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Journal articles on the topic 'Extractable from woods'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Martínez-Gil, Ana, Maria del Alamo-Sanza, Rosario Sánchez-Gómez, and Ignacio Nevares. "Different Woods in Cooperage for Oenology: A Review." Beverages 4, no. 4 (2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040094.

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Contact of wine with wood during fermentation and ageing produces significant changes in its chemical composition and organoleptic properties, modifying its final quality. Wines acquire complex aromas from the wood, improve their colour stability, flavour, and clarification, and extend their storage period. New trends in the use of barrels, replaced after a few years of use, have led to an increased demand for oak wood in cooperage. In addition, the fact that the wine market is becoming increasingly saturated and more competitive means that oenologists are increasingly interested in tasting di

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2

Каретникова (Karetnikova), Наталья (Natal'ja) Викторовна (Viktorovna), Лариса (Larisa) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) Чендылова (Chendylova), and Роберт (Robert) Зусьевич (Zus'evich) Пен (Pen). "DELIGNIFICATION OF FLAX SHIVE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018012757.

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Delignification of the flax shive (wastes of oakum and heat insulation production) was studied. Chemical composition of the work material (mass parts in percents from the bone-dry material): cellulose 30,7, lignin 33,1, pentosans 28,0, extractable by organic solvent 4,3, extractable by hot water 5,4, ash 1,7. The flax shive was delignificated in laboratory condition by means of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and sulfate cooking solution. The conditions of peracetic pulping: initial mass part of the «icy» acetic acid in cooking solution 0,65, perhydrol 0,35, the catalyst concentration (sodiu

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3

Kelsey, Rick G., and Mark E. Harmon. "Distribution and variation of extractable total phenols and tannins in the logs of four conifers after 1 year on the ground." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 8 (1989): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-157.

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Concentrations of extractable total phenols and tannins have been analyzed in the outer bark, inner bark, sapwood, and heart wood from logs of four conifer species, after 1 year on the ground. To estimate decay rates, initial tissue densities were compared with those after 1 and 2 years of decomposition. The four species studied, Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis Dougl. ex Forbs), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and western red cedar (Thujaplicata D. Don) represent a gradient of decay resistance. Within a species, outer bark

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4

Chen, Y., and T. C. Bond. "Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (2009): 20471–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-20471-2009.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols affect the radiative balance of the Earth by absorbing and scattering light. While BC is highly absorbing, some organic compounds also have significant absorption, which is greater at near-ultraviolet and blue wavelengths. To the extent that OC absorbs visible light, it may be a non-negligible contributor to direct aerosol radiative forcing. In this work, we examine absorption by primary OC emitted from solid fuel pyrolysis. We provide absorption spectra of this material, which can be related to the imaginary refractive index. This material has polar character b

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5

Chen, Y., and T. C. Bond. "Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 4 (2010): 1773–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1773-2010.

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols affect the radiative balance of the Earth by absorbing and scattering light. While black carbon (BC) is highly absorbing, some organic carbon (OC) also has significant absorption, especially at near-ultraviolet and blue wavelengths. To the extent that OC absorbs visible light, it may be a non-negligible contributor to positive direct aerosol radiative forcing. Quantification of that absorption is necessary so that radiative-transfer models can evaluate the net radiative effect of OC. In this work, we examine absorption by primary OC emitted from solid fuel pyrol

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6

Stevens, Robert K., C. W. Lewis, T. G. Dzubay, L. T. Cupitt, and Joellen Lewtas. "Sources of Mutagenic Activity in Urban Fine Particles." Toxicology and Industrial Health 6, no. 5 (1990): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379000600506.

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Samples were collected during the winter of 1984—1985 in the cities of Albuquerque, NM and Raleigh NC as part of a US Environmental Protection Agency study to evaluate methods to determine the emission sources contributing to the mutagenic properties of extractable organic matter (EOM) present in fine particles. Data derived from the analysis of the composition of these fine particles served as input to a multi-linear regression (MLR) model used to calculate the relative contribution of wood burning and motor vehicle sources to mutagenic activity observed in the extractable organic matter. At

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7

Loehr, R. C., L. A. Rogers, and D. C. Erickson. "Mobility of Residues at Petroleum Industry Hazardous Waste Land Treatment Sites." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (1992): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0092.

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This study determined: (a) waste constituents remaining at long-term hazardous waste land treatment (HWLT) sites, and (b) the potential for subsequent degradation and migration of these constituents. Soils from six depths from random test pits at two oil refinery sites and a wood preserving site were evaluated for specific metals and organics. In surface soils, concentrations of organics and metals were greater than in background soils. At depths below 24-30” (60-76 cm) at the HWLT sites, PAH concentrations were below detection limits and the freon-extractable concentrations were at background

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8

LaZerte, Bruce, and Joe Findeis. "Acidic leaching of a Podzol Bf horizon from the Precambrian Shield, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 3 (1994): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-045.

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Illuviated mineral horizons (Bf) from a Podzol on the Precambrian Shield, Ontario, Canada were collected, placed in columns and treated with distilled water, cation amended water, acidified water or cation and acid amended water over a 4-mo period. While the cation treatment had little effect relative to the control, the acid treatment removed large quantities of Al, Si and base cations. The source of the leached Al was primarily (~ 70%) dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB) extractable Al, apparently some form of amorphous gibbsite. Organic Al (pyrophosphate extractable) contributed only about

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9

CHUDE, V. O., G. O. OBIGBESAN, and N. E. EGBE. "MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF SELECTED CACAO-GROWING SOILS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: PROFILE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL AND AVAILABLE ZINC." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-003.

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A study was conducted to determine the content and distribution of total 1.0 M NH4OAc-, 0.1 M HCl-, 1 M MgCl2-, and 0.005 M DTPA-extractable Zn in the genetic horizons of 16 soil profiles from major cacao-growing areas in Southwestern Nigeria. The content of total Zn for all the soils varied from 12 to 92 μg/g with soils derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks containing more than those of sedimentary origin. Most of the soils had the highest concentration of total Zn in the surface horizons. There was a strong association between total Zn and organic matter, total Zn and silt/clay content.

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10

Osman, Noridah B., Armando G. McDonald, and Marie-Pierre G. Laborie. "Analysis of DCM extractable components from hot-pressed hybrid poplar." Holzforschung 66, no. 8 (2012): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0011.

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Abstract The effects of thermal compression on the organic-soluble material of a uniform wood substrate, hybrid poplar (clone OP-367), has been studied. Poplar veneers were preconditioned to 0% or 8% moisture content and subsequently hot pressed at 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C. The dichloromethane (DCM) extracts were characterized by various hyphenated analyses [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC)]. The yields and composition of extractable compounds were markedly i

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11

MARTIN, DALE E., and L. E. LOWE. "CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ROOT MAT HORIZONS IN SOME COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA PODZOLS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 1 (1989): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-002.

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Podzols formed in high-rainfall areas of south coastal B.C. often have layers of highly organic material at depth in the profile, and in many cases, “pipes” of similar material angling down through the profile. These materials have a greasy feel, few discernible mineral grains, occasional remnants of wood structure and a cellular nature. The horizontal layers, termed "root mats", range in thickness from 1 cm to > 30 cm, and are overlain by coarse-textured material of low organic matter content. Chemically this material is similar to surficial H horizons with respect to C:N and N:S ratios, b

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12

Haney, R. L., A. J. Franzluebbers, F. M. Hons, and D. A. Zuberer. "Soil C extracted with water or K2SO4: pH effect on determination of microbial biomass." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 4 (1999): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-011.

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Routine determination of soil microbial biomass C has shifted during the past decade from chloroform fumigation-incubation to chloroform fumigation-extraction using 0.5 M K2SO4 as extractant. We compared extractable C with water and 0.5 M K2SO4 in eight soils ranging in pH from 5.4 to 8.3. In unfumigated soils with low pH, extractable C was 0.8- to 1.2-fold greater with water than with 0.5 M K2SO4. However, in unfumigated soils with pH > 7.7, extractable C, although not statistically significant, was 11 to 19% less with water than with 0.5 M K2SO4. In fumigated soils, no difference in extra

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13

Walworth, J. L., M. T. Panciera, and R. G. Gavlak. "Mehlich 3 extractant for determination of available B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in cryic Alaskan soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 4 (1992): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-043.

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Field trials were conducted on three cryic soils in southcentral Alaska to determine the local suitability of the Mehlich 3 extractant. Mehlich 3 extractable B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, DTPA-TEA extractable Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and hot water extractable B were measured on soils from factorial experiments with variable rates of B, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Additional soil samples from two B rate and liming studies in central Alaska were included in extractable B comparisons. Forage rape, broccoli, and potato tissue samples were collected from the factorial studies to determine relationships between soil- and pla

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14

Neilsen, G. H., and E. J. Hogue. "Long-term effects of orchard soil management on tree vigor and extractable soil nutrients." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 4 (1992): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-052.

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Bisbee Delicious apple trees on M.26 (Malus domestica Borkh.) rootstock were planted in 1982 on a neutral pH, loamy-sand soil and were subjected to five soil management-fertilizer regimes until 1989. Orchard floor vegetation control with herbicides was required to maximize tree growth. Annual application of P at 50 kg ha−1 and K at 100 kg ha−1 from 1984 to 1989 increased extractable soil P and K to the 40-cm depth but did not appear to increase tree vigor. Orchard floor vegetation maintained extractable soil Ca and Mg levels compared to vegetation control treatments. Key words: Orchard floor v

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15

ROBERTS, T. L., and J. R. BETTANY. "THE INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL SULFUR ACROSS A NARROW ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 3 (1985): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-046.

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The nature and distribution of forms of sulfur within the soil profile was studied in a climo-toposequence of soils from Saskatchewan. Total and soluble (CaCl2-extractable) inorganic SO4= generally increased with horizon depth. Calcium carbonate-associated SO4= accounted for up to 42% of subsoil S. Organic S decreased significantly with depth, as did the proportion of organic S occurring as organic SO4=. Amounts of total S, in surface and subsurface horizons generally increased from upper to lower slope positions. Organic SO4= in the surface horizons, as a proportion of the total S, decreased

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16

KRUGER, G. A., R. E. KARAMANOS, and J. P. SINGH. "THE COPPER FERTILITY OF SASKATCHEWAN SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-010.

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A survey of the DTPA-extractable Cu levels of approximately 1000 fields representing a large number of soil types in Saskatchewan suggested that, under current cropping systems, Cu deficiencies appear to be concentrated in the Grey Soil Zone. They are especially probable in seven soil associations, which include light Transition of Grey and Brownish-Grey Podzolic soils. Soil criteria for detecting Cu deficiencies in cereal crops cannot be fully documented using conventional calibration tests and techniques. However, data from 21 field trials and a growth chamber study indicated that the critic

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17

Hal Weiser, Alan Olness,, Bruce Kunze, Michael Lieser, and Jana Rinke. "Differentiation of four northern Great Plains soils using resin extraction." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 1 (2004): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-046.

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Resin extraction of soils has revealed sensitivities of crops to the extractable V:(V + P) and Mg:(Mg + Ca) molar ratios. Consequently, we examined the Barnes and Buse soils in the northern Great Plains of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Svea and Langhei soils were included in the survey because of their close association. Samples of A or Ap horizons suspended in 20% ethanol were extracted with cation-(Na+) and anion-(NO) exchange resin-extractors for a period of 5 d. After equilibration, extractors were eluted with 1 N HCl and eluates were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-

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18

Neary, A. J., and S. R. Barnes. "The effect of sample grinding on extractable iron and aluminum in soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 1 (1993): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-007.

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Pyrophosphate-, dithionite- and acid ammonium oxalate-extractable Fe and Al are often measured on a finely ground aliquot of soil. Grinding provides a homogeneous sample from which a representative subsample can be obtained at sampling aliquots of less than 1 g. When a significant portion of the unground soil is greater than the sieve mesh size used when grinding, abrasion of primary minerals may cause increased levels of extractable Fe and Al. This study examined the distribution of extractable Fe and Al in some sandy soils and compared their levels in samples ground to < 500 μm and < 1

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19

LaZerte, Bruce D., and Joe Findeis. "The relative importance of oxalate and pyrophosphate extractable aluminum to the acidic leaching of aluminium in Podzol B horizons from the Precambrian Shield, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 1 (1995): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-007.

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Four Bf and one Bhf Podzol horizon samples from the Precambrian Shield, Ontario, Canada were leached with pH 3 solutions in three different experiments to determine which soil aluminum fraction was primarily responsible for the aluminum leached into solution. For the Bf horizons, it was primarily the oxalate-extractable aluminum fraction (corrected for pyrophosphate, Alo–Alp); for the Bhf horizon it was equally the pyrophosphate (Alp) and Alo–Alp. A comparison with other studies suggests that when the ratio (Alo–Alp)/Alp is above 0.3–0.7, the oxalate-extractable fraction will be most important

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20

Watanabe, Katsuji, and Koichi Hayano. "Source of soil protease in paddy fields." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 11 (1993): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-157.

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Properties of soil proteases and proteases from Bacillus spp. obtained from water-logged paddy fields treated with organic manure or chemical fertilizer or not treated with fertilizer were compared to elucidate the sources of soil proteases. The major extractable soil proteases were metal chelator sensitive neutral proteases that were active in hydrolyzing benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine and benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucine. In this respect they resembled extracellular proteases from Bacillus subtilis (six isolates), Bacillus cereus (four isolates), and Bacillus

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21

Barbour, Margaret M., T. John Andrews, and Graham D. Farquhar. "Correlations between oxygen isotope ratios of wood constituents of Quercus and Pinus samples from around the world." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 5 (2001): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00083.

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The oxygen isotope compositions of three wood constituents (the solvent-extractable portion, lignin and α-cellulose) were measured for samples collected from Quercus and Pinus trees around the world. Among Pinus samples all wood constituents were positively related to modelled δ18O of source water at the site, while among Quercus samples whole wood, lignin and α-cellulose showed positive relationships. The data support the hypothesis that many oxygen atoms in lignin exchanged with unenriched stem water during synthesis, rather than retaining the full isotopic signal from the molecular oxygen a

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22

SIMARD, R. R., T. E. BATES, and L. J. EVANS. "EFFECTS OF CaCO3 AND P ADDITIONS ON CORN (Zea mays L.) GROWTH AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY OF A PODZOLIC SOIL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 3 (1988): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-049.

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A surface horizon from a Humo-Ferric Podzol was amended with 0 to 6 cmol kg−1 of CaCO3 and 125 to 500 mg P kg−1 to investigate their effects on the elemental composition and growth of corn and on nutrient availability. The addition of CaCO3 decreased the amounts of extractable P and Mn in the soil and the concentrations of P, K, Mn, Mg and Zn in the plants. The addition of P increased the dry matter yields, the amounts of available P in the soil and the concentrations of P and Mg in the plants, but decreased the concentrations of K, Mn and Zn in the seedlings. There were significant CaCO3 × P

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23

Gasser, Ubald G., Stephan J. Juchler, Hans Sticher, and William A. Hobson. "The fate of chromium and nickel in subalpine soils derived from serpentinite." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 2 (1995): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-026.

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Weathering of serpentinitic parent material, naturally rich in both Cr and Ni, provides soils that generally contain elevated concentrations of both metals. In this study, soil development as well as the fate of Cr and Ni in Dystric Eutrochrepts derived from serpentinitic rock slide material were investigated in the Swiss Alps under subalpine climatic conditions. Exchangeable Ni was ≤ 0.2 mmol kg−1, but exchangeable Cr was always < 0.01 mmol kg−1. Linear correlation between dithionite-extractable Cr and Fe was positive, but negative between pyrophosphate extractable Cr and total soil carbon

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24

Wallace, J. L., K. P. Rioux, W. McKnight, et al. "Hemoprotein-dependent production of a neutrophil-activating factor from arachidonic acid." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 5 (1992): H1546—H1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.5.h1546.

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Hemoproteins have been suggested to contribute to various forms of tissue injury by catalyzing the peroxidation of lipids. In this study, the ability of hemoglobin to catalyze the production of a neutrophil-activating factor from arachidonic acid was examined. Incubation of arachidonic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and hemoglobin at 37 degrees C for 30 min resulted in the production of a lipid-extractable substance that was chemotactic for neutrophils in vitro and could stimulate leukocyte adherence in vivo. These actions could be inhibited by two leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonists. The per

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25

Zhang, T. Q., A. F. MacKenzie, and B. C. Liang. "Long-term changes in Mehlich-3 extractable P and K in a sandy clay loam soil under continuous corn (Zea mays L.)." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 3 (1995): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-052.

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Rates of change of soil nutrient levels during crop production can be used to evaluate the long-term economic value and sustainability of fertilizer practices. Objectives were to quantify changes in Mehlich-3 extractable P and K due to additions of inorganic and manure P and K in corn (Zea mays L.) production. Surface (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) samples were collected after harvest from 1984 to 1993 on a Chicot sandy clay loam soil (Grey Brown Luvisol) fertilized with two rates of inorganic P and K and with dairy manure. Manure P at 60 kg P ha−1 plus inorganic fertilizer P at 132 kg ha−1

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26

Stumborg, C., and J. J. Schoenau. "Evaluating phosphorus loading from repeated manure applications to two Saskatchewansoils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, no. 3 (2008): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s06-048.

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An understanding of the impact of repeated manure additions on soil phosphorus (P) is needed to determine appropriate manure application rates for prairie soils and manure sources. The objective of this study was to assess the loading of manure-derived phosphorus using P budgets and soil P measurement techniques applied to two Saskatchewan soils with known histories of manure application. Liquid hog manure (LHM) and solid cattle manure (SCM) treatments were applied annually over 8 yr to Black Chernozemic soils (Dixon site), and LHM was applied to Dark Brown Chernozemic soils (Plenty site) over

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27

EVANS Jr., A., and R. C. SORENSEN. "EFFECT OF IONIC STRENGTH AND SOLUTION pH ON P EXTRACTABILITY AND LEACHING IN COARSE-TEXTURED SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-011.

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A laboratory study was conducted using columns of Valentine loamy sand to determine the effect of ionic strength (I) and solution pH of a leaching solution on P distribution and extractability with depth. Solutions of KCl at concentrations of 1.0, 10−2, 10−4 and 10−6 mol∙L−1 with a pH of either 4.0, 6.0, or 8.0 were added to the column after the application of 0.3 g diammonium phosphate to the surface of each column. Approximately two pore volumes, 500 mL of solution, were added to the columns, after which they were sectioned and the amount of Bray extractable P in each section was measured. I

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28

Simard, R. R., S. Beauchemin, and M. R. Laverdière. "Limed sewage sludge effects on nutrient status and metal fractions in acidic soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 1 (1999): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-021.

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The potential impacts of limed sludge on nutrient and heavy metal bioavailability must be studied for their safe use on acidic soils. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of limed sludges on six acidic soils from eastern Canada. CaCO3 and raw sewage sludges (RSS) stabilized with either CaO (CaO + S) or cement kiln dust (CKD + S) were added to soils in amount necessary to reach pH 6.5 and the mixtures were then incubated for 64 d. CaO + S treatments were the most efficient to neutralize soil acidity. After 10 d of incubation, the Sr-citrate extractable P was significantly increa

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29

Bowen, P. A., B. J. Zebarth, and P. M. A. Toivonen. "Dynamics of nitrogen and dry-matter partitioning and accumulation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in relation to extractable soil inorganic nitrogen." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 2 (1999): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-056.

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The effects of six rates of N fertilization (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg N ha−1) on the dynamics of N utilization relative to extractable inorganic N in the soil profile were determined for broccoli in three growing seasons. The amount of pre-existing extractable inorganic N in the soil was lowest for the spring planting, followed by the early-summer then late-summer plantings. During the first 2 wk after transplanting, plant dry-matter (DM) and N accumulation rates were low, and because of the mineralization of soil organic N the extractable soil inorganic N increased over that added as

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30

Meyer, Wietse L., and Paul A. Arp. "Exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity of forest soil samples: Effects of drying, storage, and horizon." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 4 (1994): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-055.

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Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, and Si extractable with 1 N ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, pH 4.5) and 1 N ammonium acetate (NH4OAc, pH 4.5) were determined for forest soil samples as follows: (1) before drying, and (2) at several time intervals after air-drying (1, 5, 11 and 14 wk). Values for CEC were obtained for the same samples by determining (1) the sum of cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Fe3+, and Mn2+) in the extracts [denoted [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]], and (2) the amount of ammonium retained by the soil samples against water washing [denoted CEC(NH4OAc) a

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31

LIANG, J., J. W. B. STEWART, and R. E. KARAMANOS. "DISTRIBUTION OF ZINC FRACTIONS IN PRAIRIE SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (1990): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-034.

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The distribution of Zn in soil fractions was determined for 27 representative prairie soils from Saskatchewan. Total Zn in the 27 soils under study ranged from 19.0 to 106.6 μg g−1 with an average of 62.0 μg g−1. A sequential fractionation showed that 0.2–2.4% of total Zn was exchangeable, 0.4–8.1% was Pb-displaceable, 0.4–4.3% was acid soluble, 1.6–9.7% was associated with Mn oxides, 0.6–4.4% was associated with organic matter and 0.9–5.1% was associated with Fe + Al oxides. Most of the total Zn was present in residual form (66.9–91.0%). Amounts of Zn in exchangeable and Pb-displaceable fract

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32

Kashem, Md Abul, Olalekan Oluwole Akinremi, and Geza Joseph Racz. "Extractable phosphorus in alkaline soils amended with high rates of organic and inorganic phosphorus." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 4 (2004): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-085.

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Information on the extractable P in soils treated with different organic amendments and how it changes with time is important to a sound management of manure addition to agriculture soils. This laboratory study investigated the impact of adding municipal biosolids, hog and cattle manures and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on extractable P in soils. Phosphorus was added at rates of 0, 110, 220, 440 and 880 mg P kg-1 for the Osborne soil (Gleysolic Humic Vertisol), and 0, 123, 307 and 614 mg P kg-1 for the Lakeland soil (Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem) in the form of biosolids, hog manure, cattle man

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PASCALE, G. DI, and A. VIOLANTE. "INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHATE IONS ON THE EXTRACTION OF ALUMINUM BY 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE FROM OH-AL SUSPENSIONS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (1986): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-057.

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Aluminum was extracted from OH-Al-suspensions ([Al3+] = 6.4 × 10−4 mol L−1; OH/Al molar ratio = 1.0, 1.5, 2.2) aged 5 and 18 mo by 8-hydroxyquinoline into four different species: readily extractable (Alre), moderately ex tractable (Alme), slowly extractable (ALse) and nonextractable (Alne) aluminum. In all the systems, the percentages of Alre were the highest of the ultrafiltered hydrolytic products of Al, ranging from 68.1 to 21.1%, whereas the percentages of Alme and Alse were [Formula: see text]. The higher the OH/Al molar ratio and the longer the aging period of OH-Al-suspensions, the lowe

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Ige, D. V., O. O. Akinremi, D. Flaten, and M. A. Kashem. "Comparison of soil test phosphorus methods in neutral to calcareous Manitoba soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (2006): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-045.

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Increasing concern for the amount of P entering lakes in Manitoba may lead to regulation of P concentration in agricultural soils. A possible means for this regulation is the use of soil test P. This may require a means of comparing soil test P analyses as various laboratories in Manitoba employ different methods of soil test P determination. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (i) compare the methods of P determination in Manitoba soils, and (ii) develop equations for converting different soil test P methods from one to another. One hundred and fifteen archived surface soil samples rep

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SOON, Y. K., and S. ABBOUD. "TRACE ELEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (1990): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-029.

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Fifty-two surface soils and 11 subsoils collected from agricultural soils of the Peace River region of northwestern Alberta were analyzed for total and extractable contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The purpose of this survey was to build up a data base on trace element contents of agricultural and environmental concerns for soils of this region. Extractable amounts were determined by DTPA-ammonium bicarbonate, 0.05 M EDTA, 0.1 M HCl and saturation extractions. Total Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Pb concentrations were similar to average values for "world" soils; Ni was less than and Zn greater t

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Nesdoly, R. G., and K. C. J. Vanrees. "Redistribution of extractable nutrients following disc trenching on Luvisols and Brunisols in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 2 (1998): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-057.

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Disc trenching is an important silvicultural management tool for creating microsites to ensure the survival and growth of newly planted seedlings. Mounded microsites are thought to be a source of nutrients for seedling roots; however, little is known concerning how nutrients are redistributed in the soil after disc trenching. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the redistribution of soil horizons and selected soil chemical properties following Delta disc trenching. Three sites were selected on both Luvisol and Brunisol soils in northern Saskatchewan. Soil profiles were exc

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Prescott, C. E., M. A. McDonald, and G. F. Weetman. "Availability of N and P in the forest floors of adjacent stands of western red cedar–western hemlock and western hemlock–amabilis fir on northern Vancouver Island." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 4 (1993): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-080.

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Availability of N and P was compared in the forest floors of old-growth forests of western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn)and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (CH forests), and second-growth forests of western hemlock and amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) (HA forests) of windthrow origin. Five samples of each forest floor layer (litter, fermentation (woody and nonwoody), and humus (woody and nonwoody)) were collected from three forests of each type (CH and HA). All layers of CH forest floors had smaller concentrations of total and extractable N and mineralized less N d

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Zeng, L., R. L. Johnson, X. Li, and J. Liu. "Phosphorus removal from aqueous solutions by sorption on two volcanic soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 5 (2003): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-006.

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The use of low-cost materials for P removal is of interest for developing cost-effective techniques for preventing P pollution. This paper reports a study on phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by sorption on two volcanic soils. The raw and HCl-treated soils were characterized with respect to oxalate-extractable and dithionite-extractable Al and Fe contents, surface area, and P sorption capacities. The phosphate sorption isotherms, kinetics, pH effects, and desorbability were evaluated in batch tests. The measured isotherm data were well fitted by the Freundlich and Temkin models. Phospha

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STRONG, W. L., and G. H. LA ROI. "USE OF SOIL HORIZONS AS ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING UNITS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 1 (1988): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-014.

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Extractable nutrients and physical properties of Eutric Brunisols from pine and aspen stands were evaluated for their relationship to soil horizons classified according to morphological criteria. The results indicate strong horizon-nutrient associations, suggesting that soil horizons are appropriate sampling units for ecological studies concerned with below-ground nutrient and edaphic conditions. Key words: Nutrients, principal components analysis, soil horizon

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Campbell, L. G., and K. L. Klotz. "Characterizing sugarbeet varieties for postharvest storage losses is complicated by environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 1 (2007): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-085.

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Each year millions of tons of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots are stored in large exposed piles prior to processing. During postharvest storage, respiration and invert sugar formation consume sucrose and even a small reduction in these losses would have substantial economic impact. This study investigated the relative importance of hybrid, environment, and hybrid × environment interactions and examined their implications in characterizing hybrids for sucrose loss during storage or developing hybrids with improved storage properties. Glucose, fructose, and extractable sucrose concentrations

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Dwyer, L. M., M. Tollenaar, and L. Houwing. "A nondestructive method to monitor leaf greenness in corn." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 2 (1991): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-070.

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A portable chlorophyll meter was calibrated with extractable chlorophyll measurements from six corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids, and the utility of the meter in identifying differences in leaf greenness was assessed in growth-cabinet and field studies. A single linear regression described the relationship between meter readings and extractable chlorophyll concentration for leaves of all hybrids at a range of growth stages (r2 = 0.83). Meter measurements resolved differences in chlorophyll concentration of two additional test hybrids resulting from different temperature regimes in the growth-cabinet,

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Pizzeghello, Diego, Livio Bellin, Serenella Nardi, Ornella Francioso, Andrea Squartini, and Giuseppe Concheri. "Wood-Based Compost Affects Soil Fertility and the Content of Available Forms of Nutrients in Vineyard and Field-Scale Agroecosystems." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (2021): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030518.

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To counteract the loss of organic matter of agricultural soils, the use of compost from green and woody residues is a promising strategy. In this study, an organic farm (NE Italy) was investigated to determine the effect of management practices on physical and chemical soil properties. The organic system received three years ago a single high dose (60 t ha−1) of a wood-based compost (WBC), and it was compared with a conventional farm that annually managed mineral plus manure fertilization. In both systems, soil samples from a vineyard and field-scale rotation were collected, together with soil

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Boyle, C. David, and Bradley R. Kropp. "Development and comparison of methods for measuring growth of filamentous fungi on wood." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 10 (1992): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-173.

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Measures of fungal growth with potential for use on wood-chip media were developed. These included (i) visual inspection, (ii) substrate dry weight loss, (iii) rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, (iv) extractable protein content, and (v) chitin content of the colonized substrate. The responses of the various assays to different growing conditions were assessed by using them on measured weights of mycelium, collected at intervals from liquid media with various composition. Growth of various species on either nutrient supplemented or unsupplemented wood chips was then measured. Each assay

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GIROUX, M., and T. SEN TRAN. "EVALUATION DU PHOSPHORE ASSIMILABLE DES SOLS ACIDES AVEC DIFFERENTES METHODES D’EXTRACTION EN RELATION AVEC LE RENDEMENT DE L’AVOINE ET LES PROPRIETES DU SOL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-006.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate different available P extracting methods in relation with soil properties, oat yield and plant P uptake. Six chemical extractants (Bray-1, Bray-2, new Mehlich, North Carolina DA-4, DA-10, and Olsen) and two anion exchange resins (F− and HCO3−) were compared on 42 acid soils. The DA-4, DA-10, new Mehlich, and HCO3− resin methods showed the best correlation with oat yield and plant P uptake. The Bray-1, Bray-2 methods were significantly less correlated than the other methods. The HCO3− resin was better than F− resin to predict plant P uptake and yield.

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Nakagaito, Antonio Norio, Yusuke Katsumoto, and Hitoshi Takagi. "Extraction of cellulose nanofiber from parenchyma cells of agricultural residues." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 14n15 (2019): 1940012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919400128.

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Cellulose nanofiber is an environmentally friendly reinforcing phase extractable from plants, with potential application in composites. Due to the cell wall structure differences, plant parenchyma cells might be easier to nanofibrillate than sclerenchyma cells of wood pulp fibers, resulting in lower extraction costs. This study assessed the extraction of nanofibers from residues like corn husk, banana peel, cabbage leaf, and taro leaf using a kitchen blender. Fibrillation was evaluated based on the strength of paper-like sheets produced from the nanofibers. Corn husk was nanofibrillated by the

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Liang, J., J. W. B. Stewart, and R. E. Karamanos. "Distribution and plant availability of soil copper fractions in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 71, no. 1 (1991): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss91-008.

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Growth chamber and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the distribution and plant availability of copper (Cu) fractions in Saskatchewan soils. These studies included an examination of the distribution of Cu fractions in 27 soils and an evaluation of plant availability of native and added Cu fractions in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in seven soils. The soils in these experiments were selected to give a wide variation in physical and chemical properties. Total Cu content of the 27 soils ranged from 6.5 to 39.0 μg g−1 with an average of 21.0 μg g−1. A seven-step sequential fra

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Arrais, A., E. Diana, and E. Boccaleri. "A study on the carbon soot derived from the wood combustion and on the relative alkali-extractable fraction." Journal of Materials Science 41, no. 18 (2006): 6035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0511-z.

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SIMARD, R. R., J. ZIZKA, and C. R. DE KIMPE. "THE KINETICS OF NONEXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM RELEASE FROM QUEBEC SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 3 (1989): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-065.

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Ligands such as complexing organic acids play a significant role in the dynamics of release of plant nutrients in soils. The objective of this work was to study the dynamics of slowly exchangeable K and Mg release from 12 Quebec soils by ten successive extractions with 5 × 10−4 M citric acid, over a period of 1800 h, and by a single extraction with boiling 1.0 M HNO3. All soils were characterized by a mixed clay mineralogical composition with swelling minerals as major components. The kinetics of slowly exchangeable K and Mg cumulative release were described using two forms of the Elovich, the

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Maehara, Noritoshi, Junichi Kikuchi, and Kazuyoshi Futai. "Mycorrhizae of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii): protection of seedlings from acid mist and effect of acid mist on mycorrhiza formation." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 12 (1993): 1562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-190.

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To determine the effects of acid precipitation on Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) with and without mycorrhizae (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker et Couch), 1-year-old seedlings were exposed to simulated acid mist, pH 3.0, for 10 min per day twice a week for 3 or 4 months. Simulated acid mist adversely affected the transpiration rate and lowered the extractable phosphorus content of seedlings, but seedlings with mycorrhizae were less affected by acid mist than were nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Simulated acid mist also retarded mycorrhiza formation. Key words: mycorrhizae, phosphoru

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HOWITT, R. W., and S. PAWLUK. "THE GENESIS OF A GRAY LUVISOL WITHIN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION. I. STATIC PEDOLOGY." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-001.

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An undisturbed site under forest cover near Breton, Alberta was chosen to study the characteristics of a typical Gray Luvisol. Smectite and to a lesser extent mica were dominant in the clay fraction of the Bt. This horizon contained higher levels of organic C, pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-extractable Al than adjacent horizons. Lime carbonate was not found to a depth of 2.25 m. Argillans occupied more than 1% of the area of thin sections from Bt and BC horizons but were better developed and more numerous at depths of 1.5–2.25 m. Pedoturbation appears to

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