use of facade thermal insulation in accordance with the methodological principles applied both in Ukraine and countries of European Community. The paper provides the analysis of the requirements set for facade thermal insulation with rendering by a national regulative document, DSTU B V.2.6-36:2008, and compares the requirements for ETICS (Exterior Thermal Insulation Composite System) set by Guideline for European Technical Approval of Exterior Thermal Insulation Composite System with Rendering (ETICS), ETAG 004.

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Antošová, Naďa. "Impact of Biocorrosion on the Durability of Etics and Empirical Findings About the Periodocity of Maintenance." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2013-0009.

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Abstract Generally, the role of living organisms (especially bacteria, cyanophytes, algae and fungi) in the physical and chemical processes of the biocorrosion of an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) is underestimated. These organisms are the ones that are responsible for a wide range of changes in or "diseases" of building materials and constructions, including damage to a building´s appearance or the destruction and complete collapse of the characteristics and requirements of materials and the ETICS construction. The following article concerns the impact of biological factors on the durability of ETICS. It shows the importance of and necessity to maintain it, and the method and periodicity of the maintenance.

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Barreira, E., João M. P. Q. Delgado, and V. P. de Freitas. "Wetting and Drying of External Surfaces with ETICS Systems." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.343.

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Moisture is one of the most deteriorating factors of buildings. The deteriorating effect of moisture occurs mainly during the drying phase, and appropriate parameters of the drying kinetics are required for the building materials. Environmental factors, such as air temperature and air humidity affect drying. An experimental campaign was performed to investigate the drying performance of External Thermal Insulation Systems (ETICS). Drying kinetics was examined at three air temperatures, four solar orientations and two different air humidities. A first-order kinetics model was obtained, in which the drying time constant was a function of the drying conditions, and the equilibrium material moisture content was described by several different models, such as linear type, power type, exponential type, Arrhenius type and Logarithmic type. The parameters of the proposed model were found to be affected strongly by the material and the drying air conditions.

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Sulakatko, Virgo, and Irene Lill. "THE ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF ON-SITE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES WITH THE EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION COMPOSITE SYSTEM (ETICS)." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 23, no. 4 (March 14, 2019): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2019.7071.

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The systematic inadequacies of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS), which occur during the construction phase, increase the financial risk for stakeholders, while reducing the long-term durability of the facade. The economic effect of on-site shortcomings can be reduced if the most significant on-site activities are recognised. The current paper develops an economic relevance assessment model for on-site construction activities of ETICS to increase economic rationality of resource allocation and emphasise the high-risk systematic shortcomings. The economic assessment model quantifies the financial risk of the on-site degradation factors with the method of modified Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA). The data collection is followed by experts’ judgments and is validated with the Delphi technique. The study reveals that degradation factors in the early phases of construction have the highest relevance due to high costs of repair as well as high occurrence possibility and higher detection difficulty due to rapid coverage. Ninety percent of the shortcomings appear during the first five years of completion of the construction. The on-site failures occurring during the application of mechanical anchors and finishing layer cause the lowest financial risk. The model enables the economic effect of the on-site activities to be prioritised for better resource allocation.

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Hajduković, Milan, Nataša Knez, Friderik Knez, and Jerneja Kolšek. "Fire Performance of External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) Facades with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Insulation and Thin Rendering." Fire Technology 53, no. 1 (September 13, 2016): 173–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-016-0622-2.

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Sulakatko, Virgo, Irene Lill, and Eneli Liisma. "Analysis of On-site Construction Processes for Effective External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) Installation." Procedia Economics and Finance 21 (2015): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00180-x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'External thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS)'

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