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Journal articles on the topic 'Extra-sensory perception'
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Pluznick, Jennifer L. "Extra sensory perception." Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 23, no. 5 (September 2014): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mnh.0000000000000048.
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Prives, Leslie. "Extra sensory perception." IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine 1, no. 1 (2007): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wie-m.2007.4510834.
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Dublon, Gershon, and Joseph A. Paradiso. "Extra Sensory Perception." Scientific American 311, no. 1 (June 17, 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0714-36.
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Rhine, Joseph Banks. "Some Basic Experiments in Extra-sensory Perception: A Background." Journal of Parapsychology 2, Suppl (May 14, 2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2018.03.04.
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Rhine, Joseph Banks. "Some Basic Experiments in Extra-sensory Perception: A Background." Journal of Parapsychology 82, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2018s.01.04.
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Zahran, Samah Khaled Abd El Kawy. "Some Personal and Social Variables That Affect Extra Sensory Perception (Sixth Sense)." Psychology 02, no. 04 (2011): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2011.24061.
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Branković, Marija. "Who believes in ESP: Cognitive and motivational determinants of the belief in extra-sensory perception." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i1.1689.
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Many people believe in extra-sensory perception, e.g. the ability to communicate with thoughts, to sense future events or locate radiation with the help of a V-shaped piece of wood. Addressing a gap in research specifically focused on ESP beliefs, we investigated cognitive styles and basic motivations related to these beliefs in two survey studies. The findings suggest that a propensity to use intuition is the best predictor of ESP beliefs in terms of cognitive style. ESP belief is positively related to fear of death, and this relation is partly mediated by fatalism, i.e. the belief that chance controls one’s life. ESP beliefs do not seem to be perceived as irreconcilable with a rational view of reality however, they do not necessarily provide psychological protection from existential concerns. The implications of the findings in terms of costs and benefits of these beliefs and the possibility to change them are discussed.
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Li, Jianhui, and Zheng Fu. "THE CRAZINESS FOR EXTRA-SENSORY PERCEPTION: QIGONG FEVER AND THE SCIENCE-PSEUDOSCIENCE DEBATE IN CHINA." Zygon® 50, no. 2 (May 10, 2015): 534–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12178.
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Wiseman, Richard, and Emma Greening. "The Mind Machine: A mass participation experiment into the possible existence of extra-sensory perception." British Journal of Psychology 93, no. 4 (November 2002): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712602761381367.
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Piochi, Maria, Giorgia Cabrino, and Luisa Torri. "Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) Test to Investigate the Consumers’ Perception of Olive Oil Sensory Properties: Effect of Storage Time and Packaging Material." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071551.
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Sensory changes during shelf-life of oils have been mostly studied by descriptive methods, while consumer-based approaches have been poorly explored. This study assessed the variations in consumers’ liking and sensory perception of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive oil (OO) packaged in glass, polyethylene terephthalate and tinplate. After 2, 10 and 19 months of storage, oil perception was investigated with consumers (n = 50) performing both a liking test and a check-all-that-apply (CATA) test. No significant effect of the packaging material on consumers’ response was found, whereas storage time negatively affected the sensory properties of and acceptability of OOs and EVOOs from the 10th month of storage. The CATA test results revealed the sensory changes in oils over 19 months, mainly described as a decrease in pungency for EVOO and a decrease in herbaceous and ripe fruitiness in OO. The CATA technique combined with the liking test allowed the drivers of liking (“olive” for OO and “green fruitiness” for EVOO) and disliking (“bitter” and “pungent” for EVOO) to be identified. In conclusion, the sensory approach based both on CATA technique and liking test seems promising as a rapid tool to evaluate the changes in sensory properties perceivable during the shelf-life of oils.
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Brugger, Peter, Theodor Landis, and Marianne Regard. "A ‘sheep-goat effect’ in repetition avoidance: Extra-sensory perception as an effect of subjective probability?" British Journal of Psychology 81, no. 4 (November 1990): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02372.x.
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Pal, Dhananjay. "Interpretation of the Paranormal Power Like Extra Sensory Perception (ESP) and Psychokinesis (PK) through the Consciousness Model." American Journal of Physics and Applications 1, no. 3 (2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.15.
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Naveau, Adrien, Rawen Smirani, Murielle Remy, Philippe Pomar, and Florent Destruhaut. "Cyborgology and bioprinting: The biotechnological future of maxillofacial rehabilitation." International Journal of Maxillofacial Prosthetics 2, no. 1 (March 17, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26629/ijmp.2019.05.
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Maxillofacial prostheses now benefit from the growing advances in converging technologies, such as nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, informatics and cognitivism (NBIC). Instead of being laid and passive, prostheses can now ensure true neurophysiological interactions with their wearers through complex phenomena of hybridization and vicariance. These new devices get closer to “maxillofacial amplification prosthesesâ€, by improving the world perception through restored sensory properties and new extra-sensory properties. These technological devices also benefit from the bioengineering revolution that will soon allow the bioprinting of graft prostheses with an intimate integration to the organic maxillofacial support. In this article, the authors would like to present some major advances in cyborgology and bio-printing in maxillofacial hybridization contexts. (Int J Maxillofac Prosthetics 2019;1:20-26)
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Spognardi, Sara, Domenico Vistocco, Lucio Cappelli, and Patrizia Papetti. "Impact of organic and “protected designation of origin” labels in the perception of olive oil sensory quality." British Food Journal 123, no. 8 (January 13, 2021): 2641–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2020-0596.
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PurposeInvestigate the behaviour and the habits of the consumers from central-southern Italy in relation to extra olive oil consumption, focussing on the impact of protected designation of origin (PDO) and EU–organic certification on purchase intention and quality perception.Design/methodology/approachA specific questionnaire was submitted to 160 consumers; a subsample of ten experts, ten semi-experts and ten habitual consumers of olive oil tested, through a blind test first and a normal one then, three Italian samples: an extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) without certification, an organic EVOO and a PDO EVOO, which were characterised also from a chemical-physical point of view. The answers provided during the tastings were statistically analysed and compared.FindingsPeople interviewed prefer local olive oils; they are positively influenced by PDO/organic certification, while price is not a decisive factor on the purchasing choices. According to tasting panel results: experts gave consistent answers preferring organic olive oil, semi-experts are positively influenced by the PDO brand contrary to what they claimed; non-experts would buy EVOO, although they are positively influenced by the PDO brand and negatively by the organic certification.Practical implicationsOnly knowledge and experience can aid consumers make consistent and aware choices. Information campaigns could help them to distinguish products, correctly identify food attributes and overcome their scepticism towards quality of organic products.Originality/valueFew works investigated the impact of quality and sustainability labelling on perception of olive oils, valuing the consistency between answers provided before and after sensory assessments.
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Šafhalter, Andrej, Srečko Glodež, and Karin Bakračevič Vukman. "DEVELOPING SPATIAL VISUALIZATION WITH 3D MODELING." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 46, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.46.131.
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The research was carried out in 2011 among 22 pupils from 14 – 15years old. The purpose of the pilot study was to determine the influence of 3D modeling on the spatial visualization of pupils, as well as the gender difference in the spatial visualization of the tested pupils and the progress of this visualization in individual genders. In addition, it tried to determine whether the sensory style of the pupils, visual, auditory or kinesthetic, influences spatial perception and the development of spatial visualization. Pupils were divided into two groups, the test group and the control group. Pupils in the test group attended a 3D modeling extra-curricular activity for twelve teaching hours in the second evaluation period of the 2010/2011 school year. Spatial visualization was determined with a modified spatial visualization test, namely before the extra-curricular activity and afterwards. The modified test consisted of different spatial visualization tests: PSVT: R, MCT, MRT, DAT: SR, and tests of rotation within a plane. For 3D modeling exercises pupils used the open-source software Google SketchUp. None of the tested pupils have encountered the mentioned software before. After a second testing, the test group showed greater progress in solving spatial visualization tasks in comparison with the control group, while gender differences were minimal. The results of the spatial visualization test were also compared with the sensory style of pupils, which was filled out by all the pupils included in the study. In the 2011/2012 school year a broader study is underway, involving almost two hundred pupils of various elementary schools in Slovenia. Key words: spatial visualization, 3D modeling, perception styles.
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Sperandio, Irene, Irene Sperandio, and Philippe A. Chouinard. "The Mechanisms of Size Constancy." Multisensory Research 28, no. 3-4 (2015): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002483.
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Size constancy is the result of cognitive scaling operations that enable us to perceive an object as having the same size when presented at different viewing distances. In this article, we review the literature on size and distance perception to form an overarching synthesis of how the brain might combine retinal images and distance cues of retinal and extra-retinal origin to produce a perceptual visual experience of a world where objects have a constant size. A convergence of evidence from visual psychophysics, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, electrophysiology and neuroimaging highlight the primary visual cortex (V1) as an important node in mediating size–distance scaling. It is now evident that this brain area is involved in the integration of multiple signals for the purposes of size perception and does much more than fulfil the role of an entry position in a series of hierarchical cortical events. We also discuss how information from other sensory modalities can also contribute to size–distance scaling and shape our perceptual visual experience.
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Diarte, Clara, Agustí Romero, María Paz Romero, Jordi Graell, and Isabel Lara. "Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Nine Spanish Monovarietal Olive Oils: An Emphasis on Wax Esters." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020170.
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Olive oil is an essential part of the so-called “Mediterranean diet”, purportedly one of the healthiest gastronomic traditions in the world. The wax content in olive oil is regulated under European Union directives, and it is used as a purity parameter for extra-virgin and virgin olive oils. The wax profile may also help the characterization of monovarietal olive oils. In this study, monovarietal oils were extracted from the fruits of nine native Spanish olive varieties (‘Arbequina’, ‘Argudell’, ‘Empeltre’, ‘Farga’, ‘Manzanilla’, ‘Marfil’, ‘Morrut’, ‘Picual’ and ‘Sevillenca’), and their chemical and sensory attributes were determined. Total wax content in oil was cultivar-dependent and ranged widely between 26 (‘Manzanilla’) and 144 mg kg−1 (‘Arbequina’), while it was negligible in ‘Picual’ oil. The wax ester fraction was comprised largely of phytol-containing diterpene esters, with phytyl vaccinate and phytyl arachidate being the most common components of this non-polar fraction in all nine olive oils assessed. A direct relationship between phytyl esters and the sensory perception of “ripe fruit” notes was also observed.
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Handy, Todd C., and Wayne Khoe. "Attention and Sensory Gain Control: A Peripheral Visual Process?" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 12 (December 2005): 1936–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892905775008715.
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Attention-related sensory gain control in human extra-striate cortex is believed to improve the acuity of visual perception. Yet given wide variance in the spatial resolution of vision across the retina, it remains unclear whether sensory gain operates homogenously between foveal and nonfoveal retinotopic locations. To address this issue, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) in a variant of the canonical spatial attention task. Participants were cued to expect targets at either fixation (foveal targets) or at a location several degrees above fixation (parafoveal targets). At both target locations, manual reaction times were shorter for cued relative to uncued targets, indicating that attention was consistently oriented to the cued location. Nevertheless, attention-related increases in sensory-evoked cortical activity were only observed at the parafoveal target location, as measured by the amplitude of the lateral occipital P1 ERP component. A second experiment replicated this data pattern using targets with lower stimulus contrast, indicating that the absence of a P1 effect for foveal targets could not be attributed to a saturated P1 response under higher-contrast stimulus conditions. When considered in light of retinogeniculate projections to cortex showing systematic changes in their physiological organization beginning within a degree of visual angle of the fovea, our findings support the proposal that the strategic functions of visual attention may vary with the retinotopic location involved.
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Lautner, Péter. "Γνωστικῶς and / or ὑλικῶς: Philoponus’ Account of the Material Aspects of Sense-Perception." Phronesis 58, no. 4 (2013): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685284-12341254.
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Abstract The paper aims to show that Philoponus’ theory of sense-perception does not fit in with the spiritualist claim that the sensory process does not involve an extra material change in the sense-organ. Both the specific sense-organs (like the vitreous liquid and choroid or corneal membrane in the eyes) and the primary sense-organ (like the optic pneuma) contract or expand in the perceptual process. On the other hand, the literalist claim needs to be modified as well since only the tactile sense-organ (flesh) takes on the relevant qualities. Contraction or expansion in the sense-organ is triggered, not by physical changes in the medium, but by the formal activities arising from the perceptible objects: colours make the visual sense-organ contract or expand. At the level of sense-organs, the physiological process underlying sense-perception has three stages. The change in specific sense-organ will be transmitted to the primary sense-organ of the particular sense (optic/acoustic pneuma), and then reaches the common sense-organ, the pneuma. The primary sense-organs are spatially distinguishable parts of the common sense-organ which is otherwise homogeneous, not allowing for qualitative differences. The homogeneity of the pneuma establishes the unity of sense-perception at the level of physiological processes.
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Sharma, Lok Raj. "Optimal Use of the Sixth Sense in Devkota’s Poem “The Lunatic”." World Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 1 (December 4, 2021): p11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v4n1p11.
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“The Lunatic” is one of Devkota’s widely read and intensely discussed poems by critics, teachers and university level students in Nepal. It has already been studied from structural, thematic and contextual perspectives by other writers, but this article writer attempts to pinpoint the poet’s optimal use of the sixth sense to perceive the people and society mentioned in the poem. The article writer underscores some poetic lines that reflect the utilization of the sixth sense which implies an extra-sensory perception beyond ordinary senses of seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and tasting. These five natural senses are not sufficient to grasp the meanings and messages of the poem. This poem will be better understood if readers are capable of examining the poet’s sixth sense with which he perceives the persons and their deeds in society.
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Vivancos, J., N. Tena, M. T. Morales, R. Aparicio, and D. L. García-González. "A neuroimaging study of pleasant and unpleasant olfactory perceptions of virgin olive oil." Grasas y Aceites 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0329161.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to collect information from neurons that receive direct input from olfactory bulbs when subjects smell virgin olive oil. The pleasant aroma of three extra virgin olive oils (var. Royal, Arbequina and Picual) and three virgin olive oils with sensory defects (rancid, fusty and winey/vinegary) were presented to 14 subjects while a fMRI scan acquired data from the brain activity. Data were subjected to a two-sample t test analysis, which allows a better interpretation of results particularly when data are studied across different subjects. Most of the activations, which were located in the frontal lobe, are related to the olfactory task regardless of the hedonic component of perception (e.g. Brodmann areas 10, 11). Comparing the samples with pleasant and unpleasant aromas, differences were found at the anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 32), at the temporal lobe (Brodmann area 38), and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47), while intense aromas activated Brodmann area 6. The actual perceptions described by the subjects and the concentration of the odorant compounds in the samples were considered in the interpretation of the results.
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Alqarni, Salha Mohammed. "Conceptual Metaphors and the Smell Perception in English and Arabic." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i6.20517.
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Perception has long been seen as a basis for understanding abstract concepts and experiences and their linguistic encoding. Conceptual metaphor is considered a cognitive link between physical and sensory experiences and abstract mental representations. The olfactory perception has been treated as peripherical in contrast to other sense modalities. The purpose of the study is to establish how the smell sense is conceptually structured in Arabic in comparison with English and to examine conceptual metaphors based on our olfactory perception. Using the theory of conceptual metaphor, the study sought to compare the conception of smell and its metaphorical extensions in both languages. The data collected for this study was Modern written Standard Arabic acquired from online Arabic corpora and the total number of sentences searched is 3400 sentences. The study demonstrated that smell is used as a source domain to express suspicion, knowledge, and emotions. Arabic expresses a few extra metaphors including experiencing and anticipating. The domain of emotions in Arabic is closely connected to the smell sense more than English is. On the other hand, the most prevalent conceptual metaphors that employ smell as their target domain are INTENSITY OF SMELL IS EFFECT STRENGTH and SMELL IS A PHYSICAL FORCE, which exist in both languages equally. Besides, the study demonstrated that the sense of smell is not peripheral to cognition as it was previously believed. It is hoped that this study has contributed to further appreciation of the smell domain and its function in cognition.
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Carew, Richard, and Elwin G. Smith. "The value of apple characteristics to wholesalers in western Canada: A hedonic approach." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-164.
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Sensory methods have been used to evaluate subjective apple characteristics such as juiciness, flavour, and texture. There is very little information to indicate the value wholesalers place on objective apple characteristics such as cultivar, grade, and fruit size. In this study, a hedonic price function for apples was estimated to evaluate the relationship between British Columbia (BC) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) prices and the wholesalers’ perception of product quality characteristics. In this study, sales data and cultivar characteristics were obtained for three large wholesalers in western Canada that purchase BC fruit. Cultivar, fruit size, and grade were the most significant variables influencing apple prices. Wholesalers paid price premiums ($2.25 to $5.25 per tray) for speciality cultivars such as Gala, Fuji and Braeburn compared with traditional cultivars such as McIntosh, Red Delicious and Spartan. Large fruit size earned a price premium ($1.73 per tray) and small fruit were discounted ($2.00 per tray) compared with medium size apples. Apples graded Canada Extra Fancy (One Stripe) and BC Extra Fancy provided packing houses with price premiums ($1.50) over Canada Fancy. Apples in controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage earned price premiums ($0.96 to $1.89 per tray) in the months of January through June. Key words: Apple characteristics, wholesalers' preference, hedonic price function.
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Putri, Vevi Suryenti, and Rahmi Dwi Yanti. "Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Cara Merawat Pasien Halusinasi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kebun Handil Kota Jambi." Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi 10, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jab.v10i2.324.
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Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the brain and causes strange thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements and behaviors. One of the symptoms of schizophrenia is hallucinations. Hallucinations are one of the symptoms of sensory perception disturbance experienced by mental patients. The role and duty of family health is to care for family members who are sick, the family plays an important role as a support during the recovery and rehabilitation of patients, the support provided by the family will prevent recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and family support by caring for hallucination patients in the work area of Kebun Handil Health Center, Jambi City. This study used an analytical survey method with a cross sectional design which aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and family support in caring for hallucinated patients using purposive sampling technique. The total population in this study were 144 people with a total of 53 respondents. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between family knowledge and how to treat hallucination patients with a P-value of 0.00. There is a relationship of family support by caring for hallucinatory patients with a P - Value of 0.00. It is hoped that the family will provide free time, sufficient knowledge and extra attention in helping patients recover
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Pajević, Marko. "Literary Translation and Transmediality: Clive Scott’s Reader-Oriented Translation Theory and Practice." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 2, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v2i2.53.
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The British translation practitioner and theorist Clive Scott has presented an approach to literary translation that integrates the transmedial into textual translation. His translations of poetry contain doodling, handwriting, crossing out, writing over, typographical experimentation, and photo-collages; he even offers photo-poetic translations consisting exclusively of photos. By including such extra-verbal matter, they play with the medium of literature and integrate a rich variety of visual forms. Scott wishes to stress the role of perception in translating; he offers a reader-focused theory of translation. He is much less concerned with translation as a service for people who do not understand the original language than with the act of translating as a school for reading and hence for developing our capacities of perception and self-awareness. The materiality of language plays a major role in such an idea of translation. His approach has little to do with intentional meaning, focusing instead on the accessibility of sense. Translating is a process, and it is the relationship of this process to what Scott rightly sees as the multi-sensory process of meaning-making during reading that is at issue in his theory and practice. By analysing Scott’s theory and examples of his translationwork, this paper considers what this approach to translating says about transmediality in a phenomenological sense: it sheds light on how we read and perceive and on what the transmedial elements in these processes do. Scott’s transmedial translation theory and practice bring to the fore the multiplicity of media involved in the perception of a text in the reader’s mind and thus sharpens the awareness of what language is and does.
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Pásaro Fernández, Paula, Sara López de Hierro Martínez, Cristina Beorlegui Bueno, Patricia Romero López, Miguel Municio González-Quijano, Montse Vergara-Duarte, Raimundo Mateos, Jorge Cuevas, and Luís Cordeiro. "460 - Unmet needs and loneliness perception among elderly people with chronic diseases." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220003129.
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Introduction:Unwanted loneliness is a public health issue due to its high prevalence among elderly people (20-40%) and its relation with morbidity and mortality. There is no clear strategy for addressing this problem given the diversity of needs and resources people with feelings of loneliness have.Objective:Identify the needs and resources of elderly people with chronic conditions and feelings of loneliness by comparing the patient’s outlook with that of their primary healthcare professional.Methods:Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study using theoretical convenience sampling at 5 health facilities in Barcelona (Spain), performed between October and May 2020. Of 159 people selected, 42 were identified to have feelings of loneliness (UCLA < 30) who agreed to participate in the study and their care needs were analysed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) questionnaire. A descriptive and comparative analysis (Kappa coefficient and discrepancy percentage) of needs was performed using the outlook of the patients and their healthcare professionals. Data was analysed using SAS assuming a 5% significance level. A qualitative analysis was also performed to understand the relation between the feeling of loneliness and needs across 24 care areas (environmental, social, psychological, and physical). The study was approved by the IDIAP Jordi Gol Healthcare Ethics Committee (19/138-P).Findings:The needs perceived focused on physical health, distress, companionship, and relationships (30% to 41.7%). Professionals showed a severe lack of knowledge regarding housing, home care, relationships, and social services (22% to 48%). The qualitative analysis revealed the relation between the feeling of loneliness and the irreversible losses of those close to the patient, along with insufficient support and understanding during the aging process, and feelings of abandonment and guilt. Meanwhile, other notable aspects include the need of independence and resistance towards starting activities requiring commitment and travel. Caring for others and mobility and sensory restrictions act as extra barriers.Conclusions:This study enables the needs of people with feelings of loneliness to be identified. Discrepancies between them and their healthcare professionals were recorded, in turn providing direction regarding which areas need to be improved when designing patient-focused primary healthcare approaches.
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Friston, Karl. "A theory of cortical responses." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1456 (April 29, 2005): 815–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1622.
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This article concerns the nature of evoked brain responses and the principles underlying their generation. We start with the premise that the sensory brain has evolved to represent or infer the causes of changes in its sensory inputs. The problem of inference is well formulated in statistical terms. The statistical fundaments of inference may therefore afford important constraints on neuronal implementation. By formulating the original ideas of Helmholtz on perception, in terms of modern-day statistical theories, one arrives at a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts. It turns out that the problems of inferring the causes of sensory input (perceptual inference) and learning the relationship between input and cause (perceptual learning) can be resolved using exactly the same principle. Specifically, both inference and learning rest on minimizing the brain's free energy, as defined in statistical physics. Furthermore, inference and learning can proceed in a biologically plausible fashion. Cortical responses can be seen as the brain’s attempt to minimize the free energy induced by a stimulus and thereby encode the most likely cause of that stimulus. Similarly, learning emerges from changes in synaptic efficacy that minimize the free energy, averaged over all stimuli encountered. The underlying scheme rests on empirical Bayes and hierarchical models of how sensory input is caused. The use of hierarchical models enables the brain to construct prior expectations in a dynamic and context-sensitive fashion. This scheme provides a principled way to understand many aspects of cortical organization and responses. The aim of this article is to encompass many apparently unrelated anatomical, physiological and psychophysical attributes of the brain within a single theoretical perspective. In terms of cortical architectures, the theoretical treatment predicts that sensory cortex should be arranged hierarchically, that connections should be reciprocal and that forward and backward connections should show a functional asymmetry (forward connections are driving, whereas backward connections are both driving and modulatory). In terms of synaptic physiology, it predicts associative plasticity and, for dynamic models, spike-timing-dependent plasticity. In terms of electrophysiology, it accounts for classical and extra classical receptive field effects and long-latency or endogenous components of evoked cortical responses. It predicts the attenuation of responses encoding prediction error with perceptual learning and explains many phenomena such as repetition suppression, mismatch negativity (MMN) and the P300 in electroencephalography. In psychophysical terms, it accounts for the behavioural correlates of these physiological phenomena, for example, priming and global precedence. The final focus of this article is on perceptual learning as measured with the MMN and the implications for empirical studies of coupling among cortical areas using evoked sensory responses.
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Srivastava, Abhishek, Arun B. Taly, Anupam Gupta, Thyloth Murali, Mohan L. Noone, Jagadisha Thirthahalli, B. N. Gangadhar, J. Keshav Kumar, and P. N. Jayakumar. "Stroke with supernumerary phantom limb: case study, review of literature and pathogenesis." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 20, no. 5 (October 2008): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00294.x.
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Objective:Constitute hypothesis for origin of supernumerary phantom limb (SPL) after stroke.Method:Single case description, review of literature and formulation of hypothesis.Results:A 59-year-old lady was evaluated for complaints of left-sided hemiparesis and extra limbs attached to her left shoulder for the past 7 months. Neuropsychological assessment revealed left hemineglect with SPL, and profile suggested bilateral frontal, right parietotemporal and basal ganglia involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging brain scan showed gliotic cavity secondary to the old haematoma in right putamen with white matter changes in the right frontoparietotemporal lobes.Conclusions:The conceptual framework of body schema can be used to classify many of the neurological disorders of body representation. Generation of SPL comes under the subtype of pathology of updating among the disorders of body schema. The continuous updating allows the body schema to modulate perceptual processing of objects according to their position in space. Brain areas classified as parts of motor system can, under pathological conditions (haemorrhage), influence body perception. So, when she used to move her arm, the representation of the estimated position was not updated by the motor commands. Sensory and motor information therefore becomes discrepant, and failure to integrate these two sources of information leads to loss of normal coherence, and the perceived shape of the body was altered by adding a SPL to accommodate the discrepancy.
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Nikolaev, Sergey. "Is the Text still Alive, or Apology of an Autonomous Piece of Poetry (Based on Joseph Brodsky’s Poem «She Puts on the Stockings, and Fall Comes...»)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1(57) (July 3, 2022): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2022-57-1-17-33.
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The article notes a marked preference given by the philological investigations of the last decades for the discourse-centered approach to analyzing a literary text, a poetic text in particular. The major idea that makes the sense and pathos of this
publication is that the text-centered approach, as distinct from the discourse-centered one and applied much less frequently, is feasible due to the fact that any «high-grade»
literary text is of value by itself: its faultless perception and correct assessment by the recipient do not require involvement of cultural and historic context and appeal to
the broad literary context. Moreover, the first and foremost condition of the existence of a unique cultural
artifact, i.e. a quality literary text, is nothing but its formal and semantic self-dependence, therefore it is self-containment, that is autonomy. The prime example is Joseph Brodsky’s 16-line poetic miniature «She Puts on
the Stockings and Fall Comes...» written in 1994. It undergoes a deep line-by-line semantic and stylistic analysis with a focus on the parameters demonstrating the choice of a dominant sensory canal (vision, audition, partly smell), an object of poetic
description (a portrait, landscape, indoor scenes), a dynamic / static description. The article has noted the textual semantic «frame» reflecting expressly realistic impres-
sions; at the same time, everything embraced by the «frame» reflects the inner world of the character, his flash-back, doubts, self-reflection, emotions. The conclusion of the paper is as follows: the author’s literary skill, his technique, mastery of the language means and control of speech including its «accelera-
tion» and «moderation», individual poetic taste and intuition are all embodied in the literary result that needs no special search for any extra-textual links and their obligatory involvement in the perception and comprehension of the text. Brodsky’s
poem is not an only literary example; it clearly demonstrates a case when the poet, without too much effort, manages «to button up the beauty», i.e. the aesthetic dominant of his personal world (outlook), art, senses, thoughts, soul, «in the dark tower
of poem» (Pasternak), turn this dominant into something hermetic and intimate, and on the other hand open to an attentive reader.
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Veljković, Bojan M. "Nauka ili pseudonauka – primer istraživanja telepatije." Узданица 18, no. 1 (June 2021): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica18.1.083v.
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It is not always easy to draw a dividing line between true scientific theo- ries, erroneous but verifiable scientific theories and pseudo-scientific ones that are impos- sible to verify. As an example, this paper presents researches on various phenomena of extra-sensory perception, precognition, clairvoyance, distance communication, premonition for receiving SMS messages, phone calls or e-mails, which are classified in the domain of telepathy research. They were conducted within different paradigms, with diverse re- search methodologies and approaches, from anecdotal experiences, case studies and intui- tive reasoning, to careful recording of data and their statistical processing. In recent years, researches have been conducted using state-of-the-art “brain-to-brain” technology, which is used to register brain activities of the research participants. Telepathy has not remained uninteresting even to some modern physicists who find in Einstein’s theory of relativity and the laws of quantum physics the possibility of postulating a new quantum model of telepathy. This new, unconventional approach to the research of telepathy is conditioned by the paradigm shift in the research of this phenomenon and significant shifts from the pseudo-scientific to the scientific approach. This paper aims to point out the necessity of setting a clear demarcation line between scientific and pseudo-scientific research and building the ability of critical thinking, which is a condition for differentiating science from pseudoscience. Using a specific example of the phenomenon of telepathy, we underlined the importance of research in the development of scientific knowledge, but the kind of research that meets the reproducibility and verifiability criteria that clearly differentiate science from pseudoscience.
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Kamarasyid, Aloi. "Menyikapi Rahasia di Balik Rasio dan Rasa pada Manusia." MAWA'IZH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL KEMANUSIAAN 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 76–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/maw.v9i1.717.
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The sciense of human will not able to solve all of things, according to the words of Allah: “And we are not given a science except a little”, (Q.S 17/ Al-Isra’: 85). Instinct of human must get a direction of Allah who is explained at his book. Unless the instinct will be wrong in its channel. The position of instinct and intelligence at Islam ethics, both are necessary to be used and dropped well by counselling and directing which are settled in Al-Qur’an and the guide of propnet Muhammad SAW.
Philosophy of Islam also bases on or follows the healthy intelligence to interpret all of problems of divinity, human and nature, because of necessity of thing is intelligence. It is either a subject or object of thinking. From it exits an active intelligence, because it is the first which is created by Allah. By intelligence we analyze and prove about truthm, to expose the scientific realities, about filling, idealism, ethics, law, aesthetics, extra sensory perception, and purity of heart.
Intelligence is a door of science. There are not all of sciences are revealed but there are obliged to be deductive by intelligence through experiment. Allah also gives Islam Religion which is an association of power of God which is given to human (command and prohibition). Islam Religion is a mercy to manage intelligence, feeling, heart and emotion of human. We are obliged to believe, to study so that we know which is comman ded and prohibited, to do and to broadcast the Islam Religion well and truly according to his instruction (Muslim Law).
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Sianturi, Sintya Frank, and Ahmad Junaidi. "Persepsi Penggemar Pasangan Boys Love (BL Ship) terhadap Homoseksualitas." Koneksi 5, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/kn.v5i2.10312.
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These past few years, Thailand’s entertainment industry has been increasing their production of Boys’ Love series and movies. The genre blew up in 2014, and until 2020, around 57 BL series had been produced and released. This has led to the phenomenon of the escalation of the number of Thai BL fans in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to find out how BL Ship’s fans or shippers perceive homosexuality. Perception is a meaning making activity of a sensory stimulus through gathering and interpreting process of information or message. To elaborate it, this research used the qualitative research method with case studies approach towards the members of BL ship Off Jumpol-Gun Atthaphan’s fans kingdom. Data was gathered by interview, observation, and documentation. To analyze it, researcher conducted Glaser and Strauss’s constant comparative method, and Mahpur’s coding steps. The results showed that shippers’ perception of homosexuality more or less got affected by what they consumed through media, such as BL series and ships. Along the way, their cultural background, religious views, personal experiences and values also influenced their views of the meaning of homosexuality. Researcher suggest that the professionals who are working in the industry of this genre to be mindful and take extra care since it’s going to affect the audience’s perception.Beberapa tahun terakhir, industri hiburan Thailand semakin gencar memproduksi drama serial dan film romantis bergenre Boys’ Love (BL). Sejak pertama kali meledak tahun 2014 hingga 2020, terdapat setidaknya 57 serial drama BL yang telah dibuat dan ditayangkan. Hal ini menyebabkan fenomena peningkatan penggemar pasangan Thai Boys’ Love (BL Ship) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana persepsi penggemar BL Ship terhadap homoseksualitas. Persepsi merupakan kegiatan pemberian makna pada stimulus sensorik yang diperoleh melalui proses menyimpulkan dan menafsirkan informasi dan atau pesan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota kelompok penggemar pasangan BL Off Jumpol-Gun Atthaphan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian direduksi, dikategorisasi, disintesisasi, dan kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat faktor personal dan situasional yang mempengaruhi persepsi individu terhadap homoseksualitas. Latar belakang budaya, kepercayaan secara religius, dan nilai-nilai dari sekitar maupun pribadi individu turut mengambil peran dalam proses pembentukan persepsi individu atas homoseksualitas. Penting bagi pegiat genre ini untuk memerhatikan apa yang diproduksi karena apa yang ditampilkan akan mempengaruhi persepsi yang diterpanya.
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Rushton, S. K. "Perception of egocentric direction: retinal and extra-retinal influences." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (March 15, 2010): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.714.
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Allen, H., G. Humphreys, and J. Colin. "Ventral extra-striate visual regions, feedback and texture perception." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 19, 2010): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.1008.
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Brodal, Per. "A neurobiologist’s attempt to understand persistent pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.03.001.
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AbstractThis topical review starts with a warning that despite an impressive wealth of neuroscientific data, a reductionist approach can never fully explain persistent pain. One reason is the complexity of clinical pain (in contrast to experimentally induced pain). Another reason is that the “pain system” shows degeneracy, which means that an outcome can have several causes. Problems also arise from lack of conceptual clarity regarding words like nociceptors, pain, and perception. It is, for example, argued that “homeoceptor” would be a more meaningful term than nociceptor.Pain experience most likely depends on synchronized, oscillatory activity in a distributed neural network regardless of whether the pain is caused by tissue injury, deafferentation, or hypnosis. In experimental pain, the insula, the second somatosensory area, and the anterior cingulate gyrus are consistently activated. These regions are not pain-specific, however, and are now regarded by most authors as parts of the so-called salience network, which detects all kinds of salient events (pain being highly salient). The networks related to persistent pain seem to differ from the those identified experimentally, and show a more individually varied pattern of activations. One crucial difference seems to be activation of regions implicated in emotional and body-information processing in persistent pain.Basic properties of the “pain system” may help to explain why it so often goes awry, leading to persistent pain. Thus, the system must be highly sensitive not to miss important homeostatic threats, it cannot be very specific, and it must be highly plastic to quickly learn important associations. Indeed, learning and memory processes play an important role in persistent pain. Thus, behaviour with the goal of avoiding pain provocation is quickly learned and may persist despite healing of the original insult. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that the hippocampal formation and neurogenesis (formation of new neurons) in the dentate gyrus are involved in the development and maintenance of persistent pain.There is evidence that persistent pain in many instances may be understood as the result of an interpretation of the organism’s state of health. Any abnormal pattern of sensory information as well as lack of expected correspondence between motor commands and sensory feedback may be interpreted as bodily threats and evoke pain. This may, for example, be an important mechanism in many cases of neuropathic pain. Accordingly, many patients with persistent pain show evidence of a distorted body image.Another approach to understanding why the “pain system” so often goes awry comes from knowledge of the dynamic and nonlinear behaviour of neuronal networks. In real life the emergence of persistent pain probably depends on the simultaneous occurrence of numerous challenges, and just one extra (however small) might put the network into a an inflexible state with heightened sensitivity to normally innocuous inputs.Finally, the importance of seeking the meaning the patient attributes to his/her pain is emphasized. Only then can we understand why a particular person suffers so much more than another with very similar pathology, and subsequently be able to help the person to alter the meaning of the situation.
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Fulvio, Jacqueline. "Extra-retinal cues improve accuracy of 3D motion perception in virtual reality environments." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (September 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.1.
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Nawrot, Mark. "Eye movements provide the extra-retinal signal required for the perception of depth from motion parallax." Vision Research 43, no. 14 (June 2003): 1553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00144-5.
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Shim, Jaeho, and John van der Kamp. "The Effects of Optical Illusions in Perception and Action in Peripersonal and Extrapersonal Space." Perception 46, no. 9 (May 3, 2017): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617707697.
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While the two visual system hypothesis tells a fairly compelling story about perception and action in peripersonal space (i.e., within arm’s reach), its validity for extrapersonal space is very limited and highly controversial. Hence, the present purpose was to assess whether perception and action differences in peripersonal space hold in extrapersonal space and are modulated by the same factors. To this end, the effects of an optic illusion in perception and action in both peripersonal and extrapersonal space were compared in three groups that threw balls toward a target at a distance under different target eccentricity (i.e., with the target fixated and in peripheral field), viewing (i.e., binocular and monocular viewing), and delay conditions (i.e., immediate and delayed action). The illusory bias was smaller in action than in perception in peripersonal space, but this difference was significantly reduced in extrapersonal space, primarily because of a weakening bias in perception. No systematic modulation of target eccentricity, viewing, and delay arose. The findings suggest that the two visual system hypothesis is also valid for extra personal space.
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Bertin, René J. V., and Isabelle Israël. "Optic-Flow-Based Perception of Two-Dimensional Trajectories and the Effects of a Single Landmark." Perception 34, no. 4 (April 2005): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5292.
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Human observers can detect their heading direction on a short time scale on the basis of optic flow. We investigated the visual perception and reconstruction of visually travelled two-dimensional (2-D) trajectories from optic flow, with and without a landmark. As in our previous study, seated, stationary subjects wore a head-mounted display in which optic-flow stimuli were shown that simulated various manoeuvres: linear or curvilinear 2-D trajectories over a horizontal plane, with observer orientation either fixed in space, fixed relative to the path, or changing relative to both. Afterwards, they reproduced the perceived manoeuvre with a model vehicle, whose position and orientation were recorded. Previous results had suggested that our stimuli can induce illusory percepts when translation and yaw are unyoked. We tested that hypothesis and investigated how perception of the travelled trajectory depends on the amount of yaw and the average path-relative orientation. Using a structured visual environment instead of only dots, or making available additional extra-retinal information, can improve perception of ambiguous optic-flow stimuli. We investigated the amount of necessary structuring, specifically the effect of additional visual and/or extra-retinal information provided by a single landmark in conditions where illusory percepts occur. While yaw was perceived correctly, the travelled path was less accurately perceived, but still adequately when the simulated orientation was fixed in space or relative to the trajectory. When the amount of yaw was not equal to the rotation of the path, or in the opposite direction, subjects still perceived orientation as fixed relative to the trajectory. This caused trajectory misperception because yaw was wrongly attributed to a rotation of the path: path perception is governed by the amount of yaw in the manoeuvre. Trajectory misperception also occurs when orientation is fixed relative to a curvilinear path, but not tangential to it. A single landmark could improve perception. Our results confirm and extend previous findings that, for unambiguous perception of ego-motion from optic flow, additional information is required in many cases, which can take the form of fairly minimal, visual information.
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Enright, J. T. "A Perplexing Puzzle Involving Perception of Straight Ahead." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l1211.
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Perception of visual direction was investigated by requiring subjects repeatedly to adjust a single small light, in an otherwise darkened room, to perceived ‘straight ahead’. This task presumably requires comparing concurrent extra-retinal information (either proprioception or an efference copy) with an internally stored ‘standard’ of comparison. Moment-to-moment precision in that performance is remarkably good, with median threshold (standard deviation) of 47 arc min. Nevertheless, the responses often involved a monotonic shift of direction over a few minutes during a test session in this reduced visual environment. These trends led to final settings that were immediately recognised as grossly erroneous when the room was relit, implying that the presumptive internal standard of comparison, while unstable, can be rapidly updated in a full visual environment. There are clear similarities between this phenomenon and the sudden ‘visual capture’ that occurs in a re-illuminated room, following distortions of visual direction that arose in a similarly reduced setting for subjects whose extraocular muscles were partially paralysed (Matin et al, 1982 Science216 198 – 201). In both cases, the visual stimuli that underlie rapid recalibration are unknown. Among the several possibilities that can be imagined, the strongest candidate hypothesis for this calibration of the straight-ahead direction is that, during fixation in a lit room, one utilises the directional distribution of image motion that arises because of microscale drift of the eye, as it moves toward its equilibrium orientation, much as a moving observer can use optic flow to evaluate ‘heading’ (the dynamic analogue of ‘straight ahead’).
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Vogel, Henk, Mirella Klomp, and Marcel Barnard. "Making Sense of the Psalms." Religion and the Arts 26, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2022): 136–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02601006.
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Abstract This article discusses the appropriation of psalms in contemporary Dutch and Flemish culture through their performances in ‘extra-ecclesial’ settings and the ways in which aesthetics and embodied experiences play a role in this appropriation. Drawing on postsecular theory, we describe how both religious and secular dimensions are manifest in the performance of psalms on the level of aesthetics. Our contribution is a detailed analysis of empirical research data regarding different sensory perceptions (bodily, auditory, visual, synaesthetic), which we have studied both in isolation and interrelation. We show that religious and secular dimensions become intertwined in the temporally and spatially organized stimulation of different senses. A balancing act takes place between synaesthetic immersion in a collective ritual, and a more distanced, unisensory involvement to maintain individual authenticity. In this balance, an immersive ritual experience can become fertile soil for interaction with the transcendent. We argue that a postsecular stance should entail the interrogation and contextualization of immanent/transcendent dichotomies.
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Mokler, A., and B. Fischer. "The Perception of Involuntary Prosaccades in an Antisaccade Task." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970153.
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In an antisaccade task subjects are required to generate a voluntary saccade to the side opposite to a small visual stimulus. With fixation-point offset preceding stimulus onset (gap) subjects produce some involuntary saccades to the stimulus and correct them by a second saccade. We wanted to know whether the subjects recognised their errors and whether a recognised sequence (error followed by correction) is different from an unrecognised sequence. To test the access to the correction mechanism, subjects were asked in subsequent experiments to produce the error-correction sequence voluntarily (voluntary sequence). We used the gap = 200 ms condition. A valid cue was presented 100 ms before stimulus onset. This manipulation increased the error rate (Fischer and Weber, 1996 Experimental Brain Research109 507 – 512). Subjects indicated errors by key-press. The rate of recognised and unrecognised errors, saccadic size, reaction times (SRT), and correction times (CRT) were determined. Altogether 93 data sets (400 trials each) from 38 subjects were analysed. The mean error rate was 20%, of which 62% went unrecognised. In sessions with high error rates the fraction of unrecognised errors was high. The SRT of the errors ranged from 80 to 170 ms with a strong mode of express saccades at 100 ms. Both types of errors had the same mean SRT of 117 – 119 ms. The unrecognised errors were 0.4 deg smaller. They were corrected after a mean CRT of 95 ms. The recognised errors were corrected after 127 ms; in the voluntary sequence the correction occurred after 217 ms. The CRT distributions differ from each other with the unrecognised errors having an extra peak around 45 ms, suggesting different modes of correction, to which perception has different access. These results raise the question why the large and long-lasting changes of the retinal image escape the conscious perception so often.
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Li, J., M. M. Cohen, C. W. DeRoshia, and L. T. Guzy. "Effects of Observer Orientation on Perception of Ego- and Exocentric Spatial Locations." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970208.
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Perceived eye position and/or the perceived location of visual targets are altered when the orientation of the surrounding visual environment (Cohen et al, 1995 Perception & Psychophysics571 433) or that of the observer (Cohen and Guzy, 1995 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine66 505) is changed. Fourteen subjects used biteboards as they lay on a rotary bed that was oriented head-down −15°, −7.5°, supine, head-up +7.5°, and +15°. In the dark, subjects directed their gaze and set a target to the apparent zenith (exocentric location); they also gazed at a subjective ‘straight ahead’ position with respect to their head (egocentric location). Angular deviations of target settings and changes in vertical eye position were recorded with an ISCAN infrared tracking system. Results indicated that, for exocentric locations, the eyes deviate systematically from the true zenith. The gain for compensating changes in head orientation was 0.69 and 0.73 for gaze direction and target settings, respectively. In contrast, ‘straight ahead’ eye positions were not significantly affected by changes in the subject's orientation. We conclude that subjects make systematic errors when directing their gaze to an exocentric location in near-supine positions. This suggests a systematic bias in the integration of extra-ocular signals with information regarding head orientation. The bias may result from underestimating changes in the orientation of the head in space. In contrast, for egocentric locations, where head orientation information can potentially be discarded, gaze directions were unaffected by head orientation near supine.
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Palmisano, Stephen. "Consistent Stereoscopic Information Increases the Perceived Speed of Vection in Depth." Perception 31, no. 4 (April 2002): 463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3321.
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Previous research found that adding stereoscopic information to radially expanding optic flow decreased vection onsets and increased vection durations (Palmisano, 1996 Perception & Psychophysics58 1168–1176). In the current experiments, stereoscopic cues were also found to increase perceptions of vection speed and self-displacement during vection in depth—but only when these cues were consistent with monocularly available information about self-motion. Stereoscopic information did not appear to be improving vection by increasing the perceived maximum extent of displays or by making displays appear more three-dimensional. Rather, it appeared that consistent patterns of stereoscopic optic flow provided extra, purely binocular information about vection speed, which resulted in faster/more compelling illusions of self-motion in depth.
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Ghahari, Setareh, Megan Widmer, Tom Heneghan, Methuna Naganathan, and Thanusha Kathiravel. "Adults on the Autism Spectrum Face Significant Challenges Accessing Health Care Services." Global Journal of Health Science 14, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v14n1p53.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with social skills, verbal and non-verbal communication, repetitive behaviours and atypical sensory processing. Individuals on the autism spectrum face a higher prevalence of health conditions and have a higher mortality rate than the general population. There is a critical need to understand adults’ experiences on the autism spectrum when accessing health care services to understand how to improve accessibility to health care for these individuals. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate how adults on the autism spectrum access and experience health care services. Four databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo, were systematically searched for literature exploring how individuals on the autism spectrum access and experience health care. Results were extracted and categorized into five determinants based on the accessibility framework described by Levesque et al. (2013). Results indicated adults on the autism spectrum experience numerous barriers when accessing health care services. The dimension of access most frequently cited was the appropriateness of care, followed by the acceptability of care. It is essential to explore access as it is often conceptualized as the availability and affordability of services; however, results of this study indicate the broader experience of quality care provision and acceptance of the individual are important in understanding the complex experience individuals on the autism spectrum face. Based on these findings, there is a need to provide comprehensive education and clinical practice guidelines for health care providers to help reduce barriers to providing appropriate care for adults on the autism spectrum. Efforts to destigmatize intrapersonal and extra-personal perceptions of individuals on the autism spectrum will help overcome the barriers that affect care acceptability. Further research must understand how to design and implement strategies to maximize health service access for adults on the autism spectrum.
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Wenderoth, Peter. "The Effects on Bilateral-Symmetry Detection of Multiple Symmetry, near Symmetry, and Axis Orientation." Perception 26, no. 7 (July 1997): 891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260891.
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Palmer and Hemenway (1978 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance4 691–702) reported that shapes with multiple axes of symmetry are processed faster than those with single symmetry even when trials are blocked so that the subject knows that any symmetry axis will be vertical. Because their model of symmetry detection postulated a two-stage process in which all orientations are searched crudely at first, in no particular order, followed by second-stage scrutiny, the continued salience of multiple over single symmetry with blocking could not be explained. They claimed that stimuli with multiple axes of symmetry have an additional ‘goodness’. Four experiments are reported in which it is demonstrated that both sensitivity ( d′) and response bias ( β) vary considerably in symmetry detection, not just as a function of the positive (symmetrical) stimuli used but also as a function of the negative or conjugate instances selected. Although stimuli with multiple axes of symmetry may well have extra salience due to pattern ‘goodness’, this factor may have been confounded with response bias in Palmer and Hemenway's experiments. It is suggested that several of their—as well as other researchers—results could be due to some combination of the effects of type of positive stimulus, type of negative stimulus, and response bias directed towards responding positively to highly symmetrical stimuli in a mix of less symmetrical stimuli. Palmer and Hemenway appear to have been correct in suggesting that subjects are more sensitive to quadruple than single symmetry, but the experiments indicate that subjects are also more willing to respond “symmetrical” to stimuli with quadruple symmetry when trials are not blocked, as in Palmer and Hemenway's experiment 1. However, it is demonstrated that the latter effect can be removed by blocking trials so that only one class of symmetrical pattern and one class of asymmetrical pattern occur in any block.
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Drinkwater, Kenneth Graham, Neil Dagnall, Stephen Walsh, Lisa Sproson, Matthew Peverell, and Andrew Denovan. "Self-Ascribed Paranormal Ability: Reflexive Thematic Analysis." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (April 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845283.
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This study investigated personal perceptions (involvements) and comprehensions (interpretations) of self-ascribed paranormal abilities. Twelve participants with supposed supernatural powers took part in semi-structured interviews exploring the origin, phenomenology, and nature of their powers. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis (RTA), a qualitative method that identifies patterns within data. Four major themes expressed meanings and representations held by participants: Formative Influences (sub-themes: Gifted Family Members and Anomalous Occurrence), (Inter) Subjective Paranormal Experience (sub-themes: Transcendental/Mystic and Extra-Sensory Perception), Embodied Processes (sub-theme: Control), and Perception of Reality (two sub-themes: Self-Awareness and Fantastic/Surreal Perceptions). Consideration of themes identified an inextricable link between perception, interpretation, and belief in ability. Within narratives, interviewees outlined, contextualised, and established the validity of their powers. They drew upon supporting autobiographical evidence from their life histories and obfuscated and/or discounted conventional explanations. Generally, accounts reflected individual attempts to comprehend and justify the nature and experience of professed abilities. The authors discuss these processes and suggest ways to extend and develop ensuing research.
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"P-G1-01 The effect of light on the demonstration of the extra sensory perception (ESP)." Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 65 (January 1996): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6107(97)80630-x.
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Tuzim, Kamila, and Agnieszka Korolczuk. "An update on extra-oral bitter taste receptors." Journal of Translational Medicine 19, no. 1 (October 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-03067-y.
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AbstractBitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of bitterness. Although in the first instance, TAS2Rs were considered to be exclusively distributed in the apical microvilli of taste bud cells, numerous studies have detected these sensory receptor proteins in several extra-oral tissues, such as in pancreatic or ovarian tissues, as well as in their corresponding malignancies. Critical points of extra-oral TAS2Rs biology, such as their structure, roles, signaling transduction pathways, extensive mutational polymorphism, and molecular evolution, have been currently broadly studied. The TAS2R cascade, for instance, has been recently considered to be a pivotal modulator of a number of (patho)physiological processes, including adipogenesis or carcinogenesis. The latest advances in taste receptor biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TAS2Rs as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in various disorders. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an update on the expression and molecular basis of TAS2Rs functions in distinct extra-oral tissues in health and disease. We shall also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel TAS2Rs targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles.
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Brümmer, Vincent. "Spirituality and the hermeneutics of faith." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 66, no. 1 (February 19, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v66i1.891.
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The first part of this essay argues that religious experience should not be viewed as an extraordinary kind of extra-sensory perception (visions, ecstasies etc) but as ‘hermeneutical’ in the sense that it entails an interpretation of our ordinary experience (including ordinary senseperception) or sometimes of particularly impressive experiences of the world and of our lives in the light of faith. The heritage of faith in a religious tradition provides believers with a framework of understanding in terms of which they can look on things with the eyes of faith. Various key features of this kind of interpretation are explained. The second part of the essay shows how various forms of spirituality are ways in which believers are trained in looking on life and the world with the eyes of faith and explains what this entails for the life of faith.