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Journal articles on the topic 'Extraction by tractor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Iranparast Bodaghi, Afraz, Mehrdad Nikooy, Ramin Naghdi, et al. "Ground-Based Extraction on Salvage Logging in Two High Forests: A Productivity and Cost Analysis." Forests 9, no. 12 (2018): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120729.

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Working time studies, work productivity, and cost assessments of forest logging are of interest to forest managers and planners. These aspects are particularly important in salvage logging, because of difficulties due to irregularly positioned fallen trees in forest areas, and due to particular aspects related to the absence of work planning. In this research, system productivity and the cost of salvage logging are analyzed for two mountain forests managed with close-to nature-silviculture: the Hyrcanian forest, using extraction by a skidder, and the Camaldoli forest, using extraction by tract

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2

Ma, Xinxin, Tianshuo Zhou, Lijiao Gong, Xin Zhang, Fuyuan Yao, and Chujian Wang. "Design and Development of a Broadband Vibration Energy Harvester Suitable for Tractor Exhaust Cylinder Vibration." Sensors 23, no. 1 (2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010286.

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A large amount of vibration energy exists in the working environment of tractors. Therefore, the use of vibration energy harvesting technology to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy is a feasible way to supply power to low-power sensor equipment in agricultural machinery. Aiming at the problem in which the internal sensors of traditional tractors require built-in batteries or overlapping cables, this work proposes a broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester that could harvest the vibration energy from the tractor exhaust cylinder when the tractor is working. The vibrat

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3

Brown, Rafael Oliveira, Camilla Rocha Rodrigues Cordeiro, Carla Krulikowski Rodrigues, Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima, Dimas Agostinho Da Silva, and Renato Cesar Gonçalves Robert. "PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF WINCHING OPERATIONS IN PINE STANDS IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS." FLORESTA 51, no. 2 (2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.70479.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and energy efficiency of tree extraction in mountainous regions by means of a tractor with winch in two work team compositions: I: one tractor operator and a cable operator; and II: one tractor operator and two cable operators. The study was carried out in Vale do Ribeira region using a full tree harvesting system through a time and motion study in different conditions of extraction distance (6 to 135 meters) and log yard (5 to 241 meters), and land slope (from 7 to 37º). To evaluate the cycles, a regression analysis was carried out

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4

Karaszewski, Zbigniew, Dieter F. Giefing, Piotr S. Mederski, Mariusz Bembenek, Anita Dobek, and Anastasia Stergiadou. "Stand damage when harvesting timber using a tractor for extraction." Forest Research Papers 74, no. 1 (2013): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0004.

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Abstract Damage to the remaining stand is an unavoidable consequence of thinning operations. The different machines used for timber extraction differ in the level of damage of trees they cause, mainly through wounds to the bark and cambium which can make a substantial impact on the remaining trees. Three different methods of timber harvesting with a chainsaw were analyzed: the short wood system (SWS), the long wood system (LWS) and the full tree system (FTS) in which an agricultural tractor is used for timber extracting. All systems were analyzed in stands containing three different age classe

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Karaszewski, Zbigniew, Dieter F. Giefing, Piotr S. Mederski, Anita Dobek, and Anastasia Stergiadou. "Stand damage when harvesting timber using a tractor for extraction." Forest Research Papers 74 (1) (March 1, 2013): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0004.

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Damage to the remaining stand is an unavoidable consequence of thinning operations. The different machines used for timber extraction differ in the level of damage of trees they cause, mainly through wounds to the bark and cambium which can make a substantial impact on the remaining trees. Three different methods of timber harvesting with a chainsaw were analyzed: the short wood system (SWS), the long wood system (LWS) and the full tree system (FTS) in which an agricultural tractor is used for timber extracting. All systems were analyzed in stands containing three different age classes: 2nd (2

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6

Dudek, Tomasz, and Kamil Halat. "Comparing the productivity and costs of extraction short and longwood." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 124 (December 26, 2023): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.7087.

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Comparing the productivity and costs of extraction short and long wood. The aim of the studywas compare the effectiveness of extraction short and long wood, carried out on the same felling area.LKT 80 (set 1) and a Valtra 8050 farm tractor with Palms 10D forestry trailer equipped with Palms 4.70hydraulic crane (set 2) were used for the experiment. Set 1 transported long timber (> 6.0 m) on anaverage distance of 365 m with an average load of 3.44 m3. Set 2 transported short timber 2.5 m long, anaverage distance of 500 m, with an average load of 6.90 m3.The unit cost per hour of extracting lo

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7

Çalişkan, Erhan, and Uzay Karahalil. "Evaluation of forest road network and determining timber extraction system using GIS." Šumarski list 141, no. 3-4 (2017): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.6.

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Secondary forest road network planning and primary timber extraction systems play very important roles in sustainable forest management. The progression of forest areas in Turkey and the world towards mountains as well as the increase in working obligations have made timber extraction systems gain more importance. The forest areas found in mountainous lands with harsh slopes in Turkey makes timber extraction systems more problematic and more complex. The objective of this study is to develop a model for timber extraction systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis considering t

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Forkuo, Gabriel Osei, Marina Viorela Marcu, Eugen Iordache, and Stelian Alexandru Borz. "Timber Extraction by Farm Tractors in Low-Removal-Intensity Continuous Cover Forestry: A Simulation of Operational Performance and Fuel Consumption." Forests 15, no. 8 (2024): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15081422.

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Farm tractors represent a possible option for forwarding operations in continuous cover forestry, given the generally lower removal intensities, relatively high dispersion of timber, and heightened concerns regarding the environmental impact of operations. This study evaluated the performance of a farm tractor fitted with an externally operated crane and a bunk for forwarding operations, using field-documented data on operational speed, production, and fuel use, as well as data from high-resolution video recordings for a detailed time-and-motion study. Using this knowledge, performance simulat

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İnanç, Taş, and Akay Abdullah Emin. "Productivity Analysis of Modified Farm Tractors in Forwarding Industrial Wood Products." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 20 (June 4, 2020): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/412018.

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Public demands for forest products and services have been increasing gradually in many countries all over the world. Among the forest products, mostly round woods are produced in Turkey due to high economic value. On the other hand, there is a significant increase in demand for industrial woods in the domestic market in recent years. The reason behind this increase is the need of domestic companies in the wood-based panel industry for a large amount of wood raw material. . Farm tractors are the most widely used forest machinery in the extraction of industrial wood in Turkey. Farm tractors can

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10

Spinelli, Raffaele, and Natascia Magagnotti. "Wood Extraction with Farm Tractor and Sulky: Estimating Productivity, Cost and Energy Consumption." Small-scale Forestry 11, no. 1 (2011): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-011-9169-8.

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11

DeArmond, Daniel, João B. S. Ferraz, Fabiano Emmert, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, and Niro Higuchi. "An Assessment of Soil Compaction after Logging Operations in Central Amazonia." Forest Science 66, no. 2 (2019): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz070.

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Abstract In the forests of the Amazon Basin, there are still few studies on soil compaction caused by logging activities. This study evaluated an operation located on the property of a timber company in Central Amazonia, which uses harvesting techniques based on the harvesting system developed by the Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname. The timber-extraction method employed by the timber company consists of three activities: (1) skid trail construction with a track-type tractor, (2) log winching with a winch attached to the tractor, and (3) log skidding with a rubber-tired skidder. So

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12

Gulci, Sercan. "Productivity of a farm tractor with single drum winch during whole-tree timber extraction." Šumarski list 144, no. 1-2 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.144.1-2.4.

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U pošumljenim područjima s nedostupnim terenom troškovi pridobivanja drva izrazito su važni. To utječe na razinu mehaniziranosti u šumarstvu. Adaptirani poljoprivredni traktori u širokoj su uporabi, posebice u zemljama u razvoju, kao učinkovita sredstva za prijevoz trupaca ili debla od mjesta sječe do stovarišta. U ovom istraživanju procijenjena je proizvodnost adaptiranog poljoprivrednog traktora s jednobubanjskim vitlom smještenim s prednje strane vozila. Ukupni troškovi tog sustava (traktora i vitla) iznose otprilike 19580 € (Eura). Primijenjena je studija rada i vremena povratnom metodom t

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Marenče, Jurij, Anđelko Brnić, and Marijan Šušnjar. "WHEEL SLIP DURING WOOD EXTRACTION." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 47, no. 2 (2017): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2017.v47.i2.58.

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UDK: 630*31:630*36 In the paper is conducted comparison of the wheel slip of the two different skidders in the equal conditions of extraction (equal loads and slopes of the tractor road and skid trail). The first skidder in the research is ECOTRAC 120 V of the Croatian manufacturer Hittner d.o.o. with the mechanical transmission and the other skidder is of the Slovenian manufacture WOODY 110 with the hydrostatic transmission.  Wheel slip of the skidder during the research is determined on the basis of the number of wheel rotations. Distance travelled is calculated from the multipli

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14

Prokes, Bela. "Some laboratory blood indicators in tractor drivers exposed to pesticides." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 119 (2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1019097p.

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Pesticides represent group of extremely different compounds or mixed compounds. They are produced in the form of powder for direct application, powder for suspension, concentrated suspension, concentration of emulsion, and in other forms as well. Influence of pesticides to exposed workers mainly depends on technology of pesticide application use. All poisons, just like pesticides that come in organism in some way and reach the location of their metabolism, accumulation in the body or extraction must get there through blood. Pesticides influence stem cells in bone marrow, then maturation proces

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15

Andreyanov, N. V., A. S. Sytnik, and M. P. Shleymovich. "Object Detection in Images Using Deep Neural Networks for Agricultural Machinery." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 3 (2022): 032002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/3/032002.

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Abstract The article deals with the creation of intelligent tractor driver support systems based on computer vision technologies for analyzing the direction of movement and detecting obstacles when performing specified operations, such as plowing, harrowing, weeding, and fertilizing. Electric power poles, trees, rocks, bird nests, animals, people, and field roads are identified as obstacles. The solution of functional problems in the system is based on the extraction of information from images using methods for detecting and recognizing objects in images. The analysis of existing approaches to

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16

Latterini, Francesco, Walter Stefanoni, Vincenzo Alfano, Nadia Palmieri, Paolo Mattei, and Luigi Pari. "Assessment of Working Performance and Costs of Two Small-Scale Harvesting Systems for Medium Rotation Poplar Plantations." Forests 13, no. 4 (2022): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040569.

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Considering the increasing need to produce energy from renewable sources, the interest towards Medium Rotation Coppices (MRC) plantations has increased. One of the main issues that require tackling for the comprehensive sustainability of these plantations is related to the development of sustainable harvesting systems. Indeed, as a consequence of the average tree diameters at a breast height (dbh) of about 15 cm, single-pass harvesting typical of short rotation coppice is not applicable. Therefore, these plantations are generally harvested with machinery specifically developed for forest opera

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17

Lu, Wei, Mengjie Zeng, Ling Wang, et al. "Navigation Algorithm Based on the Boundary Line of Tillage Soil Combined with Guided Filtering and Improved Anti-Noise Morphology." Sensors 19, no. 18 (2019): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183918.

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An improved anti-noise morphology vision navigation algorithm is proposed for intelligent tractor tillage in a complex agricultural field environment. At first, the two key steps of guided filtering and improved anti-noise morphology navigation line extraction were addressed in detail. Then, the experiments were carried out in order to verify the effectiveness and advancement of the presented algorithm. Finally, the optimal template and its application condition were studied for improving the image-processing speed. The comparison experiment results show that the YCbCr color space has minimum

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18

Devyanin, S. N., A. V. Bizhaev, Y. D. Pavlov, S. M. Vetrova, and A. S. Barchukova. "Parametric Characterization of a Tractor Engine by Specific Fuel Consumption." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 17, no. 4 (2023): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2023-17-4-68-74.

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The paper highlights that equipping agricultural mobile machines with sensors and electronic controls enables the remote acquisition of real-time information regarding the technical condition of engine systems while operation. (Research purpose) The objective of this research is to formulate a methodology for determining the multi-parameter characteristics of specific effective fuel consumption. This is illustrated through an examination of the Deutz BF 6M 2012 C engine, installed in the of the Terrion ATM 4200 tractor. (Materials and methods) The electronic control system was examined through

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Correia, Tiago Pereira da Silva, Arthur Gabriel Caldas Lopes, Francisco Faggion, Guilherme Rodrigues de Brito, and Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa. "PERFORMANCE OPERATIONAL AND COSTS OF MECHANIZED STUMP EXTRACTION SETS." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 28 (November 19, 2020): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.10272.

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Stump extraction can be carried out in different ways, among which the mechanized removal is the most usual in the forestry sector. Information regarding the operation with cutting implements is important in the context of decision taking, operational and economic optimization of the activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the operational performance and mechanized costs of different stump extractors implements in an eucalyptus harvested area. The work was carried out in an Eucalyptus urograndis clones harvested area where the treatments adopted for removal were the following: agr

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Zhou, Mingkuan, Weiwei Wang, Shenqing Shi, Zhen Huang, and Tao Wang. "Research on Global Navigation Operations for Rotary Burying of Stubbles Based on Machine Vision." Agriculture 15, no. 1 (2025): 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15010114.

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In order to plan suitable navigation operation paths for the characteristics of rice fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the operational requirements of straw rotary burying, this paper proposes a combination of the Hough matrix and RANSAC algorithms to extract the starting routes of straw boundaries; the algorithm adopts the Hough matrix to extract the characteristic points of the straw boundaries and remove the redundancies, and then reduces the influence of noise points caused by different straw shapes using the RANSAC algorithm to improve the accuracy of the sta

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Proto, Andrea Rosario, Alois Skoupy, Giorgio Macri, and Giuseppe Zimbalatti. "Time consumption and productivity of a medium size mobile tower yarder in downhill and uphill configurations: a case study in Czech Republic." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 4 (2016): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.551.

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Cable cranes are among the most important means of yarding and transporting timber in many mountainous regions of Europe. In the last decade, all-terrain mobile tower cable cranes have been increasing due to their adaptability to operate both in uphill as well in downhill configuration. This research assesses the efficiency and the costs of a mobile cable crane manufactured in Czech Republic and designed for all-terrain application and specifically mounted on a wheeled agricultural tractor. A total of 100 cycle times were recorded in order to obtain evaluate the performance in the downhill as

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Šušnjar, Marijan, Zdravko Pandur, Marin Bačić, Kruno Lepoglavec, Hrvoje Nevečerel, and Hrvoje Kopseak. "Possibilities for the Development of an Electric Hybrid Skidder Based on Energy Consumption Measurement in Real Terrain Conditions." Forests 14, no. 1 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010058.

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Growing demand for forest machines that cost less to operate than current compared to traditional hydraulic and mechanical ones, along with regulatory pressures for lower emissions, is increasing manufacturers’ interest in developing electric and hybrid drives. While purely electric drives of forest machines meet a lot of bottlenecks (costs of the electric components, battery durability, duration of charging, access to the electrical grid, size of batteries that can ensure enough energy for 8 h working time), electric hybrid drives offer a favorable solution for the propulsion of forestry mach

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Shi, Wenhui, Shuai Yue, Zhiqian Li, et al. "Dynamic Simulation and Parameter Analysis of Weaved Composite Material for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Parachute Recovery in Deployment Phase." Crystals 12, no. 6 (2022): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060758.

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Aiming at the parachute recovery of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles, a method of parachute deployment by tractor rocket is proposed. First, the tensile tests were carried out on high-strength polyethylene and brocade silk-weaved composite materials. The dynamic property parameters of the materials were obtained, which was the input for the dynamic model of the parachute deployment phase. Second, the model was verified by the experiment results. Finally, parachute weight and rocket launch temperature during the deployment phase were studied. The results showed that the dynamic model has goo

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Dionisio, Luiz Fernandes Silva, Lucas Feitosa Costa, Camila de Almeida Milhomem, and Gustavo Schwartz. "Costs of semi-mechanized forest harvest of Tectona grandis L. F. in the brazilian Amazon." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 6 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n6.a464.

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The objective of this study was to identify the harvesting system applied for Tectona grandis and its adaptations to describe the harvesting activities, characterization of the machines used and costing. The costs raised in this work were divided by activity and cost component. The work resulted in the description of the forest felling, this being carried out using three chainsaws of the Stihl brand, model MS 660 with the chainsaw teams adjusted to the scheme (1+1), an operator and a helper. As an adaptation of the system, the extraction was performed from inside the field to the storage yard,

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Godzhayev, Z. A., M. V. Lyashenko, V. V. Shekhovtsov, P. V. Potapov, and A. I. Iskaliyev. "Vibration levels on operator’s workplace and vibration protection characteristics of seat suspensions." Izvestia MGTU MAMI 1, no. 1 (2021): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2021-47-1-2-11.

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This article analyzes the nature and parameters of the main operational disturbances, which ener-gy is directly or indirectly transferred to the operator's workplace of tractor with a caterpillar or wheeled propeller when performing various technological operations, based on experimental re-search data. The main operating frequency range of these operational disturbances is considered. The contribution of each frequency component to the overall level of vibration at the operator's workplace is assessed. The example of implementation the results of field measurements of real op-erational distur

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Alcoverro, Gerard, Adriano Raddi, and Gianni Picchi. "Preliminary Tests of a Hybrid Cable Splice (Synthetic–Metal) to Innovate Timber Harvesting in the Mediterranean Forestry Sector." Forests 15, no. 2 (2024): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020246.

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Forest operations in the Mediterranean basin are still largely based on lowly mechanized systems. In this context, hauling is generally performed with equipment deploying steel cables, such as winches on farm tractors or skidders. In the last decades, several efforts focused on the substitution of steel cables with synthetic rope to improve safety, comfort and productivity. Despite the expected benefits, these efforts were generally frustrated due to the higher cost and lower duration of synthetic cables. These are relevant constraints, particularly for Mediterranean forest companies, which fe

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Schweier, Janine, Boško Blagojević, Rachele Venanzi, Francesco Latterini, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Strip Clear Cutting Operations for Wood Chip Production in Renaturalization Management of Pine Stands." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173306.

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In Mediterranean regions, afforested areas were planted to ensure the permanence of land cover, and to protect against erosion and to initiate the vegetation processes. For those purposes, pine species were mainly used; however, many of these stands, without silvicultural treatments for over fifty-sixty years, were in a poor state from physical and biological perspective, and therefore, clear-cutting on strips was conducted as silvicultural operation with the aim to eliminate 50% of the pine trees and to favor the affirmation of indigenous broadleaves seedlings. At the same time, the high and

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Akay, A. E., and B. Yılmaz. "USING GIS AND AHP FOR PLANNING PRIMER TRANSPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-19-2017.

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Primer transportation is one of the most costly and time consuming forestry activities in extraction of timber from forest lands. Transportation methods are essentially determined based on terrain characteristics, especially ground slope. Besides, unsuitable machine selection and unplanned operations may cause ecological damages such as soil disturbance. Soil damage can lead to long term impacts on forest ecosystem. Thus, the optimum transportation methods should be determined by considering not only economic factors but also topographical factors and soil conditions. In recent decades, some o

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Pike, Keith S. "Aphid Control in Winter Wheat with In-Furrow Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (1987): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.314.

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Abstract Two insecticides were evaluate.! to determine their effect on grain aphids and grain yield. Plots were planted on 30 Aug ‘85 on the Washington State University, Roza Research Farm neai Prosser, Washington, using a tractor-mounted 4-row belt-cone Almaco grain drill with double disc openers. Seeding rate was 40 lb/acre. Plots were furrow irrigated in the spring. Treatments were made at planting through the grain drill with the seed. Plots were 4 rows (12 inches between rows) by 17 ft ii length, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Aphid control was determined on the

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Brown, Rafael Oliveira, Cícero Jorge Fonseca Dolácio, Allan Libaneo Pelissari, Roberto Tuyoshi Hosokawa, Renato Cesar Gonçalves Robert, and Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima. "ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE TO ESTIMATE FOREST EXTRACTION WORK CYCLE TIME IN A MOUNTAINOUS SITE." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 8, no. 2 (2023): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v8i2.89875.

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Forest harvesting is a complex activity, involving the movement of machines and wood volume being affected by several variables that interfere directly or indirectly in this forest operation. Linear models can be used to evaluate the impact of some of these variables on forest harvesting, although linear models have some limitations that prevent a better inference, for this reason, other alternatives such as artificial neural networks (ANN) can contribute to the understanding of the effect of variables on harvesting operations. The objective of this study was to compare the estimates of operat

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Czupy, I. "Energetic comparison of some stump-removing methods." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 10, no. 1 (2014): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/progress.10.2014.3.

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Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages are encouraging interest in stumps, as alternative energy sources. Stumps are an almost unused resource in the context of bio fuels. Stump harvesting signifies an intensification of forest management compared with conventional stem-only or above-ground biomass-only harvesting. There are many benefits of stump harvesting. These include: the production of wood fuel, fossil fuel substitution, and improved soil preparation.Removing tree trunks in Hungary has been going on according to the principle of stump extraction, which means stumps are

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Yang, Meng, Xiaoxu Sun, Xiaoting Deng, Zhixiong Lu, and Tao Wang. "Extrapolation of Tractor Traction Resistance Load Spectrum and Compilation of Loading Spectrum Based on Optimal Threshold Selection Using a Genetic Algorithm." Agriculture 13, no. 6 (2023): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13061133.

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To obtain the load spectrum of the traction resistance of the three-point suspension device under tractor-plowing conditions, a load spectrum extrapolation method based on a genetic algorithm optimal threshold selection is proposed. This article first uses a pin force sensor to measure the plowing resistance of the tractor’s three-point suspension device under plowing conditions and preprocesses the collected load signal. Next, a genetic algorithm is introduced to select the threshold based on the Peak Over Threshold (POT) extremum extrapolation model. The Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD)

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Поляков and Nikolay Polyakov. "Study of the frictional properties of brake pads with different relief of oil ducts." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (2015): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11279.

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Some technological operations – stump extraction, preparation of forest roads are made by machines based on powerful caterpillar tractors. One of the problematic units of caterpillar tractors is band brakes of &#34;dry&#34; friction. Typically, friction tape must be changed after two ТО-3. Belt shoe brakes, working in oil, have higher durability (at least one order of magnitude). Apart from the choice of a special friction material for such a brake oil supply system must be ensured and special oil ducts on the working surfaces of the pads. In the literature several fundamental configur

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Lee, Eun-Jai, Yun-Sung Choi, Min-Jae Cho, et al. "A Literature Review on Cable Extraction Practices of South Korea: 1990–2020." Forests 12, no. 7 (2021): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070908.

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Cable yarding technology remains the most effective operation in steep terrain harvesting systems; however, it has limitations and challenges. Using cable yarders (tractor-, truck-, and excavator-based) to extract tree lengths and whole trees has been common since the late 20th century in South Korea, and cable yarding operations were developed in the late 1800s in the United States and Europe. Machine potential and limitations must be understood to ensure the widespread use of technology, strong cooperation, and optimal selection of machinery size. We reviewed the literature on tower yarder p

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Bartoš, Luboš, Pavel Máchal, and Alois Skoupý. "Possibilities of using price analysis in decision making on the use of harvester technology in forestry." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 4 (2009): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957040031.

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The concept of harvester technology is understood as a fully mechanized harvesting technology for the purpose of timber logging, which means timber handling, extraction and forwarding or skidding. This complete harvesting technology consists of two different assignments of accommodated, specialized logging machines – harvester and forwarder.This timber harvesting technology currently represents a state-of-the-art technology in logging and transport of timber in forestry. This is because the efficiency of the “harvester and forwarder” combination is several times higher than that of the commonl

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Marra, Elena, Andrea Laschi, Fabio Fabiano, et al. "Impacts of wood extraction on soil: assessing rutting and soil compaction caused by skidding and forwarding by means of traditional and innovative methods." European Journal of Forest Research 141, no. 1 (2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01420-w.

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AbstractIntensive forestry operations may cause soil compaction, plastic soil disturbances and rutting, which are responsible for undesirable effects on soils, vegetation and water bodies. Despite the numerous studies aimed to identify the main factors affecting soil damages, it still remains unclear whether wood extraction methods and driving direction (uphill or downhill) may affect the impacts of forest machines. This research analyses soil compaction and soil penetration resistance as well as rutting from forwarding and skidding using the same farm tractor in up- and downhill wood extracti

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Papandrea, Salvatore F., Stanimir Stoilov, Maria Francesca Cataldo, et al. "Evaluation of Productivity and Cost Analysis on a Combined Logging System." Forests 15, no. 6 (2024): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15060980.

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The efficient planning and control of timber harvesting operations is crucial to growth productivity and reducing costs, and different systems or methods are applied to obtain elevated performance. In particular, cable yarding is a highly appreciated and very efficient wood extraction method in areas that are difficult to access with ground-based extraction machines. Combined logging systems are not diffuse and not often implemented. For this reason, the use and the application of innovative methods are limited. However, some combinations have recently been observed in forest operations. This

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Borz, Stelian Alexandru, and Victor-Bogdan Mititelu. "Productivity and Fuel Consumption in Skidding Roundwood on Flat Terrains by a Zetor Farm Tractor in Group Shelterwood Cutting of Mixed Oak Forests." Forests 13, no. 8 (2022): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081294.

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Productivity assessment studies are essential in forest operations, mainly because their results enable operational planning and rate setting, the development of equitable payment systems, the assessment of environmental performance, the assessment of improvements brought by technology development, and the optimization of larger forest-based systems. This study examines productive performance and fuel consumption in farm-tractor based skidding operations implemented in flat terrain oak harvesting by developing detailed statistics and predictive models on skidding performance. Two felling areas

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Lopes, Eduardo Silva, and Carlos Cavassin Diniz. "PRODUTIVIDADE DO TRATOR FLORESTAL CHOCKER SKIDDER NA EXTRAÇÃO DE MADEIRA EM TERRENOS DECLIVOSOS." FLORESTA 45, no. 3 (2015): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i3.36409.

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Este trabalho objetivou analisar os tempos do ciclo operacional e a produtividade do trator florestal chocker skidder na extração de madeira em diferentes classes de declividade e distância, visando gerar informações para o planejamento eficiente das operações e o melhor aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis. O trabalho foi realizado em uma empresa florestal localizada no município de Itararé, SP. Foi realizado um estudo de tempos e movimentos do ciclo operacional, determinando disponibilidade mecânica, disponibilidade técnica, eficiência operacional e produtividade da máquina em diferentes

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Özüağ, Simge, and Ömer Ertuğrul. "Enhanced Occupational Safety in Agricultural Machinery Factories: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Helmet Detection Using Transfer Learning and Majority Voting." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11278. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311278.

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The objective of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven model for the detection of helmet usage among workers in tractor and agricultural machinery factories with the aim of enhancing occupational safety. A transfer learning approach was employed, utilizing nine pre-trained neural networks for the extraction of deep features. The following neural networks were employed: MobileNetV2, ResNet50, DarkNet53, AlexNet, ShuffleNet, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, Inception-ResNetV2, and GoogLeNet. Subsequently, the extracted features were subjected to iterative neighborhood compone

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Hoffman, Benjamin F., David C. Wedge, and Charles J. Gadzik. "Scandinavian Thinning Techniques in a Natural Northeastern Softwood Stand." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (1987): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.38.

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Abstract The applicability of Scandinavian thinning techniques to small-diameter northeastern softwood stands was tested in a hemlock stand in central Maine. Cutting used motormanual techniques in which the cutter felled, limbed, bucked and piled 8-ft bolts for extraction to trailside by a small tractor and winch. Sixteen-foot lengths were also cut in order to compare the relative merits of the two sizes. To simulate radio control, the winch was activated by a retractable nylon line that permitted the operator to control it remotely from within the stand. A small, tracked forwarder transported

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Grzywiński, Witold, Rafał Turowski, Bartłomiej Naskrent, Tomasz Jelonek, and Arkadiusz Tomczak. "The Effect of Season of the Year on the Frequency and Degree of Damage during Commercial Thinning in Black Alder Stands in Poland." Forests 10, no. 8 (2019): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080668.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season of the year on the frequency and degree of damage to residual trees caused during winter and summer timber harvesting operations in young alder stands. Analyses were conducted in pure black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) stands aged 38 and 40 years, located in north-eastern Poland. Chainsaw logging was performed in the cut-to-length (CTL) system, while timber was extracted using an agricultural tractor with a trailer with manual timber loading and unloading. Damage caused in the stand as a result of early thinning operations was ev

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Da Silva Oliveira de Paula, Elizabeth Neire, Leonardo Cassani Lacerda, Nilton César Fiedler, Flávio Cipriano De Assis do Carmo, Filipe Akira Queryno Kuboyama, and Telma Machado De Oliveira Peluzio. "ANÁLISE OPERACIONAL DA EXTRAÇÃO FLORESTAL COM CABOS AÉREOS EM FLORESTA DE EUCALIPTO." Nativa 2, no. 4 (2014): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v2i4.1767.

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Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar uma avaliação técnica de um sistema de cabos aéreos, utilizado na extração de madeira de eucalipto em região montanhosa. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados no Vale do Rio Doce no Leste do Estado de Minas Gerais. A análise operacional do cabo aéreo relacionou um estudo de tempos e movimentos, onde a operação de extração foi subdividida nas seguintes fases: descida do cabo principal, engate, arraste, posicionamento das árvores na estrada, desengate, empilhamento das árvores, deslocamento do trator e interrupções. Para análise dos dados utilizou a Análise de Var

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Kulak, Dariusz. "A comparison of methods to estimate harvest-induced damage to the soil using the example of a beech timber stand." Forest Research Papers 75 (3) (September 1, 2014): 245–51. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0024.

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The study determines the extent of soil disturbances occurring during mechanised harvesting operations in a beech timber stand and investigates whether applying different research methods can be used to classify, in a comparable way, forest areas with different levels of soil damage. In the analysed stand, felling and on-side processing were conducted with chainsaws, while extraction – using an farm tractor. After the completion of logging operations, visible soil disturbances on each sample plot were measured, including surface area, volume and depth, and the value of five most common i

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Liu, Hui, Kun Li, Luyao Ma, and Zhijun Meng. "Headland Identification and Ranging Method for Autonomous Agricultural Machines." Agriculture 14, no. 2 (2024): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020243.

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Headland boundary identification and ranging are the key supporting technologies for the automatic driving of intelligent agricultural machinery, and they are also the basis for controlling operational behaviors such as autonomous turning and machine lifting. The complex, unstructured environments of farmland headlands render traditional image feature extraction methods less accurate and adaptable. This study utilizes deep learning and binocular vision technologies to develop a headland boundary identification and ranging system built upon the existing automatic guided tractor test platform. A

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Turk, Yilmaz, and Murat Yildiz. "The effects of wood chips and slash usage on skid trail sheet erosion caused by log skidding using a farm tractor." Šumarski list 143, no. 5-6 (2019): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.143.5-6.5.

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This study investigated the sheet erosion that occurs as a result of log skidding operations using a farm tractor on skid trails and the use of wood chips and slash in order to minimize the soil loss. A total of four blocks (sample fields) were formed in four designated skid trails in the study area and three runoff plots were established in each block. One of the runoff plots was left empty as a control (CNT). Wood chips (C) was placed in the second plot and logging residue slash (S) in the third. A total of 108 water samples were taken from the test sites, 36 from each of the control, wood c

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Li, Yinglun, Weiliang Wen, Xinyu Guo, et al. "High-throughput phenotyping analysis of maize at the seedling stage using end-to-end segmentation network." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0241528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241528.

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Image processing technologies are available for high-throughput acquisition and analysis of phenotypes for crop populations, which is of great significance for crop growth monitoring, evaluation of seedling condition, and cultivation management. However, existing methods rely on empirical segmentation thresholds, thus can have insufficient accuracy of extracted phenotypes. Taking maize as an example crop, we propose a phenotype extraction approach from top-view images at the seedling stage. An end-to-end segmentation network, named PlantU-net, which uses a small amount of training data, was ex

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Fernández-Martínez, M., and J. M. Sánchez-Lozano. "Assessment of Near-Earth Asteroid Deflection Techniques via Spherical Fuzzy Sets." Advances in Astronomy 2021 (March 8, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6678056.

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Extensions of fuzzy sets to broader contexts constitute one of the leading areas of research in the context of problems in artificial intelligence. Their aim is to address decision-making problems in the real world whenever obtaining accurate and sufficient data is not a straightforward task. In this way, spherical fuzzy sets were recently introduced as a step beyond to modelize such problems more precisely on the basis of the human nature, thus expanding the space of membership levels, which are defined under imprecise circumstances. The main goal in this study is to apply the spherical fuzzy

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Kulak, Dariusz. "A comparison of methods to estimate harvest-induced damage to the soil using the example of a beech timber stand." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 3 (2014): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0024.

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Abstract The study determines the extent of soil disturbances occurring during mechanised harvesting operations in a beech timber stand and investigates whether applying different research methods can be used to classify, in a comparable way, forest areas with different levels of soil damage. In the analysed stand, felling and on-side processing were conducted with chainsaws, while extraction - using an farm tractor. After the completion of logging operations, visible soil disturbances on each sample plot were measured, including surface area, volume and depth, and the value of five most commo

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Leszczyński, Krzysztof, Arkadiusz Stańczykiewicz, Dariusz Kulak, Grzegorz Szewczyk, and Paweł Tylek. "Estimation of Productivity and Costs of Using a Track Mini-Harvester with a Stroke Head for the First Commercial Thinning of a Scots Pine Stand." Forests 12, no. 7 (2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070870.

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The aim of the present work was to estimate the productivity and costs of timber harvesting and forwarding during the first commercial thinning of a Scots pine stand. Three harvesting models were introduced and compared: narrow trail, wide access trail, and schematic extraction. The analyzed harvesting equipment consisted of a track mini-excavator (34 kW) with a stroke harvester head (gripping range 4–30 cm), and a farm tractor coupled to a logging trailer with a hydraulic crane. Merchantable timber (roundwood with a minimum diameter of 5 cm inside bark) was harvested from a 25-year-old plante

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