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Journal articles on the topic 'Extinct species'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kyne, Peter M., and Vanessa M. Adams. "Extinct flagships: linking extinct and threatened species." Oryx 51, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000041.

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AbstractDespite much effort to promote the conservation and recovery of threatened species, the extent of the current list of threatened vertebrates (> 7,600 species) underscores the need to develop novel communication and marketing tools to raise awareness and funding for their conservation. Although flagship species have been widely used in conservation marketing, the flagship role of extinct species has been largely overlooked and the status of lost species is rarely associated with the status of extant species facing a high risk of extinction. Some extinct species (e.g. the dodo Raphus cucullatus and the thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus) are cultural and commercial icons and therefore familiar, and may appeal to the public as conservation flagships. We propose a wider use of extinct flagships to raise awareness for the conservation of threatened species by making a direct link between already extinct species and extant species at risk of extinction. We present examples of publicly recognized and iconic extinct species that could be used in marketing for the conservation of threatened species. These extinct species are familiar and may be readily linked to threatened species or species groups. We outline a roadmap for testing their appeal under the extinct flagship concept, through market research. If research identifies that a cognitive link is made between the fate of an extinct species (i.e. they went extinct from human causes) and what may happen to threatened species (i.e. they are at risk of extinction from human causes), extinct species may well have a wider role to play as conservation flagships.

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2

Moore, Peter D. "Quarrying for extinct species." Nature 331, no. 6156 (February 1988): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331482a0.

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3

Thomas, Patrick R. "Preservation of an extinct species." Zoo Biology 17, no. 1 (1998): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1998)17:1<37::aid-zoo5>3.0.co;2-b.

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4

Oksanen, Markku, and Timo Vuorisalo. "De-extinct species as wildlife." TRACE ∴ Journal for Human-Animal Studies 3 (April 24, 2017): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23984/fjhas.59487.

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The concept of wildlife embodies two sources of controversy regarding de-extinct animals. First, the multifaceted dependence of these animals on humans; and second, the property rights to de-extinct animals. Both provide reasons for not counting them as wildlife. A subsequent question is, however, whether we should maintain this divide or allow the boundaries to blur. If we aim to maintain it, we end up trying to stop a process that is evolving rapidly and difficult to curb by legal means. If we relinquish these boundaries, we give up customary cultural models and related cultural practices. In biology, the divide between domestic and wild species is usually considered arbitrary and the degree of synanthropy (degree of association with humans) to present a continuum. Still, wildlife is normally defined through the notion of domestication: those animals that are not domesticated are wildlife. De-extinction turns the setting upside down: the de-extinct animals would normally be classified as domesticated, since they are generated by human action and could be owned as private property, but the problem is that they are not intended as domestic – de-extinct animals are ultimately created to be wildlife. Thus the concept of wildlife calls for refinement so as to allow their inclusion. We present a classification of animal species based both on their degree of synanthropy and the complex ownership issues. It appears that de-extinct species would probably initially represent species with a low synanthropy index but a high need for human care, but might later evolve into “real” wildlife in the strict sense of the term.

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5

Anmarkrud, Jarl A., and Jan T. Lifjeld. "Complete mitochondrial genomes of eleven extinct or possibly extinct bird species." Molecular Ecology Resources 17, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12600.

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6

Shea, John J. "Neanderthal news: Extinct species exhibits variability." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 20, no. 5 (September 2011): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.20322.

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7

Lees, Alexander C., and Stuart L. Pimm. "Species, extinct before we know them?" Current Biology 25, no. 5 (March 2015): R177—R180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.017.

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8

Lees, Alexander C., and Stuart L. Pimm. "Species, extinct before we know them?" Current Biology 25, no. 7 (March 2015): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.001.

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9

Vignieri, Sacha. "Revealing behavioral secrets in extinct species." Science 372, no. 6542 (May 6, 2021): 584.5–585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6542.584-e.

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10

Greenwald, Noah, Kieran F. Suckling, Brett Hartl, and Loyal A. Mehrhoff. "Extinction and the U.S. Endangered Species Act." PeerJ 7 (April 22, 2019): e6803. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6803.

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The U.S. Endangered Species Act is one of the strongest laws of any nation for preventing species extinction, but quantifying the Act’s effectiveness has proven difficult. To provide one measure of effectiveness, we identified listed species that have gone extinct and used previously developed methods to update an estimate of the number of species extinctions prevented by the Act. To date, only four species have been confirmed extinct with another 22 possibly extinct following protection. Another 71 listed species are extinct or possibly extinct, but were last seen before protections were enacted, meaning the Act’s protections never had the opportunity to save these species. In contrast, a total of 39 species have been fully recovered, including 23 in the last 10 years. We estimate the Endangered Species Act has prevented the extinction of roughly 291 species since passage in 1973, and has to date saved more than 99% of species under its protection.

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11

Frahm, Jan-Peter. "Campylopus extinctus n. sp. (Musci, Dicranaceae), an Apparently Extinct Species from Brazil." Bryologist 99, no. 2 (1996): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3244552.

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12

Stuckas, Heiko, Richard Gemel, and Uwe Fritz. "One Extinct Turtle Species Less: Pelusios seychellensis Is Not Extinct, It Never Existed." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2013): e57116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057116.

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13

Smith, Brian Tilston, Marcelo Gehara, and Michael G. Harvey. "The demography of extinction in eastern North American birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1944 (February 3, 2021): 20201945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1945.

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Species are being lost at an unprecedented rate during the Anthropocene. Progress has been made in clarifying how species traits influence their propensity to go extinct, but the role historical demography plays in species loss or persistence is unclear. In eastern North America, five charismatic landbirds went extinct last century, and the causes of their extinctions have been heavily debated. Although these extinctions are most often attributed to post-colonial human activity, other factors such as declining ancestral populations prior to European colonization could have made these species particularly susceptible. We used population genomic data from these extinct birds and compared them with those from four codistributed extant species. We found extinct species harboured lower genetic diversity and effective population sizes than extant species, but both extinct and non-extinct birds had similar demographic histories of population expansion. These demographic patterns are consistent with population size changes associated with glacial–interglacial cycles. The lack of support for overall population declines during the Pleistocene corroborates the view that, although species that went extinct may have been vulnerable due to low diversity or small population size, their disappearance was driven by human activities in the Anthropocene.

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14

Serrano, Miguel, Jaime Pereña Ortiz, and Manuel Becerra Parra. "Presencia y estado de conservación de Jasione corymbosa Poir. ex Schult. (Campanulaceae) en la Península Ibérica." Acta Botanica Malacitana 34 (December 1, 2009): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v34i0.6944.

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Presence and conservation status of Jasione corymbosa Poir. ex Schult. (Campanulaceae) in the Iberian PeninsulaPalabras clave. UICN, especie extinta, población remanente, Mediterráneo, flora amenazada.Key words. IUCN, extinct species, extant population, Mediterranean, threatened flora.

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15

Penedo, Thiago Serrano de Almeida, Miguel d'Ávila de Moraes, Rafael Augusto Xavier Borges, Daniel Maurenza, Diogo Marcilio Judice, and Gustavo Martinelli. "Considerations on extinct species of Brazilian flora." Rodriguésia 66, no. 3 (September 2015): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566304.

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16

SANDLER, RONALD. "The Ethics of Reviving Long Extinct Species." Conservation Biology 28, no. 2 (December 20, 2013): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12198.

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17

Trask, Amanda, Stefano Canessa, Axel Moehrenschlager, Scott Newland, Suzanne Medina, and John Ewen. "Extinct-in-the-wild species' last stand." Science 369, no. 6503 (July 30, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd4560.

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18

Heller, Krzysztof. "„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?" Plant Breeding and Seed Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-010-0010-x.

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„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland? The results of a research on segetal weed communities in fibre flax in Poland are presented, with respect to different regions of cultivation, and changes in the level of infestation during the past forty years. Observations on composition and abundance of weed infestations were made in fields in six experimental farms at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. The observations conducted in the period 1967-2008 did not show the occurrence of weed species from the group of so-called "flax specialists": Lolium remotum Schrank, Spergula arvensis L. subsp. maxima (Weiche) O. Schwarz, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. and Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Ex Boenn. In Poland, weed populations in fibre flax consist of species typical for cereals and root crops: Chenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media Vill., Lamium amplexicaule L., Thlaspi arvense L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Polygonum nodosum Pers.

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19

Williams, Paul H., Alexandr Byvaltsev, Cory Sheffield, and Pierre Rasmont. "Bombus cullumanus—an extinct European bumblebee species?" Apidologie 44, no. 2 (August 17, 2012): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-012-0161-x.

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20

Ferreira, C. E. L., J. L. Gasparini, A. Carvalho-Filho, and S. R. Floeter. "A recently extinct parrotfish species from Brazil." Coral Reefs 24, no. 1 (December 18, 2004): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-004-0459-x.

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21

Leitze, Annette Ricks, Stephanie Hodge, Danielle Houser, and Clint Mathews. "Endangered species." Teaching Children Mathematics 25, no. 3 (November 2018): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.25.3.0142.

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Animals that are at risk of becoming extinct are called endangered species. They can be very large animals, like a polar bear, or very small, like a monarch butterfly. Learn about several different endangered species by engaging in these math activities.

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22

Stewart, Alistair. "Responding to the Plight of Species and Landscapes." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 30, no. 1 (July 2014): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2014.36.

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Have you heard of the White-footed Rabbit Rat, or the Christmas Island Pipistrelle? The White-footed Rabbit Rat was thought to be widespread in south-east Australia but became extinct within 3 decades of European colonisation (Tzaros, 2005). The Christmas Island Pipistrelle, a micro bat, is probably the most recent species to become extinct in Australia (Flannery, 2012).

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23

Simpson, Michael G., Jon P. Rebman, Kristen E. Hasenstab-Lehman, C. Matt Guilliams, and Patrick O. McConnell. "Cryptantha wigginsii (Boraginaceae): A Presumed Extinct Species Rediscovered." Madroño 60, no. 1 (January 2013): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.1.24.

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24

Jackson, Stephen M., and Richard W. Thorington. "Gliding Mammals: Taxonomy of Living and Extinct Species." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 638 (2012): 1–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.638.1.

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25

GIORDANO, BEVERLY P. "Trauma centers could be the next extinct species." AORN Journal 60, no. 4 (October 1994): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)63289-x.

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26

TEDESCO, P. A., R. BIGORNE, A. E. BOGAN, X. GIAM, C. JÉZÉQUEL, and B. HUGUENY. "Estimating How Many Undescribed Species Have Gone Extinct." Conservation Biology 28, no. 5 (March 28, 2014): 1360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12285.

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27

Koren, Lee, Devorah Matas, Patrícia Pečnerová, Love Dalén, Alexei Tikhonov, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards, and Eli Geffen. "Testosterone in ancient hair from an extinct species." Palaeontology 61, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pala.12391.

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28

Vogel, Gretchen. "Ancient DNA reveals tryst between extinct human species." Science 361, no. 6404 (August 23, 2018): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.361.6404.737.

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29

Staccioli,, G., and G. Bartolini. "New biomarkers of the extinct species Taxodioxylon gypsaceum." Wood Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (August 26, 1997): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050038.

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30

Roycroft, Emily, Anna J. MacDonald, Craig Moritz, Adnan Moussalli, Roberto Portela Miguez, and Kevin C. Rowe. "Museum genomics reveals the rapid decline and extinction of Australian rodents since European settlement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 27 (June 28, 2021): e2021390118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021390118.

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Australia has the highest historically recorded rate of mammalian extinction in the world, with 34 terrestrial species declared extinct since European colonization in 1788. Among Australian mammals, rodents have been the most severely affected by these recent extinctions; however, given a sparse historical record, the scale and timing of their decline remain unresolved. Using museum specimens up to 184 y old, we generate genomic-scale data from across the entire assemblage of Australian hydromyine rodents (i.e., eight extinct species and their 42 living relatives). We reconstruct a phylogenomic tree for these species spanning ∼5.2 million years, revealing a cumulative total of 10 million years (>10%) of unique evolutionary history lost to extinction within the past ∼150 y. We find no evidence for reduced genetic diversity in extinct species just prior to or during decline, indicating that their extinction was extremely rapid. This suggests that populations of extinct Australian rodents were large prior to European colonization, and that genetic diversity does not necessarily protect species from catastrophic extinction. In addition, comparative analyses suggest that body size and biome interact to predict extinction and decline, with larger species more likely to go extinct. Finally, we taxonomically resurrect a species from extinction, Gould’s mouse (Pseudomys gouldii Waterhouse, 1839), which survives as an island population in Shark Bay, Western Australia (currently classified as Pseudomys fieldi Waite, 1896). With unprecedented sampling across a radiation of extinct and living species, we unlock a previously inaccessible historical perspective on extinction in Australia. Our results highlight the capacity of collections-based research to inform conservation and management of persisting species.

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31

Iskandar, Andri, M. Muslim, Andri Hendriana, and W. Wiyoto. "Jenis-Jenis Ikan Indonesia yang Kritis dan Terancam Punah." Jurnal Sains Terapan 10, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.10.1.53-59.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia has a high diversity of fish species. Some fish species are critical and endangered. Information on Indonesian native and endemic fish species needs to be disseminated to the public. Such information is available in various sources and is generally in a foreign language. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to inventory and distribute information about several species of fish native to Indonesian public waters that need special attention because they are endangered and critically endangered. Species of fish, especially species that have been critically endangered, do not rule out turning into extinct in the wild (extinct in the wild). The decline in the status of the above from vulnerable (vulnerable) to endangered (endangered) and critical (critically endangered) or even become extinct in the wild (extinct in the wild) caused by various factors, including the existence of fisheries activities that tend to exploit natural resources without offset by conservation activities and increasing pollution of water conditions. With this information, it is expected to anticipate the extinction of these species. The study was conducted using the literature study method. Based on the search results, there were 22 endangered fish species and 15 critically endangered fish species. The Indonesian government has designated 20 protected fish species. Domestication of endangered and critical species is urgent to do, to prevent the extinction of these species. ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki keanekaragaman spesies ikan yang tinggi. Beberapa spesies ikan sudah kritis dan terancam punah. Informasi jenis-jenis ikan asli dan endemik Indonesia perlu diserbarluaskan ke masyarakat. Informasi tersebut terdapat diberbagai sumber dan umumnya berbahasa asing. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisasi dan mendistribusikan informasi tentang beberapa spesies ikan asli penghuni perairan umum Indonesia yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena berstatus terancam punah (endangered) dan kritis (critically endangered). Spesies-spesies ikan tersebut terutama spesies yang sudah berstatus kritis terancam punah, tidak menutup kemungkinan berubah menjadi punah di alam liar (extinct in the wild). Terjadinya penurunan status diatas dari rentan (vulnerable) ke terancam punah (endangered) dan kritis (critically endangered) atau bahkan menjadi punah di alam liar (extinctin the wild) disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor, diantaranya adanya kegiatan perikanan yang cenderung mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam tanpa diimbangi dengan kegiatan konservasi serta meningkatnya pencemaran terhadap kondisi perairan. Dengan adanya informasi ini diharapkan dapat melakukan antisipasi pencegahan kepunahan spesies tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran, diperoleh 22 spesies ikan yang terancam punah (endangered) dan 15 spesies ikan yang sudah kritis (critically endangered). Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan 20 spesies ikan yang dilindungi. Domestikasi spesies-spesies yang terancam punah dan kritis sudah mendesak untuk dilakukan, untuk mencegah kepunahan spesies tersebut.

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32

Wichard, Wilfried, and Christian Neumann. "A new bizarre dysoneurid species (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Burmese amber." Fossil Record 22, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-51-2019.

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Abstract. We describe an extinct caddisfly species, Cretapsyche palpinova sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The species belongs to the extinct family Dysoneuridae within the superfamily Sericostomatoidea. The family includes some species with unusual maxillary palps. Cretapsyche palpinova sp. nov. is characterized by five-segmented maxillary palps, the second segment being the longest, and the third segment bearing an unusual pin-shaped appendage.

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33

Fletcher, Amy. "Genuine fakes: Cloning extinct species as science and spectacle." Politics and the Life Sciences 29, no. 1 (March 2010): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/29_1_48.

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This case study of the Australian Museum's Thylacine Cloning Project analyzes a frame dispute that emerged during public communication of a scientific project, which lasted from 1999 to 2005, and was premised on the idea of resurrecting an extinct species. In choosing the Tasmanian tiger—an iconic Australian marsupial officially declared extinct in 1986—the promoters of the cloning project ensured extensive media coverage. However, the popular and scientific attention generated by the idea of bringing back an extinct species challenged the Museum's efforts to frame the project in terms of scientific progress. The project repeatedly shifted from science to spectacle, as multiple stakeholders used the mass media to negotiate the scientific feasibility of trying to reverse extinction through the application of advanced biotechnology. The case study findings are relevant both to the emerging social issues surrounding the use of paleogenomics in wildlife conservation, and to the theoretical development of frame analysis as applied to scientific controversies.

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34

Sinkevičienė, Zofija. "Caldesia Parnassifolia – not extinct in Lithuania." Botanica Lithuanica 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2016-0004.

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Abstract Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl. is a “near threatened” species in Europe and it has been treated as extinct in Lithuania, the latest gathering dating back to 1957. Occurring there at the northern border of its range, this species was recorded only once at the beginning of the 19th century and twice in separate localities in the middle of the 20th century. In summer 2015, after an interval of almost 60 years, C. parnassifolia was found in a new locality, more than 100 km north of those previously known. A very abundant population composed of vegetative and flowering (turion forming) individuals was spread over about 3.5 ha area in Lake Rūžas, known as a unique Lithuanian habitat of Aldrovanda vesiculosa. C. parnassifolia formed almost monodominant stands along swampy shores and less abundantly occurred in communities of floating leaved species (mainly Nuphar luteum and Potamogeton natans) at a depth of 0.5–1 m. It is likely that implemented measures to improve the habitat condition for A. vesiculosa were favourable for the appearance of C. parnassifolia.

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35

Van Den Elzen, Courtney L., Elizabeth J. Kleynhans, and Sarah P. Otto. "Asymmetric competition impacts evolutionary rescue in a changing environment." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1857 (June 21, 2017): 20170374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0374.

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Interspecific competition can strongly influence the evolutionary response of a species to a changing environment, impacting the chance that the species survives or goes extinct. Previous work has shown that when two species compete for a temporally shifting resource distribution, the species lagging behind the resource peak is the first to go extinct due to competitive exclusion. However, this work assumed symmetrically distributed resources and competition. Asymmetries can generate differences between species in population sizes, genetic variation and trait means. We show that asymmetric resource availability or competition can facilitate coexistence and even occasionally cause the leading species to go extinct first. Surprisingly, we also find cases where traits evolve in the opposite direction to the changing environment because of a ‘vacuum of competitive release’ created when the lagging species declines in number. Thus, the species exhibiting the slowest rate of trait evolution is not always the most likely to go extinct in a changing environment. Our results demonstrate that the extent to which species appear to be tracking environmental change and the extent to which they are preadapted to that change may not necessarily determine which species will be the winners and which will be the losers in a rapidly changing world.

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36

Jiménez, Randall, and Gilbert Alvarado. "Craugastor escoces (Anura: Craugastoridae) reappears after 30 years: rediscovery of an “extinct” Neotropical frog." Amphibia-Reptilia 38, no. 2 (2017): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003102.

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We report the rediscovery of a declared extinct frog,Craugastor escoces, at the edge of a protected forest in the Juan Castro Blanco National Park, Alajuela, Costa Rica. This species, which is endemic to Costa Rica, had not been observed since 1986. The rediscovery of this species comes after 30 years without being seen and 12 years of being declared extinct. The site where we found the species is located in the west of the central mountain region of Costa Rica, which is >15 km away from its known distribution. Our finding adds another species to the list of the few rediscovered frogs declared extinct. Knowing thatC. escocescan still be found triggers the need for conservation strategies to help the species survive.

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37

Kiew, R., and J. P. C. Tan. "A REVISION OF JASMINUM (OLEACEAE) IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE, WITH CONSERVATION ASSESSMENTS." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 77, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 337–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428620000037.

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The species of Jasminum Tourn. ex L. (Oleaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia are revised. Eighteen species are recognised, of which eight are endemic. Five of these species have been recorded from Singapore. A key to species is provided, all names are typified, and all species are described. Conservation assessments are given for all species in Peninsular Malaysia. One species is Extinct in Peninsular Malaysia, eleven are Endangered and one is Data Deficient. Jasminum shahii Kiew is described as a new species. In Singapore, two species are certainly Extinct.

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38

Rózsa, Lajos, and Zoltán Vas. "Co-extinct and critically co-endangered species of parasitic lice, and conservation-induced extinction: should lice be reintroduced to their hosts?" Oryx 49, no. 1 (August 22, 2014): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000628.

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AbstractThe co-extinction of parasitic taxa and their host species is considered a common phenomenon in the current global extinction crisis. However, information about the conservation status of parasitic taxa is scarce. We present a global list of co-extinct and critically co-endangered parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), based on published data on their host-specificity and their hosts’ conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. We list six co-extinct and 40 (possibly 41) critically co-endangered species. Additionally, we recognize 2–4 species that went extinct as a result of conservation efforts to save their hosts. Conservationists should consider preserving host-specific lice as part of their efforts to save species.

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39

Esteban, Marisa, Jacques Castanet, and Borja Sanchiz. "Inferring age and growth from remains of fossil and predated Recent anurans: a test case using skeletochronology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 1689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-098.

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Large amounts of vertebrate remains regurgitated by owls are potentially available for continuous monitoring of predated populations, without human interference or the need to sacrifice any specimens. Presumably, Pleistocene and Holocene fossil microvertebrate assemblages found in caves or shelters are also principally the result of predation by nocturnal birds. Our study tests, for the first time, the standard skeletochronological technique on such prey remains. We analyse two Spanish samples from the genus Discoglossus (Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae), a living population of D. galganoi (n = 65 individuals) predated by the European Barn Owl, Tyto alba, and a Pliocene-Pleistocene sample of an extinct species (n = 22) presumably predated by Tyto balearica, a closely related ancestor of T. alba. The histological peculiarities and alterations found in bones of both samples are described, but the results indicate that, in general, this type of material is suitable for skeletochronological applications. In the living population, both size and longevity were greater than previously recorded for the species. For both samples, size and age are positively, though weakly, correlated. Comparisons by age-class show that the extinct species is larger than the living one, particularly for 4- and 5-year-old individuals. Growth rates in juveniles (or larvae) of the extinct species should have been slightly higher than in the living species, with similar growth rates after the third year. Recorded longevity is higher in the extinct species. All these life-history traits support a distinct taxonomic status for the extinct Balearic Discoglossus species.

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Lalthanzara, H. "A systematic list of mammals of Mizoram, India." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.06.

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A comprehensive systematic list of wild mammals of the state of Mizoram, northeast India, has been collated from historical records, primary and secondary information by incorporating reliable data after personal interview with elderly prominent hunters. A total of 126 species of wild mammals belonging to 32 families under 11 orders, including 8 primate species, 14 herbivores with angulates, among carnivores - 3 ursids, 2 canids, 8 felids, 19 lesser carnivores; and 5 fossoreal, 9 arboreal, 22 rodents, 35 chiropterans and 1 aquatic mammal are listed. Bats (Chiroptera) formed the largest group (28%) with 35 species under 7 families followed by carnivores (25%) with 32 species and rodents (24%) with 30 species. Furthermore, Cetacea, Proboscidae, Scandentia and Pholidota orders were represented by a single species each. The rats and mice family Muridae formed the biggest family with 16 species followed by the vesper bats family Vespertilionidae with 14 species. The list contains three critically endangered species including two locally extinct species, eight endangered species including two locally extinct species, 18 vulnerable species including one locally extinct species and 8 near-threatened species, i.e. a total of 37 threatened species. The list also provides the vernacular name, common English name and scientific name of each species, local status, IUCN (2016-3) threatened category, WPA schedule and CITES appendix were given. Five species were considered as locally extinct; habitat destruction and poaching being the major cause, and therefore, immediate conservative measures are suggested.

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Wright, Timothy F. "Vanished and Vanishing Parrots: Profiling Extinct and Endangered Species." Condor 120, no. 4 (November 2018): 889–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/condor-18-145.1.

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Costello, M. J., R. M. May, and N. E. Stork. "Can We Name Earth's Species Before They Go Extinct?" Science 339, no. 6118 (January 24, 2013): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1230318.

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Vermeij, Geerat J. "Biogeography of Recently Extinct Marine Species: Implications for Conservation." Conservation Biology 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07020391.x.

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Kenyon, Kay A., and Martin R. Kalfatovic. "Ambitious new CD-ROM on endangered and extinct species." Zoo Biology 15, no. 2 (1996): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1996)15:2<195::aid-zoo11>3.0.co;2-c.

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Fox, Jeffrey L. "Should Microbiologists Mourn Lost Commensals when Species Go Extinct?" Microbe Magazine 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.4.158.1.

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CAMPBELL, DAVID C., PAUL D. JOHNSON, JAMES D. WILLIAMS, ANDREW K. RINDSBERG, JEANNE M. SERB, KORY K. SMALL, and CHARLES LYDEARD. "Identification of ‘extinct’ freshwater mussel species using DNA barcoding." Molecular Ecology Resources 8, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02108.x.

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Hughes, Austin L. "The quagga case: Molecular evolution of an extinct species." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 3, no. 5 (May 1988): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(88)90114-0.

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Garrick, Ryan C., Edgar Benavides, Michael A. Russello, James P. Gibbs, Nikos Poulakakis, Kirstin B. Dion, Chaz Hyseni, et al. "Genetic rediscovery of an ‘extinct’ Galápagos giant tortoise species." Current Biology 22, no. 1 (January 2012): R10—R11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.004.

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Suárez, William, and Storrs L. Olson. "New Records of Storks (Ciconiidae) From Quaternary Asphalt Deposits in Cuba." Condor 105, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.1.150.

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Abstract Storks were previously known in Cuba only from the living Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and two bones of the extinct species Ciconia maltha from Cienfuegos Province. Newly explored Quaternary tar seep deposits in Matanzas Province have yielded fossils of M. americana, the extinct wood stork M. wetmorei, and an unidentified species of Ciconia smaller than C. maltha. These specimens provide the first verifiable fossil record of M. americana anywhere, the first of M. wetmorei outside of Florida and California, and the first instance of these two species occurring sympatrically. Nuevos Registros de Cigüeñas (Ciconiidae) en Depósitos Cuaternarios de Asfalto en Cuba Resumen. Las cigüeñas eran conocidas en Cuba solo por la cayama viviente, Mycteria americana, y por dos huesos de la especie extinta Ciconia maltha, procedentes de la Provincia de Cienfuegos. La exploración de depósitos cuaternarios de asfalto en la Provincia de Matanzas, aportó fósiles de la cigüeña extinta Mycteria wetmorei, de M. americana, y de una especie no identificada de Ciconia, menor que C. maltha. Estos fósiles suministran el primer registro confiable de M. americana, y el primero de M. wetmorei fuera de Florida y California, junto con la primera evidencia de estas dos especies viviendo en simpatría.

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Kehlmaier, Christian, Axel Barlow, Alexander K. Hastings, Melita Vamberger, Johanna L. A. Paijmans, David W. Steadman, Nancy A. Albury, Richard Franz, Michael Hofreiter, and Uwe Fritz. "Tropical ancient DNA reveals relationships of the extinct Bahamian giant tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1846 (January 11, 2017): 20162235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2235.

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Ancient DNA of extinct species from the Pleistocene and Holocene has provided valuable evolutionary insights. However, these are largely restricted to mammals and high latitudes because DNA preservation in warm climates is typically poor. In the tropics and subtropics, non-avian reptiles constitute a significant part of the fauna and little is known about the genetics of the many extinct reptiles from tropical islands. We have reconstructed the near-complete mitochondrial genome of an extinct giant tortoise from the Bahamas ( Chelonoidis alburyorum ) using an approximately 1 000-year-old humerus from a water-filled sinkhole (blue hole) on Great Abaco Island. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses place this extinct species as closely related to Galápagos ( C. niger complex) and Chaco tortoises ( C. chilensis ), and provide evidence for repeated overseas dispersal in this tortoise group. The ancestors of extant Chelonoidis species arrived in South America from Africa only after the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and dispersed from there to the Caribbean and the Galápagos Islands. Our results also suggest that the anoxic, thermally buffered environment of blue holes may enhance DNA preservation, and thus are opening a window for better understanding evolution and population history of extinct tropical species, which would likely still exist without human impact.

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