Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extraction et purification'
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Belghith, Hafedh. "Production et extraction-purification d'une alcool oxydase : réalisation et développement d'un capteur à alcools." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI211.
Full textCliche, Simon. "Extraction et purification de collagène natif provenant de la peau de poulet." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0029/MQ67436.pdf.
Full textHaj, Youssef Mouna. "Extraction liquide - liquide et extraction par émulsions appliquées à la purification de l'acide phosphorique vis-à-vis du cadmium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1108.
Full textCampos, Assunção Mariana. "Etude physicochimique et formulation d'un nouveau solvant d'extraction pour la purification de l'acide phosphorique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066045/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis was focused on the development of new extraction systems to purify phosphoric acid from wet phosphoric acid (WPA). The new system should be respectful of the current Prayon’s process flowsheet designed for the use of the mixture tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP) and diisopropyl ether (DiPE) as extraction solvent. Firstly, extractants exhibiting different structures and functional groups were screened in order to assess their efficiency and selectivity towards phosphoric acid. Three new promising extraction systems were identified: diisobutyl ether (DBE), diisocarbinol (DiBC) in DiPE, and Fentamine T0810 (ATS) in DiPE. Secondly, our effort was directed to the comprehension of the physico-chemical phenomena involved in the extraction of phosphoric acid by the mixture TBP/DiPE at first, and enriched to describe the other systems studied later. Finally, a simulation model describing the solvent extraction of phosphoric acid by the solvent currently employed by Prayon is presented. This model accounts for the significant volume variation during the extraction of phosphoric acid and allows performing optimizations of extraction parameters even at very high phosphoric acid concentrations (6-14M)
Papet, Nicolle Marie-Pierre. "Extraction et purification de glycosides à activité cytokinine dans le germe de blé." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2023.
Full textHerzi, Nejia. "Extraction et purification de substances naturelles : comparaison de l’extraction au CO2-supercritique et des techniques conventionnelles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9437/1/herzi.pdf.
Full textAlhage, Josiane. "Valorisation des plantes médicinales du Liban ; extraction, purification et détermination structurale de molécules bioactives." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCR0052.
Full textThe study of medicinal plants represents a universal strategy for the discovery of new drugs as they constitute an important source of biologically active molecules used for the treatment of various diseases. To highlight the therapeutic virtues of local medicinal plants, we are interested in the study of two abundant plants in Lebanon: C. Retrorsa, and C. Villosa. In the present study, we undertook to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of the macerated (dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous) crude extracts of the different parts of these two plants. The dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the stems and leaves of C. Retrorsa show significant cytotoxic effects after 48 hours of treatment at 2 mg/mL. The methanol extracts have a high anti-radical activity at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Only the leaf and the flower dichloromethane extracts of this species inhibit the growth of A. Baumanii and C. Albicans at 2 mg/mL. The stem dichloromethane and methanol extracts show a moderate inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme at 2 mg/mL. All these extracts are found to be inactive for the inhibition of PLA2 of bee venom. For C. Villosa the results display that the methanol extracts have interesting anti radical activities similar to vitamin C. The stem aqueous extract possesses a moderate hemolytic activity of 35% at 10 mg/mL followed by the leaf dichloromethane extract revealing a hemolysis of 25% at the same concentration. The stem methanol extract inhibits by 16 mm the growth of K. Pneumoniae at 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, this extract exhibits an antidiabetic activity (inhibits the activity of α-glucosidase by 39% for a concentration of 2 mg/mL). The evaluation of these extracts for their cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell line shows that the leaf methanol and the stem dichloromethane extracts have remarkable anti proliferative effects. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, all these extracts do not have inhibitory activity of the phospholipase of bee venom. The purification of the stem dichloromethane and methanol extracts of C. Villosa, by different chromatographic methods (LC, preparative TLC) yielded five compounds. The characterization of the structures of these compounds by the different spectroscopic methods (NMR, HR-MS) made it possible to identify basalethanoïd B, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysin 7-(6′′-O-acetyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and calythropsin, isolated for the first time from C. Villosa. The evaluation of these products in vitro biological activities shows that: - Calythropsin exhibits attractive cytotoxic, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities (99% inhibition of the proliferation rate after 48 hours of treatment and 100% of the DPPH radical at 0. 1 mg/mL, and 90% of the α- glucosidase for a concentration of 0. 3 mg/mL). - Chrysin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits by 10 mm the growth of A. Baumanii at a concentration of 1 μg/mL, and by 93% the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme at 0. 1 mg/mL. Key-words: C. Retrorsa, C. Villosa, Bioactivities, Secondary metabolites, Structural studies
Nait-Si, Youssef. "Extraction, purification, comportement chimique de l'hypéricine et de la pseudohypéricine du millepertuis (hypericum perforatum)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30073.
Full textSt. -John's-wort (Hypericum perferatum) is a medical plant with multiple activities which contains two characteristic compounds, hypericin and the pseudohypericin, in wich one attributed some of these activities. This work had for object the settling of processes allowing to obtain the two naphthdianthrons at an high degree of purity. Firstly a criterion of purity of the two compound was elaborated. Subsequently, protocols for extracting the plant and purifying extracts were finalized for obtaining an extract enriched in hypericin and pseudohypericin. The compounds are then separated by two successive chromatographies using silica gel and silica gel C-18 reversed phase and obtained pure up to 95 % by precipitation. The study of their behavior showed that the hypericin is stable in hydrated medium while the pseudohypericin is transformed into isopseudohypericin, a new naphthodianthron. We shown an equilibrum between pseudo and isopseudohypericin in neutral hydrated medium and the a full deplacement of the equilibrum to isopseudohypericin in weakly alkaline medium and to pseudohypericin in weakly acid one
Duran, Renan Ravetti. "Procédés d’extraction et de purification de molécules à haute valeur ajoutée issues de la biomasse bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0325.
Full textBy-products from wood industry, particularly knots, contain different types of molecules that can be valued as a source of bioactive components meeting therapeutic needs. It is on this idea that the project "Le Bois Santé" was designed. Through the collaboration of several partnerships, the present work aims initially to develop a "green" extraction processes (solid-liquid and supercritical) to obtain an extract rich in lignans from a mixture of norway spruce and silver fir knots. The effects of operating conditions on the extraction yield of each target compound and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. To understand the entire process, the project aims to investigate the impact of concentration and drying processes using vacuum evaporation and lyophilisation. Moreover, the separation and purification of the compounds have been developed and optimized using frontal chromatography technique
Veillette, Marc. "Production de biodiesel à partir de microalgues par catalyses homogène et hétérogène." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9752.
Full textAbstract : In Canada, near 80% of the greenhouse gases (GHG), 692 Mt eq. CO[subscript 2], are produced by CO[subscript 2] emissions from non renewable fossil fuel used. Following the United Nations conference on climate changes (COP21) (Paris, France), several countries have the objective to reduce their GHG emissions. Consequently, the microalgae should be used to trap industrial carbon dioxide and transform them to a biomass composed of lipids, carbon hydrates and proteins. Moreover, this type of culture does not require arable land in opposition to several oleagineous plant used to produce biofuels. Despite the fact that microalgae can be transformed to several biofuels as bioethanol (among others by fermentation) or biomethane (by anaerobic digestion), the lipid transformation into biodiesel shoud allow reducing the petrodiesel consumption. However, the cost linked to the biodiesel production from microalgae remain relatively high far for a short term commercialisation partially because microalgae are cultivated in aqueous phase in opposition to several oleagineous plants increase the biomass harvesting and the lipid extraction cost. Despite de fact that several techniques of microalgae lipids recovery which do not use organic solvents as mentioned in the literature, most methods tested in laboratory generally used organic solvents. The lipids extracted can be transformed into biodiesel in presence of an alcool such as methanol and a catalyst (homogeneous or heterogeneous). For the microalgae biodiesel commercialization, the respect of ASTM standards is an essential point. At the laboratory scale, it was shown that the lipid extraction in aqueous phase was possible to obtain a maximum yield of 36wt% (dry weight) by using a boiling pretreatment of the aqueous phase microalgae followed by an extraction with organic solvents. For the esterification of FFAs with a strong acid resin (Amberlyst-15), a FFAs conversion of 84% was obtained from Chlorella protothecoides microalgae lipids in the following conditions: temperature: 120°C, autogeneous pressure, reaction time: 60 min, methanol/lipids ratio: 0.57 mL/g and 2.5wt% Amberlyst-15 compared to lipids. With the same reaction conditions (1st step) with a homogeneous catalyst (H[subscript 2] SO[subscript 4]) and an alkaline second step with a catalyst of potassium hydroxide (KOH) (temperature: 60°C; reaction time: 22.2 min ; catalyst to microalgue ratio: 2.48wt%; methanol to lipids ratio: 31.4%), a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 33% (g FAME/g lipids) was obtained from the Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae lipids. These results showed that biodiesel can be produced from microalgae lipids. However, based on these results, further research had be conducted in order to prove that microalgae are a promising raw matrial to produce biodiesel.
Mougenel, Véronique. "Contribution à l'ultra-purification de métaux et de composés minéraux ou organiques par ségrégation-extraction." Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0168.
Full textVIRON, CECILE. "Extraction, purification et evaluation biologique de substances naturelles d'interet cosmetique : applications a l'orobanche rapum et a skeletonema costatum." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2022.
Full textMyint, Aung. "Criblage de souches d'actinomycètes productrices d'antifongiques nonpolyéniques : production, extraction, purification et caractérisation des composés antimicrobiens biosynthétisés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL049N.
Full textFreire, José-Antonia. "Production, extraction et essais de purification d'antifongiques produits par la souche TN4N appartenant au genre micromonospora." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL161N.
Full textGrancher, Denis. "Extraction, purification, toxicocinétique chez la chèvre et toxicologie clinique d'une toxine de champignon endophyte : le lolitrème B." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21744.
Full textJorda, Jérémy. "Étude du procédé d'extraction alcaline et de purification des pectines de pulpe de betterave : étude des propriétés chimiques et physico-chimiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT011G.
Full textPenchev, Petko Ivanov. "Étude des procédés d’extraction et de purification de produits bioactifs à partir de plantes par couplage de techniques séparatives à basses et hautes pressions." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0122/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the extraction of natural bioactive compounds from plants (case study with Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)) by using different separation techniques at high (supercritical extraction) and atmospheric pressure (Soxhlet extraction, batch extraction, nanofiltration etc.). The influence of main operational parameters (solvent composition and flow rate, particle size of the raw material, pressure, temperature) on the process kinetics is studied experimentally with the aim to determine appropriate operational conditions for better extraction. The experimental results are confronted to a number of mathematical models in order to estimate the applicability of different theoretical concepts to the particular process and to select and apply appropriate models for determination of important parameters, characterizing the mass transfer process and necessary for scale-up and design purposes. Coupling between different separation methods is also considered and a number of integrated process schemes are proposed resulting in better yield of the targeted compounds
Betton, Clélia. "Nouvelle stratégie d'extraction et de purification de l'hydrazine N2H4 de grade spatial via le procédé Raschig : synthèse, modélisations cinétiques, équilibres entre phases et schémas de procédé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10366/document.
Full textThis work, funded by the CIBLE-Rhône-Alpes Region, in partnership with the HERAKLES-SAFRAN group, aims to develop a new method for extracting and purifying hydrazine N2H4, for space applications. This monopropellant must be of very high purity, with an upper mass composition of 99.5% hydrazine and a carbon content of less than 30 ppm.The first part of this study allowed us to identify the reactions of formation and degradation to establish a global kinetic model and determine the guiding parameters of synthesis. Knowledge of the compositions of reaction liquors function of operating conditions of the synthesis, has allowed us to position, on leaving the reactor, the overall mixing point in the diagrams of ternary and quaternary phases in order to define the optimum extraction conditions.The second part concerns the detailed thermodynamic study of the new method of extraction, which is, not to extract excess ammonia from the reaction mixture but maintain the in situ to extract the hydrazine in the liquid phase separation -liquid by solvent effect. The aim ultimately is to get a virtually anhydrous ammonia phase so as to eliminate multiple distillations and complex extraction and purification encountered in the traditional process. This new strategy is based on the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid state, in the H2O-NH3-H2O-NaOH ternary system and N2H4-NH3-NaOH quaternary system at a pressure of between 15 and 20 bar.The last part deals with the process engineering component. The operation of kinetic model and phase diagrams involved allowed us to determine the optimum conditions of synthesis and isolation, to calculate the composition of the material flow at the end of each unit operation and compare them with previous industrial processes . The process diagrams for each option have been prepared and analyzed at cost, safety and specifications obtained useful product
Walter, Serge. "Contribution à l'étude d'alliages binaires entre sodium et traces d'autre métal alcalin : élaboration d'un nouveau procédé de purification, compléments sur la réaction métal alcalin-alcool." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0073.
Full textFromentin, Yann. "Extraction et hémisynthèse d'analogues de la guttiférone A." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P633.
Full textGuttiferone A, belonging to the PPAPs family (Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols), is extracted from a tropical tree called Symphonia globulifera. This raw material is abundant and can be easily obtained. In addition, it has many biological activities, giving it a very interesting pharmacological potential. Three approaches were used in this work. The first was the use of microorganisms to perform biotransformations. The use of yeast allow the synthesis of 3,16-oxy-guttiférone A, a xanthone derivative of guttiferone A. The second theme was the use of chemical tools for guttiferone A derivation. First, twenty ether and ester catechol analogs were synthesized, some of these compounds showed a better selectivity index of parasites. Selective synthesis of xanthone by phenolic oxidative coupling reaction was also studied. We obtained by this approach the 3.16-oxy-guttiferone A, 1,16-oxy-guttiferone A and 1,12-oxy-guttiferone A. These reactions have also provided some hydroxylated xanthone never described before in the literature. Finally, preliminary phytochemical work on seeds and leaves of Symphonia globulifera lead to the isolation of guttiférone A analogues such as guttiférone C and D, as well as other molecules such as bisflavonoides and xanthones
Eddhif, Balkis. "Développement d'une approche analytique non ciblée pour l'étude des protéines dans les milieux complexes, environnementaux et biologiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2291/document.
Full textRecent advances in proteomics have been spurred by the rapid development of hybrid and/or high-resolution mass analysers (HRMS/MS). These powerful instrumentations have led to significant improvements in « Bottom-up » approach and have enabled to deepen our knowledge on the functionality of biological systems (structure, function, metabolism, dynamic, etc).Despite their high sensibilities, the potential of such instruments could be significantly lessened by an imperfect sample pre-treatment. In this context, current sample pretreatments follow multi-steps experimental workflows, which alternatively lead to low recoveries of proteins. In this line, this study aims at developing a simple and versatile strategy in order to reduce protein losses and enhance their detection in gel-free LC-MS analysis. First, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed to detect and quantify complex peptides mixture. Secondly, a universal, simple and fast purification approach was designed with the aim to purify protein extracts in only one-step. For this purpose, the molecular reactivity, dynamics and conformational changes of proteins at each development step were comprehensively investigated with a set of spectroscopic techniques, in order to select the best strategy. Finally, different factors influencing extraction of proteins were investigated with the goal in the long term to propose an on-demand extraction protocol for direct analysis of proteins by LC-HRMS/MS
Saboulard, Didier. "Extraction et purification d'un métabolite secondaire à activité antiherpétique à partir du Basidiomycète Macrocystidia cucumis (Fr. Ex Pers. ) HEIM." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T122.
Full textRaynaud, Simon. "Etude fonctionnelle et cibles d'un ARN régulateur exprimé par le pathogène humain Staphylococcus aureus et impliqué dans l'internalisation des bactéries par les cellules humaines." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B011.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for a wide spectrum of both hospital- and community-acquired infections, making it a major public health issue worldwide. The transition from commensalism to pathogenicity is governed by a fine regulation of genes expression. Beside transcription factors, regulatory RNAs play a key role in this regulation. This thesis focuses on the study of one of them, Srn_3610_SprC, which is known to be involved in virulence and bacterial internalization by human macrophages. For a better understanding if its role and function, we implemented the MAPS technology and identified three mRNA: czrB, deoD and agrB. The characterization of the interaction between SprC and czrB revealed a negative regulation of SprC on the czrAB operon through modification of the RNA stability. This mechanism of regulation leads to a decrease in the resistance of S. aureus to zinc. Zinc belongs to the antibacterial strategies implemented by human cells. In addition to the depiction of regulation by Srn_3610_SprC, we developed a protocol for the extraction of bacterial RNAs after internalization by macrophages. This novel method allowed the study of the role of czrAB operon in the internalization and intracellular survival of S. aureus. We showed that it was highly over-expressed in an intracellular context. Therfore, the negative regulation of SprC onto czrB expression could explain the decrease in the survival of S. aureus within macrophages
Hamzaoui, Mahmoud. "Développements méthodologiques en Extraction de Partage Centrifuge (EPC). Application au fractionnement et à la purification de substances naturelles végétales et issues des biotechnologies blanches." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMP207/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was the characterization and study of potential applications of a new Centrifugal Partition Extractor (CPE) prototype, in the field of natural plant extracts and withe biotechnology. This work initially focused on the extraction and purification of metabolites mainly from white biotechnology (succinic acid, itaconic acid, ...), but very quickly, we have been led to focus our research on other metabolites from natural extracts plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sinapis alba, and Anogeissus leiocarpus) and one target fermentation (itaconic acid)
Ben, Said Anouar. "Purification de polyoléfines artificiellement polluées : études de l’extraction de composés modèles par CO2 supercritique en autoclave et en extrudeuse bi-vis." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES011.
Full textDue to their excellent properties, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are widely used in food packaging applications to preserve and protect foodstuffs. However, throughout their lifecycle or first use, polyolefins can be exposed to contaminated media which limit their recyclability in food contact applications. Therefore, the recycling of polyolefins into direct food contact applications requires rigorous decontamination levels and thus effective and advanced recycling technology. The objective of this work is, at first hand, to study the feasibility and the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in batch process for the purification of polyolefins (extraction of additives and model contaminants). In the whole, we investigated the effects of process parameters and contaminant structure on the extraction kinetic, and the influence of the supercritical CO2 extraction on the rheological and thermal behaviors of the purified materials. On the other hand, we aimed at the development of a novel continuous extraction process by coupling supercritical extraction technique and twin-screw extrusion. The most significant results showed the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in batch mode for the purification of polyolefins without influence significantly the matrix properties
Le, Roux Karine. "Purification de la chitine par hydrolyse enzymatique à partir de co-produits de crevette Penaeus Vannamei : caractérisations des produits et optimisation du procédé." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b804e450-0be5-411f-9d56-0ce6edaa82ed.
Full textThe objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of chitin by acid proteolysis. The novelty of the method is based on the stabilization of pH by the balance between substrate composition and the acid solvent. This principle allows a simultaneous demineralization and deproteinization, the two main reactions associated with the purification of chitin. To evaluate the performance of this purification, the composition of the substrate and products was characterized. Different methods of quantification of chitin and proteins have been compared. As traditional assays were not satisfaying, a direct method of amino acids determination by gaz chromatography was selected to estimate the amount of protein. The estimate of chitin amount was based on indirect methods, mainly gravimetry, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Kinetics of demineralization and deproteinization were examined to optimize the purification of chitin. Mass balances confirmed the consistency of results. The quality of chitin extracted by enzymatic or chemical techniques was compared with the degree of acetylation and depolymerization and the crystallinity index of chitin. The structure of chitin was also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, compounds solubilized by enzymatic hydrolysis were identified and quantified
Kartika, Ika Amalia Rigal Luc Pontalier Pierre-Yves. "Nouveau procédé de fractionnement des graines de tournesol expression et extraction en extrudeur bi-vis, purification par ultrafiltration de l'huile de tournesol /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000159.
Full textKartika, Ika Amalia. "Nouveau procédé de fractionnement des graines de tournesol : expression et extraction en extrudeur bi-vis, purification par ultrafiltration de l'huile de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000159/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to investigate the new processing of the sunflower seeds fractionation allowing to realize oil expression and extraction using methyl ester as the solvent on a twin-screw extruder, and purification of twin-screw extruder-pressed sunflower oil by ultrafiltration. The oil expression and extraction were conducted using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Model BC 45, Clextral-France). Twenty one screw profiles were examined to define the best performance (oil yield, oil quality and energy input) by studying the influence of operating conditions on temperature pressing, screw rotation speed and seed input flow rate. The ultrafiltration was carried out with polyethersulfone, polysulfone and ceramic membranes to determine flux, phospholipids rejection, free fatty acid and color reduction by studying the influence of operating conditions on pressure, temperature and tangential velocity. The position and spacing between two reversed screw elements affected oil expression yield. More oil expression yield was produced as temperature pressing, screw rotation speed and seed input flow rate were decreased. Highest expression yield (85%) with best cake meal quality (< 13% of the residual oil content) was obtained under operating conditions 75 rpm, 19 kg/h and 120°C. Furthermore, the operating parameters influenced energy input. A decrease in temperature and seed input flow rate followed by an increase in screw rotation speed increased energy input, particularly specific mechanical energy input. Effect of the operating parameters on oil quality was unimportant, mainly on acid and iodine values. In all experiments tested, the oil quality was very good. The acid value was below 2 mg KOH/g and the phosphorus content was very poor, below 100 mg/kg. The oil extraction yield was measured as function of screw configuration and solvent-to-solid (S/S) ratio. The position of the solvent injector and the reverse screw elements affected oil extraction yield. Higher oil recovery was produced as the S/S ratio was increased. Up to 98% of the oil was removed from seeds under S/S ratio of 50%. The best ultrafiltration performance was obtained under 4. 5 bars, 50°C and 0. 1 m/s with the polyethersulfone membrane of 30 kDa (12 l/m2. H of the permeate flux and 94% of the phospholipids rejection). Furthermore, ultrafiltration was found to have a positive effect on oil decoloration
Nait, Sidi Ahmed Amina. "Mise en place d’un procédé d’extraction et de pré-purification de molécules bioactives à partir d’une culture énergétique «Salix miyabeana SX67»." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10603.
Full textNguyen, Van Phu. "Extraction, purification et caracterisation des deux isomeres d'un complexe antifongique de structure non-polyenique produit par une souche de streptomyces spectabilis (bt 352)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22954.
Full textMansouri, Lhouceine. "Extraction et purification de certaines saponines triterpéniques pentacycliques d'espèces végétales du groupe de la gypsophile : plantes entières et cultures in vitro ; contribution à l'étude de leur biosynthèse." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT016A.
Full textMAIDOU, ERIC SIMON-PIERRE. "Extraction, concentration et conversion en acide lactique de lactate de sodium produit par fermentation de lactoserum." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10116.
Full textJoly, Agnès. "La triméthylamine N-oxyde déméthylase, enzyme responsable de l'altération de texture de la pulpe de poisson : extraction, purification partielle, caractérisation physico-chimique et enzymatique." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10561.
Full textTachon, Romain. "Apport de la chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l'analyse de traces d'explosifs : optimisation des conditions d'extraction et de purification pour le traitement d'échantillons récupérés sur une scène d'attentat." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066669.
Full textAdrien, Dit Richard Amandine. "Production pilote de polysaccharides sulfatés issus de macroalgues marines à visées anti-coagulante et cosmétique anti-âge." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS013/document.
Full textSEPROSYS is a company specialized in the development of solutions for the extraction and separation of molecules. In 2011, the company has developed an innovative process of fractionated separation and purification of biomolecules from macroalgae. The purpose of this thesis work is to find applications for the purified fractions from the SEPROSYS® process and in particular the sulfated polysaccharides, for two distinct biological activities : as pharmaceutical for their anti-coagulant activity and as dermo-cosmetics for their anti-aging activity. The first part of our work focus on the potential of sulfated polysaccharides from macroalgae as anti-coagulant agents. To this end, aqueous extracts from brown, red and green macroalgae were prepared and their anti-coagulant activity was measured. The best macroalgae were then processed with the SEPROSYS procedure in order to purify the sulfated polysaccharides and study their activity. Furthermore, one of the objectives of this work was to acquire a better understanding of the structure/anti-coagulant function relationship of ulvans. Ulvans of high purity were extracted from Ulva sp. with the SEPROSYS® process, submitted to chemical (hypersulfatation) and physical (depolymerization) modifications and their anti-coagulant activity was measured. The second part of our work relates to the potential of the macroalgae as active agents to be used in dermo-cosmetics, and, in particular, for their anti-aging activity. Different brown, red and green macroalgae fractions were thus tested on normal human dermal fibroblasts cell lines and their effects on the collagen production were measured. Furthermore, the capacity of different molecular weight ulvans extracted from Ulva sp. to stimulate the collagen and hyaluronan biosynthesis was studied. To this end, we developed an efficient depolymerization procedure using ion exchange resins
Zouari, Nabil. "Étude des laccases de Sporotrichum pulverulentum et de Botrytis cinerea : mise en œuvre d'une électrode à laccase et d'une méthode pour l'estimation de la qualité sanitaire du raisin." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI233.
Full textThe phenomena of laccase induction in Sporotrichum pulverulentum were very complex. The laccase production by Botrytis cinerea was more simple. Two molecular forms of laccase produced by the same strain of Botrytis cinerea were demonstrated by separation on D. E. A. E. Cellulose column. They show many resemblances, but their thermostabilities were different, and they oxidise the wide range of phenolic substrates to different extents. A laccase electrode based on immobilized laccases was developed for the continuous flow determination of phenolic compounds. The estimation of the laccase activity in grape must is possible by the method developed and was tested in different wine industries
Mekaoui, Nazim. "Contribution à l'étude de la chromatographie à contre-courant : partage de composés ionisables, nouvelles colonnes et purification séquentielles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10249/document.
Full textCounter-current chromatography (CCC) is a preparative purification technique that works with the twoliquid phases of a biphasic liquid system. One phase is used as the mobile phase when the other phase isused as the stationary phase. There is no solid support: centrifugal fields are used to obtain a support-freeliquid stationary phase. This work contains an exhaustive bibliographic study of what can be found in theliterature concerning continuous chromatographic processes. The multi-dual-mode (MDM) process was foundto be the best one able to purify large amount of crude mixtures. The MDM method starts with a classicalseparation of the mixture followed by a switch of both the liquid phase nature and the flowing direction. Themobile phase flowing e.g. in a descending direction becomes the stationary phase. The previous stationaryphase becomes the mobile phase flowing in the ascending direction (or vice versa). The purified compoundsof the introduced mixture are eluted at one side of the column or the other according to their polarity. TheMDM method was used to purify a crude sample of Coomassie Blue: the polar part of the dye was eluted atthe column top (or head) and the apolar part at the column bottom (or tail) while the essential part of the dyewas trapped inside the CCC column. The work also presents a new small volume (30 mL) hydrostatic CCCcolumn. It is shown that this column could be used to test quickly the potential of a given biphasic liquidsystem
Moris, Gilbert. "Le diadenosine tetraphosphate : roles dans la regulation de la croissance et du cycle cellulaires et dans la reponse cellulaire a un stress a l'ethanol." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13118.
Full textSukhbaatar, Tamir. "Approche multi-échelle pour la compréhension de mécanismes d'extraction de l'uranium en utilisant des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0002.
Full textDue to their attractive properties such as negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability and large electrochemical window, Ionic Liquids are considered to be good substitutes to volatile organic compounds and have been main topic of many research studies for different applications including solvent extraction, which is one of the widely used techniques in hydrometallurgy. Despite a large number of reported mechanistic studies, effect of such diluents on both of extracting agents’ capacity and self-assembling feature has not been elucidated so far and even less concerning uranium extraction from a leachate produced by ore leaching. In this context, main focus of the present thesis has been uranium extraction from i) phosphate media and ii) sulfate media by using ionic liquid as a diluent of an extracting phase. First of all, a screening test of different ionic liquids has been performed with the reference extracting agents (HDEHP/TOPO mixture for extraction from phosphate media and trioctylamine from sulfate media) as well as with amidophosphonate and aminophosphine oxide bifunctional compounds. Then, uranium extraction mechanisms in a selected ionic liquid with these extractants have been investigated at molecular and supramolecular scales. As an analogy to the Critical Micellar Concentration which is related to the Gibbs free energy of Micellization in a case of surfactants, a Critical Aggregation Concentration has been determined by using results obtained by Small-Angle X ray, Neutron Scattering techniques and interfacial tension measurements. Finally, the results obtained in the ionic liquid have been compared to those obtained in a conventional molecular diluent
Condassamy, Olivia. "Valorisation d'une lignine alcaline industrielle : vers le développement de nouveaux synthons et oligomères bio-sourcés issus de la lignine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0265/document.
Full textA valorization of alkaline lignin from an industrial pulping liquor has been proposed for this project. Before considering any chemical modification or potential applications, the lignin structure has been elucidated. An efficient three-steps protocol for extraction and purification of lignin from industrial liquor has been established. This protocol leads to high purity sample of lignin (95%) and allows the recovery (68%) of the lignin initially present in the alkaline liquor. Alkaline lignin has been characterized utilizing analytical methods and thermogravimetric analysis. This precise structure elucidation was critical for proceeding to chemical modification of alkaline lignin. Chemical modification of alkaline lignin has been done by oxidation in alkaline media. Three major oxidized products have been isolated depending on the extraction solvent: oligomers bearing carboxylic groups and aromatic molecules. This thesis work led to the synthesis of value-added bio-sourced chemicals and functionalized oligomers. The polyacids from lignin obtained should be studied to form new biobased polymers such as polyesters, polyamids or polyurethanes
Evon, Philippe. "Nouveau procédé de bioraffinage du tournesol plante entière par fractionnement thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis : étude de l'extraction aqueuse des lipides et de la mise en forme du raffinat en agromatériaux par thermomoulage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7723/1/evon.pdf.
Full textSolastiouk, Pierre. "Application de l'extraction liquide-liquide au traitement et a la revalorisation d'effluents industriels." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13140.
Full textBec, Jean-Louis. "Modifications de phases par ancrage de ligands : application a la chromatographie et a la vectorisation." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0020.
Full textHolste, Angela Sarah. "Développement des méthodes bio analytique pour l’analyse quantitative et qualitative des peptides et protéines marqués par le couplage de la chromatographie et la spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3004/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis was a Cotutelle between the Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) in Pau, France and the Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) in Kiel, Germany. In the course of this international collaboration, bio-analytical methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of labelled peptides and proteins were developed, which were based on the hyphenation of chromatography with mass spectrometry. Peptides and protein digests were lanthanide labelled using DOTA-based compounds according to an optimised protocol. Separation on the peptide level was performed using IP-RP-nanoHPLC. Complementary data sets were acquired using MALDI-MS for identification and ICP-MS for quantification. In this context, an online precleaning step was developed and implemented in the nanoHPLC separation routine, which allowed for effective removal of excess reagents. This lead to lowered metal backgrounds during ICP-MS measurements and thus better data interpretability, while guarding peptide recovery at a maximum level. An alternative offline purification using solid phase extraction (SPE) resulted in important peptide losses and can be considered unsuitable for quantitative analysis. Additives to the nanoHPLC eluents, such as HFBA and EDTA were tested and not deemed beneficial for the analysis of normal peptide samples. HFBA can be reconsidered for special application on very hydrophilic peptide species. A set of labelled peptides was developed, which due to application of known quantities could be employed for quick and simple quantification of a low complexity digest sample. In addition this peptide set allowed for the reliable superposition of chromatograms, enabling sample comparability especially for complementary ICP-MS and MALDI-MS data. Experiments for application of fsLA-ICP-MS on MALDI-MS target plates were conducted and showed very promising results. For this purpose, samples that were already identified using MALDI-MS were supposed to be remeasured using fsLA-ICP-MS. First quantification attempts on the modified steel target plate were successful and in the range of expectance. Adjusted parameters for MALDI-MS allowed for proper peptide identifications
Khelaifia, Saber. "Détection et culture des archaea associées aux muqueuses intestinale et orale humaines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5029.
Full textArchaea is one of four known domains of life. Unlike what their name suggests, they some species of methanogenic archaea have been associated with oral, vaginal and intestinal mucosa. These methanogenic archaea are obligate anaerobic prokaryotes and their culture conditions are fastidious and very poorly known. Only four methanogenic archaea have been isolated from human samples including the digestive microbiota; Methanobrevibacter smithii detected in 95.7% of individuals Methanosphaera stadtmanae found in approximately one third of individuals and more recently in our laboratory Methanomassilicoccus luminyensis detected on average in 4% of individuals with a prevalence of age-related, and in the oral microbiota Methanobrevibacter oralis isolated from dental plaque
Zaki, Mohamed. "Réactivité et hémisynthèse des constituants majoritaires, de type eudesmanes, contenus dans des extraits de Dittrichia Viscosa." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2014/document.
Full textIn recent years, the sesquiterpenoids eudesmane type and their biological activities are subject to numerous phytochemical and pharmacological studies and research of synthetic and semisynthetic routes. For our part, we are interested in the synthesis of similar types of eudesmanes by functionalization of the major constituents of Dittrichia Viscosa. In the first part we gave a bibliographical recall on the botanical aspect of Dittrichia Viscosa and a phytochemical description shows that this plant contains various constituents: terpénödes, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and polyketides with various pharmacological properties. In the second part, and after giving a bibliographical recall of the different types of eudesmane and extraction and purification of major products of Dittrichia Viscosa (α-costique acid, ilicique acid and tomentosin), we realized the study of epoxy eudesmanes rearrangements by acid catalysis and the synthesis of α-costal aldehyde and its analogues. We also focus on the reaction conditions for functionalization of C11-C13 dual link Heck coupling allowing access to libraries eudesmanes aryl in position 13. In the last part, we are interested to the study of the reactivity of the tomentosin with nucleophilic additions (type Michael Addition) and 1,3-dipolar additions (nitrones and nitrile oxides) on the double link exo-cyclic combined
Moisan, Marie-Claude. "Extraction, purification et caractérisation d’isoformes d’hexokinase du tubercule de pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3767.
Full textHexokinase (HK) catalyzes the first step of hexose metabolism by phosphorylating hexose to generate the corresponding hexose phosphate thereby allowing hexose entrance in glycolysis. Even though glucose is the main substrate, HK can also phosphorylate a broad spectrum of hexoses. Despite its importance this enzyme has never been purified to homogeneity in a native form. The aim of this work was therefore to purify this enzyme from Solanum tuberosum tubers and subsequently characterize its kinetic properties. Before I started this work, another group had already separated and partially purified 3 HK isoform from S. tuberosum. An extraction protocol was available but improvement was necessary since the extracted HK had little stability. By adding some protease inhibitors and by modifying the concentration of certain components in the extraction buffer we were able to obtain an extract with a HK activity stable for at least 72 h after extraction by preventing degradation. With this buffer and chromatography on butyl sepharose it was possible to separate 4 HK isoforms from S. tuberosum. After 5 more chromatographic steps, one HK isoform was purified to homogeneity (HK1). This enzyme was characterized and sequenced by MS/MS. We were able to associate this protein sequence with the gene product of StHK1 from S. tuberosum. With a specific activity of 10.2 U/mg of protein, this is the HK with the highest specific activity ever reported from a plant tissue. All the information gathered while purifying HK1 was used to undertake the purification of a second isoform (HK3). We were able to obtain preliminary results on its kinetic properties.
Kartika, Ika Amalia. "Nouveau procédé de fractionnement des graines de tournesol : expression et extraction en extrudeur bi-vis, purification par ultrafiltration de l’huile de tournesol." Phd thesis, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7316/1/kartika.pdf.
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