Academic literature on the topic 'Extinction methods'

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Journal articles on the topic "Extinction methods"

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Bromham, Lindell, Robert Lanfear, Phillip Cassey, Gillian Gibb, and Marcel Cardillo. "Reconstructing past species assemblages reveals the changing patterns and drivers of extinction through time." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1744 (2012): 4024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1437.

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Predicting future species extinctions from patterns of past extinctions or current threat status relies on the assumption that the taxonomic and biological selectivity of extinction is consistent through time. If the driving forces of extinction change through time, this assumption may be unrealistic. Testing the consistency of extinction patterns between the past and the present has been difficult, because the phylogenetically explicit methods used to model present-day extinction risk typically cannot be applied to the data from the fossil record. However, the detailed historical and fossil r
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Geyle, Hayley M., John C. Z. Woinarski, G. Barry Baker, et al. "Quantifying extinction risk and forecasting the number of impending Australian bird and mammal extinctions." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 2 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18006.

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A critical step towards reducing the incidence of extinction is to identify and rank the species at highest risk, while implementing protective measures to reduce the risk of extinction to such species. Existing global processes provide a graded categorisation of extinction risk. Here we seek to extend and complement those processes to focus more narrowly on the likelihood of extinction of the most imperilled Australian birds and mammals. We considered an extension of existing IUCN and NatureServe criteria, and used expert elicitation to rank the extinction risk to the most imperilled species,
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Lombardi, Marco. "Optimal extinction measurements." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832769.

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In this paper we present XNICER, an optimized multi-band extinction technique based on the extreme deconvolution of the intrinsic colors of objects observed through a molecular cloud. XNICER follows a rigorous statistical approach and provides the full Bayesian inference of the extinction for each observed object. Photometric errors in both the training control field and in the science field are properly taken into account. XNICER improves over the known extinction methods and is computationally fast enough to be used on large datasets of objects. Our tests and simulations show that this metho
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Nawrot, Rafał, Daniele Scarponi, Michele Azzarone, et al. "Stratigraphic signatures of mass extinctions: ecological and sedimentary determinants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1886 (2018): 20181191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1191.

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Stratigraphic patterns of last occurrences (LOs) of fossil taxa potentially fingerprint mass extinctions and delineate rates and geometries of those events. Although empirical studies of mass extinctions recognize that random sampling causes LOs to occur earlier than the time of extinction (Signor–Lipps effect), sequence stratigraphic controls on the position of LOs are rarely considered. By tracing stratigraphic ranges of extant mollusc species preserved in the Holocene succession of the Po coastal plain (Italy), we demonstrated that, if mass extinction took place today, complex but entirely
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Smith, Woollcott K., and Andrew R. Solow. "Missing and presumed lost: extinction in the ocean and its inference." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 1 (2011): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr176.

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Abstract Smith, W. K., and Solow, A. R. 2012. Missing and presumed lost: extinction in the ocean and its inference. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 89–94. The number of modern extinctions in the ocean is unknown. The actual demise of the last individual of a species is essentially unobservable, so extinction can only be inferred. Statistical methods are described for inferring extinction from sighting records, species–area considerations, and taxonomic samples collected at two different times. The methods are illustrated using a variety of real datasets, including a sighting record of th
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Dai, Xu, and Haijun Song. "Toward an understanding of cosmopolitanism in deep time: a case study of ammonoids from the middle Permian to the Middle Triassic." Paleobiology 46, no. 4 (2020): 533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2020.40.

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AbstractCosmopolitanism occurred recurrently during the geologic past, especially after mass extinctions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly known. Three theoretical models, not mutually exclusive, can lead to cosmopolitanism: (1) selective extinction in endemic taxa, (2) endemic taxa becoming cosmopolitan after the extinction and (3) an increase in the number of newly originated cosmopolitan taxa after extinction. We analyzed an updated occurrence dataset including 831 middle Permian to Middle Triassic ammonoid genera and used two network methods to distinguish major episodes of ammo
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Burgman, M. A. "Evaluating methods for assessing extinction risk." Acta Oecologica 26, no. 2 (2004): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2004.06.001.

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Nogueras-Lara, F., R. Schödel, N. Neumayer, et al. "GALACTICNUCLEUS: A high angular-resolution JHKs imaging survey of the Galactic centre." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038606.

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Context. The characterisation of the extinction curve in the near-infrared (NIR) is fundamental to analysing the structure and stellar population of the Galactic centre (GC), whose analysis is hampered by the extreme interstellar extinction (AV ~ 30 mag) that varies on arc-second scales. Recent studies indicate that the behaviour of the extinction curve might be more complex than previously assumed, pointing towards a variation of the extinction curve as a function of wavelength. Aims. We aim to analyse the variations of the extinction index, α, with wavelength, line-of-sight, and absolute ext
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Ausich, William I., Thomas W. Kammer, and Tomasz K. Baumiller. "Demise of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: a single extinction event or rapid faunal turnover?" Paleobiology 20, no. 3 (1994): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012811.

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Macroevolutionary change from the Middle to the Late Paleozoic crinoid fauna was not the result of mass extinction. The presumption that the decline of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna was from a single mass extinction event was tested using seriation, multidimensional scaling (MDS), binomial analysis, and bootstrapping simulations on a data set which is a comprehensive revision of old faunal lists. The data for these analyses were based on temporal distributions of 214 species from 69 late Osagean and early Meramecian localities from the midcontinental United States. The time under consider
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Viglietti, Pia A., Roger B. J. Benson, Roger M. H. Smith, et al. "Evidence from South Africa for a protracted end-Permian extinction on land." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 17 (2021): e2017045118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017045118.

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Earth’s largest biotic crisis occurred during the Permo–Triassic Transition (PTT). On land, this event witnessed a turnover from synapsid- to archosauromorph-dominated assemblages and a restructuring of terrestrial ecosystems. However, understanding extinction patterns has been limited by a lack of high-precision fossil occurrence data to resolve events on submillion-year timescales. We analyzed a unique database of 588 fossil tetrapod specimens from South Africa’s Karoo Basin, spanning ∼4 My, and 13 stratigraphic bin intervals averaging 300,000 y each. Using sample-standardized methods, we ch
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extinction methods"

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Faller, Beáta. "Combinatorial and probabilistic methods in biodiversity theory." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3985.

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Phylogenetic diversity (PD) is a measure of species biodiversity quantified by how much of an evolutionary tree is spanned by a subset of species. In this thesis, we study optimization problems that aim to find species sets with maximum PD in different scenarios, and examine random extinction models under various assumptions to predict the PD of species that will still be present in the future. Optimizing PD with Dependencies is a combinatorial optimization problem in which species form an ecological network. Here, we are interested in selecting species sets of a given size that are ecological
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Li, Linlin, Shiyin Shen, Jinliang Hou, et al. "GALACTIC EXTINCTION AND REDDENING FROM THE SOUTH GALACTIC CAP u -BAND SKY SURVEY: u -BAND GALAXY NUMBER COUNTS AND u − r COLOR DISTRIBUTION." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623264.

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We study the integral Galactic extinction and reddening based on the galaxy catalog of the South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey (SCUSS), where u-band galaxy number counts and u - r color distribution are used to derive the Galactic extinction and reddening respectively. We compare these independent statistical measurements with the reddening map of Schlegel et al. (SFD) and find that both the extinction and reddening from the number counts and color distribution are in good agreement with the SFD results at low extinction regions (E(B - V)(SFD) < 0.12 mag). However, for high extinction regions
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Cole, Selina R. "Phylogeny, Diversification, and Extinction Selectivity in Camerate Crinoids." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492594839778373.

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Corey, Sarah J. "Understanding Amphibian Vulnerability to Extinction: A Phylogenetic and Spatial Approach." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244036842.

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Rådahl, Elmer. "Extinction in the solar neighborhood : A comparative study of two methods used to measure reddening towards individual stars." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Observationell astrofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296426.

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Interstellar extinction and reddening are inescapable sources of uncertainty in the study of astronomical objects. Many creative ways to measure its effects have been developed, two of them being evaluated in this study. I apply two recently improved methods to estimate extinction toward individual stars, one based on interstellar absorption of sodium and the other based on opacity maps of the interstellar medium. The methods are applied to 14 stars in the local neighborhood, all within a distance of 250 pc from the Sun, and their results are compared. I find that both methods have severe limi
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Myers, Alexandra. "A computational study of the effect of cross wind on the flow of fire fighting agent." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMyers.pdf.

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Myburgh, Erena. "Evaluating methods for fire protection and related fire risk categories in rural towns of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20066.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water flows required for fire protection (fire flows) from water distribution systems (WDS) in rural towns in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were evaluated as part of this research project. The fire flow requirements specified in different South African guidelines, as well as a number of international standards, were compared. Various guidelines and codes used in South Africa, including the South African National Standards, specify fire flow requirements according to the risk category of the area concerned. Alternat
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Sennblad, Adina. "Effects of past fragmentation and habitat loss and current management methods on the changes in vascular plant communities. : An evaluation of extinction debt in semi-natural grasslands in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447366.

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Habitat loss and fragmentation are believed to be two of the main reasons for high extinction rates of species, resulting in decreased biodiversity. According to the island biogeography theory, the species richness in a patch, here a semi-natural grassland, is dependent on the landscape composition, and therefore changes in the landscape composition will result in changes in the species richness of the grassland. However, this change in species richness may be delayed for several years, causing an extinction debt. The aim of this study was to examine the change of species richness of vascular
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Caumont-Prim, Chloé. "Détermination de la distribution de taille des nanoparticules de suie par analyse du spectre d'extinction et de diffusion angulaire de la lumière." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800137.

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Le but de ce travail est de déterminer par méthodes optiques la distribution de taille (pdf) des nanoparticules de suie, agrégats de morphologie fractale. Après des études préliminaires qui utilisent DDSCAT pour valider la théorie RDG-FA et permettent de convertir un rayon de giration en rayon de mobilité, deux diagnostics optiques sont étudiés. Le premier consiste à exploiter une mesure d'extinction spectrale de la lumière. Nous montrons que pour exploiter ce signal, il faut connaître les propriétés optiques des suies, leur préfacteur et dimension fractale, la loi de distribution et le diamèt
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Hautphenne, Sophie. "An algorithmic look at phase-controlled branching processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210255.

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Branching processes are stochastic processes describing the evolution of populations of individuals which reproduce and die independently of each other according to specific probability laws. We consider a particular class of branching processes, called Markovian binary trees, where the lifetime and birth epochs of individuals are controlled by a Markovian arrival process. <p><p>Our objective is to develop numerical methods to answer several questions about Markovian binary trees. The issue of the extinction probability is the main question addressed in the thesis. We first assume independence
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Books on the topic "Extinction methods"

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Newman, M. E. J. Modeling extinction. Oxford University Press, 2002.

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R, Skaggs Stephanie, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Screening methods for agent compatibility with people, materials, and the environment. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods. Proceedings, 4th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods: 20-22 March 2002, Melbourne Exhibitions & Convention Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 2002.

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E, Holmes E., and Northwest Fisheries Science Center (U.S.), eds. Cross validation of quasi-extinction risks from real time series: An examination of diffusion approximation methods. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2005.

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Lindsey, Jeffrey. Fire service instructor. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Maher, Patrick T. Designing emergency scene simulations for police and fire promotional examiniations. Personnel and Organization Development Consultants, 1993.

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Amato, George. Conservation genetics in the age of genomics. Columbia University Press, 2009.

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Gross, S. S. Improved method for extinguishing coal refuse fires. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1991.

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Heiden, Jan van der, 1662-1726., ed. A description of fire engines with water hoses and the method of fighting fires now used in Amsterdam. Science History Publications/USA, 1996.

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Canada, Royal Society of, ed. The American bison: Its habits, method of capture and economic use in the north-west, with reference to its threatened extinction and possible preservation. Dawson Bros., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extinction methods"

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Lieberman, Mira. "Research Methods." In Extinction Governance, Finance and Accounting. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045557-35.

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Santovito, Luca Spiro, and Graziano Pinna. "Preclinical Methods of Neurosteroid-Induced Facilitation of Fear Extinction and Fear Extinction Retention." In Translational Methods for PTSD Research. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_15.

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Knude, Jens. "Methods to Account for Interstellar Extinction." In Census of the Galaxy: Challenges for Photometry and Spectrometry with GAIA. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0361-2_15.

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Drummond, Katherine, and Jee Hyun Kim. "Periadolescent Social Isolation Effects on Extinction of Conditioned Fear." In Translational Methods for PTSD Research. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_2.

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Suzuki, Takao K., Motomu Matsui, Sira Sriswasdi, and Wataru Iwasaki. "Lifestyle Evolution Analysis by Binary-State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE) Model." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2691-7_16.

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Mcfarlane, Donald A. "A Comparison of Methods for the Probabilistic Determination of Vertebrate Extinction Chronologies." In Extinctions in Near Time. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5202-1_5.

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Velasco, Eric Raul, Antonio Florido, Ignacio Javier Marin-Blasco, Patricia Molina, Laura Perez-Caballero, and Raul Andero. "Stress Immobilization Inducing Fear Extinction Deficits in Male and Female Mice." In Translational Methods for PTSD Research. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_9.

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Marusak, Hilary A., Craig Peters, and Christine A. Rabinak. "Using Virtual Reality to Study Fear and Extinction in Children and Adolescents." In Translational Methods for PTSD Research. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_3.

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Miller, Dylan B., Madeleine M. Rassaby, Zhenfu Wen, and Mohammed R. Milad. "Pavlovian Conditioning and Extinction Methods for Studying the Neurobiology of Fear Learning in PTSD." In Translational Methods for PTSD Research. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_5.

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Mohammadi Ziabari, Seyed Sahand, and Jan Treur. "An Adaptive Cognitive Temporal-Causal Model for Extreme Emotion Extinction Using Psilocybin." In Computational Statistics and Mathematical Modeling Methods in Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31362-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Extinction methods"

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Li, Guang, Weiqi Zhang, and Zhihua Zhang. "Arc Extinction Moment Identifying Method for Flexible Grounding System Based on SOGI." In 2024 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Engineering (REPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/repe62578.2024.10809407.

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Lee, Jihoon, and Hoon Kim. "Generation of High-Extinction-Ratio PPM Signals Using a Single IQ Modulator." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2025.th3j.2.

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We propose a novel method to generate a pulse-position modulation (PPM) signal having a high extinction ratio (ER) using an IQ modulator. We achieve a 40-dB ER for 64-PPM signals in our experimental demonstration.
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Perez, Maximillian A., Steffen Kross, Jeff De Natale, Rob Mihailovich, Jaime Ramirez-Serrano, and Megan Ivory. "High-extinction chip-scale shuttering for quantum technologies." In Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXII, edited by Cornelius F. Hahlweg and Joseph R. Mulley. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2527220.

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Andrews, Gordon E., N. T. Ahmed, Roth Phylaktou, and Phil King. "Weak Extinction in Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59830.

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Well mixed low NOx gas turbines are limited, in the operational range of the low NOx mode, by the weak extinction and CO limits of the flame stabiliser used. The operational range of the combustor in the &amp;lt;10ppm low NOx mode is set by the range of equivalence ratios over which ultra low NOx without acoustic resonance can be achieved. This paper reviews the available data on weak extinction in well mixed low NOx combustion systems and presents some new data. Atmospheric pressure weak extinction data is shown to be similar to weak extinction at pressure for similar stabiliser designs and r
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Ferri, Fabio, Enrico Paganini, and Luca De Stefano. "Particle Sizing from Spectral Extinction Data." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1996.fc.2.

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Particle sizing is a topic of great interest for the characterization of many biological, chemical and physical systems. Among the techniques which deal with particle sizing, the optical methods and, in particular the scattering techniques, are the most suitable and convenient ones. Indeed, they allow the characterization of a large number of particles to be carried out in situ and in real time. Scattering techniques include dynamic light scattering for studying submicron particles, low angle elastic light scattering for particles larger than microns, and spectral extinction methods for partic
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Ma, Yunfeng, Shanshan Chang, Lifen Liao, et al. "Research on two test methods of polarizer extinction ratio." In Micro- and Nano-Optics, Catenary Optics, and Subwavelength Electromagnetics, edited by Reinhart Poprawe, Bin Fan, Xiong Li, Min Gu, Mingbo Pu, and Xiangang Luo. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2506163.

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Kovalev, Vladimir A., Michael P. Bristow, James L. McElroy, and Raul J. Alvarez. "Compensational Methods for Retrieving Ozone Concentration Profiles with a Multiwavelength DIAL System." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.tuc23.

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Uncertainty in the spectral dependencies of atmospheric aerosol backscattering and extinction produces an uncertainty in the corresponding correction terms in the DIAL equation used to determine O3 concentration values, especially in turbid atmospheres where large aerosol backscattering gradients exist. Two ways exist for reducing the systematic distortion in ozone concentration profiles caused by aerosol differential extinction and backscattering, viz. i) to correct the calculated O3 profile using assumed atmospheric spectral dependencies for extinction (total scattering) and backscattering (
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Hall, Freeman F. "Cirrus cloud transmittance and backscatter measured with an infrared CO2 lidar." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mz5.

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We have measured the transmittance of cirrus clouds at 10.59-μm wavelength with a CO2 lidar using two independent methods. The first method used backscatter from the calibration target El Chichon stratospheric cloud that was present over Boulder during 1982 and 1983. The second method used conical lidar scans at different zenith angles when uniform cirrus decks were present during the 1986 FIRE intensive observations in Oshkosh, WI. Extinction coefficients from both methods average 0.1 km−1 for thin cirrus, 0.5 km thick to 0.6 km−1 for cirrus several kilometers thick. There is a wide standard
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Wang, Xiaobin, Bin Xu, Zhengzheng Ma, and Shunxing Hu. "New Measurement Methods of Dust Charge Based on Infrared Extinction Theory." In 2018 12th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isape.2018.8634214.

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Chiba, Kazuhisa, Masahiro Kanazaki, and Toru Shimada. "MANIFESTATION OF ASCENDANCY OF EXTINCTION-REIGNITION ON SOUNDING HYBRID ROCKET USING DESIGN INFORMATICS." In VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering. Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/100016.2422.6360.

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Reports on the topic "Extinction methods"

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Paulson, M. R. Utility of a Dual-Lidar Method to Measure Integrated Extinction. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203145.

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Minagawa, Tomohiro, Makoto Shimono, Toshihiko Muramatsu, Fumihide Sato, and Takeyuki Kamimoto. Temporal Measurements of Trapping Efficiency of a DPF by a Laser Extinction Method. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0278.

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