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Journal articles on the topic 'Extracellular unit recordings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Chorev, Edith, and Michael Brecht. "In vivo dual intra- and extracellular recordings suggest bidirectional coupling between CA1 pyramidal neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 6 (2012): 1584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01115.2011.

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Spikelets, small spikelike membrane potential deflections, are prominent in the activity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vivo. The origin of spikelets is still a source of much controversy. Somatically recorded spikelets have been postulated to originate from dendritic spikes, ectopic spikes, or spikes in an electrically coupled neuron. To differentiate between the different proposed mechanisms we used a dual recording approach in which we simultaneously recorded the intracellular activity of one CA1 pyramidal neuron and the extracellular activity in its vicinity, thus monitoring extracell

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2

Wong, K., S. Karunanithi, and H. L. Atwood. "Quantal Unit Populations at the DrosophilaLarval Neuromuscular Junction." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 3 (1999): 1497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1497.

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Focal extracellular recording at visualized boutons of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction was used to determine frequency and time course of the spontaneously occurring quantal events. When simultaneous intracellular recordings from the innervated muscle cell were made, more than one class of quantal event occurred at some of the individual boutons. “True” signals (arising at the bouton within the focal macropatch electrode) were often contaminated by additional signals generated outside the lumen of the focal electrode. Inclusion of these contaminating signals gave spuriously low va

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Du, Jiangang, Ingmar H. Riedel-Kruse, Janna C. Nawroth, Michael L. Roukes, Gilles Laurent, and Sotiris C. Masmanidis. "High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity With Microfabricated Electrode Arrays." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 3 (2009): 1671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90992.2008.

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Microelectrode array recordings of neuronal activity present significant opportunities for studying the brain with single-cell and spike-time precision. However, challenges in device manufacturing constrain dense multisite recordings to two spatial dimensions, whereas access to the three-dimensional (3D) structure of many brain regions appears to remain a challenge. To overcome this limitation, we present two novel recording modalities of silicon-based devices aimed at establishing 3D functionality. First, we fabricated a dual-side electrode array by patterning recording sites on both the fron

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4

Urch, C. E., and A. H. Dickenson. "In vivo single unit extracellular recordings from spinal cord neurones of rats." Brain Research Protocols 12, no. 1 (2003): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-299x(03)00068-0.

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5

Liu, Xinyu, Hong Wan, and Li Shi. "Quality Metrics of Spike Sorting Using Neighborhood Components Analysis." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701408010060.

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While an electrode has allowed for simultaneously recording the activity of many neurons in microelectrode extracellular recording techniques, quantitative metrics of cluster quality after sorting to identify clusters suited for single unit analysis are lacking. In this paper, an objective measure based on the idea of neighborhood component analysis was described for evaluating cluster quality of spikes. The proposed method was tested with experimental and simulated extracellular recordings as well as compared to isolation distance and Lratio. The results of simulation and real data from the r

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6

Csicsvari, Jozsef, Darrell A. Henze, Brian Jamieson, et al. "Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field Potentials With Silicon-Based Electrodes." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 2 (2003): 1314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00116.2003.

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Parallel recording of neuronal activity in the behaving animal is a prerequisite for our understanding of neuronal representation and storage of information. Here we describe the development of micro-machined silicon microelectrode arrays for unit and local field recordings. The two-dimensional probes with 96 or 64 recording sites provided high-density recording of unit and field activity with minimal tissue displacement or damage. The on-chip active circuit eliminated movement and other artifacts and greatly reduced the weight of the headgear. The precise geometry of the recording tips allowe

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7

Gold, Carl, Darrell A. Henze, Christof Koch, and György Buzsáki. "On the Origin of the Extracellular Action Potential Waveform: A Modeling Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 5 (2006): 3113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00979.2005.

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Although extracellular unit recording is typically used for the detection of spike occurrences, it also has the theoretical ability to report about what are typically considered intracellular features of the action potential. We address this theoretical ability by developing a model system that captures features of experimentally recorded simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons. We use the line source approximation method of Holt and Koch to model the extracellular action potential (EAP) voltage resulting from the spiking activity of individual neurons.

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8

Zouridakis, George, and David C. Tam. "Identification of reliable spike templates in multi-unit extracellular recordings using fuzzy clustering." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 61, no. 2 (2000): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(99)00032-2.

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9

Wu, S. H., and J. B. Kelly. "Binaural interaction in the lateral superior olive: time difference sensitivity studied in mouse brain slice." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 4 (1992): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.4.1151.

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1. The sensitivity of lateral superior olive (LSO) neurons to interaural time differences was examined in an in vitro brain slice preparation. Brain slices, 400-500 microns, were taken through the superior olivary complex of C57 BL/6J mice and were maintained in an oxygenated saline solution for single-unit recording. Both extracellular and intracellular recordings were made with glass pipettes filled with 4 M potassium acetate. Responses were elicited by applying current pulses to the trapezoid body through bipolar stimulating electrodes located ipsilateral or contralateral to the olivary com

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10

Gielen, F. L., R. N. Friedman, and J. P. Wikswo. "In vivo magnetic and electric recordings from nerve bundles and single motor units in mammalian skeletal muscle. Correlations with muscle force." Journal of General Physiology 98, no. 5 (1991): 1043–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.98.5.1043.

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Recent advances in the technology of recording magnetic fields associated with electric current flow in biological tissues have provided a means of examining action currents that is more direct and possibly more accurate than conventional electrical recording. Magnetic recordings are relatively insensitive to muscle movement, and, because the recording probes are not directly connected to the tissue, distortions of the data due to changes in the electrochemical interface between the probes and the tissue are eliminated. In vivo magnetic recordings of action currents of rat common peroneal nerv

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Park, In Yong, Junsik Eom, Hanbyol Jang, et al. "Deep Learning-Based Template Matching Spike Classification for Extracellular Recordings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010301.

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We propose a deep learning-based spike sorting method for extracellular recordings. For analysis of extracellular single unit activity, the process of detecting and classifying action potentials called “spike sorting” has become essential. This is achieved through distinguishing the morphological differences of the spikes from each neuron, which arises from the differences of the surrounding environment and characteristics of the neurons. However, cases of high structural similarity and noise make the task difficult. And for manual spike sorting, it requires professional knowledge along with e

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12

Fried, Itzhak, Charles L. Wilson, Nigel T. Maidment, et al. "Cerebral microdialysis combined with single-neuron and electroencephalographic recording in neurosurgical patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 91, no. 4 (1999): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.91.4.0697.

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✓ Monitoring physiological changes in the brain parenchyma has important applications in the care of neurosurgical patients. A technique is described for measuring extracellular neurochemicals by cerebral microdialysis with simultaneous recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) and single-unit (neuron) activity in selected targets in the human brain. Forty-two patients with medically intractable epilepsy underwent stereotactically guided implantation of a total of 423 intracranial depth electrodes to delineate potentially resectable seizure foci. The electrodes had platinum alloy contacts for

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13

Dimitriadis, George, Joana P. Neto, and Adam R. Kampff. "t-SNE Visualization of Large-Scale Neural Recordings." Neural Computation 30, no. 7 (2018): 1750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01097.

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Electrophysiology is entering the era of big data. Multiple probes, each with hundreds to thousands of individual electrodes, are now capable of simultaneously recording from many brain regions. The major challenge confronting these new technologies is transforming the raw data into physiologically meaningful signals, that is, single unit spikes. Sorting the spike events of individual neurons from a spatiotemporally dense sampling of the extracellular electric field is a problem that has attracted much attention (Rey, Pedreira, & Quian Quiroga, 2015 ; Rossant et al., 2016 ) but is still fa

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Bikson, Marom, John E. Fox, and John G. R. Jefferys. "Neuronal Aggregate Formation Underlies Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Nonsynaptic Seizure Initiation." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (2003): 2330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00764.2002.

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High-frequency activity often precedes seizure onset. We found that electrographic seizures, induced in vitro using the low-Ca2+ model, start with high-frequency (>150 Hz) activity that then decreases in frequency while increasing in amplitude. Multichannel and unit recordings showed that the mechanism of this transition was the progressive formation of larger neuronal aggregates. Thus the apparenthigh-frequency activity, at seizure onset, can reflect the simultaneous recording of several slower firing aggregates. Aggregate formation rate can be accelerated by reducing osmolarity. Because s

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15

Potworowski, Jan, Wit Jakuczun, Szymon Łȩski, and Daniel Wójcik. "Kernel Current Source Density Method." Neural Computation 24, no. 2 (2012): 541–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00236.

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Local field potentials (LFP), the low-frequency part of extracellular electrical recordings, are a measure of the neural activity reflecting dendritic processing of synaptic inputs to neuronal populations. To localize synaptic dynamics, it is convenient, whenever possible, to estimate the density of transmembrane current sources (CSD) generating the LFP. In this work, we propose a new framework, the kernel current source density method (kCSD), for nonparametric estimation of CSD from LFP recorded from arbitrarily distributed electrodes using kernel methods. We test specific implementations of

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16

Guo, Tiantian, Longtu Chen, Khanh Tran, et al. "Extracellular single-unit recordings from peripheral nerve axons in vitro by a novel multichannel microelectrode array." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 315 (July 2020): 128111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128111.

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17

Fee, M. S., P. P. Mitra, and D. Kleinfeld. "Variability of extracellular spike waveforms of cortical neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 6 (1996): 3823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3823.

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1. Here we study the variability in extracellular records of action potentials. Our work is motivated, in part, by the need to construct effective algorithms to classify single-unit waveforms from multiunit recordings. 2. We used microwire electrode pairs (stereotrodes) to record from primary somatosensory cortex of awake, behaving rat. Our data consist of continuous records of extracellular activity and segmented records of extracellular spikes. Spectral and principal component techniques are used to analyze mean single-unit wave-forms, the variability between different instances of a single-

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18

Zacksenhouse, Miriam, Don H. Johnson, Jerome Williams, and Chiyeko Tsuchitani. "Single-Neuron Modeling of LSO Unit Responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 6 (1998): 3098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.3098.

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Zacksenhouse, Miriam, Don H. Johnson, Jerome Williams, and Chiyeko Tsuchitani. Single-neuron modeling of LSO unit responses. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3098–3110, 1998. We investigated, using a computational model, the biophysical correlates of measured discharge patterns of lateral superior olive (LSO) neuron responses to monaural and binaural stimuli. The model's geometry was based on morphological data, and static electric properties of the model agree with available intracellular responses to hyperpolarizing current pulses. Inhibitory synapses were located on the soma and excitatory ones on the

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19

Rihani, Rashed, Hyun Kim, Bryan Black, et al. "Liquid Crystal Elastomer-Based Microelectrode Array for In Vitro Neuronal Recordings." Micromachines 9, no. 8 (2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9080416.

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Polymer-based biomedical electronics provide a tunable platform to interact with nervous tissue both in vitro and in vivo. Ultimately, the ability to control functional properties of neural interfaces may provide important advantages to study the nervous system or to restore function in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of smart materials that reversibly change shape when exposed to a variety of stimuli. Our interest in LCEs is based on leveraging this shape change to deploy electrode sites beyond the tissue regions exhibiting inflammation

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20

Wu, Gang, Rolf Ekedahl, and R. G. Hallin. "Consistency of unitary shapes in dual lead recordings from myelinated fibres in human peripheral nerves: evidence for extracellular single-unit recordings in microneurography." Experimental Brain Research 120, no. 4 (1998): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050420.

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21

Korshunov, Victor A. "Miniature multichannel preamplifier for extracellular recordings of single unit activity in freely moving and swimming small animals." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 206, no. 1 (2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.02.007.

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22

Nguyen, David P., Loren M. Frank, and Emery N. Brown. "An application of reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo to spike classification of multi-unit extracellular recordings." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 14, no. 1 (2003): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x/14/1/304.

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23

Stewart, Mark, and Robert K. S. Wong. "A method allowing intracellular and extracellular single-unit recordings from brain slices in the grease-gap chamber." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 58, no. 1-2 (1995): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(94)00153-8.

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24

McCall, Andrew A., Derek M. Miller, and Carey D. Balaban. "Integration of vestibular and hindlimb inputs by vestibular nucleus neurons: multisensory influences on postural control." Journal of Neurophysiology 125, no. 4 (2021): 1095–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00350.2019.

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Vestibular nucleus neurons receive convergent information from hindlimb somatosensory inputs and vestibular inputs. In this study, extracellular single-unit recordings of vestibular nucleus neurons during conditions of passively applied limb movement, passive whole body rotations, and combined stimulation were well fit by an additive model. The integration of hindlimb somatosensory inputs with vestibular inputs at the first stage of vestibular processing suggests that vestibular nucleus neurons account for limb position in determining vestibulospinal responses to postural perturbations.

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25

Wilson, Donald A. "Habituation of Odor Responses in the Rat Anterior Piriform Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 3 (1998): 1425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1425.

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Wilson, Donald A. Habituation of odor responses in the rat anterior piriform cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1425–1440, 1998. Simultaneous recordings of main olfactory bulb (MOB) and anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) neuron responses to repeated and prolonged odor pulses were examined in freely breathing, urethan-anesthetized rats. Comparisons of odor responses were made between multi-unit recordings of MOB activity and single-unit extracellular and intracellular recordings of Layer II/III aPCX neurons. Odor stimuli consisted of either 2-s pulses repeated at 30-s intervals or a single, prolonged 50

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Broton, J. G., R. P. Yezierski та Å. Seiger. "Effects of Glutamate andγ-Aminobutyric Acid on Spontaneously Active Intraocular Spinal Cord Graft Neurons". Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity 2, № 2 (1991): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1991.101.

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Pieces of fetal rat lumbar spinal cord were transplanted into the anterior eye chamber of adult rat hosts. At least seven months later, extracellular single-unit recordings of spontaneously active graft neurons were made prior to and during the superfusion of either glutamate orγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Superfusion of glutamate produced an increase (five cells), decrease (three cells), or had no effect (two cells) on the firing rate of neurons tested. Superfusion of GABA decreased the firing rate of all twelve neurons tested, while superfusion of the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline incr

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27

Micieli, Robert, Adriana Lucia Lopez Rios, Ricardo Plata Aguilar, Luis Fernando Botero Posada, and William D. Hutchison. "Single-unit analysis of the human posterior hypothalamus and red nucleus during deep brain stimulation for aggressivity." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 4 (2017): 1158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.jns141704.

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OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior hypothalamus (PH) has been reported to be effective for aggressive behavior in a number of isolated cases. Few of these case studies have analyzed single-unit recordings in the human PH and none have quantitatively analyzed single units in the red nucleus (RN). The authors report on the properties of ongoing neuronal discharges in bilateral trajectories targeting the PH and the effectiveness of DBS of the PH as a treatment for aggressive behavior. METHODS DBS electrodes were surgically implanted in the PH of 1 awake patient with Sotos syn

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28

White, Joshua J., Tao Lin, Amanda M. Brown, et al. "An optimized surgical approach for obtaining stable extracellular single-unit recordings from the cerebellum of head-fixed behaving mice." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 262 (March 2016): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.01.010.

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29

Roy, Noah C., Thomas Bessaih, and Diego Contreras. "Comprehensive mapping of whisker-evoked responses reveals broad, sharply tuned thalamocortical input to layer 4 of barrel cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (2011): 2421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00939.2010.

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Cortical neurons are organized in columns, distinguishable by their physiological properties and input-output organization. Columns are thought to be the fundamental information-processing modules of the cortex. The barrel cortex of rats and mice is an attractive model system for the study of cortical columns, because each column is defined by a layer 4 (L4) structure called a barrel, which can be clearly visualized. A great deal of information has been collected regarding the connectivity of neurons in barrel cortex, but the nature of the input to a given L4 barrel remains unclear. We measure

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Hadzipasic, Muhamed, Weiming Ni, Maria Nagy, et al. "Reduced high-frequency motor neuron firing, EMG fractionation, and gait variability in awake walking ALS mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 47 (2016): E7600—E7609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616832113.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease prominently featuring motor neuron (MN) loss and paralysis. A recent study using whole-cell patch clamp recording of MNs in acute spinal cord slices from symptomatic adult ALS mice showed that the fastest firing MNs are preferentially lost. To measure the in vivo effects of such loss, awake symptomatic-stage ALS mice performing self-initiated walking on a wheel were studied. Both single-unit extracellular recordings within spinal cord MN pools for lower leg flexor and extensor muscles and the electromyograms (EMGs) of th

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31

Martin, R. J., A. V. Apkarian, and C. J. Hodge. "Ventrolateral and dorsolateral ascending spinal cord pathway influence on thalamic nociception in cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 5 (1990): 1400–1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.5.1400.

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1. In cat there are two portions of the spinothalamic tract (STT)--a ventral component, the ventral spinothalamic tract (VSTT) made up of axons of cells of spinal cord laminae IV-X, and a dorsolateral component, the dorsolateral spinothalamic tract (DSTT) made up of axons of cells in lamina I of the spinal cord dorsal horn. This study was designed to evaluate thalamic neuronal responses to cutaneous noxious thermal stimuli and to determine the functional importance of pathways ascending in the ventral and dorsolateral portions of the spinal cord, ipsilateral to the thalamic recording site and

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32

Allen, M. A., and A. V. Ferguson. "In vitro recordings from area postrema neurons demonstrate responsiveness to adrenomedullin." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, no. 4 (1996): R920—R925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.4.r920.

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Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a recently discovered 52-amino acid peptide that exerts potent vasodilatory effects in the periphery and influences the control of body fluid balance when injected centrally. In this study extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from 94 AP neurons in rat brain slices. Bath application of ADM (10(-7) M) excited 47% (32 of 68) of cells tested, and these effects were found to be dose dependent from 10(-7) to 10(-9) M. Excitation was maintained during synaptic blockade in a low-Ca2+ artificial cerebrospinal fluid solution, demonstrating direct actions of ADM on t

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33

Buzsáki, György, and Adam Kandel. "Somadendritic Backpropagation of Action Potentials in Cortical Pyramidal Cells of the Awake Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 3 (1998): 1587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1587.

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Buzsáki, György and Adam Kandel. Somadendritic backpropagation of action potentials in cortical pyramidal cells of the awake rat. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1587–1591, 1998. The invasion of fast (Na+) spikes from the soma into dendrites was studied in single pyramidal cells of the sensorimotor cortex by simultaneous extracellular recordings of the somatic and dendritic action potentials in freely behaving rats. Field potentials and unit activity were monitored with multiple-site silicon probes along trajectories perpendicular to the cortical layers at spatial intervals of 100 μm. Dendritic action po

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Bale, Michael R., and Rasmus S. Petersen. "Transformation in the Neural Code for Whisker Deflection Direction Along the Lemniscal Pathway." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 5 (2009): 2771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00636.2009.

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A prominent characteristic of neurons in the whisker system is their selectivity to the direction in which a whisker is deflected. The aim of this study was to determine how information about whisker direction is encoded at successive levels of the lemniscal pathway. We made extracellular recordings under identical conditions from the trigeminal ganglion, ventro-posterior medial thalamus (VPM), and barrel cortex while varying the direction of whisker deflection. We found a marked increase in the variability of single unit responses along the pathway. To study the consequences of this for infor

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Mangel, Stuart C., and William J. Brunken. "The effects of serotonin drugs on horizontal and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina." Visual Neuroscience 8, no. 3 (1992): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002868.

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AbstractWe have investigated the effects of a serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist and a 5-HTIA agonist on horizontal and ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. Simultaneous intracellular horizontal cell and extracellular ganglion cell recordings were obtained from a superfused in vitro rabbit eyecup preparation and the effects of bath applied drugs on these cells' light responses observed. Sinusoidally modulated current was also injected into horizontal cells while the extracellular spike activity of nearby, single-unit ganglion cells was monitored. Although the ON components of the light-evoked response

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Heidenreich, Byron A., Elizabeth S. Trytek, Dolores M. Schroeder, Dale R. Sengelaub, and George V. Rebec. "A methodology for determining the patch-matrix compartmental location of extracellular single-unit recordings in the striatum of freely moving rats." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 52, no. 2 (1994): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(94)90127-9.

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Wilent, W. Bryan, Michael Y. Oh, Catherine Buetefisch, et al. "Mapping of microstimulation evoked responses and unit activity patterns in the lateral hypothalamic area recorded in awake humans." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 2 (2011): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.3.jns101574.

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Major contributions to the understanding of human brain function have come from detailed clinical reports of responses evoked by electrical stimulation and specific brain regions during neurosurgical procedures in awake humans. In this study, microstimulation evoked responses and extracellular unit recordings were obtained intraoperatively in 3 awake patients undergoing bilateral implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus. The microstimulation evoked responses exhibited a clear anatomical distribution. Anxiety was most reliably evoked by stimulation directed

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Hochstenbach, S. L., and J. Ciriello. "Effects of plasma hypernatremia on nucleus tractus solitarius neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 6 (1994): R1916—R1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1916.

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Experiments were done in chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats to investigate the effect of plasma hypernatremia and baroreceptor activation on the excitability of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons. Extracellular, single unit recordings were made from 67 histologically verified neurons in the region of NTS. The firing frequency of 29 (43%) NTS neurons was increased by the intracarotid infusion of hypertonic saline (0.5 M). The acute activation of baroreceptors after the intravenous infusion of phenylephrine resulted in the excitation of seven (31.8%) or th

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Gottfried, J. A., and M. Chesler. "Temporal resolution of activity-dependent pH shifts in rat hippocampal slices." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 4 (1996): 2804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2804.

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1. The rise time of activity-dependent extracellular pH shifts was measured in the CA1 stratum radiatum of rat hippocampal slices by recording pH-sensitive fluorescence of a fluorescein-conjugated dextran. Optical data were compared with simultaneous pH microelectrode recordings. 2. The pH shifts generated by CO2 or by stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals were paralleled by shifts in fluorescence emissions at 535 nm when the probe was excited with 490-nm light (delta F490). Emissions at 535 nm induced by 440-nm light were unchanged in these paradigms. 3. A train of three stimuli at 100 Hz w

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Cinelli, A. R., and B. M. Salzberg. "Multiple site optical recording of transmembrane voltage (MSORTV), single-unit recordings, and evoked field potentials from the olfactory bulb of skate (Raja erinacea)." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 6 (1990): 1767–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.6.1767.

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1. Multiple site optical recording of transmembrane voltage (MSORTV), together with conventional extracellular electrophysiological techniques were utilized with in vivo and in vitro preparations of the olfactory bulb of the Atlantic skate Raja erinacea to analyze electrical activity simultaneously in layers deep to the glomerular layer. 2. In the living animals and the in vitro isolated olfactory bulb, orthodromic stimulation evoked a compound action potential in the olfactory nerve fibers, followed by a series of early field-potential waves (N1, P1, N2, P2, N3, and N4). During paired stimula

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Kittelberger, J. Matthew, Bruce R. Land, and Andrew H. Bass. "Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray and Vocal Patterning in a Teleost Fish." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (2006): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00067.2006.

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Midbrain structures, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG), are essential nodes in vertebrate motor circuits controlling a broad range of behaviors, from locomotion to complex social behaviors such as vocalization. Few single-unit recording studies, so far all in mammals, have investigated the PAG's role in the temporal patterning of these behaviors. Midshipman fish use vocalization to signal social intent in territorial and courtship interactions. Evidence has implicated a region of their midbrain, located in a similar position as the mammalian PAG, in call production. Here, extracellular s

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Zagorodnyuk, Vladimir P., Lauren J. Keightley, Simon J. H. Brookes, Nick J. Spencer, Marcello Costa, and Sarah J. Nicholas. "Functional changes in low- and high-threshold afferents in obstruction-induced bladder overactivity." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 316, no. 6 (2019): F1103—F1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00058.2019.

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Neural mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms in obstruction-induced bladder overactivity remain unclear. We made the first single unit recordings from different types of spinal afferents to determine the effects of bladder outlet obstruction in guinea pigs. A model of gradual bladder outlet obstruction in male guinea pigs was used to produce overactive bladder. Conscious voiding was assessed in metabolic cages, and micturition was recorded in anesthetized guinea pigs in vivo. Single unit extracellular recordings were made ex vivo from spinal afferent nerves in flat sheet preparations of t

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Schwartz, Theodore H., Michael M. Haglund, Ettore Lettich, and George A. Ojemann. "Asymmetry of Neuronal Activity During Extracellular Microelectrode Recording from Left and Right Human Temporal Lobe Neocortex During Rhyming and Line-Matching." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, no. 5 (2000): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900562615.

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Recordings of neuronal activity in humans have identified few correlates of the known hemispheric asymmetries of functional lateralization. Here, we examine single-unit activity recorded from both hemispheres during two delayed match-to-sample tasks that show strong hemispheric lateralization based on lesion effects; a line-matching (LM) task related to the right hemisphere, and a rhyming (RHY) task related to the left. Nineteen neuronal populations were recorded with extracellular microelectrodes from the left temporal neocortex of 11 awake patients, and 18 from the right in 9 patients during

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Ransom, Bruce R., and Daniel M. Philbin Jr. "Anoxia-induced extracellular ionic changes in CNS white matters: the role of glial cells." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, S1 (1992): S181—S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-261.

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The rapid changes in brain extracellular ion concentrations that occur with anoxia are important in understanding the pathophysiology of anoxic – ischemic brain injury. While previous studies have focused on the ionic changes that occur in gray matter areas of the brain, white matter (WM) is also damaged by anoxia. We describe the changes in extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) and extracellular pH (pHo) that accompany anoxia in WM, and present new results indicating that glial cells directly contribute to the observed fluctuations of these ions. Anoxia-induced changes in [K+]o and pHo were

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Jones, S. L., and G. F. Gebhart. "Spinal pathways mediating tonic, coeruleospinal, and raphe-spinal descending inhibition in the rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 1 (1987): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.1.138.

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1. The contribution of midline medullary bulbospinal neurons to descending inhibition from the locus coeruleus (LC) and the funicular trajectories of coeruleo- and raphe-spinal fibers mediating inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission were examined in different experiments. Extracellular recordings of lumbar dorsal horn neurons were made in deeply pentobarbital-anesthetized, paralyzed rats. All units studied responded to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tibial nerve at intensities supramaximal to activate A-alpha-delta- and C-fibers and to mechanical and heat (50 degrees C) stimu

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Bowman, D. M., J. J. Eggermont, and G. M. Smith. "Effect of stimulation on burst firing in cat primary auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 1841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.1841.

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1. Neural activity was recorded extracellularly with two independent microelectrodes aligned in parallel and advanced perpendicular to isofrequency sheets in cat primary auditory cortex. Multiunit activity was separated into single-unit spike trains using a maximum variance spike sorting algorithm. Only units that demonstrated a high quality of sorting and a minimum spontaneous firing rate of 0.2 spikes/s were considered for analysis. The primary aim of this study was to describe the effect of periodic click train and broadband noise stimulation on short-time-scale (< or = 50 ms) bursts in

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Legfeldt, A., D. P. Jacobsen, and J. Gjerstad. "Application of miR-223 onto the dorsal nerve roots in rats induces hypoexcitability in the pain pathways." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, no. 1 (2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.04.037.

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Abstract Aims Lumbar radicular pain is often associated with increased local and systemic synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This process can be modulated by specific microRNAs (miRs). Here, in the animal model, we investigated the effect of miR-223 on the spinal nociceptive signaling and local gene expression. Methods In anaesthetized Lewis rats, extracellular single unit recordings of spinal nociceptive activity and qPCR were used to explore the effect of miR-223 application onto the dorsal nerve roots (L3–L5). Results A significant decrease in the C-fiber response was observed following a

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Ward, Rebekah L., Luke C. Flores, and John F. Disterhoft. "Infragranular barrel cortex activity is enhanced with learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 5 (2012): 1278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00305.2012.

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The barrel cortex (BC) is essential for the acquisition of whisker-signaled trace eyeblink conditioning and shows learning-related expansion of the trained barrels after the acquisition of a whisker-signaled task. Most previous research examining the role of the BC in learning has focused on anatomic changes in the layer IV representation of the cortical barrels. We studied single-unit extracellular recordings from individual neurons in layers V and VI of the BC as rabbits acquired the whisker-signaled trace eyeblink conditioning task. Neurons in layers V and VI in both conditioned and pseudoc

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Mori, K., N. Mataga, and K. Imamura. "Differential specificities of single mitral cells in rabbit olfactory bulb for a homologous series of fatty acid odor molecules." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 3 (1992): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.3.786.

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1. The molecular specificities of single mitral cells and their locations in the rabbit olfactory bulb were studied using extracellular recordings of single-unit spike discharges and oscillatory local field potentials. A panel of carboxylic acid molecules including a homologous series of fatty acids was used as odor stimuli. 2. Mitral cells showing excitatory responses to fatty acid molecules of different hydrocarbon chain length were localized near each other in a region in the dorsomedial part of the olfactory bulb. 3. Individual mitral cells in the dorsomedial region tended to respond to su

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BONGARD, MARKUS, DANIEL MICOL, and EDUARDO FERNÁNDEZ. "NEV2lkit: A NEW OPEN SOURCE TOOL FOR HANDLING NEURONAL EVENT FILES FROM MULTI-ELECTRODE RECORDINGS." International Journal of Neural Systems 24, no. 04 (2014): 1450009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714500099.

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The analysis and discrimination of action potentials, or "spikes", is a central issue to systems neuroscience research. Here we introduce a free open source software for the analysis and discrimination of neural spikes based on principal component analysis and different clustering algorithms. The main objective is to supply a friendly user interface that links the experimental data to a basic set of routines for analysis, visualization and classification of spikes in a consistent framework. The tool has been tested on artificial data sets, on multi-electrode extracellular recordings from gangl

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