Relevant bibliographies by topics / External validation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'External validation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "External validation"

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Choi, Woo Jin, Richard Walker, Luckshi Rajendran, Owen Jones, Annie Gravely, Marina Englesakis, Steven Gallinger, Gideon Hirschfield, Bettina Hansen, and Gonzalo Sapisochin. "Call to Improve the Quality of Prediction Tools for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Resection: A Critical Appraisal, Systematic Review, and External Validation Study." Annals of Surgery Open 4, no. 3 (September 2023): e328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/as9.0000000000000328.

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Objective: To conduct a systematic review, critical appraisal, and external validation of survival prediction tools for patients undergoing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) resection. Summary background data: Despite the development of several survival prediction tools in recent years for patients undergoing iCCA resections, there is a lack of critical appraisal and external validation of these models. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and critical appraisal of survival and recurrence prediction models for patients undergoing curative-intent iCCA resections. Studies were evaluated based on their model design, risk of bias, reporting, performance, and validation results. We identified the best model and externally validated it using our institution’s data. Results: This review included a total of 31 studies, consisting of 26 studies with original prediction tools and 5 studies that only conducted external validations. Among the 26, 54% of the studies conducted internal validations, 46% conducted external validations, and only 1 study scored a low risk of bias. Harrell’s C-statistics ranged from 0.67 to 0.76 for internal validation and from 0.64 to 0.75 for external validation. Only 81% of the studies reported model calibration. Our external validation of the best model (Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma [ICC]-Metroticket) estimated Harrell’s and Uno’s C-statistics of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56–0.77) and Uno’s time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53–0.88), with a Brier score of 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15–0.26) and good calibration plots. Conclusions: Many prediction models have been published in recent years, but their quality remains poor, and minimal methodological quality improvement has been observed. The ICC-Metroticket was selected as the best model (Uno’s time-dependent AUC of 0.71) for 5-year overall survival prediction in patients undergoing curative-intent iCCA resection.
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Aminian, Ali, Stacy A. Brethauer, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, John P. Kirwan, and Philip R. Schauer. "DiaRem score: external validation." Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70202-x.

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Halfon, Philippe, Guillaume Penaranda, Christophe Renou, and Marc Bourliere. "External validation of FibroIndex." Hepatology 46, no. 1 (2007): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.21717.

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Biancari, Fausto, Jari Laurikka, Jan-Ola Wistbacka, Juha Nissinen, and Matti Tarkka. "External Validation of Modified EuroSCORE." World Journal of Surgery 34, no. 12 (September 1, 2010): 2979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-010-0775-y.

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Kornblith, Aaron E., Chandan Singh, Gabriel Devlin, Newton Addo, Christian J. Streck, James F. Holmes, Nathan Kuppermann, et al. "Predictability and stability testing to assess clinical decision instrument performance for children after blunt torso trauma." PLOS Digital Health 1, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): e0000076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000076.

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Objective The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) has developed a clinical-decision instrument (CDI) to identify children at very low risk of intra-abdominal injury. However, the CDI has not been externally validated. We sought to vet the PECARN CDI with the Predictability Computability Stability (PCS) data science framework, potentially increasing its chance of a successful external validation. Materials & methods We performed a secondary analysis of two prospectively collected datasets: PECARN (12,044 children from 20 emergency departments) and an independent external validation dataset from the Pediatric Surgical Research Collaborative (PedSRC; 2,188 children from 14 emergency departments). We used PCS to reanalyze the original PECARN CDI along with new interpretable PCS CDIs developed using the PECARN dataset. External validation was then measured on the PedSRC dataset. Results Three predictor variables (abdominal wall trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale Score <14, and abdominal tenderness) were found to be stable. A CDI using only these three variables would achieve lower sensitivity than the original PECARN CDI with seven variables on internal PECARN validation but achieve the same performance on external PedSRC validation (sensitivity 96.8% and specificity 44%). Using only these variables, we developed a PCS CDI which had a lower sensitivity than the original PECARN CDI on internal PECARN validation but performed the same on external PedSRC validation (sensitivity 96.8% and specificity 44%). Conclusion The PCS data science framework vetted the PECARN CDI and its constituent predictor variables prior to external validation. We found that the 3 stable predictor variables represented all of the PECARN CDI’s predictive performance on independent external validation. The PCS framework offers a less resource-intensive method than prospective validation to vet CDIs before external validation. We also found that the PECARN CDI will generalize well to new populations and should be prospectively externally validated. The PCS framework offers a potential strategy to increase the chance of a successful (costly) prospective validation.
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Lewis, R., and P. Postle. "CFD Validation for External Aerodynamics Part 1: Validating Component Analysis." NAFEMS International Journal of CFD Case Studies 4 (January 2004): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.59972/8gzlg6cv.

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Validating external aerodynamics is often a complex process with more to consider than just obtaining the correct forces. This paper examines some of the issues related to the CFD modelling of car components such as wings, wheel assemblies and radiators. The types of mesh, choice of turbulence model and wall resolution (measured in terms of y+) are also discussed.
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Ban, Jong-Wook, Lucy Abel, Richard Stevens, and Rafael Perera. "Research inefficiencies in external validation studies of the Framingham Wilson coronary heart disease risk rule: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (September 13, 2024): e0310321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310321.

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Background External validation studies create evidence about a clinical prediction rule’s (CPR’s) generalizability by evaluating and updating the CPR in populations different from those used in the derivation, and also by contributing to estimating its overall performance when meta-analysed in a systematic review. While most cardiovascular CPRs do not have any external validation, some CPRs have been externally validated repeatedly. Hence, we examined whether external validation studies of the Framingham Wilson coronary heart disease (CHD) risk rule contributed to generating evidence to their full potential. Methods A forward citation search of the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule’s derivation study was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule in different populations. For external validation studies of the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule, we examined whether authors updated the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule when it performed poorly. We also assessed the contribution of external validation studies to understanding the Predicted/Observed (P/O) event ratio and c statistic of the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule. Results We identified 98 studies that evaluated the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule; 40 of which were external validation studies. Of these 40 studies, 27 (67.5%) concluded the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule performed poorly but did not update it. Of 23 external validation studies conducted with data that could be included in meta-analyses, 13 (56.5%) could not fully contribute to the meta-analyses of P/O ratio and/or c statistic because these performance measures were neither reported nor could be calculated from provided data. Discussion Most external validation studies failed to generate evidence about the Framingham Wilson CHD risk rule’s generalizability to their full potential. Researchers might increase the value of external validation studies by presenting all relevant performance measures and by updating the CPR when it performs poorly.
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Steyerberg, Ewout W., and Frank E. Harrell. "Prediction models need appropriate internal, internal–external, and external validation." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 69 (January 2016): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.04.005.

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Hippisley-Cox, Julia, and Carol Coupland. "Independent external validation of QCancer (Ovarian)." European Journal of Cancer Care 22, no. 4 (June 18, 2013): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12071.

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Posthumus, R., T. P. Traas, W. J. G. M. Peijnenburg, and E. M. Hulzebos. "External validation of EPIWIN biodegradation models." SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research 16, no. 1-2 (February 2005): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10629360412331319899.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "External validation"

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Belding, Jennifer Nicole. "The Embodiment of External Objects: A Self-Validation Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306892108.

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Franco, Ximena. "External validation of comorbid patterns of anxiety disorders in youth." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3409.

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This study examined the external validity of comorbidity among anxiety disorders in youth to determine whether specific comorbid conditions (e.g., anxiety disorder externalizing disorders) convey unique information when compared to "pure" anxiety disorder. The sample consisted of 329 youth and their parents who presented to the Child Anxiety and Phobia Program housed within the Child and Family Psychosocial Research Center at Florida International University. Youth were diagnosed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSMIV: Child and Parent versions (ADIS for DSM-IV: C/P). In addition, questionnaire batteries were administered to assess external validation criteria. Statistically significant differences were found across all measures when comparing a pure anxiety disorder with all the different conditions. The findings suggest that there may be differential meaningfulness in having a single diagnosis of anxiety disorders versus different comorbid patterns. The findings are discussed with respect to theoretical and clinical implications of the current nosological system.
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Truong, Thanh. "Main-Memory Query Processing Utilizing External Indexes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-280374.

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Many applications require storage and indexing of new kinds of data in main-memory, e.g. color histograms, textures, shape features, gene sequences, sensor readings, or financial time series. Even though, many domain index structures were developed, very a few of them are implemented in any database management system (DBMS), usually only B-trees and hash indexes. A major reason is that the manual effort to include a new index implementation in a regular DBMS is very costly and time-consuming because it requires integration with all components of the DBMS kernel. To alleviate this, there are some extensible indexing frameworks. However, they all require re-engineering the index implementations, which is a problem when the index has third-party ownership, when only binary code is available, or simply when the index implementation is complex to re-engineer. Therefore, the DBMS should allow including new index implementations without code changes and performance degradation. Furthermore, for high performance the query processor needs knowledge of how to process queries to utilize plugged-in index. Moreover, it is important that all functionalities of a plugged-in index implementation are correct. The extensible main memory database system (MMDB) Mexima (Main-memory External Index Manager) addresses these challenges. It enables transparent plugging in main-memory index implementations without code changes. Index specific rewrite rules transform complex queries to utilize the indexes. Automatic test procedures validate the correctness of them based on user provided index meta-data. Moreover, the same optimization framework can also optimize complex queries sent to a back-end DBMS by exposing hidden indexes for its query optimizer. Altogether, Mexima is a complete and extensible platform for transparently index integration, utilization, and evaluation.
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Kataoka, Yuki. "External validation of prognostic indices for overall survival of malignant pleural mesothelioma." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245296.

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Fernandes, Ana Sofia Fachada. "Prognostic modelling of breast cancer patients: a benchmark of predictive models with external validation." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5087.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores – Sistemas Digitais e Percepcionais pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
There are several clinical prognostic models in the medical field. Prior to clinical use, the outcome models of longitudinal cohort data need to undergo a multi-centre evaluation of their predictive accuracy. This thesis evaluates the possible gain in predictive accuracy in multicentre evaluation of a flexible model with Bayesian regularisation, the (PLANN-ARD), using a reference data set for breast cancer, which comprises 4016 records from patients diagnosed during 1989-93 and reported by the BCCA, Canada, with follow-up of 10 years. The method is compared with the widely used Cox regression model. Both methods were fitted to routinely acquired data from 743 patients diagnosed during 1990-94 at the Christie Hospital, UK, with follow-up of 5 years following surgery. Methodological advances developed to support the external validation of this neural network with clinical data include: imputation of missing data in both the training and validation data sets; and a prognostic index for stratification of patients into risk groups that can be extended to non-linear models. Predictive accuracy was measured empirically with a standard discrimination index, Ctd, and with a calibration measure, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test statistic. Both Cox regression and the PLANN-ARD model are found to have similar discrimination but the neural network showed marginally better predictive accuracy over the 5-year followup period. In addition, the regularised neural network has the substantial advantage of being suited for making predictions of hazard rates and survival for individual patients. Four different approaches to stratify patients into risk groups are also proposed, each with a different foundation. While it was found that the four methodologies broadly agree, there are important differences between them. Rules sets were extracted and compared for the two stratification methods, the log-rank bootstrap and by direct application of regression trees, and with two rule extraction methodologies, OSRE and CART, respectively. In addition, widely used clinical breast cancer prognostic indexes such as the NPI, TNM and St. Gallen consensus rules, were compared with the proposed prognostic models expressed as regression trees, concluding that the suggested approaches may enhance current practice. Finally, a Web clinical decision support system is proposed for clinical oncologists and for breast cancer patients making prognostic assessments, which is tailored to the particular characteristics of the individual patient. This system comprises three different prognostic modelling methodologies: the NPI, Cox regression modelling and PLANN-ARD. For a given patient, all three models yield a generally consistent but not identical set of prognostic indices that can be analysed together in order to obtain a consensus and so achieve a more robust prognostic assessment of the expected patient outcome.
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Nacke, Filip. "External validation of a tool to assess medication-related admissions in four Swedish hospitals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för farmakokinetik och läkemedelsterapi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388549.

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External validation of a tool to assess medication-related admissions in four Swedish hospitals Background The MedBridge trial is a large ongoing clinical trial on medication reviews in elderly patients in Sweden with participating hospitals from Uppsala, Enköping, Västerås and Gävle. A tool for assessing medication-related admissions (MRAs) has been developed and validated in Uppsala: Assessment Tool for identifying Hospital Admissions Related to Medications (AT-HARM10). MRAs is often used as an outcome for medication reviews and similar interventions. Validation of AT-HARM10 outside of Uppsala is therefore warranted. Aim The aim was to externally validate AT-HARM10. This was needed since AT-HARM10 was for the first time used outside Uppsala. Materials and methods The readmissions of elderly patients within the MedBridge trial were collected from all participating hospitals. The assessors in this study were two final-year pharmacy students. First, the assessors assessed the readmissions independently of each other and then a consensus meeting was held where the readmissions were discussed, and a consensus was reached. The outcomes in this study were the assessment time, inter-rater reliability and content validity between the hospitals from Uppsala, Enköping, Västerås, and Gävle. The time was measured every day during the assessment period. The inter-rater reliability was calculated for every consensus meeting. The content validity was based on the questions from AT-HARM10 and was collected for each of the assessed readmissions and compared between the four participating hospitals. The content validity of the distribution of questions U1-P10 between the hospitals was tested with a χ2-test. Results In this study, 1687 unplanned readmissions from 893 patients were assessed. Uppsala University Hospital had 6.6 minutes as total mean assessment time including consensus meeting. The total mean time from Enköping, Västerås and Gävle were 6.48, 6.32 and 6.16 minutes respectively. The strength of agreement between the two assessors was substantial in Uppsala, Västerås and Gävle (ĸ 0.80, 0.79 and 0.76 respectively) and perfect in Enköping (ĸ 0.89). For the content validity were there no differences between the hospitals in the distribution of question U1-P10. Conclusion AT-HARM10 was for the first time used outside Uppsala and has been externally validated with data from the hospitals in Enköping, Västerås, and Gävle. The time needed per admission for the two assessors was low which confirms that it is possible to have final-year pharmacy students as assessors. This information is important both within the MedBridge trial and if the tool would be used in outer clinical studies.
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Iwakami, Naotsugu. "Optimal Sampling in Derivation Studies was Associated with Improved Discrimination in External Validation for Heart Failure Prognostic Models." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259731.

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Hage, Mhamad El. "Etude de la qualité géomorphologique de modèles numériques de terrain issus de l’imagerie spatiale." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0846/document.

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La production de Modèles Numériques de Terrain (MNT) a subi d’importantes évolutions durant les deux dernières décennies en réponse à une demande croissante pour des besoins scientifiques et industriels. De nombreux satellites d’observation de la Terre, utilisant des capteurs tant optiques que radar, ont permis de produire des MNT couvrant la plupart de la surface terrestre. De plus, les algorithmes de traitement d’images et de nuages de points ont subi d’importants développements. Ces évolutions ont fourni des MNT à différentes échelles pour tout utilisateur. Les applications basées sur la géomorphologie ont profité de ces progrès. En effet, ces applications exploitent les formes du terrain dont le MNT constitue une donnée de base. Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact des paramètres de production de MNT par photogrammétrie et par InSAR sur la qualité de position et de forme de ces modèles. La qualité de position, évaluée par les producteurs de MNT, n’est pas suffisante pour évaluer la qualité des formes. Ainsi, nous avons décrit les méthodes d’évaluation de la qualité de position et de forme et la différence entre elles. Une méthode originale de validation interne, qui n’exige pas de données de référence, a été proposée. Ensuite, l’impact des paramètres de l’appariement stéréoscopique, du traitement interférométrique ainsi que du rééchantillonnage, sur l’altitude et les formes, a été évalué. Finalement, nous avons conclu sur des recommandations pour choisir correctement les paramètres de production, en particulier en photogrammétrie.Nous avons observé un impact négligeable de la plupart des paramètres sur l’altitude, à l’exception de ceux de l’InSAR. Par contre, un impact significatif existe sur les dérivées de l’altitude. L’impact des paramètres d’appariement présente une forte dépendance avec la morphologie du terrain et l’occupation du sol. Ainsi, le choix de ces paramètres doit être effectué en prenant en considération ces deux facteurs. L’effet des paramètres du traitement interférométrique se manifeste par des erreurs de déroulement de phase qui affectent principalement l’altitude et peu les dérivées. Les méthodes d’interpolation et la taille de maille présentent un impact faible sur l’altitude et important sur ses dérivées. En effet, leur valeur et leur qualité dépendent directement de la taille de maille. Le choix de cette taille doit s’effectuer selon les besoins de l’application visée. Enfin, nous avons conclu que ces paramètres sont interdépendants et peuvent avoir des effets similaires. Leur choix doit être effectué en prenant en considération à la fois l’application concernée, la morphologie du terrain et son occupation du sol afin de minimiser l’erreur des résultats finaux et des conclusions
The production of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) has undergone significant evolution duringthe last two decades resulting from a growing demand for scientific as well as industrial purposes.Many Earth observation satellites, using optical and radar sensors, have enabled the production ofDEMs covering most of the Earth’s surface. The algorithms of image and point cloud processing havealso undergone significant evolution. This progress has provided DEMs on different scales, which canfulfill the requirements of many users. The applications based on geomorphology have benefitted fromthis evolution. Indeed, these applications concentrate specifically on landforms for which the DEMconstitutes a basic data.The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the parameters of DEM production byphotogrammetry and InSAR on position and shape quality. The position quality, assessed by DEMproducers, is not sufficient for the evaluation of shape quality. Thus, the evaluation methods ofposition and shape quality and the difference between them are described. A novel method of internalvalidation, which does not require reference data, is proposed. Then, the impact of image matchingand interferometric processing parameters as well as resampling, on elevation and shapes, is assessed.Finally, we conclude on recommendations on how to choose the production parameters correctly,particularly for photogrammetry.We observe little impact from most of the parameters on the elevation, except InSAR parameters.On the other hand, there is a significant impact on the elevation derivatives. The impact of matchingparameters presents a strong dependence on the terrain morphology and the landcover. Therefore,these parameters have to be selected by taking into account these two factors. The effect ofinterferometric processing manifests by phase unwrapping errors that mainly affect the elevation andless the derivatives. The interpolation methods and the mesh size present a small impact on theelevation and a significant impact on the derivatives. Indeed, the value of the derivatives and theirquality depend directly on the mesh size. The selection of this size has to be made according to theforeseen application. Finally, we conclude that these parameters are interdependent and can havesimilar effects. They must be selected according to the foreseen application, the terrain morphologyand the landcover in order to minimize the error in the final results and the conclusions
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Grün, Bettina, Paul Hofmarcher, Kurt Hornik, Christoph Leitner, and Stefan Pichler. "Deriving Consensus Ratings of the Big Three Rating Agencies." Incisive Financial Publishing, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4052/1/consensus_Rev3.pdf.

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This paper introduces a model framework for dynamic credit rating processes. Our framework aggregates ordinal rating information stemming from a variety of rating sources. The dynamic of the consensus rating captures systematic as well as idiosyncratic changes. In addition, our framework allows to validate the different rating sources by analyzing the mean/variance structure of the rating deviations. In an empirical study for the iTraxx Europe companies rated by the big three external rating agencies we use Bayesian techniques to estimate the consensus ratings for these companies. The advantages are illustrated by comparing our dynamic rating model to a naive benchmark model. (authors' abstract)
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Smith, Allison B. Smith. "Validation Of A Smartphone Application For Measuring Shoulder Internal Rotation and External Rotation Range Of Motion With Intra-Rater Reliability." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1461840909.

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Books on the topic "External validation"

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Harris, Margaret L. An external validation of the Territorial Army Junior Officers Training Course. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1992.

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Mitchell, Paul William. An external validation of the army's education for promotion certificate communication skills course. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1988.

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David, Green. An external validation of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers AS90 (gun self propelled 155mm) Fitter Gun course. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1995.

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Yarrien, Paul Anthony. A review of the external validation within the systems approach to training, as currently used by the British Army. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1992.

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Conn, Nathalie Katherine. Errorless acquiescence training: External and social validation. 2007.

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Efficient Simulation via Validation and Application of an External Analytical Model. Storming Media, 1999.

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AAMI TIR61:2014/(R)2019; Generating reports for human factors design validation results for external cardiac defibrillators. AAMI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/9781570205682.

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Pelphrey, Marty. Make a Satisfying and Fulfilling Life : Secret Key to Find True Happiness: How to Stop Depending on External Validation. Independently Published, 2021.

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Psychosocial dimensions of learning disabilities: External validation of (1) statistically-derived psychosocial subtypes and their relations to (2) cognitive and academic functioning. 1993.

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Irby, Crawford Peter. EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF TEST BANK ITEMS DEVELOPED FOR GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL AND ADULT EDUCATION PRACTICAL NURSING COURSE NSG 111, NURSING PROCESS I. 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "External validation"

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Getty, Paul M. "Building External Validation." In The 12 Magic Slides, 25–34. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6485-9_2.

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Weir, Cyril J. "External Validities in Action." In Language Testing and Validation, 207–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230514577_11.

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Quang, Pham Thu, and Cyrille Chartier-Kastler. "External Views and Validation." In MERISE in Practice, 82–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12314-8_11.

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Murray-Smith, D. J. "Internal Verification and External Validation." In Continuous System Simulation, 141–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2504-2_9.

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Leicher, Andreas, and Felix Bübl. "External Requirements Validation for Component-Based Systems." In Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 404–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47961-9_29.

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Spalenza, Marcos A., Juliana P. C. Pirovani, and Elias de Oliveira. "Structures Discovering for Optimizing External Clustering Validation Metrics." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 150–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49342-4_15.

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Di Nuovo, Alessandro G., and Vincenzo Catania. "On External Measures for Validation of Fuzzy Partitions." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 491–501. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72950-1_49.

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Wu, Junjie. "Selecting External Validation Measures for K-means Clustering." In Advances in K-means Clustering, 99–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29807-3_5.

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Draszawka, Karol, and Julian Szymański. "External Validation Measures for Nested Clustering of Text Documents." In Emerging Intelligent Technologies in Industry, 207–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22732-5_18.

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Rodríguez-Pérez, Raquel, Marta Padilla, and Santiago Marco. "The Need of External Validation for Metabolomics Predictive Models." In Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 197–223. Toronto; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2019.: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429433580-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "External validation"

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Zhang, Ke-Bing, Mehmet A. Orgun, and Kang Zhang. "A Visual Approach for External Cluster Validation." In 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2007.368927.

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Zerabi, Soumeya, and Souham Meshoul. "External clustering validation in big data context." In 2017 3rd International Conference of Cloud Computing Technologies and Applications (CloudTech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cloudtech.2017.8284735.

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Cezario, Cassiano Antunes, and Amir Antonio Martins Oliveira. "CFD electric motor external fan system validation." In 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2008.4800201.

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Marsilio, Roberto. "Turbulent Model Validation for Spike Nozzle External Flows." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-186.

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Sarma, Hemanta Kumar, and Ramon G. Bentsen. "Further Experimental Validation of the External-Drive Technique." In Technical Meeting / Petroleum Conference of The South Saskatchewan Section. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/ss-87-7.

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Mikkola, Carl A., Christina L. Case, and Kevin C. Garrity. "External Corrosion and Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment Validation Project." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0103.

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In January, 2003, Enbridge Midcoast Energy, L.P., a subsidiary of Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P., implemented a comprehensive direct assessment development and validation project for its Natural Gas Business segment; a project intended to demonstrate the validity of External Corrosion and Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA and ICDA). The work began in January 2003 and was concluded in June 2003. The primary goal of the project was to demonstrate that External Corrosion Direct Assessment and Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment as performed in compliance with the NACE and INGAA methodologies could be used to effectively verify and manage the integrity of non-piggable and non-interruptible natural gas pipeline segments. The programs were validated by in-line inspection (ILI) using high-resolution magnetic flux leakage tools and field verification digs. The objective of the project was to receive approval from the Texas Railroad Commission to use direct assessment (“DA”), where demonstrated to be appropriate, for integrity verification and management of pipeline systems that are not verifiable through other approved means. The Enbridge DA Validation Project was successfully completed and is considered to be one of the leading DA validation projects undertaken to date in the U.S. A total of 12,000 manhours and over $1MM was expended in performing the pre-assessment to identify a candidate pipeline, develop detailed procedures for DA execution and implementation, perform indirect surveys, modify pipe and complete cleaning pig runs, gauge pig runs, dummy pig runs, intelligent pig runs, perform detailed direct examinations and perform detailed analysis of the results including the preparation of the final report. This paper is intended to describe the steps that Enbridge took in validating DA.
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Sanchez, Reed, Andy Yoon, Xuan Yi, Yuanshan Chen, Lijun Zheng, and Kiruba Haran. "Mechanical validation of high power density external cantilevered rotor." In 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2017.8002158.

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Janssens, E., E. Schillebeeckx, J. Van Cleemput, V. Surmont, K. Nackaerts, E. Marcq, J. Van Meerbeeck, and K. Lamote. "External validation of a breath test for pleural mesothelioma." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.894.

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Aichernig, Bernhard K., Silvio Marcovic, and Richard Schumi. "Property-Based Testing with External Test-Case Generators." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation: Workshops (ICSTW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstw.2017.62.

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Christopherson, Adam, and Young-Hoon Han. "Validation for External Tieback Connector Bending Capacity by Strain Measurement." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93925.

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Abstract Strain gauges provide a convenient and affordable method to accurately measure the strain field for complex systems. Not only do they provide crucial information for predicting the fatigue life of components, but they can also determine the principle stresses which can be used to compare design factors with accepted industry standards. The use of electrical resistance strain gauges for load verification has become an ever-increasing practice in the design of subsea connectors as evidenced by the recent application in the industry guidance API 17TR7 [1]. The design is aided by the development of a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) which is used to predict the load capacities for normal, extreme, and survival conditions. The present work describes the experimental validation of a 18-3/4in 10,000 psi subsea collet connector model by applying linear pattern CEA-06-062UW-350 strain gauges at discrete points along the circumferentially spaced collet segments. The collet segments are the selected components for strain gauge placement because not only are they the primary connecting element between the subsea wellhead and the connector body, but they also only support axial loads. The axial strain of the collet segments in tension were compared at two combined loading cases: maximum bending capacity with and without internal working pressure and found to be in good correlation with the elastic-plastic FEA. The experimentally validated FEA is a crucial tool in determining the connector’s application to project or customer specific load and fatigue requirements and eliminates the need for unnecessary experimentation.
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Reports on the topic "External validation"

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Clark, Mooney, and Colwell. L52198 External Corrosion Direct Assessment Validation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011350.

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This report covers the evaluation and analyses of ten ECDA projects conducted by nine natural gas pipeline operators. The objective of this work was validation of the ECDA methods proposed in NACE RP 0502 as an integrity assessment method that could be used in place of or along the pressure testing and in-line inspection. Most of the ECDA projects utilized CIS, DCVG, PCM, and ACVG and other indirect inspection tools to a lesser extent.
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K. Zarrabi. Geochemistry Model Validation Report: External Accumulation Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837044.

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Soroko, Eugeny L., and Dirk Konietzka. Report on the external validation of the "Education and Employment Survey" on Russia. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2006-028.

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Bruce. L52027 External Weld Deposition Repair for Internal Wall Loss in Tees and Elbows - Further Validation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011189.

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Pipeline repair by direct deposition of weld metal, or weld deposition repair, is an attractive alternative to the installation of full-encirclement sleeves or composite reinforcement, particularly for repair of wall loss defects in bend sections and fittings. Previous work concluded that the static strength of straight sections of pipe, field bends, elbows, and tees can be fully restored when the after-repair minimum wall thickness is equal to or greater than the nominal wall thickness, provided that the weld metal strength is at least equal to the strength of the parent material and that the repair overlaps the perimeter of the wall loss by at least one nominal wall thickness. This criteria was validated by full-scale tests that included a limited number of wall loss locations and end-restraint conditions. To allow the confident use of this repair method, additional validation experiments were required for different wall loss locations and end-restraint conditions. The objective of this project was to further validate the criteria developed in previous work.
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Song, Frank, and Narasi Sridhar. DTRS56-04-T-0002 Determining Reassessment Intervals Through Corrosion. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011958.

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The objectives of this program are to develop methods based on sound fundamental principles to estimate: (1) external corrosion rates, especially in CP shielded areas, and (2) internal corrosion rates by considering pipeline-relevant factors for gas and liquid lines. Mathematical models will be developed to achieve the above goal. The models will be compared with field and laboratory data for validity and the models will be simplified to a format that is applicable to pipeline operators to estimate pipeline external or/and internal corrosion rate. It is recognized that the development of fundamental, physics-based models to predict corrosion rates for each of these areas is a daunting task. Therefore, this project aims to develop models that can be used to predict the pipeline corrosion rate in some scenarios that are relatively conservative and are expected to occur more commonly in the field. The goals were (1) external corrosion rate calculation, (2) internal corrosion rate calculation, (3) validation of the external corrosion rate calculation, (4) field validation of the internal corrosion rate calculation, and (5) reporting and recommendations.
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Baete, Christophe. PR-405-163602-WEB AC Criteria and Coupons. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011625.

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Presented Tuesday, October 29, 2019 PRESENTER: Christophe Baete, Elsyca Inc. HOST: Len Krissa, Enbridge MODERATOR: Laurie Perry, PRCI CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Join the PRCI Corrosion Technical Committee as they present research results from multiple projects related to AC induced interference and corrosion on pipelines. The webinar will discuss the research results and their potential impact on international codes and standards. Expected benefits/learning outcomes: � Validation of NACE24124 and ISO18086 standards of AC corrosion risk assessment based on real-world pipeline cases � Learning exceptions and limitations of the current standards and proposed refinement of the codes � Field procedure development for External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) of AC corrosion anomalies � Benchmarking and validating commercial AC coupons and probes for AC corrosion monitoring Target audience: � Pipeline corrosion personnel � Pipeline integrity management personnel Recommended Pre-reading: PR-405-113604-R01 Develop a New Unique AC Corrosion CP Mitigation Criterion (EC-6-2) PR-405-153600-R01 Validation of the AC Corrosion Criteria Based on Real-World Pipeline Measurements (EC-6-2A) PR-405-163602-R01 Evaluation of AC Corrosion Coupons for Monitoring Applications (EC-6-7) After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.
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Denowh, Chantz, Chris Alexander, and Ahmed Hassanin. PR-652-195104-R02 Development of Heavy Wall ILI Test Samples. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012096.

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Guidance is needed for the pipeline industry's in-line inspection (ILI) technologies as current industry practices address mainly thin-wall pipe specifications as well as spool and defect design. Heavy-wall pipe is mostly found in subsea applications where the predominant threats are internal; however, external defects cannot be discounted. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensing technologies for heavy-wall pipe often have very different specifications for examining external versus internal defects. The end uses for ILI technologies in the heavy-wall subsea applications often put a premium on low limits of detection for purposes of gauging time-dependent growth of internal wall loss rather than for fitness for service assessments. The test samples associated with the current study considers both. Post run ILI performance verification via external NDE, as is often employed for onshore applications, is prohibitively expensive for offshore applications. Thus, a high confidence in the ILI tool performance is required prior to run execution. This often drives project specific ILI performance testing and verification via an onshore pull testing as described herein. The seven categories from the Pipeline Operators Forum (POF), with an emphasis on external integrity condition performance, do not address the reasons pipeline operators may require project-specific, large-scale testing in advance of deployment. PRCI commissioned the SPIM-1-6 project to provide guidance on the design of ILI test samples for both training and blind validation purposes. It is envisioned that a standardized design process will lead to resource sharing between operators and ILI providers.
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Committee on Toxicology. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) In Regulatory Risk Assessment Workshop Report 2020- Exploring Dose Response. Food Standards Agency, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cha679.

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The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) held an “Exploring Dose Response” workshop in a multidisciplinary setting inviting regulatory agencies, government bodies, academia and industry. The workshop provided a platform from which to address and enable expert discussions on the latest in silico prediction models, new approach methodologies (NAMs), physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), future methodologies, integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) as well as methodology validation. Using a series of presentations from external experts and case study (plastic particles, polymers, tropane alkaloids, selective androgen receptor modulators) discussions, the workshop outlined and explored an approach that is fit for purpose applied to future human health risk assessment in the context of food safety. Furthermore, possible future research opportunities were explored to establish points of departure (PODs) using non-animal alternative models and to improve the use of exposure metrics in risk assessment.
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Kimble, Tyron. PR-575-183603-R01 Performance of External Profiling Inspection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011553.

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Previous efforts have shown that the laser/light based NDE systems do generally provide sufficiently accurate measurements for validating MFL ILI. However, the specific samples studied lack metrics associated with large metal loss areas or areas of interacting metal loss. It is generally accepted that the performance would deteriorate in such conditions, but a comprehensive evaluation has not been performed. This project aims to provide an insight into the performance of these technologies as pertaining to the measurement of larger or interacting areas of metal loss on pipelines.
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Lynk, John. PR-610-163756-WEB Material Strength Verification. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011573.

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DATE: Tuesday, April 30, 2019 TIME: 11:00 a.m. ET CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Join the PRCI Integrity and Inspection technical committee for a pipeline operator driven discussion regarding PRCI research related to non-destructive technologies for the purpose of pipe material verification and how operators have applied this research in the field. This webinar will include; research project overview, operator case studies and analysis of current technology gaps. Panelists: Mark Piazza, Manager Pipeline Compliance and R and D, Colonial Pipeline Company Mike Kern, Director of Gas Transmission Engineering, National Grid Oliver Burkinshaw, Senior Materials Engineer, ROSEN Simon Bellemare, Founder and CEO of Massachusetts Materials Technologies John Lynk, Program Manager, Integrity and Inspection and Subsea Technical Committees, PRCI Expected Benefits/Learning Outcomes: - In-ditch non-destructive evaluation for material yield strength that has been utilized on in-service lines to confirm incomplete records of pipe grades and/or to evaluate acquired assets - How the data has been utilized to collect opportunistic data as part of external corrosion direct assessments to provide a basis for maximum allowable operating pressure, as well as prioritizing and setting criteria for further inspection and potential capital projects. - The ability to differentiate specific manufacturing processes, such as low frequency and high frequency electro-resistance welded longitudinal seams, have been successfully applied on a number of pipeline integrity projects - Enhancement of inline inspection technologies combined with verification digs have demonstrated the potential to apply pipe joint specific strength data in fitness-for-service, as opposed to lower minimum values set by pipe grade or by nominal conservative assumptions. Who should attend: - Pipeline integrity engineers, specialists and management - Pipe materials specialists Recommended pre-reading: PR-610-163756-R01 Hardness Stength and Ductility (HSD) Testing of Line Pipes Initial Validation Testing Phase I PR-335-173816-MV Validation of insitu Methods for Material Property Determination CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK Not able to attend? Register anyway to automatically receive a link to the webinar recording to view on-demand at your convenience.
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