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Journal articles on the topic 'Extraction procedures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Lickfeldt, D. W., N. E. Hofmann, J. D. Jones, A. M. Hamblin, and T. B. Voigt. "Comparing Three DNA Extraction Procedures for Cost, Efficiency, and DNA Yield." HortScience 37, no. 5 (August 2002): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.5.822.

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An efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction procedure that yields large quantities of DNA would provide adequate DNA for a large number of different analytical procedures. This study was conducted to compare three DNA extraction procedures for cost, time efficiency, and DNA content while extracting DNA from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Three students at the Univ. of Illinois with varying levels of DNA extraction experience conducted DNA extractions using Plant DNeasy™ Mini Kits, Plant DNAzol® Reagent, and a PEX/CTAB buffer. Costs varied significantly with cost (US$) per DNA sample of $3.04 for the DNeasy™ method, $0.99 for the DNAzol® method, and $0.39 for the PEX/CTAB extraction. The DNAzol® method was the fastest; although extracting 2.8 ng less DNA than the DNeasy™ method, it did not require the use of hazardous organic solvents, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were satisfactory for DNA fingerprinting of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. The PEX/CTAB method, which did not include a tissue homogenization step, did not have reproducible banding patterns due to miniscule and inconsistent quantities of DNA extracted, or possibly due to inadequate purification. The investigator with the least DNA extraction experience was the slowest, while extracting 75% more DNA. All three methods are easily adapted to laboratories having personnel with different levels of experience. The DNAzol® Reagent method should save time and money, with reproducible results when many individual plant samples need to be identified. Chemical names used: potassium ethyl xanthogenate (PEX); cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)
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Saravanabavan, Nandhini, Kartik J. Salwe, R. Sudar Codi, and Manimekalai Kumarappan. "Herbal extraction procedures: need of the hour." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202566.

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Extraction is the first most important step for preparing herbal drug formulations. It serves as an alternate method to identify the lead compound by isolating the active compounds from the crude drug using various extraction techniques by adding suitable solvent. Selection of solvent is the most important step as the success rate depends on it. Thus, by identifying the lead compound, extraction plays an important role in the process of drug discovery. In this review, different methods of extraction used for extracting the herbal extracts have been discussed with their advantages and disadvantages and also a brief discussion on solvent selection and actions of few phytochemicals have also been discussed.
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Conte, R., D. Giaccari, and R. Giorgetti. "Second premolar extraction procedures." Progress in Orthodontics 2, no. 1 (January 2001): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9975.2001.20108.x.

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4

Chiarotti, Marcello. "Overview on extraction procedures." Forensic Science International 63, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(93)90270-k.

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Tlustoš, Pavel, Jiřina Száková, Alena Stárková, and Daniela Pavlíková. "A comparison of sequential extraction procedures for fractionation of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in soil." Open Chemistry 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 830–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02475207.

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AbstractTwelve soil samples differing in physicochemical properties and total element contents were extracted by three sequential extraction procedures to determine As, Cd, Pb, and Zn bound to individual soil fractions and are defined by individual operational procedures. In the case of arsenic, two additional sequential extraction schemes were designed entirely for fractionation of soil containing arsenic were tested. The results confirmed that determination of element proportions bound to individual soil fractions is strongly dependent on the extracting agent and/or procedure applied within individual extracting schemes. As expected, absolute values of the elements released among the individual extracting procedures are weakly comparable. More reliable results were determined for the more mobile soil elements i.e. cadmium and zinc, in the fractions characterizing the most mobile proportions of investigated elements where significant correlations with basic soil characteristics were observed. In contrast, ambiguous results were observed for As and Pb, for both the individual extraction procedures and the effect of the soil characteristics. Regardless of the studied element, the poorest results were determined for reducible and oxidizable soil fractions. The application of at least two independent procedures or modification of the extraction scheme according to element investigated and/or particular soil characteristics can also be helpful in definition of element pattern in soils in further research.
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Hutt, Erika, Mohamed Diab, Oussama M. Wazni, Simrat Kaur, Khaldoun G. Tarakji, Walid I. Saliba, Mohamed Kanj, et al. "Transvenous lead extraction in patients with prior extraction procedures: Procedural profiles and outcomes." Heart Rhythm 17, no. 11 (November 2020): 1904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.042.

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7

Sidhu, Baldeep S., Justin Gould, Catey Bunce, Mark Elliott, Vishal Mehta, Charles Kennergren, Christian Butter, et al. "The effect of centre volume and procedure location on major complications and mortality from transvenous lead extraction: an ESC EHRA EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry subanalysis." EP Europace 22, no. 11 (July 20, 2020): 1718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa131.

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Abstract Aims Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) should ideally be undertaken by experienced operators in a setting that allows urgent surgical intervention. In this analysis of the ELECTRa registry, we sought to determine whether there was a significant difference in procedure complications and mortality depending on centre volume and extraction location. Methods and results Analysis of the ESC EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry was conducted. Low-volume (LoV) centres were defined as <30 procedures/year, and high-volume (HiV) centres as ≥30 procedures/year. Three thousand, two hundred, and forty-nine patients underwent TLE by a primary operator cardiologist; 17.1% in LoV centres and 82.9% in HiV centres. Procedures performed by primary operator cardiologists in LoV centres were less likely to be successful (93.5% vs. 97.1%; P < 0.0001) and more likely to be complicated by procedure-related deaths (1.1% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.0417). Transvenous lead extraction undertaken by primary operator cardiologists in LoV centres were associated with increased procedure-related major complications including death (odds ratio 1.858, 95% confidence interval 1.007–3.427; P = 0.0475). Transvenous lead extraction locations varied; 52.0% operating room, 9.5% hybrid theatre and 38.5% catheterization laboratory. Rates of procedure-related major complications, including death occurring in a high-risk environment (combining operating room and hybrid theatre), were similar to those undertaken in the catheterization laboratory (1.7% vs. 1.6%; P = 0.9297). Conclusion Primary operator cardiologists in LoV centres are more likely to have extractions complicated by procedure-related deaths. There was no significant difference in procedure complications between different extraction settings. These findings support the need for TLE to be performed in experienced centres with appropriate personnel present.
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Jacheć, Wojciech, Anna Polewczyk, Maciej Polewczyk, Andrzej Tomasik, and Andrzej Kutarski. "Transvenous Lead Extraction SAFeTY Score for Risk Stratification and Proper Patient Selection for Removal Procedures Using Mechanical Tools." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020361.

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Background: To ensure the safety and efficacy of the increasing number of transvenous lead extractions (TLEs), it is necessary to adequately assess the procedure-related risk. Methods: We analyzed potential clinical and procedural risk factors associated with 2049 TLE procedures. The TLEs were performed between 2006 and 2016 using only simple tools for lead extraction. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a risk prediction scoring system for TLEs. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the sum of lead dwell times, anemia, female gender, the number of procedures preceding TLE, and removal of leads implanted in patients under the age of 30 had a significant influence on the occurrence of major complications during a TLE. This information served as a basis for developing a predictive SAFeTY TLE score, where: S = sum of lead dwell times, A = anemia, Fe = female, T = treatment (previous procedures), Y = young patients, and TLE = transvenous lead extraction. In order to facilitate the use of the SAFeTY TLE Score, a simple calculator was constructed. Conclusion: The SAFeTY TLE score is easy to calculate and predicts the potential occurrence of procedure-related major complications. High-risk patients (scoring more than 10 on the SAFeTY TLE scale) must be treated at high-volume centers with surgical backup.
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Benassi, Laura, Ivano Alessandri, and Irene Vassalini. "Assessing Green Methods for Pectin Extraction from Waste Orange Peels." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061766.

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In this work, we assess three different methods for the extraction of pectin from waste orange peels, using water as extracting solvent. “Hot-water”, Rapid Solid Liquid Dynamic (RSLD) and microwave-assisted extractions have been compared and evaluated in terms of amount and quality of extracted pectin, as well as embodied energy. This analysis provides useful guidelines for pectin production from food waste according to green procedures, enabling the identification of acidic “hot-water” as the most sustainable extraction route.
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Shen, Ye, Ming Zhu, Ming Yue Zhai, Gang Lv, Tan Li, and Xin Sun. "Effect of Procedure Parameters on the Antioxidant Property of Perilla Frutescens Leave Extracts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5259.

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The aim of this study was to determine the procedure parameters, including drying, extracting and pH on the antioxidant activity and antioxidative compounds in Perilla frutescens leaves. The extraction of antioxidants from Perilla frutescens leaves is studied considering different drying and extracting procedures to investigate the selectivity of the process. The radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the determination of the total phenolic content are applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity and antioxidative compounds of the Perilla frutescens leave extracts. The highest antioxidant activity is observed for the extract obtained by freeze drying, extracting by ultrasound with 80% methanol adjusted at pH 4.The antioxidant compound extraction yield was also the highest at these extraction conditions. The total phenol contents among the Perilla frutescens leave extracts produced by different drying procedures were similar, while the antioxidant activities were different This concluding that the amount of phenolic compounds extracted was similar but the type and probable structure of the phenolic changed during heat-drying procedure providing in this way. Our study showed that proper process technology could ultimately extract compounds potentially effective against diseases related to free radical oxidation.
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11

Valkenburg, Cornelius A., William D. Munslow, and Larry C. Butler. "Evaluation of Modifications to Extraction Procedures Used in Analysis of Environmental Samples from Superfund Sites." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.602.

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Abstract Recoveries from an aqueous sample of the semi-volatile analytes listed on the EPA Target Compound List (TCL) are compared using 6 different methylene chloride extraction procedures. Four experimental designs incorporating a continuous extraction apparatus are evaluated, and 2 experimental designs using separatory funnel methods are tested. In addition, 2 concentration procedures are compared, and the loss of analytes associated with both extraction and concentration procedures are determined. These studies indicate that the most efficient and economical technique for the extraction of these compounds from an aqueous matrix is a single continuous extraction procedure performed at pH 2.
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Hill, Roger, Brian Taylor, Tony Kay, and Ian McKellar. "AUTOMATION OF ROUTINE SOIL EXTRACTION PROCEDURES." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33, no. 15-18 (November 2002): 3371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-120014530.

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13

Epstein, Lawrence, and Melanie Maytin. "Strategies for Transvenous Lead Extraction Procedures." Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management 8, no. 5 (June 19, 2017): 2702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19102/icrm.2017.080502.

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14

Di, Wei-Li, Aban Kadva, Ovrang Djahanbakhch, and Robert Silman. "Radioimmunoassay of bound and free melatonin in plasma." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.2.304.

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Abstract We describe a nonextraction procedure, and two extraction procedures, for RIA of melatonin in human plasma. All procedures showed a diurnal rhythm of melatonin in human subjects, with interindividual differences greater than interprocedure differences. However, further investigations demonstrated considerable variability of recovery in the nonextraction procedure, suggesting a variability of binding proteins between samples. Combining recovery and dialysis experiments in the extraction procedures, we demonstrated that chloroform was unable to extract albumin-bound melatonin from a human serum albumin solution but, paradoxically, was able to extract bound and free melatonin from a plasma sample. The methanol extraction procedure extracted free and bound melatonin from all sources. These results indicate that albumin binding can substantially affect the RIA procedures. We conclude that assays should be validated against free and bound melatonin and that the two forms should be independently investigated when assessing bioactivity.
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Conyers, Mark, and Graeme Poile. "Simultaneous measurement of exchangeable Al and other cations in acidic soils." Soil Research 56, no. 5 (2018): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18049.

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It is both time consuming and costly to undertake two extractions of acidic soils when there is a need to measure exchangeable Al along with the other cations. There is some evidence that, although 1 M KCl is the standard procedure for exchangeable Al, the extraction of soil with 0.1 M BaCl2 + 0.1 M NH4Cl gives similar values. It would then be possible to measure all cations from one extraction. There is also concern that the assumption of trivalence of Al does not hold true in all situations, as commonly held to be true in the literature of the 1950s to the 1970s. Two experiments were conducted: the first a simple comparison of three extraction procedures in common use in New South Wales and the second a repeated comparison of two extractions but with more detailed measurements to enable interpretation of the results. During the second experiment we also measured the charge on the extracted Al by titration. The three methods for extraction of Al gave similar results despite very different procedures with respect to physical mixing, soil–solution contact time and strength of electrolyte, indicating that the pool of exchangeable Al was operationally well defined. The average charge on KCl-extracted Al was within error of 3 moles per mole of Al, supporting the current trivalent model of Alex. The 0.1 M BaCl2 + 0.1 M NH4Cl procedure estimated Alex successfully on acid soils of low effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (<10 cmolc/kg) and so can be used for extraction of all cations. However, as ECEC increased the 0.1 M BaCl2 + 0.1 M NH4Cl extraction tended to underestimate Alex compared with KCl on soils with above ~1.5 to 2 cmolc/kg of Alex.
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Zimmerman, Amanda Jo, and David C. Weindorf. "Heavy Metal and Trace Metal Analysis in Soil by Sequential Extraction: A Review of Procedures." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/387803.

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Quantification of heavy and trace metal contamination in soil can be arduous, requiring the use of lengthy and intricate extraction procedures which may or may not give reliable results. Of the many procedures in publication, some are designed to operate within specific parameters while others are designed for more broad application. Most procedures have been modified since their inception which creates ambiguity as to which procedure is most acceptable in a given situation. For this study, the Tessier, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), Short, Galán, and Geological Society of Canada (GCS) procedures were examined to clarify benefits and limitations of each. Modifications of the Tessier, BCR, and GCS procedures were also examined. The efficacy of these procedures is addressed by looking at the soils used in each procedure, the limitations, applications, and future of sequential extraction.
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., S. M. Mehdi, M. Sarfraz ., M. Sadiq ., and G. Hassan . "Comparative Efficiency of Various Potassium Extraction Procedures." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2001): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.7.11.

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18

Liptay, A. "EXTRACTION PROCEDURES FOR OPTIMAL TOMATO SEED QUALITY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 253 (October 1989): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.253.17.

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dos Ramos, Fernando Jorge. "β2-Agonist extraction procedures for chromatographic analysis." Journal of Chromatography A 880, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00240-5.

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Hyde, Paul M. "Evaluation of Drug Extraction Procedures from Urine*." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 9, no. 6 (November 1, 1985): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/9.6.269.

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Love, Charles J. "Transesophageal Echocardiography Monitoring During Lead Extraction Procedures." JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology 1, no. 5 (October 2015): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2015.08.002.

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Trenholm,, Locksley H., Robert M. Warner, and Dan B. Prelusky. "Assessment of Extraction Procedures in the Analysis of Naturally Contaminated Grain Products for Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 4 (July 1, 1985): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.4.645.

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Abstract A comparison of 2 extraction solvent systems (acetonitrile-water, 21 + 4 and methanol-water, 1 + 1) and 3 mixing apparatus (high-speed blender, wrist-action shaker, and mechanical stirrer) was carried out for different extraction time periods. Methods were evaluated using uncontaminated corn spiked with pure deoxynivalenol (DON), fieldinoculated (Fusarium graminearum) corn, and uncontaminated and naturally infected wheat in swine diets. After sample extraction, aliquots were passed through alumina-charcoal cleanup columns, evaporated to dryness, dissolved in 8% aqueous methanol, and injected onto the liquid chromatograph. Results confirm published reports of recoveries from DON-spiked samples; however, longer extraction times (&lt; 120 min) were required for naturally contaminated samples. Use of the high-speed blender resulted in faster extractions, but in our laboratory more samples could be more conveniently extracted simultaneously with the wrist-action shaker or mechanical stirrer. Less carryover (co-extraction) of interfering contaminants was observed when acetonitrile-water was used vs methanol-water. Results emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of extraction procedures with not only spiked samples but also naturally contaminated samples to establish extraction times required for maximum deoxynivalenol recoveries.
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Pasternak, Marcin, and Jarosław Woroń. "Postextractional pain management." BÓL 21, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3422.

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Tooth extraction that is tooth removal is one of the most common surgical procedures in the dental practice. Like every surgical treatment tooth extraction is a tissue injury. Because during the procedure pain is controlled by the means of local or general anaesthesia post-procedural complaints are common, crucial, and inevitable problem. There is a varying degree of pain severity between patients depending on the level of complexity of the procedure – the pain reported after surgical extractions involving bone removal and tooth sectioning is significantly higher than in the cases of simple, uncomplicated tooth extraction. Intensity of pain is also higher in cases where the inflammation is present. In most cases the pain is acute in character and is usually localised to the extraction site, it can however affect the adjacent tooth on times. The inflammatory component together with mechanical trauma play a significant role in the etiology of postextractional pain. Alveolar osteitis, known as ‘dry socket’, is a special case of postprocedural complication with high pain intensity. The phenomenon relates to the blood clot resolution, which is the most optimal extraction wound dressing. In the paper pre-, intra- and postprocedural strategies were discussed, including general and local pharmacological actions and non-pharmacological actions including physical ones like cold compress and alternative methods like acupuncture, electroacupencture, transcutaneous nerve stimulation or conditioned pain modulation. Furthermore treatment of ‘dry socket’ a painful tooth removal complication was presented.
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Madhuluxmi, Madhuluxmi. "The link between gender and post-extraction complications of teeth." Bioinformation 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300161128.

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Extraction of teeth is a common procedure in dentistry. Recalling patients for monitoring wound healing is a concern in surgical procedures. It allows foreseeing signs or/and symptoms possibly related to surgical complications. Therefore, it is of interest to document the link between gender and complications in post extraction. The null hypothesis was age and gender had no impact on post dental extraction. We used patient records at Saveetha Dental College, India for this study. The overall follow-up rate post-extraction is less compared to known literature. Data shows that males outnumbered the females and those “above 40 years” than “below 40 years” in follow-up. Thus, we report that factors such as gender, age and the presence of a post-operative complication play a key role in determining whether a patient reports back for follow-up after routine extractions.
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Madhuluxmi, Madhuluxmi. "The link between gender and post-extraction complications of teeth." Bioinformation 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300161128.

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Extraction of teeth is a common procedure in dentistry. Recalling patients for monitoring wound healing is a concern in surgical procedures. It allows foreseeing signs or/and symptoms possibly related to surgical complications. Therefore, it is of interest to document the link between gender and complications in post extraction. The null hypothesis was age and gender had no impact on post dental extraction. We used patient records at Saveetha Dental College, India for this study. The overall follow-up rate post-extraction is less compared to known literature. Data shows that males outnumbered the females and those “above 40 years” than “below 40 years” in follow-up. Thus, we report that factors such as gender, age and the presence of a post-operative complication play a key role in determining whether a patient reports back for follow-up after routine extractions.
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Kumerički, K., and D. Mueller. "Fitting Procedures for DVCS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 37 (January 2015): 1560042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194515600423.

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Several approaches to extraction of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) from Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) data are presented. In particular, local model-independent fits are compared to neural network approach.
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Hutapea, Tri Paus Hasiholan, Rukisah, Muliyadi, Kartika A. Madurani, Suprapto, and Fredy Kurniawan. "Chemistry and Physic Characterization of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Gelatin from Tarakan, North Borneo, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 153 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015301012.

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Gelatin of milkfish (Chanos chanos) from Tarakan, North Borneo, Indonesia has been extracted successfully. The gelatin was extracted from the milkfish bone. In prior to extracting, the bone was cleaned with demineralized water and then dried at room temperature. The extraction process was done in several procedures. The first procedure has immersed the bone in 0.1 M NaOH for 48 hours. After that, it was washed until it reached neutral conditions and continued with immersing it in 0.1 M HCl for 72 hours and then washed it to get the neutral condition. The next procedure is the extraction process. It was using water solvents with a ratio of milkfish bone and water is 1: 3. The extraction process was carried out at 55ºC for 4 hours. The obtained gelatin was characterized. The results showed that moisture content 6.39%; ash content 1.92%; pH 6.1; viscosity 5.39 cP; and color 75 PtCo. This result was proved that the gelatin extraction successful.
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Anurukvorakun, Oraphan. "Green Extraction Technique: Subcritical Water Extraction." World Journal of Environmental Research 6, no. 1 (July 23, 2016): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v6i1.871.

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An environmental kindly technique, subcritical water extraction (SWE) are based on using water as extraction solvent at temperatures between 100 °C and 374 °C. Increasing the temperature at moderate pressure also reduces the surface tension and viscosity of water causes the polarity of subcritical water is comparable to organic solvents. Therefore, the subcritical water could be improved the competency for the extraction. The aim of this work was to study the flavonoid content of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) using different extraction procedures (SWE and the traditional extraction or ethanolic extraction). The results revealed that quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, was a major component in both extraction procedures. The use of SWE provided higher quercetin content and antioxidant activity. Quercetin content by SWE and traditional extraction were 45.92 mg/ml and 39.94 mg/ml, respectively. The EC50 (Effective Concentration, 50%) of SWE and traditional extraction were 496 and 555.67 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, this work demonstrated that the traditional time-consuming techniques for 12 hours of the extraction of flavonoids could be substituted for the SWE technique within 1 hour. Consequently, the capability of SWE technique was elaborately evaluated and revealed on this work. Keywords: Subcritical water; Emilia sonchifolia (L.)
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Starck, Christoph T., Elkin Gonzalez, Omar Al-Razzo, Patrizio Mazzone, Peter-Paul Delnoy, Alexander Breitenstein, Jan Steffel, et al. "Results of the Patient-Related Outcomes of Mechanical lead Extraction Techniques (PROMET) study: a multicentre retrospective study on advanced mechanical lead extraction techniques." EP Europace 22, no. 7 (May 23, 2020): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa103.

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Abstract Aims Several large studies have documented the outcome of transvenous lead extraction (TLE), focusing on laser and mechanical methods. To date there has been no large series addressing the results obtained with rotational lead extraction tools. This retrospective multicentre study was designed to investigate the outcomes of mechanical and rotational techniques. Methods and results Data were collected on a total of 2205 patients (age 66.0 ± 15.7 years) with 3849 leads targeted for extraction in six European lead extraction centres. The commonest indication was infection (46%). The targeted leads included 2879 pacemaker leads (74.8%), 949 implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads (24.6%), and 21 leads for which details were unknown; 46.6% of leads were passive fixation leads. The median lead dwell time was 74 months [interquartile range (IQR) 41–112]. Clinical success was obtained in 97.0% of procedures, and complete extraction was achieved for 96.5% of leads. Major complications occurred in 22/2205 procedures (1%), with a peri-operative or procedure-related mortality rate of 4/2205 (0.18%). Minor complications occurred in 3.1% of procedures. A total of 1552 leads (in 992 patients) with a median dwell time of 106 months (IQR 66–145) were extracted using the Evolution rotational TLE tool. In this subgroup, complete success was obtained for 95.2% of leads with a procedural mortality rate of 0.4%. Conclusion Patient outcomes in the PROMET study compare favourably with other large TLE trials, underlining the capability of rotational TLE tools and techniques to match laser methods in efficacy and surpass them in safety.
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He, Q., Y. Ren, I. Mohamed, M. Ali, W. Hassan, and F. Zeng. "Assessment of trace and heavy metal distribution by four sequential extraction procedures in a contaminated soil." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2012-swr.

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Four sequential extraction procedures (Sposito, Tessier, Silveira and Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR)) were used to evaluate the distribution of some metals (Fe, Cu, Cd and Zn) in a contaminated soil around a mining area. The results showed that Fe and Zn were mainly recovered in the recalcitrant soil fractions, while Cd was primarily localized in the exchangeable fraction. Soil Cu was highly associated with organic matter fraction. The amorphous Fe fraction in Silveira could be recognized as part of the Fe-Mn oxide fraction in Tessier and BCR procedures, while the crystalline Fe oxide fraction was classified into the residual fraction in Sposito, BCR and Tessier schemes. Although the same reagent was used to extract target fraction, less carbonate-bound Cu, Cu and Zn were extracted in Tessier procedure as compared to Silveira method, while Tessier scheme yielded a higher proportion of Fe, Cu and Zn in the Fe-Mn oxide fraction than BCR method. Due to the lack of uniformity of experimental conditions and the differences in extraction reagents, the extraction efficiency of metal species varied with the sequential extraction schemes. Therefore, care should be taken when comparing the results obtained by different sequential extraction procedures.
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Menu, Estelle, Jordi Landier, Elsa Prudent, Stéphane Ranque, and Coralie L’Ollivier. "Evaluation of 11 DNA Automated Extraction Protocols for the Detection of the 5 Mains Candida Species from Artificially Spiked Blood." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030228.

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The molecular detection of Candida plays an important role in the diagnosis of candidaemia, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The sensitivity of this diagnosis is partly related to the efficiency of yeast DNA extraction. In this monocentric study, we investigated the suitability of 11 recent automated procedures for the extraction of low and high amounts of Candida DNA from spiked blood. The efficacy of the DNA extraction procedures to detect Candida spp. in blood samples ranged from 31.4% to 80.6%. The NucliSENSTM easyMAGTM procedure was the most efficient, for each species and each inoculum. It significantly outperformed the other procedures at the lower Candida inocula mimicking the clinical setting. This study highlighted a heterogeneity in DNA extraction efficacy between the five main Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei). Up to five automated procedures were appropriate for C. krusei DNA extraction, whereas only one method yielded an appropriate detection of low amount of C. tropicalis. In the era of the syndromic approach to bloodstream infection diagnosis, this evaluation of 11 automated DNA extraction methods for the PCR diagnosis of candidaemia, puts the choice of an appropriate method in routine diagnosis within the reach of laboratories.
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Deem, Jodelle F., Walter H. Manning, Joseph V. Knack, and Joseph S. Matesich. "The Automatic Extraction of Pitch Perturbation Using Microcomputers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 3 (September 1989): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3203.689.

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A program for the automatic extraction of jitter (PAEJ) was developed for the clinical measurement of pitch perturbations using a microcomputer. The program currently includes 12 implementations of an algorithm for marking the boundary criteria for a fundamental period of vocal fold vibration. The relative sensitivity of these extraction procedures for identifying the pitch period was compared using sine waves. Data obtained to date provide information for each procedure concerning the effects of waveform peakedness and slope, sample duration in cycles, noise level of the analysis system with both direct and tape recorded input, and the influence of interpolation. Zero crossing extraction procedures provided lower jitter values regardless of sine wave frequency or sample duration. The procedures making use of positive- or negative-going zero crossings with interpolation provided the lowest measures of jitter with the sine wave stimuli. Pilot data obtained with normal-speaking adults indicated that jitter measures varied as a function of the speaker, vowel, and sample duration.
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Stanišić, Svetlana, Ljubiša Ignjatović, Dragan Manojlović, and Biljana Dojčinović. "The comparison of sample extraction procedures for the determination of cations in soil by IC and ICP-AES." Open Chemistry 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0031-9.

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AbstractThis paper presents the extraction of cations from a soil sample, type ranker on serpentinite, in deionized water, by use of three different extraction techniques. The first extraction technique included the use of a rotary mixer, the second technique involved the use of a microwave digestion system with different extraction temperatures, and the third technique employed an ultrasonic bath with different extraction times. Ion chromatography was used for determining the concentration of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg and ammonium ions in soil extracts with subsequent determination of concentrations for all cations, except for ammonium ion extraction, conducted by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The results of cation extractions showed that microwave assisted extraction was most efficient for the Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb and ammonium ions. Use of a rotary mixer for extraction was most efficient for Cd and Zn ions, while use of ultrasound bath was most efficient for Cr, Cu, Fe and Al ions. Several times higher amount of cations extracted by the most efficient, compared to the second best technique, under optimal conditions, were noticed in the case of: Ca, Mg, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and Zn ions.
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Tzanova, Milena, Vasil Atanasov, Zvezdelina Yaneva, Donika Ivanova, and Toncho Dinev. "Selectivity of Current Extraction Techniques for Flavonoids from Plant Materials." Processes 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101222.

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Flavonoids have a broad spectrum of established positive effects on human and animal health. They find an application in medicine for disease therapy and chemoprevention, whence the interest in flavonoids increases. In addition, they are used in food and cosmetic industries as pigments and biopreservatives. Plants are an inexhaustible source of flavonoids. The most important step of plant raw material processing is extraction and isolation of target compounds. The quality of an extract and efficiency of a procedure are influenced by several factors: Plant material and pre-extracting sample preparation, type of solvent, extraction technique, physicochemical conditions, etc. The present overview discusses the common problems and key challenges of the extraction procedures and the different mechanisms for selective extraction of flavonoids from different plant sources. In summary, there is no universal extraction method and each optimized procedure is individual for the respective plants. For an extraction technique to be selective, it must combine an optimal solvent or mixture of solvents with an appropriate technique. Last but not least, its optimization is important for a variety of applications. Moreover, when the selected method needs to be standardized, it must achieve acceptable degree of repeatability and reproducibility.
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Singh Gill, Amrik, Hana Morrissey, and Ayesha Rahman. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dental Implants and Extraction Procedures." Medicina 54, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060095.

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Background and objectives: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in extraction and implant dentistry is still controversial, with varying opinions regarding their necessity. The overuse of antibiotics has led to widespread antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multi drug resistant strains of bacteria. The main aim of this work was to determine whether there is a genuine need for antibiotic prophylaxis in two common dental procedures; dental implants and tooth extractions. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted across databases such as Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, the UK National Health Service, Centre for reviews, Science Direct, PubMed and the British Dental Journal to identify clinical trials of either dental implants or tooth extractions, whereby the independent variable was systemic prophylactic antibiotics used as part of treatment in order to prevent postoperative complications such as implant failure or infection. Primary outcomes of interest were implant failure, and postoperative infections which include systemic bacteraemia and localised infections. The secondary outcome of interest was adverse events due to antibiotics. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess the risk of bias, extract outcomes of interest and to identify studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results: Seven randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the final review comprising n = 1368 patients requiring either tooth extraction(s) or dental implant(s). No statistically significant evidence was found to support the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risk of implant failure (p = 0.09, RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.16–1.14) or post-operative complications (p = 0.47, RR: 0.74; 95% CI 0.34–1.65) under normal conditions. Approximately 33 patients undergoing dental implant surgery need to receive antibiotics in order to prevent one implant failure from occurring. Conclusions: There is little conclusive evidence to suggest the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis for third molar extractive surgery in healthy young adults. There was no statistical evidence for adverse events experienced for antibiotics vs. placebo. Based on our analysis, even if financially feasible, clinicians must carefully consider the appropriate use of antibiotics in dental implants and extraction procedures due to the risk of allergic reactions and the development of microbial drug resistance.
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Patel, Krishna, Huw G. Jeremiah, and Andrew Barber. "Update on tooth notation, guidelines for extraction and a new technique for extractions: intra-oral dental marking." Dental Update 47, no. 11 (December 2, 2020): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.11.951.

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Effective communication is required when referring patients for extractions and surgical procedures. There are multiple notation systems used for the identification of teeth, making communication for dental extractions challenging. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the methods available to identify teeth and to propose a novel technique to identify erupted teeth for extraction. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be aware of the importance of effective communication when identifying teeth planned for extraction and using a method that will minimize the chances of wrong tooth extraction.
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Pawliszyn, Janusz. "2000 Maxxam Award Lecture Unified theory of extraction." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-168.

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The sample preparation step in an analytical process typically consists of extraction of components of interest from a sample matrix. This procedure can vary in degree of selectivity, speed, and convenience depending on the approach and conditions used as well as on geometric configurations of the extraction phase and conditions. Optimization of this process aids enhancement in performance of the overall analysis. Proper design of the extraction devices and procedures facilitates rapid and convenient on-site implementation, coupling to separation–quantification, and (or) automation. The key to rational choice, optimization, and design is an understanding of fundamental principles governing mass transfer of analytes in multiphase systems. There is a tendency to divide extraction techniques according to random criteria. In this article, common principles among different extraction techniques are emphasized and a unified approach based on convolution of mathematical functions describing individual steps is presented. This approach considers gas, solvent, liquid polymer, and solid surfaces as extraction phases and air, water, and solids as sample matrices. The parameters that affect the kinetics of extraction techniques are emphasized resulting in new calibration strategies and novel geometric designs.Key words: separations, extractions, microextractions, mass transfer, multiphase equilibria.
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Minnich, Marti M., John H. Zimmerman, and Brian A. Schumacher. "Extraction Methods for Recovery of Volatile Organic Compounds from Fortified Dry Soils." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.5.1198.

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Abstract Recovery of 8 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from dry soils, each fortified at 800 ng/g soil, was studied in relation to the extraction method and time of extraction. Extraction procedures studied on 2 desiccator-dried soils were modifications of EPA low- and high-level purge-and-trap extractions (SW-846 Method 5030A): treatment 1, unmodified low-level procedure; treatment 2,18 h water presoak followed by low-level procedure; treatment 3, 24 h methanol extract at room temperature followed by high-level procedure; and treatment 4, 24 h methanol extract at 65°C followed by highlevel procedure. VOC recoveries from replicate soil samples increased in the treatment order 1 through 4. With Charleston soil (8% clay and 3.8% organic carbon), highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) in recoveries among treatments were observed for trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, with 2- to 3- fold increased recoveries between treatments 1 and 3. With Hayesville soil (32% clay and 0.2% organic carbon), significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in recoveries of toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, TCE, and PCE were observed for heated methanol (treatment 4) rather than water extraction (treatment 1), but the increases were less than 2-fold.
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39

Bray, James R., and Dennis W. McMasters. "Pteridophyte Protein Extraction Procedures in Utilizing SDS-PAGE." American Fern Journal 84, no. 4 (October 1994): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1547714.

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40

Yang Farina, Pauzi Bin Abdullah, and Nusrat Bibi. "Extraction Procedures in Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pesticides." Журнал аналитической химии 71, no. 4 (2016): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0044450216040095.

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41

Piet Franke, Jan, and Rokus A. de Zeeuw. "Solid-phase extraction procedures in systematic toxicological analysis." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 713, no. 1 (August 1998): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00536-7.

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42

Brown, Andrew M. G., Kenneth C. Lowe, Michael R. Davey, J. Brian Power, David W. Knight, and Stan Heptinstall. "Comparison of Extraction Procedures for Parthenolide inTanacetum parthenium." Phytochemical Analysis 7, no. 2 (March 1996): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1565(199603)7:2<86::aid-pca287>3.0.co;2-n.

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43

Farina, Yang, Pauzi Bin Abdullah, and Nusrat Bibi. "Extraction procedures in gas chromatographic determination of pesticides." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 71, no. 4 (April 2016): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934816040092.

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44

Gregor, J. E., and H. K. J. Powell. "Effects of extraction procedures on fulvic acid properties." Science of The Total Environment 62 (January 1987): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90476-1.

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45

Sushma, K., Jayaprasad Shetty, Vijayendra Pandey, Somnath Mukherjee, and Santosh Kumar. "Dental Extractions in Patients on Antiplatelet Therapy: A Clinical Study." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 03, no. 01 (June 2017): 034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10053-0035.

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AbstractCardiovascular diseases cause highest mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of preventive and maintenance antiplatelet therapy has, to a certain extent, contributed to this decline. With millions of health-conscious people using anti-platelet drugs, dental practitioners are frequently confronted with clinical situations wherein a decision has to be made about patient management, in view of the medical history. The aim of this study is to assess the need to stop aspirin before minor oral surgical procedures, including simple and surgical extractions and to discuss the various measures implemented for controlling the bleeding postoperatively. This study analyzes the association of increased bleeding during and after tooth extraction or any other minor oral surgical procedures with patients on antiplatelet therapy. The aim of this study is to assess the need to stop aspirin before minor oral surgical procedures, including simple and surgical extractions, and to discuss the various measures implemented for controlling the bleeding postoperatively. The objectives of the study are to analyze association of increased bleeding during and after tooth extraction or any other minor oral surgical procedures with patients on antiplatelet therapy.
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Yagyuu, Takahiro, Mao Kawakami, Yoshihiro Ueyama, Mitsuhiko Imada, Miyako Kurihara, Yumiko Matsusue, Yuichiro Imai, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, and Tadaaki Kirita. "Risks of postextraction bleeding after receiving direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e015952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015952.

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ObjectiveThe effect of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on the risk of bleeding after tooth extraction remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of postextraction bleeding among patients who received DOAC and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), such as warfarin.DesignThis study was a retrospective cohort analysis. Incidence rates and propensity score-matched regression models were used to compare the risks of bleeding after tooth extractions involving DOACs and VKAs.SettingThe study took place in a single university hospital in Japan.ParticipantsBetween April 2013 and April 2015, 543 patients underwent a total of 1196 simple tooth extractions.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was the occurrence of postextraction bleeding, which was defined as bleeding that could not be stopped by biting down on gauze and required medical treatment between 30 min and 7 days after the extraction.ResultsA total of 1196 tooth extractions (634 procedures) in 541 patients fulfilled the study criteria, with 72 extractions (41 procedures) involving DOACs, 100 extractions (50 procedures) involving VKAs and 1024 extractions (543 procedures) involving no anticoagulants. The incidences of postextraction bleeding per tooth for the DOAC, VKA and no anticoagulant extractions were 10.4%, 12.0% and 0.9%, respectively. The incidences of postextraction bleeding per procedure for DOACs, VKAs and no anticoagulants were 9.7%, 10.0% and 1.1%, respectively. In comparison to the VKA extractions, the DOAC extractions did not significantly increase the risk of postextraction bleeding (OR 0.69, 95% CIs 0.24 to 1.97; p=0.49).ConclusionsThe risk of postextraction bleeding was similar for DOAC and VKA extractions.
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Dwi Riski Saputra. "Minor Oral Surgery and Dental Extraction Procedures Management of Patients with Antithrombotic Drugs Administration." Dentika Dental Journal 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v23i1.3238.

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Patients who are undergoing antithrombotic drugs therapy whether it was alone or in combination can increase the bleeding complications after performed minor oral surgery or tooth extraction. If the termination of using antithrombotic drugs to prevent bleeding isn’t right, it’ll trigger thrombosis. Therefore appropriate consideration is needed in the management of patients undergoing antithrombotic drug therapy that requires minor oral surgery or dental extraction. The purpose of this literature review is to examine management of minor oral surgery and dental extraction procedure in patients with antithrombotic drugs. Management of minor oral surgical procedures and tooth extraction in patients using antithrombotic drugs must be adjusted to the type of antithrombotic drugs used by the patient. Patients who use antithrombotic drugs are advised to undergo minor oral surgery or tooth extraction treatment in the morning or on weekends. Local hemostatic agent has been shown to be effective to stop bleeding locally on minor oral surgical procedure or tooth extraction in patients undergoing antithrombotic drug therapy alone or in combination.
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Tasic, Aleksandra, Ivana Sredovic-Ignjatovic, Ljubisa Ignjatovic, Marija Ilic, and Malisa Antic. "Comparison of sequential and single extraction in order to estimate environmental impact of metals from fly ash." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 9 (2016): 1081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160307038t.

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The aim of this paper was to simulate leaching of metals from fly ash in different environmental conditions using ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction techniques. Single-agent extraction and sequential extraction procedures were used to determine the levels of different metals leaching. The concentration of metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Be) in fly ash extracts were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Single-agent extractions of metals were conducted during sonication times of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min. Single-agent extraction with deionized water was also undertaken by exposing samples to microwave radiation at the temperature of 50?C. The sequential extraction was undertaken according to the BCR procedure which was modified and applied to study the partitioning of metals in coal fly ash. The microwave-assisted sequential extraction was performed at different extraction temperatures: 50, 100 and 150?C. The partitioning of metals between the individual fractions was investigated and discussed. The efficiency of the extraction process for each step was examined. In addition, the results of the microwave-assisted sequential extraction are compared to the results obtained by standard ASTM method. The mobility of most elements contained in fly ash is markedly pH sensitive.
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van Erp, P. J., V. J. G. Houba, J. A. Reijneveld, and M. L. Van Beusichem. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNESIUM EXTRACTED BY 0.01 M CALCIUM CHLORIDE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE AND CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURES." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 32, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2001): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-100102989.

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50

Jeffus, Marshall T., and James G. Stewart. "Formulas for Calculation of Extraction Volumes for Commonly Used Pesticide Residue Extraction Procedures." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 3 (May 1, 1985): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.3.437.

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Abstract Formulas are presented for the calculation of extraction volume for pesticide residue procedures that use a single extraction with acetone, acetonitrile, or methanol, with or without prior dilution of these solvents with water. These formulas account for the volume change on mixing and for the volume contribution from the soluble sugars sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Results using these formulas are in agreement with the observed volumes of such mixtures within 0.3% throughout the following ranges, expressed as percent water in the mixtures: 15- 38% for acetone, 4.8-59% for acetonitrile, and 9.3-33% for methanol
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