Relevant bibliographies by topics / Extracellular polymeric.substances

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Extracellular polymeric.substances'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Extracellular polymeric.substances"

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Li, Ningjie, Linbo Fu, Lei Wu, Zhongwei Chen, and Qi Lan. "Influence of culture conditions on extracellular polymeric substances production by the white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817501004.

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The extracellular polymeric substances of white rot fungi play an important role in the adsorption of heavy metals, but the influence of culture conditions on extracellular polymeric substances production is still unknown. In this paper, we researched on the influence of temperature, incubation time, the rotational speed and the inoculation volume on the yield of extracellular polymeric substances produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a model strain of white rot fungi. The results show that the optimum culture conditions for Phanerochaete chrysosporium to produce extracellular polymeric substances was culturing at 40 °C, incubating for 5 d, rotating at 100 rpm, and inoculating 0.5 ml of spore suspension with concentration of 2.5×106 spores/ml. The highest yield of EPS was 234.65 mg/g when the fungi was cultured at 100 rpm, 40 °C and incubated for 5 days. This study can provide useful information for the follow-up experiments related to extracellular polymeric substances of white rot fungi
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Bello-Morales, Raquel, Sabina Andreu, Vicente Ruiz-Carpio, Inés Ripa, and José Antonio López-Guerrero. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals." Viruses 14, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061337.

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Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.
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Zhang, Xiaoqi, and Paul L. Bishop. "Biodegradability of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances." Chemosphere 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00319-3.

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Chen, Ming‐Yuan, Duu‐Jong Lee, and J. H. Tay. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Fouling Layer." Separation Science and Technology 41, no. 7 (June 2006): 1467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390600683597.

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Gong, Amy S., Carl H. Bolster, Magda Benavides, and Sharon L. Walker. "Extraction and Analysis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Comparison of Methods and Extracellular Polymeric Substance Levels inSalmonella pullorumSA 1685." Environmental Engineering Science 26, no. 10 (October 2009): 1523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0398.

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Li, Qiang, Ge Hu, Peng Song, Natsagdorj Khaliunaa, Rooha Khurram, Hu Zhang, Xuguo Liu, et al. "Membrane fouling of actual extracellular polymeric substances." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 647 (January 27, 2021): 012112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/647/1/012112.

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Ahsan, Nazmul, Kashfia Faruque, Farah Shamma, Nazrul Islam, and Anwarul A. Akhand. "Arsenic adsorption by Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 28, no. 2 (September 5, 2012): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11821.

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The main objective of this work was to isolate arsenic resistant bacteria from contaminated soil, followed by screening for their ability to adsorb arsenic. Six bacterial isolates (S1 to S6) were obtained from arsenic contaminated soil samples and among these, five (S1, S2, S3, S5 and S6) were characterized as bacillus and the rest one (S4) was cocci depending on shape. All the isolates except S6 produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the culture medium and displayed arsenic adsorbing activities demonstrated by adsorption of around 90% from initial concentration of 1 mg/L sodium arsenite. To clarify the role of EPS, we killed the bacteria that produced EPS and used these killed bacteria to see whether they could still adsorb arsenic or not. We found that they could adsorb arsenic similarly like that of EPS produced live bacterial isolates. From the observation it is concluded that these isolates showed potentiality to adsorb arsenic and hence might be used for bioremediation of arsenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11821 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 80-83
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Zhang, Guojun, Shulan Ji, Xue Gao, and Zhongzhou Liu. "Adsorptive fouling of extracellular polymeric substances with polymeric ultrafiltration membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 309, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.012.

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Yu, Guang-Hui, Pin-Jing He, Li-Ming Shao, Duu-Jong Lee, and Arun S. Mujumdar. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Extracellular Enzymes in Aerobic Granules." Drying Technology 28, no. 7 (June 30, 2010): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2010.490766.

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Cui, You-Wei, Yun-Peng Shi, and Xiao-Yu Gong. "Effects of C/N in the substrate on the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and extracellular polymeric substances by Haloferax mediterranei via kinetic model analysis." RSC Advances 7, no. 31 (2017): 18953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02131c.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extracellular polymeric.substances"

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Ren, Baisha. "Understanding Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Nitrifying Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32879.

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Water and wastewater treatment solutions incorporating biofilm systems are becoming increasingly popular due to more stringent regulations pertaining to drinking water and wastewater effluent discharge in Canada and in other parts of the world. As a major component of biofilm, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been considered as an important factor affecting the physical and chemical properties of biofilm. Further, the selected method of EPS extraction and the methods of detecting the composition of the EPS have shown to affect the results of EPS measurements. In this research, protocols for EPS extraction and EPS composition analysis were investigated and optimized for nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) biofilm. In addition, the confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) spectra of EPS in nitrifying MBBR biofilm and the protein, polysaccharide and extracellular DNA (eDNA) percent concentrations of the EPS were investigated at various operating temperatures. Further, the CRM spectra and the protein, polysaccharide and eDNA percent concentration of EPS in nitrifying MBBR biofilm along with the biofilm morphology and thickness and the viability of the embedded cells were investigated at various hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The EPS was characterized at various temperatures and HRTs in order to investigate potential correlation between the EPS components of the nitrifying biofilm and the ammonia removal kinetics. The biofilm morphology and thickness along with the bacterial viability of the biofilm were also investigated at various HRTs. Biofilm morphology images and thickness measurements were acquired using a variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM). The percentages of viable embedded cells in the biofilm were quantified using live/dead staining in combination with confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) imaging. The research demonstrates that an increase in protein content and subsequently a decrease in polysaccharides and eDNA contents in the EPS of nitrifying MBBR biofilm were observed at the lowest operational HRT and the highest temperature in this work. In particular, the EPS protein to polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio of nitrifying MBBR systems was shown to significantly decrease below a value of 3 when the system was underloaded (observed at the highest operational temperature in this study) or hydraulically overloaded (observed at the lowest HRT in this study). As such, data obtained at lower operational temperatures, with the system no longer underloaded, and at longer HRTs, with the system no longer hydraulically overloaded, all demonstrate an EPS PN/PS ratio of approximately 3. Correlations were observed between the chemically measured EPS PN/PS ratios and the measured Raman spectra intensity ratios; supporting the concept of higher PN/PS ratios of EPS in more optimal nitrifying MBBR operations. Further, the ammonia removal kinetics and EPS response at HRT values of 0.75 and 1.0 h indicate that nitrifying MBBR systems may be optimized to operate at HRTs as low as 0.75 to 1.0 hour as opposed to conventional HRTs of 2.0 to 6.0 h.
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Lubarsky, Helen V. "The impact of microbial extracellular polymeric substances on sediment stability." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2099.

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The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the impact of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on sediment stability and the related factors which influence “biogenic stabilisation” as a basis to the prediction of sediment erosion and transport. The ability to make direct and sensitive measurements of the physical properties of the biofilm is a critical demand to further understanding of the overall biostabilisation processes. Therefore, attention has been focused on developing a new technique, Magnetic Particle Induction (MagPI) for measuring the adhesive properties of the biofilm. MagPI determines the relative adhesive properties or “stickiness” of the test surface, whether a biofilm, a sediment or other submerged material. The technique may have future applications in physical, environmental and biomedical research. Newly developed Magnetic Particle Induction(MagPI) and traditional techniques Cohesive Strength Meter (CSM) for the determination of the adhesion/cohesion of the substratum were used to assess the biostabilisation capacity of aquatic microorganisms. Whilst these devices determine slightly different surface properties of the bed, they were found to complement each other, increasing the range of measurements that could be made and presented a strong correlation in the overlapping portion of the data. It is recognized that microorganisms inhabiting natural sediments significantly mediate the erosive response of the bed (“ecosystem engineers”) through the secretion of naturally adhesive organic material (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances). Interactions between main biofilm consortia microalgae, cyanobacteria and bacteria in terms of their individual contribution to the EPS pool and their relative functional contribution to substratum stabilisation were investigated. The overall stabilisation potential of the various assemblages was impressive, as compared to controls. The substratum stabilisation by estuarine microbial assemblages was due to the secreted EPS matrix, and both EPS quality (carbohydrates and proteins) and quantity (concentration) were important in determining stabilisation. Stabilisation was significantly higher for the bacterial assemblages than for axenic microalgal assemblages. The peak of engineering effect was significantly greater in the mixed assemblage as compared to the bacterial and axenic diatom culture. This work confirmed the important role of heterotrophic bacteria in “biostabilisation” and highlighted the interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic biofilm components of the consortia. An additional approach, to investigate the impact of toxins on biostabilisation capacity of aquatic organism was performed on cultured bacterial and natural freshwater biofilm. The data suggest a different mode of triclosan (TCS) action ranging from suppressing metabolisms to bactericidal effects depending on the TCS concentration. The inhibitory effect of triclosanon bacterial and freshwater biofilms was confirmed. This information contributes to the conceptual understanding of the microbial sediment engineering that represents an important ecosystem function and service in aquatic habitats.
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Akbar, Sirwan. "Gram negative bacterial biofilm formation and characterisation of extracellular polymeric substances." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/30236/.

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Gram negative bacteria such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundii are often associated with multiple drug resistance and the generation of nosocomial infections. In the current study several clinical strains of theses bacteria (Ps 1, Ps 3, Ps 5, St 18, St 51, St 53 and C. freundii) and two culture collection strains Ps 10421 and St 9203 were evaluated for their ability to generate biofilms and the characteristics of the associated extracellular polysaccharides they produced. The ability of these strains to develop biofilms on a range of media and with a number of carbon sources was investigated. A range of mineral media employing glucose, ethanol and glycerol were developed in such a way as to ensure they did not contain compounds that interfere with extracellular polysaccharide analysis allowing a more in depth analysis of the extracellular polysaccharide generated by the bacteria under investigation. Following an assessment of the biofilm forming potential of all the strains under consideration, three were singled out for particular attention, i.e. Ps 3, St 53 and C. freundii strain isolated during this investigation. Two of strains were chosen for the strength of their biofilm forming potential (Ps 3 and St 53), on the other hand C. freundii was chosen because the scientific literature contains very little published information regarding its extracellular polysaccharide and its biofilm forming characteristics. These bacteria were able to produce biofilm on both hydrophobic (plastic) and hydrophilic (glass) surfaces. In order to get a broader understanding of the biofilm forming capabilities of these bacteria their whole genomes were sequenced and subsequently published. These genomes demonstrated that St 53 and C. freundii both contained the pgaABCD which is known to be associated with biofilm formation. Whilst Ps 3 contains a full complement of pel (PA3058-PA3064), psl (PA2231-2245) and alginate biosynthesis operons (PA3540-3548) related to biofilm formation. In addition all three species contained genes associated with virulence, pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. The generation and extraction of extracellular polymeric substance generated by these three bacteria underwent a period of optimisations which included an optimisation of both the media and the growth conditions and the extraction process. In particular the use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was found to be critical with 0-5% TCA considered optimum for the removal of proteins prior to polysaccharide extraction. This is far less than has been previously employed in studies on lactic acid bacteria, however when used with the Gram negative bacteria investigated here, high levels of TCA degraded the polysaccharide that was being generated preventing its extraction in the quantities required for analysis. Analysis of the polysaccharides produced by St 53, Ps 3, and C. freundii, all demonstrated typical NMR spectra associated with bacterial extracellular polysaccharide. However, the NMR spectra from these polysaccharides also contained peaks typical of the presence of dextran. The use of a fungal dextranase confirmed the presence of a dextran like polymer in the polysaccharide generated by these bacteria. This indicated that all three of these bacteria generated complex polysaccharides with at least two components one mannose rich and the second a dextran like glucose rich polymer. This is the first report of a dextran being associated with the EPS of these bacteria and suggests that the Pel polysaccharide of P. aeruginosa is a dextran. Investigation of bacterial pathogenicity focussed on Ps 3 since P. aeruginosa is the most pathogenic of the three species investigated. The culture collection strain Ps 10421 failed to produce outer membrane vesicles (OMV) without antibiotic treatment, however Ps 3 generated OMV under normal growth conditions generating more when grown on ethanol rather than glucose. In order to investigate the impact of ethanol vs glucose grown culture a wax worm pathogenicity model was employed. This model revealed that ethanol grown cells were more pathogenic than glucose grown cells. This difference could be attributed to the effects of type of carbon sources that induce virulence genes to generate more toxins. Transcriptomic analysis of Ps 3 grown with ethanol vs growth on glucose revealed large differences in gene expression but no definitive evidence of which cellular processes were responsible for this enhanced pathogenicity associated with grown on ethanol.
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Pen, Yu. "Conformational and mechanical properties of bacterial mycolic acid and extracellular polymeric substances." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566700.

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Rhodococcus has been used in bioremediation because of its low eco- toxicity, high tolerance to harsh environments, and ability to be cultivated in mixed microbial consortia with certain contaminants as its nutrients. Excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) allows Rhodococcus to trap and to effectively degrade contaminants. Mycolic acid (MA) which covers the cell wall provides Rhodococcus with a hydrophobic cell surface to contact hydrocarbon contaminant droplets. This work concerns the influence of the conformational change in MA and rhodococcal EPS on their mechanical properties. Neutron reflection revealed that when the solution pH increases, a hydration layer is generated between the bound (hydrophobic) MA (LB _MA) and the silicon substrate, whereas the intermolecular repulsion unfolds the extractable (hydrophilic) MA (LS_MA), and allows water to fill in the formerly folded space. Force spectroscopy using a polystyrene colloidal probe showed that the strength of the adhesion force between a hydrophobic particle and MA is affected by the conformation of MA. The existence of a hydration layer in the MA enhances cell adhesion. Classical DLVO theory indicated that the electrostatic force dominates the long range (a distance larger than the Debye length) interactions between a polystyrene (hydrophobic) particle and MA, whereas the van der Waals force has a negligible influence. EPS generated at the early exponential phase (E EPS) and the late stationary phase (S EPS) of Rhodococcus manifested different physiochemical and mechanical properties. Force spectroscopy using Rhodococcus as a bacterial cell probe suggested that S EPS possess a higher differential capacitance than E EPS do for cells to store charges and energy. The nonspecific binding sites to silicon (an abundant material in the sediments of groundwater) are not evenly distributed; they exist mainly in S EPS close to the cell surface, but rarely in E EPS. Therefore, S EPS have a stronger adhesion to the silicon surface than E EPS do. Contraction and stretch of the EPS chains affect the strength of the adhesion force to a silicon surface. S EPS possess a better resilience against compression than E EPS do, thus retaining water in both S EPS and the inner E EPS. 4
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Rode, Alexander. "Isolierung und Charakterisierung von bakteriellen extrazellulären polymeren Substanzen aus Biofilmen / Isolation and characterization of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances from biofilms." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2004. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-09132004-102114/.

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Microorganisms in biofilms are kept together by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS are key molecules for the structure, function and organization of biofilms. Chemical and / or physical isolation methods are being used for the quantitative separation of EPS from biofilms. The yield of EPS depends on the method of isolation. Four different methods of EPS isolation were used in this work (separation by stirring and centrifugation, use of a cation exchange resin, extraction with formaldehyde and extraction with formaldehyde and NaOH) on pure culture biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biofilms from sewage treatment systems. The isolation by stirring and centrifugation was suitable for pure culture biofilms. If calcium was present in the growth medium stirring and centrifugation alone was not sufficient. The isolation of EPS was successful with the cation exchange method. The method of choice for the isolation of EPS from environmental biofilms was the cation exchange method. EPS from pure culture biofilms of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens did not only consist of polysaccharides, but also of significant amounts of proteins. In environmental biofilms humic substances and DNA were found in addition to polysaccharides and proteins. Detailed studies of the EPS from P. aeruginosa showed, that the EPS consisted of 70 % (w/w) of alginate. Alginate showed a clear heterogeneity in relation to charge (acetylated and non-acetylated fraction) and molar mass. Neutral carbohydrates were not found in the EPS after total hydrolysis followed by thin layer chromatography. Proteins amounted to 28 % (w/w) of the EPS. It is assumable that this not only related to enzymes, but also structural proteins (e. g. lectins). Rhamnose lipids (mainly di-rhamno lipid) were also found in the EPS (small amount of 1 % (w/w)); these molecules may also play an important role in the development of the biofilm structure. By increasing the time of biofilm cultivation P. aeruginosa produced (related to cell number) more EPS (mainly alginate). The composition of the EPS was depending on the nutrient medium. In synthetic media high amounts of polysaccharides and almost no proteins (in contrast to rich media) were detected in the EPS. EPS of pure culture biofilms of P. fluorescens contained carbohydrates (57 % (w/w)) and proteins (28 % (w/w)). Acetyl groups (5 % (w/w)) and glucose and galactose after hydrolysis and thin layer chromatography were detected in the EPS. Possibly the exopolysaccharide of P. fluorescens is an acetylated galactoglucan. In the analyzed sludges of waste water treatment proteins followed by carbohydrates made up the main components of the EPS. Humic substances and small amounts of DNA were detected in these EPS. The EPS of aquatic biofilms contained large amounts of humic substances. Uronic acids were not detected in any analyzed environmental biofilm. Therefore acidic polysaccharides in these biofilms cannot play any role in the stabilization of biofilms by cross linking the EPS with multivalent cations. Instead of that, humic substances, nucleic acids and acidic proteins could be responsible for cross linking.
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Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun. "Water quality, biomass and extracellular polymeric substances in an integrated algae pond system." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/57307.

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Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) combine the use of anaerobic and aerobic bioprocesses to effect wastewater treatment. Although, IAPS as a technology process offers many advantages including efficient and simultaneous N and P removal, no requirement for additional chemicals, O2 generation, CO2 mitigation, and a biomass with potential for valorization, a lack of technological advancement and the need for large land area, has limited the reach of this technology at industrial scale. In mitigation, peroxonation was introduced as a tertiary treatment unit and its effect on COD and TSS of IAPS treated water investigated. An effort was made to characterize the soluble but persistent COD in IAPS treated water and, productivity of the HRAOP mixed liquor was investigated to gain insight into the potential use of this biomass. Results show that peroxone treatment effectively reduced COD, TSS, and nutrient load of IAPS water without any significant impact on land area requirement. Indeed, summary data describing the effect of peroxone on quality of IAPS-treated water confirmed that it complies with the general limit values for either irrigation or discharge into a water resource that is not a listed water resource for volumes up to 2 ML of treated wastewater on any given day. Extraction followed by FT-IR spectroscopy was used to confirm albeit tentatively, the identity of the soluble but persistent COD in IAPS treated water as MaB-floc EPS. Results show that MaB-flocs from HRAOPs are assemblages of microorganisms produced as discrete aggregates as a result of microbial EPS production. A relationship between photosynthesis and EPS production was established by quantification of the EPS following exposure of MaB-flocs to either continuous light or darkness. Several novel strains of bacteria were isolated from HRAOP mixed liquor and 16S ribosomal genomic sequence analysis resulted in the molecular characterization of Planococcus maitriensis strain ECCN 45b. This is the first report of Planococcus maitriensis from a wastewater treatment process. Productivity and change in MaB-flocs concentration, measured as mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) between morning and evening were monitored and revealed that MLSS is composed of microalgae and bacteria but not fungi. Concentration varied from 77 mg L-1 in September (winter) to 285 mg L-1 in November (spring); pond productivity increased from 5.8 g m-2 d-1 (winter) to 21.5 g m-2 d-1 (spring); and, irrespective of MLSS concentration in late afternoon, approximately 39% was lost overnight, which presumably occurred due to passive removal by the algae settling pond. The outcomes of this research are discussed in terms of the quality of treated water, and the further development of IAPS as a platform technology for establishing a biorefinery within the wastewater treatment sector.
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Bura, Renata. "Properties and occurrence of lipids in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge flocs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0023/MQ50331.pdf.

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Haslett, Norman G. "Factors influencing the production and nature of surface-associated Pseudomonas fragi extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295391.

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Leung, Pui-chi, and 梁佩芝. "Effects of extracellular polymeric substances on the bioflocculation and sedimendation of diatom blooms and activated sludge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29512153.

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Milner, Clare. "The possible role of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Staphylococcus epidermidis in biomaterial-centered infections." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320235.

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The aim of this project was to determine the possible role of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of <I>Staphylococcus epidermidis</I> in biomaterial-centered infections. The first part of the project involved the production, isolation, and characterisation of <I>S.epidermidis</I> EPS. A novel method for the isolation of EPS from complex medium was developed which was able to eliminate the problems associated with contamination of bacterial EPS by medium components. Using this method, samples of EPS were obtained from <I>S.epidermidis</I> ATCC 35984 and clinical isolates. In the second part of the project, studies were carried out in order to determine the effect of EPS-eradicating treatments on (a) the susceptibility of stationary phase planktonic cultures to antibiotics, and (b) the integrity of intact biofilms. Eradication of EPS was achieved by exposure of planktonic stationary phase cultures of a clarithromycin-resistant strain of <I>S.epidermidis</I> (Clar<sup>r</sup> No.6) to clarithromycin<sup>*</sup>. This antibiotic had no effect on the growth or viability of this strain, however, exposure to clarithromycin resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the dry weight of EPS obtained (5 μg ml<sup>-1</sup> = 50% reduction, 10 μg ml<sup>-1</sup> = 65% reduction). This result was also achieved with stationary phase cultures of a clarithromycin-sensitive strain of <I>S.epidermidis</I> (16595A). The effect of clarithromycin exposure (EPS eradication) on the subsequent efficacies of the antibiotics teicoplanin, cefuroxime and ciprofloxacin, towards stationary phase planktonic cultures of <I>S.epidermidis</I> Clar<sup>r</sup> No.6 was determined by total and viable cell counts. No effect on cell viability was observed for combinations of clarithromycin and teicoplanin or ciprofloxacin. However, the 2 to 3 log reduction in viability that was observed for combinations of clarithromycin and cefuroxime suggested that these two antibiotics may have been working in synergy. <sup>*</sup> Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic which is thought to act on the 50 S ribosomal subunit of bacteria which will then interfere with protein synthesis and in turn lead to inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Books on the topic "Extracellular polymeric.substances"

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Wingender, Jost, Thomas R. Neu, and Hans-Curt Flemming, eds. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7.

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Wingender, Jost. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Characterization, Structure and Function. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999.

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Bura, Renata. Properties and occurrence of lipids in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge flocs. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Neu, Thomas R. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances. Island Press, 1999.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt, Jost Wingender, and Thomas R. Neu. Perfect Slime: Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances. IWA Publishing, 2016.

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Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: Characterization, structure, and function. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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(Editor), Jost Wingender, Thomas R. Neu (Editor), and Hans-Curt Flemming (Editor), eds. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Characterization, Structure and Function. Springer, 1999.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt, Jost Wingender, and Thomas R. Neu. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Characterization, Structure and Function. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011.

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Extracellular Polymeric Substances: The Construction Material of Biofilms (Water Science and Technology,). IWA Publishing, 2001.

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Mal, Joyabrata. Microbial Synthesis of Chalcogenide Nanoparticles: Combining Bioremediation and Biorecovery of Chalcogen in the Form of Chalcogenide Nanoparticles. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extracellular polymeric.substances"

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Decho, Alan W. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 359–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_86.

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Wingender, Jost, Thomas R. Neu, and Hans-Curt Flemming. "What are Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances?" In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_1.

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Wolfaardt, Gideon M., John R. Lawrence, and Darren R. Korber. "Function of EPS." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 171–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_10.

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Sutherland, Ian W. "Polysaccharases in Biofilms — Sources — Action — Consequences!" In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 201–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_11.

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Hoffman, Monica, and Alan W. Decho. "Extracellular Enzymes Within Microbial Biofilms and the Role of the Extracellular Polymer Matrix." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 217–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_12.

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Wingender, Jost, Karl-Erich Jaeger, and Hans-Curt Flemming. "Interaction Between Extracellular Polysaccharides and Enzymes." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 231–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_13.

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Neu, Thomas R., and John R. Lawrence. "In Situ Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in Biofilm Systems." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 21–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_2.

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Nielsen, Per H., and Andreas Jahn. "Extraction of EPS." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 49–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_3.

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Sutherland, Ian W. "Biofilm Exopolysaccharides." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 73–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_4.

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Davies, David G. "Regulation of Matrix Polymer in Biofilm Formation and Dispersion." In Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, 93–117. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Extracellular polymeric.substances"

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Stadler, Reinhard, Wolfram Fuerbeth, Mariel Grooters, Claudia Janosch, Andrzej Kuklinski, and Wolfgang Sand. "Studies on the Application of Microbially Produced Polymeric Substances as Protecting Layers against Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Iron and Steel." In CORROSION 2010, 1–13. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10209.

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Abstract The contribution of biofilms to corrosion of metals and alloys, termed microbially influenced corrosion (MIC), is still a challenge for research in the field of corrosion protection. In order to inhibit or prevent MIC, one promising route can be to inhibit the adhesion of single cells. The processes of adhesion and desorption of microorganisms are known to be induced and mediated by various (bio-)molecules. The aim of this project is to identify and to investigate substances appropriate to inhibit the formation of biofilms of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). For this purpose, so-called extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of various bacteria have been harvested from biofilms and purified. These substances have been analyzed with focus on chemical groups like proteins, carbohydrates or glucuronic acids. The EPS have been adsorbed on metal substrates in order to form layers probably protecting against adhesion of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Layer formation and adhesion of bacteria were studied by epi-fluorescence microscopy (EFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was observed that the number of attached cells was significantly lower on the covered surfaces when compared to pure substrates. Additionally, most of the EPS were found to be resistant against degradation by Desulfovibrio vulgaris.
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Videla, Héctor A., Sandra G. Gómez de Saravia, and Mónica F. L. de Mele. "Relationship between Biofilms and Inorganic Passive Layers in the Corrosion of Copper-Nickel Alloys in Chloride Environments." In CORROSION 1989, 1–7. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89185.

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Abstract The electrochemical behavior of 70/30 and 90/10 alloys in artificial seawater and in sterile culture media added with chloride and sulphide is analysed. The synergistic effect of the simultaneous presence of these anions on the corrosion process of cupronickels is also studied in the current paper. Mixed cultures of facultative aerobic (Vibrio alginolyticus) and anaerobic (sulfate reducing bacteria) microorganisms were used to examine the corrosion behavior of these alloys in organically polluted media. The uneven distribution of bacteria mixed up with corrosion products reduces the protective characteristics of the outer layer of precipitated corrosion products. Extracellular polymeric substances produced by bacteria modify the structural characteristics of this layer.
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de França, F. P., D. S. B. Dias, I. R. de Melo, and M. T. S. Lutterbach. "Effect of Introduction of CO2 on the Formation of Biofilms/Biocorrosion on AISI 1018 Carbon Steel Surfaces Exposed in a Dynamic System." In CORROSION 2009, 1–8. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09386.

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Abstract Biofilms are microorganism communities immobilized together in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix of microbial origin, and represent the majority of microbial life in terms of quantity and activity. Biofilms are typically composed of water, microorganisms, EPS, retained particles, and dissolved or adsorbed substances. Sessile microorganisms accelerate various reactions during electrochemical corrosion of materials. The corrosion process of metals exposed to seawater is characterized by different factors such as temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and microorganisms. The oil and gas industries are expending significant investment in materials, equipment, and monitoring to control biocorrosion in order to avoid accidents with large impacts on marine ecosystems. Moreover, the industry also studies the operation of oil well pressurization through CO2 injection, and corrosion by this compound has been studied by many authors in order to explain the reaction and electrochemical mechanisms. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of CO2 on the formation of biofilm/biocorrosion in AISI 1018 carbon steel exposed to a dynamic system.
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Dubey, R. S., R. Sagar Dubey, S. N. Upadhyay, and T. K. G. Namboodhiri. "Control of Biofilm Formation in Marine Environment Using Some N2O2 Donor Schiff Bases." In CORROSION 1997, 1–11. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97220.

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Abstract The adhesion of microorganisms onto materials surface mediated by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) lead to an important modification of the metal-solution interface. The requirement of modem civilization with the hightened sense of environmental responsibilities and quality of life can be met by using some eco-friendly microbiocides with different spectra of activity. Some n2o2 donor schiff base compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and ESR spectroscopy. These compounds were found effective in controling the growth of biofilm of E. соli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Thiobacillus thiooxidans on copper surface. The optimum concentration of these compounds are in the range of 1-10 ppm. Various electrochemical, microbiological and surface-analytical techniques were used to monitor the biofilm in the presence of microbiocides.
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Videla, Héctor A., Liz Karen Herrera, and Robert G. Edyvean. "An Updated Overview of SRB Induced Corrosion and Protection of Carbon Steel." In CORROSION 2005, 1–11. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05488.

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Abstract This paper offers an overview of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) induced corrosion and protection of carbon steel in marine media. The complexity of the local environment at the steel/seawater interface is enhanced in the presence of microorganisms and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). As a consequence of the biofilm heterogeneity, areas with different ion concentrations are formed and the development of corrosion product layers of dissimilar protective characteristics occurs. Electrochemical aspects, microbial interactions within biofilms, the significance of medium composition, the role of iron sulphides, and hydrogen effects are discussed. A brief description of recent experiments for SRB induced corrosion assessment, involving the use of electrochemical techniques, surface studies employing energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe complemented with electron microscopy observations and atomic force microscopy (AFM), is provided.
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Videla, Héctor A., and Liz Karen Herrera. "The Influence of Microorganisms on the Corrosion and Protection of Metals. an Overview." In CORROSION 2011, 1–12. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11218.

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Abstract Microorganisms are able to drastically change the electrochemical conditions at the metal/solution interface by biofilm formation including bacterial consortia and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as the main components. The presence of biofilms generally facilitates the initiation of localized corrosion but this effect can be reversed to corrosion inhibition. Microbial corrosion inhibition and its counter process, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) are rarely linked to a single mechanism or to a single species of microorganisms. In recent years microbial inhibition of corrosion and protection of metals have been attributed to the blocking effect of biofilms and EPS. However, this simplistic approach must be discussed from an electrochemical point of view to understand the complex metal-microbe interactions at the metal surface. With this aim, several practical cases involving sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and other microorganisms are critically discussed. General mechanisms for interpreting the influence of microorganisms on the protection and passivity of metals are presented.
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Harmon, Amanda, and Michael Snow. "Case Study: Effectiveness of Enzymes in Drilling Fluid for Mitigation of Biofilms." In CORROSION 2019, 1–10. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13181.

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Absrract It is standard practice to use a coating system as the primary defense in preventing external corrosion on pipelines. Additionally, pipelines installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), also require special coatings which have high abrasion resistance to minimize damage during pull through. However, given the aggressive nature of the installation method, some degree of compromised coating is inevitable. It is speculated that corrosion at the coating holidays will be suppressed through application of cathodic protection (CP). Considering the uncertainty of effective CP at HDDs, it is important to be proactive and consider additional measures to prevent any detrimental effects that the HDD drilling fluid may have on the pipeline. Being proactive supports the development of leading practices and reinforces a focus on safe operation and improved safety performance. This paper presents a case study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of environmentally benign and biodegradable enzymes in drilling fluid associated with HDD against Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) associated biofilms. Corrosive biofilm formation on pipeline surfaces can have serious impacts on the safety and reliability of energy infrastructure. Once initiated, biofilms are extremely difficult to remove. It is also well known that the application of biocides alone does not completely remove the protective slime layer of biofilms.1 To enhance the effectiveness of biocides, research into using enzymes to target the protective extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilms has been studied.2 This case study will discuss the methodology to decrease the amount of biocides needed to mitigate corrosive biofilms by increasing its effectiveness, ultimately reducing the threat of corrosion to HDD pipelines from potential MIC.
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Chen, Yongxu, Tesfaalem Haile, Peyman Derik Vand, and John Wolodko. "Detection of Biofilm Forming Microbes Using Electrochemical Methods." In CORROSION 2020, 1–14. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15087.

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Abstract Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) and biofouling are major challenges to operators who manage water systems in the oil &amp; gas and other sectors. Key to these threats is the formation and accumulation of biofilms in piping systems due to the agglomeration of both biotic components (e.g. microorganisms such as bacteria, archea and extracellular polymeric substances) and abiotic materials (e.g. inorganic solids). These biofilms adhere to inner pipe wall surfaces, and evolve over time depending on surrounding environmental conditions. Manual detection of biofilm formation and bio-fouling often occurs during routine inspection, or during an unexpected system shut down due to a corrosion failure or flow blockage. In this study, a novel in-situ method to detect the presence of biofilm forming bacteria in a fluid system has been proposed based on capacitance measurements using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique. Two probe types were used to measure the growth of bacteria: 1) a parallel plate system to measure total bacteria concentration (planktonic and sessile), and 2) a small-scale Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) system to measure the formation of biofilms (sessile bacteria). In both series of tests, Pseudomonas.putida was used as the model bacteria due to its ability to grow rapidly as a biofilm. Upon introduction of the microorganism to the system, EIS patterns were correlated to the observed bacterial concentration which was determined using plating methods to quantify microbial counts over time. Surface areas and gap sizes of the various probes were also evaluated to determine their effect on measured sensitivities. Preliminary tests show that the EIS technique is capable of detecting and quantifying the bacterial counts (i.e. initiation and growth of biofilms). Furthermore, utilizing a model circuit, the effective capacitance at different concentrations of bacteria was determined. This “proof of concept” study demonstrates the potential for a viable, real-time detection method for systems susceptible to bio-fouling and/or MIC.
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de Romero, Matilde F., Reinaldo Ortiz, Olga Pérez de Márquez, and María E. Romero-González. "Use of Ftir in Situ Technique to Evaluate MIC by SRB." In CORROSION 2007, 1–10. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07531.

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Abstract Infrared Spectroscopy Technique based on diffuse, internal and external reflectance allows both, the performance of a general qualitative analysis of the structure and the identification of organic and inorganic compounds, through the excitation of molecular vibrations by light absorption. Through the technique, vibrational data is obtained from the surface film, determining the nature of the molecules adsorbed on the metallic surface. Different researchers have given their attention and efforts to the study of the interfase region, by using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). These efforts have mainly evaluated the Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and their contribution to corrosion. In order to improve the understanding of the role of bacterial biofilm formed during Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) processes, in situ FTIR was used to study changes on the surface under the biofilm and analyze the effect of bacterial activity. In this study, FTIR was used in conjunction with a potentiostat/galvanostat coupled to a newly developed electrochemical cell to follow up the reactions generated during MIC processes by Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The culture medium ATCC 1249 was inoculated with a bacterial inoculum of 106 cell/mL. The experimental set up comprised of a circular electrode of pure iron, a silver-silver chloride reference electrode, a platinum wire used as a counter electrode and a optical silica window with a wavelength from 4000 to 400 cm−1. The results showed that although there was a thin film of water between the silica window and the circular working electrode, bacteria counts increase 107 cell/mL and attacked the metal during the 70 hours duration of the assay. However, the vibrational bands associated with water at 3000-3500 and 1500-1600 cm−1, covered the potentially present FeS bands at 2900 and 1400 cm−1. Another band observed at 2700 cm−1could be associated with a different iron-sulfur compound. Although in situ FTIR technique has not fully resolved the mechanism of MIC by SRB the results obtained have led to new areas to explore on biological real time measurements.
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Stipanicev, Marko, Øystein Birketveit, and Régine Basseguy. "Surface Behavior of Carbon Steel in the Presence of Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium." In CORROSION 2016, 1–15. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07285.

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Abstract In-situ electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria specie Desulfovibrio alaskensis AL1 colonization and its metabolic products on carbon steel corrosion. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements showed a slight potential shift toward more positive values appearing just after microbial inoculations. Conversely, a stable OCP was observed in abiotic conditions. Comparative observations between test systems (with permitted and restricted surface colonization) and microbial specie suggest the OCP shift is attributed to a fine balance between biogenic sulfide (a result of microbial metabolic activity), and the ferrous component of steel surface. The analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data suggested different properties of formed surface layers, depending on the nature of the environment. Alteration of surface electric properties have been attributed to complex deposits comprising extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) embedding microbial cells and/or biomineralization/corrosion products that synergistically transformed the electrochemical surface interface and increased steel resistance to corrosion.
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Reports on the topic "Extracellular polymeric.substances"

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Cender, Clinton, Catherine Thomas, Martin Page, Bradley Sartain, Brianna Fernando, Musa Ibrahim, and Alec Wahl. Rapid algae flotation techniques. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47704.

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Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is an effective technique for algae separation following the application of flocculants and coagulants. Some harmful algae produce mucilage or extracellular polymeric substances useful for flotation. This study evaluated natural polysaccharides to determine effects on algal flotation with DAF. Food-grade gums (xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, gellan gum, and diutan gum) were tested with cyanobacteria cultures singly and in combination with commercial flocculants (including Tramfloc 222 and Tramfloc 300). Gum arabic alone had no effect when evaluated at concentrations between 10 mg/L and 5,000 mg/L. However, the combination of gum arabic and Tramfloc 300 yielded higher algal flocculation than Tramfloc 300 alone. The combination of xanthan gum (anionic) and guar gum (cationic) did not perform at the level of the combined xanthan gum and Tramfloc 222 in either flocculation or flotation of algae. Tramfloc 222 and xanthan gum; however, yielded effective flocculation seemingly resistant to changes in interfering factors such as turbulence, pH, and temperature. Furthermore, the combination of xanthan gum and Tramfloc 222 provided the most effective flotation and flocculation independent of pH effects. The results suggest that anionic polysaccharides can be used to increase the efficacy of cationic coagulants such as Tramfloc 222.
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