Relevant bibliographies by topics / External validity bias

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'External validity bias'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "External validity bias"

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Lei, Yang, James C. Bezdek, Simone Romano, Nguyen Xuan Vinh, Jeffrey Chan, and James Bailey. "Ground truth bias in external cluster validity indices." Pattern Recognition 65 (May 2017): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.12.003.

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Andrews, Isaiah, and Emily Oster. "A simple approximation for evaluating external validity bias." Economics Letters 178 (May 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.02.020.

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Cipriani, Andrea, Marianna Purgato, and Corrado Barbui. "Why internal and external validity of experimental studies are relevant for clinical practice?" Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 2 (2009): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000968.

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In randomised controlled trials (RCTs) there are two types of validity: internal validity and external validity. Internal validity refers to the extent to which the observed difference between groups can be correctly attributed to the intervention under investigation. In other words, it is the extent to which the design and conduct of the trial eliminate error. Internal validity might be threatened by two types of errors: systematic error (also called bias) and chance error (also called random error or statistical error) (Keirse & Hanssens, 2000. Systematic error, or bias, may be the conse
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Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose, Eleanor Hayes-Larson, and Hailey Banack. "Who’s in and Who’s Out? Selection Bias in Aging Research." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2998.

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Abstract Selection bias presents a major threat to both internal and external validity in aging research. “Selection bias” refers to sample selection processes that lead to statistical associations in the study sample that are biased estimates of causal effects in the population of interest. These processes can lead to: (1) results that do not generalize to the population of interest (threat to external validity) or (2) biased effect estimates (associations that do not represent causal effects for any population, including the people in the sample; a threat to internal validity). In this prese
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Moore, Randall P., and W. Douglas Robinson. "ARTIFICIAL BIRD NESTS, EXTERNAL VALIDITY, AND BIAS IN ECOLOGICAL FIELD STUDIES." Ecology 85, no. 6 (2004): 1562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0088.

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Bell, Stephen H., Robert B. Olsen, Larry L. Orr, and Elizabeth A. Stuart. "Estimates of External Validity Bias When Impact Evaluations Select Sites Nonrandomly." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 38, no. 2 (2016): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373715617549.

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Khorsan, Raheleh, and Cindy Crawford. "External Validity and Model Validity: A Conceptual Approach for Systematic Review Methodology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/694804.

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Background. Evidence rankings do not consider equally internal (IV), external (EV), and model validity (MV) for clinical studies including complementary and alternative medicine/integrative health care (CAM/IHC) research. This paper describe this model and offers an EV assessment tool (EVAT©) for weighing studies according to EV and MV in addition to IV.Methods. An abbreviated systematic review methodology was employed to search, assemble, and evaluate the literature that has been published on EV/MV criteria. Standard databases were searched for keywords relating to EV, MV, and bias-scoring fr
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He, Yuanda, Qi Zhou, Sheng Lin, and Liping Zhao. "Validity Evaluation Method Based on Data Driving for On-Line Monitoring Data of Transformer under DC-Bias." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154321.

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The DC-bias monitoring device of a transformer is easily affected by external noise interference, equipment aging, and communication failure, which makes it difficult to guarantee the validity of monitoring data and causes great problems for future data analysis. For this reason, this paper proposes a validity evaluation method based on data driving for the on-line monitoring data of a transformer under DC-bias. First, the variation rule and threshold range of monitoring data for neutral point DC, vibration, and noise of the transformer under different working conditions are obtained through s
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Huddleston, R. Joseph. "Think Ahead: Cost Discounting and External Validity in Foreign Policy Survey Experiments." Journal of Experimental Political Science 6, no. 02 (2018): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2018.22.

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AbstractThis paper considers the implications of construal level theory in the context of survey experiments probing foreign policy opinion formation. Psychology research demonstrates that people discount the long-term consequences of decisions, thinking about distal or hypothetical events more abstractly than immediate scenarios. I argue that this tendency introduces a bias into survey experiments on foreign policy opinion. Respondents reasoning about an impending military engagement are likelier to consider its costs than are those reasoning in the abstract hypothetical environment. I provid
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Larrabee, Glenn J. "Performance Validity and Symptom Validity in Neuropsychological Assessment." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 4 (2012): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617712000240.

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AbstractFailure to evaluate the validity of an examinee's neuropsychological test performance can alter prediction of external criteria in research investigations, and in the individual case, result in inaccurate conclusions about the degree of impairment resulting from neurological disease or injury. The terms performance validity referring to validity of test performance (PVT), and symptom validity referring to validity of symptom report (SVT), are suggested to replace less descriptive terms such as effort or response bias. Research is reviewed demonstrating strong diagnostic discrimination
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "External validity bias"

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Natter, Martin, and Markus Feurstein. "Correcting for CBC model bias. A hybrid scanner data - conjoint model." SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/880/1/document.pdf.

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Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) models are often used for pricing decisions, especially when scanner data models cannot be applied. Up to date, it is unclear how Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) models perform in terms of forecasting real-world shop data. In this contribution, we measure the performance of a Latent Class CBC model not by means of an experimental hold-out sample but via aggregate scanner data. We find that the CBC model does not accurately predict real-world market shares, thus leading to wrong pricing decisions. In order to improve its forecasting performance, we propose a correction s
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"Assessment of bias, inter-rater reliability, and external validity in the use of mobile phone surveys for monitoring bed net coverage and use indicators in Tanzania." Tulane University, 2020.

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archives@tulane.edu<br>Introduction: Mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is a core malaria prevention strategy that has proven to be efficacious and cost-effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Monitoring ITN coverage, use, and access has relied on household surveys which are expensive and time consuming. Recently, mobile phone survey (MPS) methodologies have emerged as a comparatively inexpensive alternative to large scale population-based household surveys and are becoming increasingly attractive considering the rapid growth trend of mobile phone ownership in L
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Books on the topic "External validity bias"

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Elwood, Mark. Selection of subjects for study. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0005.

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This chapter discussed principles of subject selection and defines target, source, eligible, entrant and participant populations. Selection issues and selection bias may affect internal validity, external validity, and modify the hypothesis being tested. It shows methods to reduce selection biases and to define participation rate and response rate. Principles for the selection of the exposed or test group and the comparison groups are shown for all studies. In randomised trials, intention-to-treat analysis, contamination, blinding, data monitoring, stopping rules, the CONSORT format, and trial
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Elwood, Mark. The diagnosis of causation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0010.

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This chapter brings the book together, showing the overall scheme of assessment of causation for one study or in many studies, based on 20 questions in five sections. The scheme includes describing the key features of the study; then assessing observation bias, confounding, and chance variation. The chapter presents the consideration of the positive features of causation: the Bradford Hill guidelines of time relationship, strength, dose-response, consistency, and specificity, leading to an assessment of internal validity. External validity (generalisability) relates to the eligible, source, an
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Elwood, Mark. Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.001.0001.

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This book presents a system of critical appraisal applicable to clinical, epidemiological and public health studies and to many other fields. It assumes no prior knowledge. The methods are relevant to students, practitioners and policymakers. The book shows how to assess if the results of one study or of many studies show a causal effect. The book discusses study designs: randomised and non-randomised trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys, showing the presentation of results including person-time and survival analysis, and issues in the selection of subjects. The system sho
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Elwood, Mark. Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials. 5th ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198911258.001.0001.

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Abstract This book presents a system of critical appraisal applicable to clinical, epidemiological, and public health studies and to many other fields. It assumes no prior knowledge. The methods are relevant to students, practitioners, and policymakers. The book shows how to assess if the results of one study or of many studies show a causal effect. It discusses study designs: randomized and nonrandomized trials, cohort studies, case–control studies, and surveys, showing the presentation of results including person-time and survival analysis, and issues in the selection of subjects. The system
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Book chapters on the topic "External validity bias"

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Van Gennip Elisabeth M.S.J. "Approaches to Experimental Design." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-861-8-75.

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In case a working prototype exists, or even a product, effects of the information technology can be assessed &amp;ldquo;in real life&amp;rdquo;. Such an assessment in &amp;ldquo;real life&amp;rdquo; can be done with an experiment. This contribution describes how to design an experiment and how to prevent pitfalls, introduced by various causes of bias. In this respect internal validity and external validity are distinguished. It is concluded that the best study design depends on the focus and the boundary conditions in each individual setting. As a general rule it is recommended to consider all
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Hadavand, Aboozar. "A Framework for Evaluating Causal Studies." In Cause, Effect, and Everything in Between. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197801819.003.0007.

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Abstract Chapter 7 provides guidelines for assessing the validity and reliability of causal studies found in scientific literature and media. It emphasizes the need to distinguish between causal and correlational claims by scrutinizing the language used in the study. The chapter outlines key steps, including identifying treatment and outcome variables, checking for confounding bias, ensuring statistical significance, and evaluating the representativeness of the study sample. It highlights the importance of using causal graphs to identify noncausal paths and block them by controlling for confou
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Elwood, Mark. "Selection of subjects for study." In Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, 5th ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198911258.003.0005.

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Abstract:
Abstract This chapter discusses the principles of subject selection and defines target, source, eligible, entrant, and participant populations. Selection issues and selection bias may affect internal validity and external validity, and can modify the hypothesis being tested. Methods to reduce selection biases and to define participation rate and response rate are shown. Principles for the selection of the exposed or test group and the comparison groups are shown for all studies. Use of intention-to-treat analysis, contamination, blinding, data monitoring, stopping rules, the Consolidated Stand
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4

Elwood, Mark. "The diagnosis of causation." In Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, 5th ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198911258.003.0010.

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Abstract:
Abstract This chapter brings the book together, showing the overall scheme of assessment of causation for one study or in many studies, based on 20 questions in five sections. The scheme includes describing the key features of the study, then assessing observation bias, confounding, and chance variation. The chapter presents the consideration of the positive features of causation: the Bradford Hill guidelines of time relationship, strength, dose–response, consistency, and specificity, leading to an assessment of internal validity. External validity (generalizability) relates to the eligible, s
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5

Little, Julian. "Ascertainment, registration, and assessment of exposure." In Epidemiology and Control of Neural Tube Defects. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192618849.003.0003.

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Abstract The descriptive epidemiology of congenital anomalies is influenced not only by true variations in the occurrence of anomalies by time, place, and person but also by variations in the completeness of case finding and recording. In theory, it should be sufficient that there is no bias in ascertainment; in practice, this requires demonstration that ascertainment is as complete as possible. In analytical studies, the problems of interpretation posed by incomplete ascertainment differ between case-control and cohort studies. In case-control studies, the opportunity for bias of ascertainmen
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