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Books on the topic 'Extraction de termes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Judiciary, United States Congress House Committee on the. Planned Parenthood exposed: Examining the horrific abortion practices at the nation's largest abortion provider : hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, first session, September 9, 2015. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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2

Jacquemin, Christian, and Didier Bourigault. Term Extraction and Automatic Indexing. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0033.

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Terms are pervasive in scientific and technical documents and their identification is a crucial issue for any application dealing with the analysis, understanding, generation, or translation of such documents. In particular, the ever-growing mass of specialized documentation available on-line, in industrial and governmental archives or in digital libraries, calls for advances in terminology processing for tasks such as information retrieval, cross-language querying, indexing of multimedia documents, translation aids, document routing and summarization, etc. This article presents a new domain o

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3

Bell, Ruth Greenspan. Protecting the Environment during and after Resource Extraction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0016.

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Natural resources extraction inevitably imposes environmental damage including diversion of scarce water away from pressing local needs, disruption of fragile ecosystems, and longer-range and often irreparable harm. These fall most forcefully on the local populations at or near the extraction sites but also beyond. Effective regulation of extractive industries is critical to balance immediate needs with longer-term considerations. Unfortunately, much extraction takes place in countries with weak institutions and poor success rates in addressing any of their environmental challenges and often r

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4

Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Technology Information Division., ed. Thesaurus of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy terms. 2nd ed. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, CANMET, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, 1985.

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5

Lambert, Gregg. Meditation on the Animal and the Work of Art. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0013.

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This chapter explores the notion of “becoming-animal” as a process of “creating a relation to territory” in reference to the artist and the writer. For Deleuze, the animal has a privileged and very specific relation to the notions of territory and world, one that is based on a relative number of affects and on a process of selection (i.e., the extraction of singularities from a milieu or an environment [Umwelt]). The animal entertains a relation to its world that is produced in terms of a relation to distinctive territory, whereas the human is found to have a relation to world, but no proper t

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6

Mines d'or, Bas-Canada: Extraits du rapport du Commissaire des terres de la couronne du Canada, pour le semestre expiré le 30 juin 1864. s.n.], 1993.

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7

Bebbington, Anthony, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, et al. Mining, Political Settlements, and Inclusive Development in Peru. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0002.

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This chapter examines how political factors have influenced mineral extraction, governance, and development in Peru since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the legacies of the past have weighed heavily in contemporary governance, but also points to periods in which shifting political alliances and agency aimed to alter past legacies and introduce positive institutional change. The chapter identifies three periods with distinct and relatively stable arrangements for the distribution of power. For the most recent, post-2000 period, it discusses how government responses to social confli

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8

Berg, Andrew, Rafael Portillo, and Filiz Unsal. On the Role of Money Targets in the Monetary Policy Framework in SSA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0008.

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Many low-income countries continue to describe their monetary policy framework in terms of targets on monetary aggregates. This chapter extends the New Keynesian model to provide a role for ‘M’ in the conduct of monetary policy, and examine the conditions under which some adherence to money targets is optimal. In the spirit of Poole (1970), this role is based on the incompleteness of information available to the central bank, a pervasive issue in these countries. Ex ante announcements and forecasts for money growth are consistent with a Taylor rule for the relevant short-term interest rate. Ex

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9

Otto, James M. How Do We Legislate for Improved Community Development? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0032.

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An extractive mining minerals project has a finite lifespan—the project ceases once the minerals have been depleted. Governments have choices in what they want to achieve during a project’s life and have a variety of regulatory and other tools by which to achieve their objectives. Historically, the primary objective is to obtain fiscal revenues from an extractive project and to use larger projects as a means to build infrastructure to benefit society. More recently, governments are looking to achieve benefits for local communities not only in the near term while operations are ongoing, but als

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10

Lazonick, William. The Functions of the Stock Market and the Fallacies of Shareholder Value. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0006.

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This chapter analyses the evolution of US stock markets in terms of five functions: ‘control’, ‘cash’, ‘creation’, ‘combination’, and ‘compensation’. I argue for the centrality of the control function in supporting innovative enterprise in the rise of US managerial capitalism. I then consider how each of the five functions can encourage value creation or, alternatively, empower value extraction, and trace the evolving roles of the five functions of the stock market in major US business corporations over the past century. Drawing upon this history, I conclude by critiquing the dominant ideology

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11

Hardy, Jeffrey S. Restructuring the Penal Empire. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702792.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the impact of Stalin's death on 5 March 1953 on the Gulag. Stalin's passing, the ensuing power struggle, and the existing reformist tendencies within the Gulag all contributed to the substantive reforms that would quickly and permanently alter the Soviet penal system. By 1960 the Gulag empire would be drastically reduced in size and economic importance. Its organizational structure would be decentralized to a significant degree. Reeducation as opposed to labor extraction would be proclaimed the top priority of the Gulag. Ultimately, the reforms of 1953–60 were just as mo

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12

Ellis, Elizabeth. Democracy as Constraint and Possibility for Environmental Action. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.12.

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This chapter argues that attention to environmental action forces us to revise conventional democratic theory. Democratic theory depends upon suppositions exploded by environmental issues: on a discrete identifiable citizenry making decisions for itself, for example, or on the revisability of policy decisions. Democracy constrains environmental action while environmental challenges constrain democracy. The answer, however, is not less democracy, as there is no alternative to democracy if we seek justice in a plural world. Simple democratic assumptions are the best candidates for general adjudi

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13

Martinez-Alier, Joan. Global Environmental Justice and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.25.

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There are an increasing number of ecological distribution conflicts around the world ultimately caused from the increase in the metabolism of the economy in terms of flows of energy and materials. There are resource extraction conflicts, transport conflicts, and also waste disposal conflicts. Therefore, there are many local complaints. Since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a globalizing environmental justice movement that in its strategy meetings and practices has developed a set of concepts and slogans to describe and intervene in such conflicts. They include “environmental racism,” “popul

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14

Thompson, William R., and Leila Zakhirova. Fracking, Warming, and Systemic Leadership. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699680.003.0011.

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In the past, states with access to cheap and abundant sources of energy were able to develop radical new technology that paired core innovations with new fuels. Given the strong relationship between global warming and fossil fuels, in this chapter we ask whether the emergence of unconventional fuels and extraction methods are likely to make a significant difference for the relative international standing of the United States now and China perhaps later. Should the expansion of less expensive but older sources of energy, thanks to fracking technologies, help states maintain or regain systemic l

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15

Blum, Matthias, Cristián Ducoing, and Eoin McLaughlin. A Sustainable Century? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0005.

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This chapter traces the long-run development of genuine savings (GS) during the twentieth century using a panel of developed countries (Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, France, the US, and Australia) and resource-abundant countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico) representing approximately 50% of the world’s output in terms of GDP by 1950. It includes large economies and small open economies, and resource-rich and resource-scarce countries, allowing comparison of their historical experiences. Components of GS considered include physical and human capital a

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16

Piatkowski, Marcin. Fundamental Sources of Growth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789345.003.0002.

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In this chapter I provide a methodological framework for the rest of the book to help explain Poland’s long-term economic backwardness, its unprecedented economic success since 1989, and its development prospects. I argue that the existing economic literature largely focuses on the proximate causes of economic growth, but underestimates the fundamental causes of growth—institutions, culture, ideologies, leaders, and luck—which drive economic policies and are ultimately the reasons why some countries are rich while others are poor. I then focus on the role of institutions and culture in explain

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17

de Heredia, Marta Iñiguez. Creative survival as subversion. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526108760.003.0007.

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This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent forms of reappropriation, simultaneously delegitimising political order, and hence subverting it. The chapter illustrates that despite the context of violence, popular classes still aspire to improve their conditions of living in terms of political participation and economic distribution. In contrast with the last chapter, these practices have women as their protagonists, but as in the previous cha

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18

Pohl, Walter. Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0004.

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When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of mi

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19

Bebbington, Anthony, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, et al. Competitive Clientelism and the Political Economy of Mining in Ghana. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0005.

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This chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in Ghana. Contrary to studies that highlight the role of inclusive political settlements for the effective management of mineral rents, we find that broad-based elite inclusion also risks undermining the effective management of rents for long-term development in contexts where rents are deployed with the aim of ‘buying-off’ elites who can potentially undermine the stability of ruling coalitions. All ruling

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20

Matsumoto, Yuji. Lexical Knowledge Acquisition. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0021.

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This article deals with the acquisition of lexical knowledge, instrumental in complementing the ambiguous process of NLP (natural language processing). Imprecise in nature, lexical representations are mostly simple and superficial. The thesaurus would be an apt example. Two primary tools for acquiring lexical knowledge are ‘corpora’ and ‘machine-readable dictionary’ (MRD). The former are mostly domain specific, monolingual, while the definitions in MRD are generally described by a ‘genus term’ followed by a set of differentiae. Auxiliary technical nuances of the acquisition process, find menti

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21

Crisorio, Ricardo Luis, Ángela Liliana Rocha Bidegain, and Agustín Amílcar Lescano, eds. Enseñanza y educación del cuerpo. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/93259.

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Este tercer libro de cátedra tiene por objetivo, una vez más, transmitir una teoría que permita instrumentaciones, resoluciones teóricas y técnicas a los problemas de la educación del cuerpo tal como pueden pensarse desde una disciplina enmarcada en y comprometida con la educación general, entendida como la transmisión crítica de bienes culturales. Para ello, se compilaron un conjunto de artículos, ponencias, informes de investigación, extractos de tesis cuyo objeto común fueron las prácticas corporales que toman al cuerpo por objeto y la educación de este en el marco de la enseñanza universit

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22

Hirschman, Lynette, and Inderjeet Mani. Evaluation. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0022.

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The commercial success of natural language (NL) technology has raised the technical criticality of evaluation. Choices of evaluation methods depend on software life cycles, typically charting four stages — research, advance prototype, operational prototype, and product. At the prototype stage, embedded evaluation can prove helpful. Analysis components can be loose grouped viz., segmentation, tagging, extracting information, and document threading. Output technologies such as text summarization can be evaluated in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic measures, the former checking for quality and in

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23

Lund, Joshua. Werner Herzog. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043178.001.0001.

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Werner Herzog is the first book-length study of Werner Herzog’s American (in the hemispheric sense) work. It is also the first sustained, book-length study on the question of the political in Herzog’s work. Finally, as part of a series on contemporary directors, it introduces Herzog’s films through the arc of his long career, about 60 films (and counting) over nearly 60 years. The approach is materialist and postcolonial, with systematic attention paid to the historical impulses surrounding the films, both in terms of their history of representation (the stories that the films tell) and their

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24

Astill, Grenville. Overview. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.3.

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This overview examines the different units of scale at which the medieval countryside has been studied, the ‘geographies’ of the title. It discusses the application of the term pays as distinctive environmental and cultural entities, archaeological work at the scale of the parish or township and the influence of new techniques and methodologies such as LiDAR and GIS. The impact of ‘big data’ projects such as the characterization of medieval rural settlement and Historic Landscape Characterization is highlighted, though some weaknesses are identified. The importance of specialized landscapes is

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25

Grivno, Max. 4. “… How Much of Oursels We Owned”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036521.003.0005.

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This chapter devotes particular attention to the unequal negotiations between masters and mistresses eager to preserve slavery and bondspeople desperate to escape. Both parties confronted two central and inescapable realities: the enslaved could inflict grievous financial losses on their owners by escaping to Pennsylvania, and slaveholders could destroy black families and communities by selling slaves south. To restore a tenuous peace and to eliminate the intertwined threats of flight and sale, slaveholders and their chattels hammered out delayed manumission or term slavery agreements whereby

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26

Tomlinson, Kathryn. Oil and Gas Companies and the Management of Social and Environmental Impacts and Issues. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0020.

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This chapter provides an overview of social and environmental performance and management practices in the oil and gas industries, outlining the evolution of international companies’ approaches over the last twenty years within the wider extractive industries context. The chapter reviews what social and environmental management amongst such companies means in practice, and highlights some of the unresolved issues emerging. While most companies now model their approach to social and environmental management on international norms, they face a variety of drivers to their practices. These range fr

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27

Berman, Constance H. Gender at the Medieval Millennium. Edited by Judith Bennett and Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.013.

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The turn of the first millennium was once seen by feminist historians like Jo Ann Kay McNamara as the beginning of an inexorable decline in the power and status of medieval women, particularly with the celibate clergy’s assertion of hegemony as a third gender, but new evidence shows that this was only a short-term setback. While new technologies, like water-powered mills, may initially have been resisted as a means of extracting new rent, they freed up peasant women for more productive activities, including textile production. As noblemen intent on asserting their masculinity joined the Crusad

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28

Ogden, Laura A. Loss and Wonder at the World’s End. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021865.

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In Loss and Wonder at the World's End, Laura A. Ogden brings together animals, people, and things—from beavers, stolen photographs, lichen, American explorers, and birdsong—to catalog the ways environmental change and colonial history are entangled in the Fuegian Archipelago of southernmost Chile and Argentina. Repeated algal blooms have closed fisheries in the archipelago. Glaciers are in retreat. Extractive industries such as commercial forestry, natural gas production, and salmon farming along with the introduction of nonnative species are rapidly transforming assemblages of life. Ogden arc

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29

Genosko, Gary. Drinking Animals: Sobriety, Intoxication and Interspecies Assemblages. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0016.

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While Deleuze explored the temporalities of alcoholism in American literature in The Logic of Sense, and Jean Clet Martin, among others, has extended this inquiry by further extracting the alcoholic’s lines of flight from the same literature, this chapter breaks the mould by understanding alcohol, distilled and in its pure form of ethanol, as well as its imbibition, as a question of a component that passes through anthropocentric, and across multiple non-anthropocentric assemblages. The exploitation of ethanol fermentation, for example, exists across species. Indeed, as we entertain more overt

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30

Bielawski, Ellen. Rogue Diamonds: Northern Riches On Dene Land. University of Washington Press, 2004.

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31

Rogue Diamonds: Northern Riches on Dene Land. Douglas & McIntyre, Limited, 2003.

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32

Bielawski, Ellen. Rogue Diamonds: The Rush for Northern Riches on Dene Land. Douglas & McIntyre, 2003.

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33

Prud'homme, Alex. Hydrofracking. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199311262.001.0001.

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Constantly in the news and the subject of much public debate, fracking, as it is known for short, is one of the most promising yet controversial methods of extracting natural gas and oil. Today, 90 percent of natural gas wells use fracking. Though highly effective, the process-which fractures rock with pressurized fluid-has been criticized for polluting land, air, and water, and endangering human health. A timely addition to Oxford's What Everyone Needs to Know series, Hydrofracking tackles this contentious topic, exploring both sides of the debate and providing a clear guide to the science un

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