Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extraction de métabolites secondaires'
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Chaabani, Emna. "Eco-extraction et valorisation des métabolites primaires et secondaires des différentes parties de Pistacia lentiscus." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0714.
Full textThe development of Green chemistry, the depletion of petroleum resources and the awareness of the risks associated to the use of petroleum solvents have led to search a new alternatives to reduce the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research of alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment for the eco-extraction of fatty acids and phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus fruits and aromas from these leaves. A first in silico approach using the COSMO-RS predictions was supplemented by an experimental approach paired with chemometrics analysis. This led to selection of four alternative solvents, MeTHF for oil extraction, EtOAc for aromas extraction, EtOH/H2O (70/30) for polyphenols and flavonoids extraction and EtOH/H2O (80/20) for anthocyanins extraction. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of MeTHF lipid extract and the antioxidant activity of aromatic and phenolic extracts of P. lentiscus were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that vegetable oil exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% the release of (nitric oxide) NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, results highlighted the richness of the fruits in antioxidants. In fact, EtOH/H2O (80/20) extract showed a good antiradical activity (IC50 = 2.39 μg/ml) comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox (IC50 = 2.56 μg / ml). In addition, the aromatic extract obtained with EtOAc showed an interesting anti-radical activity against DPPH (IC50 = 5.82 μg/ml)
Munoz, Julie. "Extraction de l’éponge marine Axinella donnani et synthèse d’une chimiothèque d’analogues du dispacamide A." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112245/document.
Full textPyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles (P-2-AIs) are secondary metabolites specifically encountered in marine sponges. They are mainly found in Agelasidae, Halichondridae and Axinellidae families. Thus, the chemical study of the marine sponge Axinella donnani has led to the extension of the current knowledge about the diversity of the family and a better understanding of their biogenesis. Two batches of the sponges have been studied to lead to the isolation of 29 compounds: among them six P-2-AIs new dimers, a new mazacidin molecule and a new 3,5-bromotyrosine dimer. Their structures have been determined with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy experiments. Their absolute configuration has also been studied with circular dichroïsm. Additionally, 29 analogues of dipacamide A have been synthetized in order to test these molecules on various biological targets
Munoz, Julie. "Extraction de l'éponge marine Axinella donnani et synthèse d'une chimiothèque d'analogues du dispacamide A." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919535.
Full textKomaty, Sarah. "Extraction de métabolites du lichen "Pseudevernia furfuracea" via la technologie des liquides ioniques sous irradiation micro-onde." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S166.
Full textLichens are symbiotic organisms constituted of fungus (mycobiont) associated to algae and/or cyanobacteria (photobiont). Their secondary metabolites are original molecules belonging to the group of depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans. Lichens presented special interest for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due to their antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and UV filter properties. In this work we focused our study on Pseudevenia furfuracea lichen, which is intensively used as a raw material in perfumery and cosmetics (1900 tons/year), due to its large availability in nature as well as possessing various secondary metabolites. In this work we presented extraction of the secondary metabolites using a selective and innovative solventfree method in shorter extraction time in comparison to the conventional extraction methods requiring under reflux of large quantities of solvents with longer times for extraction. The proposed method is based on the use of microwave irradiation for extraction (MIE) associated to (or not) appropriate ionic liquids. Two kinds of hydrophilic or hydrophobic imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized. Three different methods of grinding for lichen were used, leading to different particle size and the crushed products were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Heating optimization of MIE was performed during 15 min at optimal temperature (75 °C) (instead of 24 h under conventional heating). A comparative study of extraction rates between MIE and extraction with conventional heating was realized with a CAMAG® spectrodensitometer and results of analysis showed that MIE is efficient in most of the studied cases. The use of ionic liquids showed selectivity for extraction and it depended on the structure of ILs and also intermolecular interactions between ILs and extracted substances.Effect of each ionic liquid on the degradation of one of the secondary metabolites, atranorin, was also been studied. In addition, interactions between IL and the surface of the lichen surface were studied by measurements of the angle of contact and by Brunauer Emett and Teller measurements. Scale-up for extraction was carried out to investigate the reproducibility of the method and the possibility of reuse of the ionic liquid
Angoy, Alice. "Eco-extraction par micro-ondes couplée à un champ centrifuge Development of microwave-assisted dynamic extraction by combination with centrifugal force for polyphenols extraction from lettuce Microwave technology for food applications." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0274.
Full textCurrent environmental concerns such as the depletion of fossil fuels, the emission of greenhouse gases or global warming are forcing industry to reduce their impact on the environment and to be part of a greener approach. In the field of extraction, this has led, for some years now, to the development of innovative techniques to replace current processes using petroleum-based and energy-intensive solvents. The aim of this thesis was therefore to research and develop a new green extraction process for plant products, thanks to the combination of a thermal effect (microwave heating) and an effect mechanical (centrifugal force). The extraction is carried out directly on the fresh vegetable matrix, the intracellular water of the plant acting as the extracting solvent.The first part of this manuscript will present the experimental pilot at the semi-industrial scale combining microwaves and centrifugation and its potential adaptation for the field of green extraction.In the second part, the tests carried out using this pilot have been described for the extraction of selected secondary metabolites. The results, obtained on “model” products such as salad and orange peel, highlight that this pilot is operational for the extraction of certain micronutrients. In addition, the use of a centrifugation combined with the application of microwaves makes it possible to intensify the extraction yield and a saving of time. Nevertheless, questions about the understanding of the aeraulic system and the distribution of the temperature field during extraction are raised to fully control all extraction parameters.Finally, this process appears as a real innovation in the field of extraction and is very promising because it
Nait, Sidi Ahmed Amina. "Mise en place d’un procédé d’extraction et de pré-purification de molécules bioactives à partir d’une culture énergétique «Salix miyabeana SX67»." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10603.
Full textIsmed, Friardi. "Phytochimie de lichens du genre Stereocaulon : étude particulière de S. Halei Lamb et S. montagneanum Lamb, deux lichens recoltés en Indonésie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737382.
Full textFromentin, Yann. "Extraction et hémisynthèse d'analogues de la guttiférone A." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P633.
Full textGuttiferone A, belonging to the PPAPs family (Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols), is extracted from a tropical tree called Symphonia globulifera. This raw material is abundant and can be easily obtained. In addition, it has many biological activities, giving it a very interesting pharmacological potential. Three approaches were used in this work. The first was the use of microorganisms to perform biotransformations. The use of yeast allow the synthesis of 3,16-oxy-guttiférone A, a xanthone derivative of guttiferone A. The second theme was the use of chemical tools for guttiferone A derivation. First, twenty ether and ester catechol analogs were synthesized, some of these compounds showed a better selectivity index of parasites. Selective synthesis of xanthone by phenolic oxidative coupling reaction was also studied. We obtained by this approach the 3.16-oxy-guttiferone A, 1,16-oxy-guttiferone A and 1,12-oxy-guttiferone A. These reactions have also provided some hydroxylated xanthone never described before in the literature. Finally, preliminary phytochemical work on seeds and leaves of Symphonia globulifera lead to the isolation of guttiférone A analogues such as guttiférone C and D, as well as other molecules such as bisflavonoides and xanthones
Gainche, Maël. "Etudes phytochimiques et activités anti-inflammatoires de plantes médicinales auvergnates." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC001.
Full textThe research work of this thesis, included in the Plantinauv project,aims to enhance the botanical heritage of Auvergne by identifying plants of medicinal and nutritional interest exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities, and to allow their merchandising (or that of their isolated bioactive agents) in the form of nutraceutical, cosmetic and / or veterinary products. This project involves a consortium of academic(UMR, UNH) and industrial partners from the cluster Vegepolys Valley (Greentech, Domes Pharma and Altophyto).Among the plants of the Auvergne flora, sixteen were selected to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of their extracts (chemical and biological tests). Six of them, present on different regulatory lists (nutraceutical, cosmetic, veterinary), have been the subject of phytochemical studies.The chemo-and bio-guided fractionation of L. sylvaticaand D. fullonumextracts allowed the isolation of new secondary metabolites. Four new phenanthrenes with promising anti-proliferative activities on cancer cells were isolated from L. sylvatica. The phytochemical profiles of the four other plants (P. erecta, T. angustifolia, H. stoechas, K arvensis) were also determined. Finally, the standardization of the different plant extracts was studied in order to develop new marketable ingredients
Simon-Levert, Annabel. "Métabolites secondaires d'origine marine : de l'écologie à la pharmacologie." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0773.
Full textThe marine environment is a highly competitive medium. Production of "anti" agents (antibacterial,antifungic, antiproliferative. . . ) allow many organisms to preserve their surface from colonization. Secondarymetabolites, selected during many years of evolution for their effectiveness, are involved in chemicalprotection. The action of these molecules is often original and unique for biochemical processes, making this of great interest to pharmacology. In this thesis, we studied twenty secondary metabolites, belonging to three chemical families andisolated from three organisms (the cyanobacteria Lyngby majuscula and the ascidians Cystodytesdellechiajei and Aplidium aff. Densum). We demonstrated that these molecules took part in the in situdefense of the producer organisms. We then evaluated their antiproliferative activities on sea urchin eggs, pathogenic bacteria and cancerous cells and studied the mode of action
Berlinck, Roberto Gomes de Souza. "Alcaloïdes guanidiniques et autres métabolites secondaires de Crambe crambe Thiele." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209014.
Full textCachet, Nadja. "Métabolites secondaires d'invertébrés marins et biosynthèse in vivo d'alcaloïdes d'Agelas oroides." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4072.
Full textOngoing research of the Marine Natural Products group of the LCMBA (UMR 6001 CNRS-UNSA) focus on the isolation and the characterization of new bioactive metabolites isolated from marine invertebrates (mostly sponges and ch=nidarians). According to the interest of these original compounds, their valorization may concern different fields such as therapeutics, biosu=ynthesis and marine ecology. This manuscript presents our works on the two marine sponfes Pandaros acanthifolium and Angelas oroides, and on the two cnidarians Astroides calycularis and Parazoanthus axinellae. P. Acanthifolium, which has been poorly studied, allowed us to isolate a new family of stereoidal saponins. We also characterized orthidines and a new aplysinopsin, isolated for the first time from A. Calycularis. Finally, we described a new family of alkaloids, isolated from P. Axinellae. Based on the chemical profiles of P. Axinellae, this new family allowed us to distinguish two morphotypes. A. Oroides was selected as a model in the elaboration of a new in vivo biosynthesis protocol of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloids (P2AI). These studies confirm the incorporation of proline in P2AI biosynthetized by A. Oroides
Ouedraogo, Noufou. "Études phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires de Pterocarpus erinaceus poir (fabaceae)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10094.
Full textPterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of several diseases including diseases inflammatory component in Burkina Faso. The leaves, stem and roots are used as a drug in the treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, ulcer, rheumatism, dysentery, malaria. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical and pharmacological studies on extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this plant to obtain the data for the development of a drug. Phytochemical study has been performed using chromatographic methods (TLC, SPE, CC, VLC, MPLC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR). This study has been leading to isolated 18 molecules including 14 identified namely friedelin, lupeol, epicatechin, rutin, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-sophorosid, kaempferol-3-O-sophorosid, quercetin-3-O-β-glucose, stigmasterol, 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-on, α-sophoradiol, maltol-6-O-apiofuranosideglucopyranoside. The test on acute toxicity showed that the decoction of the leaves (DECFEU), stem (DECEC), roots (DECRA) and methanol extracts of leaves (MeOH K), stem bark (MeOH B) are considered slightly toxic substances according to the toxicity scale of Hodge and Sterner and WHO. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic extracts from the stem bark, leaves and roots have been validated en animal models. The results obtained in vitro test (antioxidant test, tests on the inhibition of the production of cellular TNF α and nitrite, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygénase) showed that the extracts exhibited effects, especially the methanol extract stem bark (MeOH B) which has the best antioxidant power (ARP = 5; TEAC = 9) and the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation (37.25 %) and lipoxygénase (97.69 %). However the methanol extract of leaves (MeOH K) presented strong inhibition at a concentration of 50 μg/mL on the production of TNF α (37.35 % and 30 %) and NO (95 % and 50 %) in the macrophages cultures active by LPS and LPS/INF-γ
Davioud-Charvet, Élisabeth. "Le hairy root : source de métabolites secondaires : la cucumopine : les alcaloi͏̈des indoliques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114830.
Full textBensemhoun, Julia. "Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires extraits d’organismes marins de l’Océan Indien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30004.
Full textThe Chemists are interested more and more in marine organisms deprived of mechanical protection (shell. . . ) whose survival depends on their capacity to emit repulsive substances, even poisons. Sponges, ascidians and soft corals have produced a wide variety of biologically active (so biomedical interest) and structurally unique metabolites (often with complex structures). Our work concerned essentially the isolation and the identification of secondary metabolites isolated from five marine sponges and one ascidia of Madagascar as well as a soft coral collected in Reunion Island. According to the literature, among the seven marine organisms selected, six had never been studied before. Thus, after extraction and fractionation using various chromatographic methods (exclusion, reverse phase. . . ), we have isolated 20 compounds which have been identified using spectroscopic techniques (NMR, MS…). Among these 20 compounds, 13 are known but first reported in our marine organisms and 7 are new compounds including Ptilomycalin D, an epimer and a diastereoisomer of the Plakortide N, the Flexusines A, B and C, and an epimukulol
Salmoun, Mostafa. "Contribution à l'étude des métabolites secondaires d'éponges des genres Hyrtios et Haliclona." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211409.
Full textGoudou, Francesca. "Caractérisation de métabolites secondaires isolés des branchies symbiotiques du bivalve Codakia orbicularis." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0105/document.
Full textCodakia orbicularis is a bivalve mollusc belonging to the family Lucinidae and establishing symbiosis with sulfooxidizing bacteria (symbionts) within its gills. In the hypothesis that any symbiosis requires a regulation by molecules of dialogue, an exhaustive chemical study could lead to the demonstration of the metabolites involved. The work of this manuscript focuses on the isolation of secondary metabolites from the gills of this bivalve and on the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the isolated molecules. Twelve compounds were isolated from the gills of Codakia orbicularis and their structures were determined by the usual spectroscopic methods. Of these molecules, only one is new and has been named orbicularisin. It presents an indolone spirotetracyclic skeleton unpublished. Among the isolated molecules, only four of them have antibacterial activity, namely sulfur S8, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and two monoglycerolipids. Orbicularisin has been shown to be inactive against a panel of cancer cell lines and kinases. The new skeleton of orbicularisin could lead to a new family of molecules by organic synthesis and thus increase the molecular diversity around this original motif. It will also be interesting to determine the origin of the isolated molecules and know their involvement (s) in the regulation of the bivalve symbionts. The chemical results obtained on C. orbicularis and on Lucinidae in general are interesting because the coastal species belonging to bivalves have been little exploited in chemistry to date
Saboulard, Didier. "Extraction et purification d'un métabolite secondaire à activité antiherpétique à partir du Basidiomycète Macrocystidia cucumis (Fr. Ex Pers. ) HEIM." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T122.
Full textPatel, Kirti. "Extraction de métabolites bioactifs d'éponges marines du Pacifique Sud." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0006.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript deals with the exhaustive isolation of marine metabolites from marine sponges collected from the coast of New Georgie in Solomon Islands. A total of 65 compounds were isolated from Petrosia (Petrosia) crassa, Amorphinopsis excavans and Stylissa carteri, out if which 10 new compounds were identified. Sarasinoside B4, a new product isolated from Amorphinopsis excavans is an epimer of sarasinoside B1. Stylissazoles A-I were isolated from Stylissa carteri. Stylissazoles A-E have kinase activites and belongs to a new subclass of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles dimers, which have exclusively N-C bond between the two monomers. This new subclass of molecules constitute additional mode of dimerization and add another dimension to the molecular diversity of pyrrole-2- aminoimidazoles. This research work allowed us to deepen our knowledge about pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles and update the universal biogenetic pathway proposed previously for pyrrole-2-aminoimidazoles
Valls, Robert. "Séparation, identification, étude spectroscopique de métabolites secondaires d'algues brunes (Cystoseiracées) : dosage, variations, chimiotaxonomie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30078.
Full textLandoulsi, Ameni. "Etude chimiotaxonomique et activité biologique des métabolites secondaires des plantes du genre Eryngium." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S056/document.
Full textThe genus Eryngium L., (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) comprises more than 250 flowering plant species, which are commonly used as medicinal plants in different countries. Only eight species are growing in Tunisia: E. barrelieri Boiss., E. campestre L., E. dichotomum Desf., E. glomeratum Lamk., E. ilicifolium Lamk., E. maritimum L., E. tricuspidatum L. et E. triquetrum Vahl. These species are used in traditional medicine and there are relatively few papers on the phytochemical investigations of most of them. This study was performed on all Eryngium species growing in Tunisia in order to evaluate their chemical variability using GC-FID and GC-MS analyses and their biological activities, mainly antimicrobial against multiresistant microorganisms and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL), and also phototoxic and cytotoxic effects.All investigated species showed considerable antimicrobial effect with MIC value ranging between 1,25 and 0,07 mg/mL and important cytotoxic activity against J774 tumoral cells with IC50 from 24,4 to 0,32 µg/mL. Phototoxic investigation demonstrated a significant photoactive inhibitory effects against tested pathogenic microorganisms.GC–MS analysis of the most active crude extracts (petroleum ether extracts) revealed their high content of antimicrobial agents particularly oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as spathulenol, ledol, α-bisabolol and cubenol, and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes such as β-bisabolene and copaene; and cytotoxic components such as falcarinol.The chemical investigation and bio-guided isolation of active compounds of the selected crude extract of E. triquetrum roots were performed using column chromatography, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). among purified components, two bioactive polyacetylenes, panaxydiol and falcarinol, showed a great antimicrobial activity mainly against multiresistant and ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value up to 0,25 ng/ml and a mostly bactericidal effect
Audoin, Coralie. "Valorisation de métabolites secondaires issus de micro-algues : approches métabolomiques, isolement et caractérisation structurale." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4068.
Full textMicroalgae are present both in Oceans and freshwaters and could include more than 200 000 species. This diversity is a source of original specialized metabolites that can find a large array of applications. Pigments, lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and carotenoids are usual compounds produced by microalgae that have found commercial applications. A global vision of the metabolome of each species has showed promises to highlight the commercial value of this “microdiversity”. We then decided to assess the metabolome of several microalgae species grown at the Greensea company by using HPTLC, NMR and UHPLC-QTOF techniques for a rapid and global overview. A classification of the species according to their metabolomics similarities was obtained after statistics treatment of the data. A second part was dedicated to a phytochemical study of the extracts of selected strains and led to the isolation and characterization of several metabolites. Thus, in addition to known molecules, an original peptide substituted by an isoprenyl moiety and named cumbriamide has been characterized in Lyngbya sp and a first assessment of its therapeutical potential has been undertaken. Glycolipids have been identified as the major metabolites in the extracts of numerous strains and a UHPLC-QTOF method was developed for their identification. Finally, several applications of the metabolomics approaches were considered. Chemotaxonomic studies were first carried out and the influence of growth conditions on the metabolome of Nannochloropsis oculata was observed
Le, Goff Géraldine. "Métabolites secondaires microbiens bioactifs : cas particulier des géralcines issues de Streptomyces sp. LMA-545." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0028.
Full textFontaine, Kévin. "Production de métabolites secondaires chez Penicillium roqueforti : incidence des facteurs abiotiques et évaluation de l'innocuité." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0009.
Full textP. roqueforti is a mould associated with silage and food contamination but also used as a ripening culture for the production of blue-veined cheese. Moreover, this species is also known for its potential to produce secondary metabolites. These metabolites can have a positive impact (e.g. aromas) or a negative impact (e.g. mycotoxins, including roquefortine C -ROQC- and mycophenolic acid -MPA-). In the framework of this work, we first studied the occurrence of MPA, ROQC and aflatoxin M1 (the only regulated mycotoxin in dairy products) within an 86 blue-veined cheese collection (representing 15 countries). Aflatoxin contents were always below the method detection limit. For MPA and ROQC, concentrations were highly variable and a co-occurrence of both mycotoxins was observed in 51% of the tested samples. Then, the toxicity of the 2 mycotoxins was established on various cell models (intestinal and monocytic). Mono-exposure studies allowed IC50 determination. Moreover, a synergistic effect was observed on Caco-2 cells when MPA and ROQC were used for co-exposure at the highest tested concentrations. While an apoptotic mechanism was observed at early THP-1 exposure stages (3 and 6h), no apoptose occurred for Caco-2 cells after 24 h of mono or co-exposure. Finally, a study of the biotic and abiotic factors potentially modulating P. roqueforti MPA and ROQC production was performed. Mycotoxigenic potential evaluation of 96 de P. roqueforti strains highlighted that a cheese-agar medium (mimicking cheese physico-chemical composition) was less favourable than the synthetic YES medium for mycotoxin production. A large variability in terms of mycotoxin production was also observed among the tested strains. Besides, while a significant effect of the temperature (12°C) and NaCl (8%) and O2 (5%) concentrations was observed on ROQC and MPA production, no significant effect of pH and ROQC amino-acid precursor addition could be detected on the production of both mycotoxins
Santerre, Anne. "Contribution a la maîtrise des productions de métabolites secondaires de Monascus ruber en fermentation immergée." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0025.
Full textBouque, Virginie. "Étude de la production de métabolites secondaires par des cultures in vitro de Psoralées (leguminosae)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_BOUQUE_V.pdf.
Full textBardon, Clément. "Inhibition biologique de la dénitrification (BDI) par des métabolites secondaires du complexe d’espèces Fallopia spp." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10308/document.
Full textNitrogen is often considered as the first limiting factor of plant growth (Vitousek & Howarth, 1991a; LeBauer & Treseder, 2008). Thus studies on plant-driven microbial functioning and selection by secondary metabolites have mostly focused on the effect of plant on the nitrogen (N) cycle (Chapman et al., 2006). Some plants can inhibit the nitrification and the nitrogen mineralization processes in soils through the release of secondary metabolites (Subbarao et al., 2009; Dietz et al., 2013; Heumann et al., 2013). However, while denitrification is considered as a major way of N losses in soils (25-90%) (van der Salm et al., 2007; Radersma & Smit, 2011), the denitrification inhibition by plant secondary metabolites was never demonstrated. However, it has been observed several times that the denitrification in soils near some species was reduced. The invasive complex species Fallopia spp. was shown to reduce denitrification in soils without affecting principal factors known to control this process (Dassonville et al 2011). Our, results demonstrate for the first time, that plants (here Fallopia spp.) can inhibit denitrification through the release of B-type procyanidins that induce physiological changes in denitrifying bacteria under anaerobic conditions. These compounds affect specifically the membrane-bound NO3-reductase through conformational changes. Less sensitive soils denitrifying communities may be selected in soils previously exposed to Fallopia spp. Our finding provides new insight into plant-soil interactions and improves our understanding of plants abilities to shape microbial soil functioning
Mesguiche, Véronique. "Synthèse de l'acide 7-méthoxy-dodéc-4-énoi͏̈que extrait de la cyanobactérie Lyngbya majuscula. Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres Bifurcaria et Cystoseira." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30088.
Full textSorres, Jonathan. "Isolement de métabolites secondaires d’invertébrés marins – Synthèse de dérivés hybrides dispacamide / 3-alkylpyridine et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112305.
Full textThe work described in this thesis deals with the isolation of new metabolites from marine invertebrates in one hand, and with the synthesis of antifouling and kinase inhibitors hybrid molecules inspired from dispacamide and 3-alkylpyridine scaffolds. Spectroscopic methods and chemical modifications were used for structural determination. The new compounds were biologically evaluated.Three new compounds of the norcembranoid diterpenes were isolated from the Soft Coral Sinularia vanderlandi. The relative configurations of these metabolites were determined and a chemical link was established between these diterpenes.The investigation of the marine Sponge Pipestela candelabra has conducted to the isolation of nine new metabolites, four phospholipids and five new jaspamide congeners including pipestelides A-C and 5-hydroperoxy-jasplakinolides Ca et Cb. Hemisynthesis were conducted from the jaspamide, together with spectroscopic analysis to confirm the structures of the peroxidated compounds.Two new derivatives of benzosceptrine were isolated from a partial study of the marine Sponge Stylissa carteri.The synthesis part of this work described the access to dispacamide / 3-alkylpyridine derivatives. Three hybrids were synthetized and biological evaluation are in progress, particularly for antifouling activities. Structural aspects were also studied by the synthesis of other derivatives
Velosaotsy, Nambinina Eliezer. "Etude de lipides d'éponges marines – phospholipides, acides gras, stérols : identification et évaluation pharmacologique de métabolites secondaires." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=84562f0d-796d-4b14-8c67-ff5412cfe4a2.
Full textThe lipid composition : phospholipid fatty acids and sterol composition were studied in nine sponges from the Red Sea (Chalinula saudiensis, Cinachyrella alloclada, C. Kükenthali, Stylissa carteri), the Atlantic Ocean (Axinyssa djiferi, Geodia sp. , Trikentrion laeve), the Pacific Ocean (Myrmekioderma dendyi), and from the Mediterranean Sea (Aaptos papillata). GC-MS was the principal technique to identify the lipidic structures as methyl esters, N-acyl pyrrolidides, and steryl acetates. About twenty delta 5,9 fatty acids were observed in this study, including brominated ones. In some sponges, several 2-hydroxy fatty acids, and branched saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were identified. Sterols were found common in these sponges, with 26 to 31 carbon atoms, apart from the sponges Stylissa that contained mainly a series of A-nor-sterols. One of the two secondary metabolites One of the two identified secondary metabolites showed a neurostatic activity (tested against diptera larves)
Boivin, Catherine. "Etude génétique chez Rhizobium meliloti du catabolisme des calystégines et de la trigonelline, métabolites secondaires végétaux." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30071.
Full textVille, Alexia. "Métabolites secondaires et analogues hémisynthétiques en série vitaminique E : Obtention et évaluation du potentiel anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0062.
Full textMany studies highlighted the biological potential of tocotrienols (T3), a vitamin E subfamily, especially in the field of cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation. A phytochemical study, previously conducted at SONAS, led to the isolation and characterization of δ-amplexichromanol (δ-AC) as the main and original secondary metabolite from Garcinia amplexicaulis barks (dichloromethane extract) along with other oxidized T3 analogs such as δ-garcinoic acid (δ-GA). A pharmacophore based virtual screening of these derivatives against various anti-inflammatory targets showed that this class of T3 analogs could be considered as potential 5-LOX inhibitors. It was confirmed by in vitro assays when δ-AC and δ-GA were evaluated as inhibitors of purified 5-LOX, or in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We then decided to carry on our study to further understand the original mode of action of these metabolites while optimizing the anti-inflammatory properties of the first hits. Such approach requires large amounts of tocotrienolic derivatives. However, usual natural sources of T3 provide complex mixtures involving particularly challenging purification processes. Thus, this work aim at designing efficient semisynthesis towards pharmacologically relevant T3 derivatives were developed from -GA, the main T3 derivative isolated from Garcinia kola nuts, a renewable and easily available vegetal source. Moreover, pharmacomodulation of the tocotrienolic backbone relied on preliminary docking studies and then required the development of various synthetic strategies to access original vitamin E analogs as potential 5-LOX inhibitors
Jarrin, Cyrille. "Approches métagénomiques pour l'analyse des diversités génétique et chimique de métabolites secondaires : étude des PKS de type 1 d'origine bactérienne." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10225.
Full textAlkhatib, Racha. "Etude phytochimique et activité cytotoxique des métabolites secondaires de Ferula elaeochytris Korovin et Ferula lycia Boiss (Apiacées)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520891.
Full textBourdat-Deschamps, Marjolaine. "Optimisation de la séparation de métabolites secondaires issus de plantes à l'aide de techniques innovantes (CPC,OPLC)." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114807.
Full textGabant, Marion. "Etudes des métabolites secondaires d'éponges marines de la famille des axinéllidae et réactivité oxydative des dicétopiperazines pyrroliques." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112351.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript deals with the exhaustive isolation of marine metabolites from four marine sponges and reactivity studies of pyrrolic diketopiperazines. Next to nineteen known products, including petrosynol from Petrosia (strongylophora) mauritiana, palythine from Ptilocaulis spiculifera and cyclo (Pro-Arg) from Axinella polypoides, we have isolated twenty new compounds. Several groups of metabolites including ptilosteroids from Ptilocaulis spiculifera, glycolipids from Dragmacidon durissima and diketopiperazines from Axinella polypoides were found. The later diketopiperazines are structurally and chemically related to the C11N5/C11N4 pyrrole-2-imidazoles through the central precursor dispacamide A. The oxidative mechanism involved in the transformation of diketopiperazines into P-2-AI was studied. It revealed that a nucleophile like guanidine reacts on the oxidized diketopiperazines. The studies of the mechanism of the reaction enabled us to optimize the biomimetic synthesis of debromodispacamide A and to use this reactivity in the preparation of other derivatives. This research work allowed us to discover several new original compounds and to deepen the hypothetic mechanism proposed in our laboratory. It showed an extremely interesting correlation of the diketopiperazines oxidation and the chemilumunescence of the reaction with the biomimetic synthesis of pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole derivatives
Merza, Joumaa. "Étude phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires isolés de deux Clusiaceae néo-calédoniennes : Garcinia virgata et Garcinia vieillardii." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0504.
Full textA phytochemical study of two New Caledonian plants Garcinia virgata and Garcinia vieillardii (Clusiaceae) led to isolate and identified of over 22 different secondary metabolites among which, xanthones, bixanthones, benzophenones, ð-tocotrienols, derivative of δ-tocotrienols and one anthraquinon were identified. 7 of these natural products are new ones. The biological interest of these compounds was then evaluated: antioxidant, antiproteolytic, antifungal, antileishmanial, anticancer, inhibition of PGP and inhibition of protein kinas
Mbakidi-Ngouaby, Henri. "Métabolites de Pseudotsuga menziesii : approche métabolomique et rôle dans la résistance." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0056/document.
Full textFor the identification and access to secondary metabolites of Douglas-fir, the optimization of the extraction conditions was carried out in different solvents. The identification of compounds by LC-MS / MS was favored. LC-ESI-MS / MS analysis of thewood extracts from the three zones was carried out to identify the different groups of metabolites present in each zone. About fifty metabolites have been identified. The most representative groups of metabolites are polyphenols and terpenes, which are said to have antioxidant, antifungal properties that are at origin of the natural durability of wood. In a second step, the relative quantification of metabolites of interest was carried out using wood samples taken during the 4 seasons of the year. The results showed that duramen was the richest metabolite area in any season. However, the amount of each metabolite varies differently depending on the season. For a majority of quantified compounds, spring and summer are the seasons in which wood accumulates a large amount of metabolites. These results confirm that the duramen is the area richest in protective metabolites. This information can be useful for selecting the most resistant lines and improving the natural durability of wood
Mazmouz, Rabia. "L' étude de la biosynthèse de trois métabolites secondaires chez Oscillatoria PCC 6506 : cylindrospermopsine, anatoxine-a et cyanobatines." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077073.
Full textCyanobacteria, photosynthetic procaryotes colonizing most of the environments, produce a wide range of secondary metabolites among which of toxins for the Man and the animals. It is now recognized that the presence of cyanotoxins in the environment represents a risk for the health. The team is particularly interested in the cyanobacteria of the genus Oscillatoria which are producing of cyanotoxins. Thanks to the sequencing of the genome of Oscillatoria PCC 6506, toxin biosynthesis clusters of genes were identified : cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a. During my PhD, I worked by varied approaches going of the genomics, the biochemistry, the molecular biology to the analytical chemistry in the molecular characterization of the cluster of genes cyr of cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis, in the production of this toxin by the genus Oscillatoria and in the study of a step of the biosynthesis. Secondly, 1 worked to the characterization of proteins called polyketides synthases proteins (PKS), involved in anatoxin-a biosynthesis. To characterize the last step of the biosynthesis, I cloned and expressed the anaG gene at E, coli and in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803. The genome annotation showed the presence of several other biosynthesis clusters of genes of secondary metabolites which one coding for the biosynthesis of ribosomal peptides called cyanobactins. I cloned ocy genes present in Oscillatoria PCC 6506 and expressed and purified corresponding proteins to identify the sequences of cyanobactins produced by Oscillatoria PCC 6506
Aknin, Maurice. "Etude des acides gras, stérols et métabolites secondaires de quelques chlorophycées, rhodophycées et phaeophycées de la côte sénégalaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30055.
Full textFouchard, Samuel. "Influence des conditions de culture sur la composition membranaire et la production de métabolites secondaires chez les bactéries." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0803.
Full textDuring this work, two series of analyses were carried out in parallel to control the influence of environmental factors on Pseudomonasfluorescens. The first one has consisted in controlling that phospholipid fatty acids profile of the bacterial membrane is closely related to the culture conditions of the bacterium. In the second part, the bacterial secondary metabolism was investigated. These two series of analyses have showed similarities concerning the influence of the culture conditions on the fatty acids composition and the metabolites production. Indeed, in both cases, a statistical analysis has showed that the growth phase and the culture temperature are the prevalent factors. This suggests there is a link between the fatty acids profile of the membrane and the secondary metabolites production. This link seems to be expressed through membrane proteins whose activity is affected by the variations of phospholipid fatty acids composition
Castro, Dionicio Inés. "Caractérisation des métabolites secondaires responsables de l'activité anti-Helicobacter pylori d'une plante médicinale péruvienne Cordia lutea Lam. (Boraginaceae)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30059.
Full textCordia lutea Lam. (Flor de Overo) is a plant used in Peruvian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis and kidney pain. Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the flowers of this medicinal plant on the basis of bioassay-guided fractionation. Ten of these compounds (cordiasecosides A-J), represent the first examples of 9,10-seco-29-norcycloartane glycosides. Their structures were determined by the application of NMR and MS data analysis together with X-ray crystallographic analyses. These compounds showed significant in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, and no activity against Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Significant activity was observed for cordiasecosides E and F against Staphylococcus aureus. All compounds displayed weak cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells. The in vitro antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities of cordiasecosides A -F were also evaluated. This research work also includes the isolation of two compounds previously described in the literature: isorinic acid and quercetin 3-robinobioside. Finally, the botanical and chemical study of different batches of plant material purchased from different markets was also carried out, with the aim of assessing the variability of the drug and proposing ways to control its quality
Navarri, Marion. "Métabolites secondaires de champignons de sédiments marins profonds : criblages génétique et fonctionnel et caractérisation structurale de molécules antimicrobiennes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0127/document.
Full textThe spreading of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms jeopardizes global health caresystem. To counteract this threat the renewal of antibiotic molecules is a global priority. Antibioticcompounds are mainly originated from microorganisms, so microorganisms and their secondarymetabolites received an increasing interest. The search for new natural antimicrobial compoundsfrom microorganisms gained untapped ecosystems as marine biosphere.We investigated the antimicrobial properties of a fungal collection. The 183 fungal isolateswere collected from deep subseafloor sediment and isolated between 4 and 1,884 meters belowthe seafloor. Secondary metabolites production potential was studied for all isolates in thecollection by screening genes coding PolyKetide Synthase (PKS), Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase(NRPS), TerPene Synthase (TPS) and hybrid PKS-NRPS. After isolates dereplication according to theirMSP-PCR fingerprinting, an antimicrobial screening was performed for 110 isolates, highlighting ahigh proportion of filamentous fungi with antimicrobial properties (32%).After extraction and bio-guided fractionation bioactive metabolites isolated from 3 strains,were characterized in a structural and functional manner: O. griseum UBOCC-A-114129 producedfuscin, dihydrofuscin, secofuscin and dihydrosecofuscine, P. bialowiezense UBOCC-A-114097synthetized mycophenolic acid and Penicillium sp. UBOCC-A-114109 produced rugulosin.In the meantime, LC-HRMS analysis, performed on fungal extracts, showed a great proportionof metabolites not detected in interrogated databases. So, deep subseafloor fungi, represent anuntapped reservoir of original structures to explore
Belkacem, Mohamed Amine. "Identification chimique de métabolites secondaires de certains microorganismes, évaluation de leur effet dans les domaines pharmaceutiques et agronomiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30293/document.
Full textIn this thesis entitled " Chemical identification of secondary metabolites from microorganism, evaluation of their effects on pharmaceutical and agronomic fields ", we are interested in studying the effect of culture conditions on the production of microbial volatiles organic compounds by two bacteria that inhabit French soil which are: Burkholderia sp. and Bacillus megaterium. From different prepared extracts, more than one hundred compounds were identified, including diketopiperazine, alcohols, sulfur containing compounds, esters and carboxylic acids, by means of several chemical, analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Results showed that culture conditions of different bacteria are the mainly responsible of production of different blend of volatiles. Many identified compounds including N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, triacontane, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, (E)-5-chloro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one and 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-octadecylcyclohexane are reported for the first time from bacteria.Biologically, we have shown that obtained results are greatly influenced by the cultures conditions used in cultivation of tested bacteria. In addition to that, we have shown that Burkholderia sp. extracts possessed a very good allelopathic potential. Finally, a series new protested deketopiperazine derivatives have been prepared and evaluated in vitro against xanthine oxidase, a-amylase and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, OVCAR, MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. Some of these molecules have been shown to be potent inhibitors of a-amylase and different cancer cell lines
Amiot, Justin. "Thymus vulgaris, un cas de polymorphisme chimique pour comprendre l'écologie évolutive des composés secondaires." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0011.
Full textIntraspecific variation in plant secondary compound production provides an excellent model to study the multiple ecological functions of these compounds. Thymus vulgaris presents no less than six different chemotypes. Ln southern France, around the St-Martin-de-Londres basin, these chemotypes show a marked spatial segregation of phenolic and non-phenolic morphs. During this thesis, we examined the following themes : 1. The spatial segregation of chemotypes takes place on different scales. We thus asked whether the abiotic environment causes performance variation among chemotypes, th us influencing their distribution. 2. Do the chemotypes differ in the tolerance of exceptional freezing events ? 3. The degradation of the litter originating from T. Vulgaris may influence germination and survival of its own seedlings. Could an autoallelopathy mechanism in this species contribute to maintain spatial segregation at the population scale? 4. Finally, we studied the interaction between chemotypes and a poorly-known gall-making specialized diptera: Janetiella thymicola. Our results suggest that secondary compounds play a leading role in the choice of host plant. Furthermore, this study opens interesting perspectives on costs induced by this host-parasite relationship. The results presented here underline the ecological importance of secondary compounds, and not only as a defense mechanism against herbivores. Taking part in multiple biotic and abiotic interactions, secondary compounds can have a major influence on the spatial distribution of the species which produces them
Albert, Vincent. "Synthèse de métabolites secondaires d'importance biomédicinale : synthèse totale de terpénoïdes linéaires et polycycliques et construction d'hétérocycles oxygénés asymétriquement substitués." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28255.
Full textCes travaux concernent la synthèse totale de produit naturels d’importance biologique qui ont pu être effectués par le développement et l’application de méthodologies pour la construction d’hétérocycles oxygénés et azotés. Premièrement, nos travaux sur la synthèse de métabolites secondaires appartenant à la famille des furanoterpénoïdes linéaires sont décrits. La première synthèse du furospongolide, un inhibiteur d’origine marine de HIF-1, a été accomplie en 8 étapes linéaires à partir de l’acétate de géranyle. Les étapes clés impliquées sont une réaction de couplage croisé sp³-sp³ de Schlosser ainsi qu’une alkynylation de Sonogashira du β-bromobuténolide. La première synthèse du furanosesterterpène antimicrobien 22-déoxyvariabilin ainsi que la détermination de sa configuration absolue sont également décrites. Les étapes clés consistent en l’emploi de réactions de couplages sp³-sp³ séquentielles de Schlosser ainsi que l’application de notre méthode pour l’installation du fragment (Z)-γ-ylidène-buténolide. Nos efforts sur les produits naturels apparentés variabilin et déhydrofurodentin soulignent le besoin de développer de nouvelles stratégies synthétiques. Par la suite, deux synthèses divergentes de plusieurs dérivés de l’anhydride maléique isolés du champignon Antrodia camphorata sont démontrées. La première synthèse de l’antrocinnamomin D ainsi qu’une nouvelle synthèse des antrodins A et B ont été accomplies efficacement en 6-8 étapes. Les étapes clés incluent un couplage croisé sp²-sp³ catalysé au fer de Fürstner-Kochi et l’oxyfonctionnalisation d’un 2-silyloxyfurane. De plus, une synthèse biomimétique simple et efficace des anhydrides maléiques et des maléimides d’Antrodia est présentée. L’étape clé consiste en une condensation de type Perkin effectuée dans des conditions exceptionnellement douces. Par ailleurs, le γ-hydroxy-β-sulfanylbuténolide naturel cépanolide ainsi qu’une série d’analogues ont été synthétisés régiosélectivement par la combinaison d’une oxyfonctionnalisation d’un 2-silyloxyfurane et d’une addition thia-Michael/élimination en tandem. Finalement, une synthèse énantiosélective efficace de l’antrocin, provenant également d’Antrodia camphorata, est décrite. Notre stratégie synthétique impliquait l’utilisation du sclaréolide comme synthon chiral de départ et une fonctionnalisation C-H à distance par une réaction de Barton. De plus, nos progrès récents envers la synthèse des amomaxins A et B sont représentés. Les transformations clés incluent la déconstruction séquentielle du sclaréolide par l’emploi d’une fragmentation de Grob et la fabrication du carbocycle à 9 membres par métathèse de fermeture de cycle.
This work concerns the total synthesis of natural products of biological importance which were achieved by the development and application of methodologies for the construction of oxygen and nitrogen containing heterocycles. First, our work on the synthesis of structurally similar metabolites of the linear furanoterpenoids family is described. The first synthesis of the marine HIF-1 inhibitor furospongolide has been achieved in 8 linear steps from geranyl acetate. The key steps involved were a Schlosser sp³-sp³ cross-coupling reaction and a Sonogashira alkynylation of β-bromobutenolide. The first synthesis of the antimicrobial furanosesterterpene 22-deoxyvariabilin and the determination of its absolute configuration are also described. Its assembly was carried out using sequential sp³-sp³ Schlosser cross-coupling reactions and our methodology for the installation of the (Z)-γ-ylidenebutenolide moiety. Our efforts towards the synthesis of the closely related natural products, namely variabilin and dehydrofurodentin, underline the need for the development of new synthetic strategies. Then, the divergent synthesis of many related maleic anhydride derivatives isolated from the rare fungus Antrodia camphorata are outlined. The first synthesis of antrocinnamomin D and a new synthesis of antrodins A and B have been achieved in 6-8 steps and high overall efficiency. Key steps include a Fürstner-Kochi iron-catalyzed sp²-sp³ cross-coupling and a 2-silyloxyfuran oxyfunctionalization. Moreover, a simple and efficient biomimetic synthesis of Antrodia maleimides and maleic anhydrides is described. The key step is a Perkin-type condensation performed under exceptionally mild conditions. Additionally, the naturally occurring γ-hydroxy-β-sulfanylbutenolide cepanolide and a range of new analogues were synthesized in a concise, regiospecific manner through the combined use of 2-silyloxyfuran oxyfunctionalization and tandem thio-Michael addition/elimination. Finally, an efficient enantioselective synthesis of antrocin, another Antrodia camphorata metabolite, is described. Our synthetic strategy involved the use of sclareolide as a chiral synthon in conjunction with a remote C-H functionnalization using the Barton reaction. Furthermore, our recent progress towards the total synthesis of the amomaxins A and B is represented. Key transformations include the controlled deconstruction of sclareolide employing a Grob fragmentation strategy and a ring-closing metathesis to form the 9-membered carbocycle.
Gros, Emmanuelle. "Isolement, identification et synthèse biomimétique de métabolites secondaires issus d'invertébrés marins de la zone sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0005/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this interdisciplinary thesis was to study Biemna laboutei, a sponge from Madagascar, known to have toxic properties (dermatitis-producing). The chemical investigation of this sponge including extraction, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites was first undertaken using several chromatographic (HPLC, MPLC…) and spectroscopic (UV-visible, HRMS, NMR 1D et 2D…) techniques. Eighteen alkaloids belonging to the rare class of tricyclic (5,6,8b)-triazaperhydroacenaphtylene heterocycles (i.e. ptilocaulins, mirabilins, netamines) were isolated and identified. Twelve new alkaloids from this group of guanidine derivatives were named netamine H-S. These compounds were grouped on the basis of unsaturation and double bond regiochemistry, with pyrimidine, Δ8,8a and Δ8a,8b heterocycles. For two compounds, netamine I (58) and J (59), a joint theoretical (Density functional theory) and experimental study of UV and ECD spectra allowed the determination of their absolute configuration: 5aS, 7R, 8R for netamine I and 5aS, 7R, 8S for netamine J. The chemotaxonomic meaning of these alkaloids was discussed. Their biological activities were also evaluated. Netamine M (62) exhibited a cytotoxic activity towards KB cells (IC50 = 1,0 μg/mL) while netamine O (64), Q (66) and K (60) were active against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 value of 4,66; 2,53 and 0,62 μg/mL respectively. Finally, this work was also dedicated to the biomimetic synthesis of the tricyclic guanidine skeleton. Three new synthesis routes were explored
Souza, Rodrigues Alice Maria de. "Analyse et valorisation bioinspirée des métabolites secondaires à l'origine de la durabilité naturelle des bois exploités de Guyane française." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0348.
Full textCommercial forest in French Guiana focuces on few local species known for their high natural durability, therefore endangering exploited populations renewal. Natural durability is the intrinsic wood resistance to biodegradation ; it is linked, among others, to the presence of extractible compounds that are not linked to the lihnocelluloses matrix. In this context nineteen species capable of producing a biodegradation resistant wood have been extracted and the fungicite and termicide eight extracts have been evaluated. These preliminary results motivated the choice of eight extracts obtained from eight different species. The capability of these extracts for protecting non-durable woods was evaluated for woods exposed to risk factors (fungi and termites). Extracts from Bagassa guianensis, Tabebuia serratifolia, Qualea rosea and Sextonia rubra were the most efficient against fungal degradation, and the last cited was also active against termites. Fractionation of S. Rubra wood extract allowed us to identify two active compounds, rubrenolide and rubrynolide, each being responsible for the antifungal and the termicide antivity of the extract, respectively. In the same way, it was possible to identify sativane, maackiain, medicarpin, biochanin A, bolusantin IV, dihydroformononetin and liquiritigenin from Andira surinamensis wood ethyl acetate extract. The first five compounds presented promising antifungal activities, especially against yeasts Candida albicans, C. Glabrata and C. Parapsilisis
Gadzovska, Sonja. "Production de métabolites secondaires par les cultures de cellules et de tissus d'Hypericum perforatum L : effets de divers facteurs exogènes." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2005.
Full textCampos, Pierre-Éric. "Biodiversité des invertébrés marins : de l'isolement à la modélisation moléculaire de métabolites secondaires pour la découverte de nouveaux candidats médicaments." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0007/document.
Full textThe work described in this manuscript concerns the chemical study of four sponges from Madagascar: Monanchora unguiculata, Amphimedon sp., Aulospongus gardineri and Biemna laboutei. For the first three sponges, the study was devoted to the extraction, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites by various chromatographic (MPLC, HPLC…) and spectroscopic (UV, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR…) techniques. Fitfteen secondary metabolites including guanidine alkaloids, bromotyrosin derivated, N-acylethanolamines and polyynes were isolated from these sponges. Eight are new molecules. The biological activities of the isolated compounds were then evaluated. Two of them, fromiamycalin (M70) and ptilomycalin F (MU7) showed a very good antimalarial activity and four of them, fromiamycalin (M70) and ptilomycalins E (MU6), G (MU8) and H (MU9) a promising cytotoxicity against KB cells. The study of the last sponge, Biemna laboutei, was performed on molecules already isolated in the LCSNSA. This work included the determination of the relative configuration of nine guanidine alkaloids by using the DP4+ probability. The relative configuration of seven molecules was confirmed. Three of them, netamines G (E8), P (E17) and R (E19) were selected for a study by molecular modeling to determine their absolute configuration by comparison of their experimental Electronic Circular Dichroism spectrum with a calculated spectrum