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1

Nzenwata, Uchenna J., Emokiniovo Edwin, Emmanuel A. Chukwu, Dare Osilaja, Johnson O. Hinmikaiye, and Chidiebere Enyinnah. "Extra Trees Model for Heart Disease Prediction." Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 13, no. 02 (2025): 125–39. https://doi.org/10.4236/jdaip.2025.132008.

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Galelli, S., and A. Castelletti. "Assessing the predictive capability of randomized tree-based ensembles in streamflow modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (2013): 2669–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2669-2013.

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Abstract. Combining randomization methods with ensemble prediction is emerging as an effective option to balance accuracy and computational efficiency in data-driven modelling. In this paper, we investigate the prediction capability of extremely randomized trees (Extra-Trees), in terms of accuracy, explanation ability and computational efficiency, in a streamflow modelling exercise. Extra-Trees are a totally randomized tree-based ensemble method that (i) alleviates the poor generalisation property and tendency to overfitting of traditional standalone decision trees (e.g. CART); (ii) is computa
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Galelli, S., and A. Castelletti. "Assessing the predictive capability of randomized tree-based ensembles in streamflow modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (2013): 1617–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1617-2013.

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Abstract. Combining randomization methods with ensemble prediction is emerging as an effective option to balance accuracy and computational efficiency in data-driven modeling. In this paper we investigate the prediction capability of extremely randomized trees (Extra-Trees), in terms of accuracy, explanation ability and computational efficiency, in a streamflow modeling exercise. Extra-Trees are a totally randomized tree-based ensemble method that (i) alleviates the poor generalization property and tendency to overfitting of traditional standalone decision trees (e.g. CART); (ii) is computatio
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Chahine, Khaled. "Tree-Based Algorithms and Incremental Feature Optimization for Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Photovoltaic Systems." Eng 6, no. 1 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6010020.

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Despite their significant environmental benefits, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are susceptible to malfunctions and performance degradation. This paper addresses detecting and diagnosing faults from a dataset representing a 250 kW PV power plant with three types of faults. A comprehensive dataset analysis is conducted to improve the dataset quality and uncover intricate relationships between features and the target variable. By introducing novel feature importance averaging techniques, a two-phase fault detection and diagnosis framework employing tree-based models is proposed to identify fau
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Nguyen, Tra Ngoc, Tien Ho-Phuoc, Dat Thanh Nguyen, and Minh Nhu Mac. "Stock Return Prediction using Machine Learning-Based Techniques." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 18, no. 12.2 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/ict-ud.2020.122.

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The paper attempts to forecast the intraday return of HNX index by using 3 machine learning models: Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Extra-Trees Classifier. Kernel principal component analysis is used for feature extraction and dimension reduction. The prediction performance is compared to the classic Logistic Regression’s. Our empirical results show that Extra-Trees Classifier has the highest prediction accuracy of about 55% which outperforms Logistic Regression by about 0.6%. Although both Extra-Trees Classifier and Random Forest (RF) are based on the same approach, the former alwa
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Peterson, D. L., S. S. Miller, and J. D. Whitney. "Harvesting Semidwarf Freestanding Apple Trees with an Over-the-row Mechanical Harvester." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (1994): 1114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1114.

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Three years of mechanical harvesting (shake and catch) trials with two freestanding apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars on a semidwarf rootstock (M.7a) and two training systems (central leader and open center) yielded 64% to 77% overall harvesting efficiency. Mechanically harvested `Bisbee Delicious' apples averaged 70% Extra Fancy and 10% Fancy grade, while two `Golden Delicious' strains (`Smoothee' and `Frazier Goldspur') averaged 40% Extra Fancy and 13% Fancy grade fruit. Mechanically harvesting fresh-market-quality apples from semidwarf freestanding trees was difficult and its potenti
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Alfian, Ganjar, Muhammad Syafrudin, Imam Fahrurrozi, et al. "Predicting Breast Cancer from Risk Factors Using SVM and Extra-Trees-Based Feature Selection Method." Computers 11, no. 9 (2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11090136.

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Developing a prediction model from risk factors can provide an efficient method to recognize breast cancer. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been applied to increase the efficiency of diagnosis at the early stage. This paper studies a support vector machine (SVM) combined with an extremely randomized trees classifier (extra-trees) to provide a diagnosis of breast cancer at the early stage based on risk factors. The extra-trees classifier was used to remove irrelevant features, while SVM was utilized to diagnose the breast cancer status. A breast cancer dataset consisting of 116 subjects w
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Mahkya, Dani Al, Khairil Anwar Notodiputro, and Bagus Sartono. "EXTRA TREES METHOD FOR STOCK PRICE FORECASTING WITH ROLLING ORIGIN ACCURACY EVALUATION." MEDIA STATISTIKA 15, no. 1 (2022): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/medstat.15.1.36-47.

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Stock is an investment instrument that has risk in its management. One effort to minimize this risk is to model and make further forecasts of stock price movements. Time series data forecasting with autoregressive models is often found in several cases with the most popular approach being the ARIMA model. The tree-based method is one of the algorithms that can be used to forecast both in classification and regression. One ensemble approach to tree-based methods is Extra Trees. This study aims to forecast using the Extra Trees algorithm by evaluating forecasting accuracy with Rolling Forecast O
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Qiu, Jing, Xiaoxu Geng, and Guanglu Sun. "Compressed Firmware Classification Based on Extra Trees and Doc2Vec." Scientific Programming 2021 (December 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2666153.

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Firmware formats vary from vendor to vendor, making it difficult to track which vendor or device the firmware belongs to, or to identify the firmware used in an embedded device. Current firmware analysis tools mainly distinguish firmware by static signatures in the firmware binary code. However, the extraction of a signature often requires careful analysis by professionals to obtain it and requires a significant investment of time and effort. In this paper, we use Doc2Vec to extract and process the character information in firmware, combine the file size, file entropy, and the arithmetic mean
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Xiao, Zhentao, Tianyi Wang, Shuai Zhang, and Zhiqiang Cai. "Prostate cancer diagnosis using resampling technology and extra trees." IET Conference Proceedings 2024, no. 12 (2025): 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2024.3436.

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Aziz, Toufiq, Mario R. Camana, Carla E. Garcia, Taewoong Hwang, and Insoo Koo. "REM-Based Indoor Localization with an Extra-Trees Regressor." Electronics 12, no. 20 (2023): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204350.

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As a widely established and accessible infrastructure, wireless local area networks (WLANs) have emerged as a viable option for indoor localization for both mobile and stationary users. However, WLANs present several challenges that must be fulfilled to achieve localization based on Wi-Fi signals and to obtain proper coverage prediction maps. This paper presents a study based on the application of extra-trees regression (ETR) for indoor localization using coverage prediction maps. The aim of the proposed method is to accurately estimate a user’s position within a radio environment map (REM) ar
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Erni, Erni, and Rabiatus Sa'adah. "Comparison of Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest in Detecting Heart Disease." SISTEMASI 13, no. 4 (2024): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v13i4.4163.

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The leading cause of human death is heart disease (HD) worldwide which generally occurs when the heart is unable to push enough fresh, oxidized blood to the rest of the body. This disease makes it more difficult for the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently and causes chest pain, chest pressure, shortness of breath, pain in the neck and jaw. The aim of this research is to compare and obtain the best accuracy results from the three methods used, namely Random Forest, Extra Trees Classifier and Naïve Bayes. The results of this research prove that the Extra Trees Classifier method with an accura
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Li, Xiang-Jun, Lin-Fei Dong, Ling-Xing Qin, Chai Shu, and Mei-Jie Ma. "The Reliability of Cayley Graphs Generated by Transposition Trees Based on Edge Failures." Symmetry 17, no. 6 (2025): 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060918.

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Extra edge connectivity is an important parameter for measuring the reliability of interconnection networks. Given a graph G and a non-negative integer h, the h-extra edge connectivity of G, denoted by λhG, is the minimum cardinality of a set of edges in G (if it exists) whose deletion disconnects G such that each remaining component contains at least h+1 vertices. In this paper, we obtain the h-extra edge connectivity of Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees for h≤5. As byproducts, we derive the h-extra edge connectivity of the star graph Sn and the bubble-sort graph Bn for h≤5.
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Putrayasa, Putu, Ema Utami, and Robert Marco. "Comparing Algorithms in Sentiment Analysis on DUKCAPIL App Reviews on Playstore Using Ensemble Learning Methods." G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan 9, no. 1 (2025): 190–201. https://doi.org/10.70609/gtech.v9i1.6020.

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The development of information and communication technology has significantly influenced public services, particularly through the adoption of mobile applications like DUKCAPIL, which simplifies access to population administration services. This study aims to analyze sentiment regarding the application by employing ensemble learning techniques and the SMOTE method to address data imbalance. The Extra Trees algorithm is compared against nine other algorithms, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and LSTM. Extra Trees achieves the highest accuracy of 95.29% and outperforms in precision, r
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KEO, OMALISS, NIGEL J. COLLAR, and WILLIAM J. SUTHERLAND. "Nest protectors provide a cost-effective means of increasing breeding success in Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea." Bird Conservation International 19, no. 1 (2009): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908008319.

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SummaryA main cause of nestling loss of the ‘Critically Endangered’ Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea appeared to be mammalian predation. Predator-exclusion devices were added to a randomly selected half of 52 nesting trees, with the other half acting as controls. The number of young fledged per nest was 50% higher for protected nests than control nests. Each protected nest produced almost two-thirds (0.63) of an extra chick. During the nestling period, the daily nestling survival rate was (99.9%) (equivalent to 90% survival over the nestling period) for protected nests and 99.3% (61.3% survival
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Otroshi‐Shahreza, Hatef, Arash Amini, and Hamid Behroozi. "Feature‐based no‐reference video quality assessment using Extra Trees." IET Image Processing 16, no. 6 (2022): 1531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12428.

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Russell, Matthew. "Do forests have the capacity for 1 trillion extra trees?" Significance 17, no. 6 (2020): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1740-9713.01461.

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Chen, Zhi-tao, Yong-kuo Liu, Nan Chao, Miyombo Miyombo Ernest, and Xiao-li Guo. "Gamma-rays buildup factor calculation using regression and Extra-Trees." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 209 (August 2023): 110997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110997.

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Purnomo, Indu Indah, and Gita Ayu Syafarina. "Analisis Prediktif Dan Preprocessing Untuk Kualitas Buah Apel Pendekatan Machine Learning." Technologia : Jurnal Ilmiah 15, no. 4 (2024): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/tji.v15i4.15945.

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Peningkatan prediksi kualitas buah apel melalui pendekatan machine learning dan analisis prediktif. Dengan menggunakan dataset yang mencakup berbagai variabel-variabel tersebut mencakup ukuran, berat, kemanisan, garing, juicy, kematangan, keasaman, dan kualitas sebagai variabel target. Penelitian ini berupaya memanfaatkan teknologi machine learning sebagai solusinya. Melalui pengumpulan data yang komprehensif mengenai berbagai karakteristik fisik dan kimia buah apel, serta penerapan berbagai algoritma klasifikasi seperti K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, dan Extra Gradient Boosting, peneliti
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Prachi Bhatnagar and Dr Sheshang Degadwala Degadwala. "Efficient Email Spam Classification with N-gram Features and Ensemble Learning." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 2 (2024): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/cseit2410220.

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In this paper, we present an innovative approach to enhancing email spam classification using N-gram features, TF-IDF weighting, SMOTE oversampling, and ensemble learning techniques such as Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Ensemble Extra Trees. Our methodology involves preprocessing the dataset to extract N-gram features, applying TF-IDF weighting to highlight important terms, and addressing class imbalance through SMOTE. We then train and evaluate multiple classification models and find that the Ensemble Extra Trees algorithm outperforms others in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and
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Manner, Jussi, Simon Berg, Martin Englund, Back Tomas Ersson, and Anders Mörk. "Innovative productivity improvements in forest operations: a comparative study of the Assortment Grapple using a machine simulator." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 11 (2020): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/104/2020-jfs.

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Because of generally small log piles, loading forwarders during thinning is time consuming. The Assortment Grapple, an innovative grapple with an extra pair of claws which facilitates the handling of two assortments during one loading crane cycle, has been designed to decrease forwarders’ loading time consumption. A standardized experiment was performed in a virtual thinning stand using a machine simulator with the objectives to form guidelines for working with the Assortment Grapple and to analyse its development potential. Four experienced operators participated in the study. According to th
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Heinimäki, Teemu J., and Tapio Elomaa. "Quality Measures for Improving Technology Trees." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/975371.

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The quality oftechnology treesin digital games can be improved by adjusting their structural and quantitative properties. Therefore, there is a demand for recognizing and measuring such properties. Part of the process can be automated; there are properties measurable by computers, and analyses based on the results (and visualizations of them) may help to produce significantly better technology trees, even practically without extra workload for humans. In this paper, we introduce useful technology tree properties and novel measuring features implemented into our software tool for manipulating t
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West, P. W., and G. H. R. Osier. "Growth response to thinning and its relation to site resources in Eucalyptusregnans." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 1 (1995): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-009.

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The factors determining individual tree growth response are examined during the 4 years following thinning in experiments in even-aged, 8- or 12-year-old regrowth Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell. forest at two sites in southern Australia. At one site, a vigorous understorey dominated by a sedge developed after the thinning. At that site, light-use efficiency by the trees was unaffected by thinning and the aboveground biomass production by the trees in the thinned stand was substantially less than that in the unthinned stand. At the other site, little understorey developed, light-use efficiency by t
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Md., Rezaul Islam, Shariful Islam Md., Shama Sharmin, Islam Chowdhury Aniruddha, and Masudul Hasan Lamyea Md. "Enhancing Bank Loan Approval Efficiency Using Machine Learning: An Ensemble Model Approach." Engineering and Technology Journal 9, no. 07 (2024): 4532–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12820040.

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Lending is a major source of income for banks, but identifying worthy borrowers who will consistently repay loans is a constant problem. From a pool of loan applicants, conventional selection procedures frequently fail to find the most qualified individuals. To make loan applications faster, we created a new system that uses machine learning to automatically find people who qualify for loans. This comprehensive analysis involves data preprocessing, effective data balancing using SMOTE, and the application of various machine learning models, including Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, K-
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Sommer, Robert, Fred Learey, Joshua Summit, and Matthew Tirrell. "The Social Benefits of Resident Involvement in Tree Planting." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 20, no. 3 (1994): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1994.032.

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City residents who planted their own street trees were more satisfied with the outcome than residents whose trees were planted by the city or an outside agency. Within the circumstances described in the study, those residents who paid for their trees were more satisfied with the outcomes than those who received them without extra charge from the city or from a voluntary organization. The results underscore the importance of active resident involvement in tree-planting programs.
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Ravikar, Aboli, Deepa A. Joshi, Radhika Menon, and Lalitkumar Wadhwa. "Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Self-Healing Smart Concrete Properties." E3S Web of Conferences 559 (2024): 04033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455904033.

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Self-Healing Smart Concrete has arisen as a promising solution to mitigate the detrimental effects of cracks and deterioration in concrete structures, enhancing their durability and longevity. It is a type of concrete that consists of substances or microbes which have the ability to self-heal fractures that may form over time as a result of a variety of circumstances including stress, weathering, or structural damage. As the laboratory experiments can be costly and time-consuming for analyzing the characteristics of Smart Concrete, machine learning algorithms can help to develop better formula
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Książek, Piotr, Urszula Libal, and Aleksandra Król-Nowak. "Spectral Components of Honey Bee Sound Signals Recorded Inside and Outside the Beehive: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach to Diurnal Pattern Recognition." Sensors 25, no. 14 (2025): 4424. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144424.

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This study investigates the impact of microphone placement on honey bee audio monitoring for time-of-day classification, a key step toward automated activity monitoring and anomaly detection. Recognizing the time-dependent nature of bee behavior, we aimed to establish a baseline diurnal pattern recognition method. A custom apparatus enabled simultaneous audio acquisition from internal (brood frame, protected from propolization) and external hive locations. Sound signals were preprocessed using Power Spectral Density (PSD). Extra Trees and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifiers were tra
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Setiawan, Muhamad Jodi, and Vinna Rahmayanti Setyaning Nastiti. "DANA App Sentiment Analysis: Comparison of XGBoost, SVM, and Extra Trees." Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer) 13, no. 3 (2024): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32736/sisfokom.v13i3.2239.

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This research aims to analyze sentiment on DANA application reviews to find out user perceptions by comparing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extra Trees Classifier classification methods. DANA application review data is obtained from the Kaggle site which consists of 50,000 Indonesian-language reviews labeled with positive and negative sentiments. The research stages include data preprocessing to clean and prepare the review text, applying word weighting using Word2Vec to give weight to words based on their context, balancing sentiment classes using SMOT
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Choi, Yunhee, Hongshik Ahn, and James J. Chen. "Regression trees for analysis of count data with extra Poisson variation." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 49, no. 3 (2005): 893–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.06.011.

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Airlangga, Gregorius. "Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Diabetes: Unveiling the Superiority of Advanced Ensemble Methods." G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan 8, no. 2 (2024): 1272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33379/gtech.v8i2.4246.

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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of various machine learning models to predict diabetes. The research evaluates and compares the predictive performance of advanced ensemble techniques Extra Trees Classifier and LightGBM with traditional machine learning algorithms and simpler deep neural network (DNN) architectures. The dataset comprises numerous features pertinent to diabetes diagnosis, such as glucose concentration, BMI, and insulin levels, among others. A methodology, including polynomial feature transformation and ten-fold cross-validation, was employed to ensure the study's re
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Checchetti, Andrea, Donato Martano, and Rosagnela Veltri. "Analysis and characterization of extra virgin olive oils." Open Schools Journal for Open Science 1, no. 1 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/osj.17420.

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Samples of extra virgin olive oils obtained from the olive trees of the territory of San Giovanni in Fiore (CS), Italy, and samples common brands of extra virgin olive oils sold on the national territory, have been analysed according to EU regulation n. 61/2011 of the Commission of 24 January 2011. The extra virgin oils examined were characterized by investigating their acidity, the number of peroxides, the rancidity, and the spectrophotometric parameters that provide useful elements for assessing the composition and the quality. Furthermore, the infrared analysis provides useful data that hel
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Abella, Scott R., Peter Z. Fulé, and W. Wallace Covington. "Diameter Caps for Thinning Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests: Viewpoints, Effects, and Tradeoffs." Journal of Forestry 104, no. 8 (2006): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/104.8.407.

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Abstract Upper size limits of trees allowed to be cut, termed diameter caps, have resulted in polarization, litigation, and delays and alterations to thinning projects in many western forests. Using southwestern ponderosa pine forests as an example, we summarize viewpoints on caps, simulateeffects of caps on thinning prescriptions, and provide examples of ecosystem-level tradeoffs of leaving extra trees during thinning projects. The importance placed on trees versus other ecosystem components primarily differentiates those who support caps and those who do not. We conclude that diameter caps m
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Hikmah, Agung Baitul. "Optimasi Hyperparameter Ensemble Learning untuk Prediksi Penyakit Liver Berdasarkan Data Pasien." Jurnal SISKOM-KB (Sistem Komputer dan Kecerdasan Buatan) 8, no. 3 (2025): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.47970/siskom-kb.v8i3.798.

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Penyakit liver merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan serius yang memerlukan deteksi dini guna meningkatkan peluang pengobatan yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model prediksi penyakit liver berdasarkan data pasien dengan menggunakan teknik ensemble learning, yaitu Random Forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, dan Extra Trees Classifier. Dataset yang digunakan mencakup berbagai parameter medis pasien yang berkontribusi terhadap diagnosis penyakit liver. Evaluasi model dilakukan menggunakan metrik akurasi, AUC, recall, precision, dan F1-score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ext
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Robinson, Terence L., William F. Millier, James A. Throop, Stephen G. Carpenter, and Alan N. Lakso. "Mechanical Harvestability of Y-shaped and Pyramid-shaped `Empire' and `Delicious' Apple Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 3 (1990): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.3.368.

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Mature `Empire' and `Redchief Delicious' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) trained to a Y-shaped trellis (Y/M.26) or trained as pyramid-shaped central leaders (CL/M.7) were mechanically harvested with the Cornell trunk recoil-impact shaker during 4 years. With `Empire', fruit removal from the Y/M.26 trees (85% to 90%) was significantly less than from the CL/M.7 trees (95% to 97%). With `Delicious' there were no differences in fruit removal (90% to 95%) between the two tree forms in any year. When the catching pad was on the ground, fruit grade based on damage was only slightly better for th
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Parks, Staci, and Thayne Montague. "Influence of irrigation regime on gas exchange, growth, and oil quality of field grown, Texas (USA) olive trees." Open Agriculture 7, no. 1 (2022): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0082.

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Abstract Olive (Olea europaea L.) oil production is an emerging industry in Texas (USA). However, limited research has been conducted to determine best irrigation practices for Texas growers. In this study, established “Arbequina” olive trees from three south Texas orchard locations were used to investigate effects of irrigation volume on olive tree gas exchange, growth, and oil quality. Twelve-year-old trees were exposed to three irrigation regimes. Over the course of two growing seasons, leaf gas exchange, shoot growth, and oil quality were measured. Data from a single orchard and growing se
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Bunnaen, Wutthisak. "Ability to Make Extra Income Agriculture of Agriculturist in Rubber Plantations in Somdet District, Karasin Province. Thailand." Archives of Agriculture Research and Technology (AART) 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.54026/aart/1076.

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The present agriculturists in Thailand are still facing the problem of gaining less profit from growing rubber trees. The main reason is that it takes a very long time for the rubber trees to grow until they can produce rubber latex. For this reason, some agriculturists have less income while waiting for the rubber trees' growth. So, some agriculturists decide to grow other useful plants to increase revenue, such as cassava, corn, etc. From the study of agricultural potentiality, in Somdet district, Kalasin province, using 20 percent of the population randomly, agriculturists can increase addi
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Toche Tchio, Guy M., Joseph Kenfack, Joseph Voufo, Yves Abessolo Mindzie, Blaise Fouedjou Njoya, and Sanoussi S. Ouro-Djobo. "Diagnosing faults in a photovoltaic system using the Extra Trees ensemble algorithm." AIMS Energy 12, no. 4 (2024): 727–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2024034.

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The application of machine learning techniques for monitoring and diagnosing faults in photovoltaic (PV) systems has been shown to enhance the reliability of PV power generation. This research introduced a novel machine learning classifier for fault diagnosis in PV systems, utilizing an ensemble algorithm known as extra trees (ETC). The study initially proposed a system with two PV modules and developed a low-cost Arduino-based data logger to gather data from the PV system in free-fault and faulty conditions. Subsequently, the study evaluated six other advanced classifiers for fault diagnosis
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Ram, P. Sathya Sai, C. Sravan Kumar, Mukund Pandey, D. Rakesh, V. Naveen, and K. Prem Kumar. "End to End Car Selling Portal By Loan Prediction Using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43870.

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Abstract: Cars have become an asset even though it’s a liability for common use because of the comforts it provides, users wouldn’t want to miss out on the different brands and luxuries it gives but jolting down the types , prices, and the finance part becomes hectic and a consumer usually buys it offline, but what if processes can be done faster digitally?. Buying online can significantly give many options for users/consumers .We are creating a solution by integrating a web application created using Express, React, Node.js, Google Firebase with Machine learning using the Random Forest Classif
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Vokina, V. R., A. S. Avdyukov, A. A. Lesiv, I. A. Krupkin, and A. N. Emelyanov. "The solution of the task of dynamic interpretation of seismic data using machine learning methods." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (October 20, 2024): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2024-5-117-131.

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This article examines the problem of dynamically interpreting seismic data using machine learning models, which include Extremely Randomized Trees (Extra Trees), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) for the given problem. The study analyzes some existing solutions of the problem and describes the advantages of these machine learning models. Accuracy is estimated using the root mean square error metric. The authors found that dynamic interpretation and prediction of seismic data using these machine learning methods had not been extensively explored in research on related top
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Pagliaro, Antonio. "Forecasting Significant Stock Market Price Changes Using Machine Learning: Extra Trees Classifier Leads." Electronics 12, no. 21 (2023): 4551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214551.

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Predicting stock market fluctuations is a difficult task due to its intricate and ever-changing nature. To address this challenge, we propose an approach to minimize forecasting errors by utilizing a classification-based technique, which is a widely used set of algorithms in the field of machine learning. Our study focuses on the potential effectiveness of this approach in improving stock market predictions. Specifically, we introduce a new method to predict stock returns using an Extra Trees Classifier. Technical indicators are used as inputs to train our model while the target is the percent
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Medvedev, Alexey, and Gábor Pete. "Speeding up non-Markovian first-passage percolation with a few extra edges." Advances in Applied Probability 50, no. 3 (2018): 858–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2018.39.

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Abstract One model of real-life spreading processes is that of first-passage percolation (also called the SI model) on random graphs. Social interactions often follow bursty patterns, which are usually modelled with independent and identically distributed heavy-tailed passage times on edges. On the other hand, random graphs are often locally tree-like, and spreading on trees with leaves might be very slow due to bottleneck edges with huge passage times. Here we consider the SI model with passage times following a power-law distribution ℙ(ξ>t)∼t-α with infinite mean. For any finite connected
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Seyyedattar, Masoud, Sohrab Zendehboudi, and Stephen Butt. "Relative Permeability Modeling Using Extra Trees, ANFIS, and Hybrid LSSVM–CSA Methods." Natural Resources Research 31, no. 1 (2021): 571–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-021-09950-1.

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Dalleau, Kevin, Miguel Couceiro, and Malika Smail-Tabbone. "Unsupervised extra trees: a stochastic approach to compute similarities in heterogeneous data." International Journal of Data Science and Analytics 9, no. 4 (2020): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41060-020-00214-4.

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Lázaro, Flávio L., Tomás Madeira, Rui Melicio, Duarte Valério, and Luís F. F. M. Santos. "Identifying Human Factors in Aviation Accidents with Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Models." Aerospace 12, no. 2 (2025): 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020106.

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The use of machine learning techniques to identify contributing factors in air incidents has grown significantly, helping to identify and prevent accidents and improve air safety. In this paper, classifier models such as LS, KNN, Random Forest, Extra Trees, and XGBoost, which have proven effective in classification tasks, are used to analyze incident reports parsed with natural language processing (NLP) techniques, to uncover hidden patterns and prevent future incidents. Metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score and accuracy are used to assess the degree of correctness of the predictive mode
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Breskvar, Martin, Dragi Kocev, and Sašo Džeroski. "Ensembles for multi-target regression with random output selections." Machine Learning 107 (July 11, 2018): 1673–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-018-5744-y.

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We address the task of multi-target regression, where we generate global models that simultaneously predict multiple continuous variables. We use ensembles of generalized decision trees, called predictive clustering trees (PCTs), in particular bagging and random forests (RF) of PCTs and extremely randomized PCTs (extra PCTs). We add another dimension of randomization to these ensemble methods by learning individual base models that consider random subsets of target variables, while leaving the input space randomizations (in RF PCTs and extra PCTs) intact. Moreover, we propose a new ensemble pr
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Zhalnerchyk, Pavel, Andrzej A. Przybyła, and Franciszka Jaumień. "Influence Of Chemicals Of Arbolin Group On Branching Of Maiden Trees Of Three Apple Cultivars." Journal of Horticultural Research 23, no. 2 (2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2015-0019.

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Abstract Studies realized in 2008 and 2009 proved that Neo Arbolin Extra (10 g GA4+7 and 50 g BA in 1 l of solution) and Neo Arbolin (18 g GA4+7 and 18 g BA in 1 l of solution) applied separately or with Algamino Plant (18% extract from seaweeds and 10% of potassium salt of amino acids) stimulated the development of axillary buds on apple maiden trees of ‘Ligol’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Mutsu’ cultivars grafted on M.9 rootstock, thus enhancing the number of feathers longer than 10 cm. Preparations were applied twice, from the middle of June to July 9. Results differed between years, which may
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Bedoya, Oscar, Santiago Rodríguez, Jenny Patricia Muñoz, and Jared Agudelo. "Application of Machine Learning Techniques for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome." Life 14, no. 5 (2024): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14050587.

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Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a condition linked to severe cardiovascular and neuropsychological consequences, characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to compromised ventilation, hypoxemia, and micro-arousals. Polysomnography (PSG) serves as the gold standard for confirming OSAHS, yet its extended duration, high cost, and limited availability pose significant challenges. In this paper, we employ a range of machine learning techniques, including Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Extra Tre
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Tu, Yang, Yan-Xia Zhang, Yong-Heng Zhao, and Hai-Jun Tian. "Comparison of Approaches to Photometric Redshift Estimation of Quasars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S319 (2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315009989.

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AbstractWe probe many kinds of approaches used for photometric redshift estimation of quasars, including KNN (K-nearest neighbor algorithm), Lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), PLS (Partial Least Square regression), ridge regression, SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) and Extra-Trees.
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Rahman, Md Nahul. "Applications of Tree Based Regressors in Predicting Factor of Safety in Slope Stability and Observing Feature Importance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 7379–89. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71777.

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In the geotechnical engineering field, it is required to anticipate the Factor of Safety (FOS) in slope stability precisely in order to assess the possibility of slope failure and guarantee infrastructure safety. This research utilizes a thorough slope stability dataset to inspect how well six tree-based regression models—Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extra Trees, AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost—predict the FOS. With the target of predicting the continuous FOS value, the dataset covers 10,000 samples with eight vital geotechnical parameters and one categorical reinforcement feature. U
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A.Gowtham, K. Nanda Kishore Reddy, and M. Somu Sekhar Naik. "Securing Smart Contracts in Fog Computing: Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection for Registration and Resource Access Granting." International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 09, Special Issue ICCIS (2025): 48–54. https://doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2025.iccis-202507.

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Abstract - Attack resistance in smart contracts has become one of the paramount concerns in this fog computing evolving landscape. Based on this problem, this study utilizes machine learning for the detection of attacks from the analysis of Ethereum transaction data and smart contract interactions. There are different methods for feature extraction: Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Bag of Words (BoW), and N-gram methods for converting raw data into readable formats by machine. Several machine learning classifiers, including XGBoost, Random Forest, Light Gradient Boosting, an
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