Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extraction végétale'
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Poirot, Rachel. "Méthodologie pour le passage en continu d'extraction de solute à partir de matière végétale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7664/1/poirot.pdf.
Full textKiriamiti, Kirimi Henry. "Extraction de pyréthrines par le CO2 liquide et supercritique." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT013G.
Full textLi, Ying. "Les huiles végétales comme solvants alternatifs pour l’éco-extraction des produits naturels." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0254.
Full textThe green extraction has arisen as a new trend in the valorisation of natural resources. As the growing concern on thesafety, health and environment, vegetable oils as alternative solvents have drawn great interests in the green extractionof bioactive compounds from nature plants. Apart from lipophilic carotenoids in this work., compounds with more polarproperties have been initially studied.Firstly, the solubility of major volatile aroma compounds in various vegetable oils was originally investigated through atheoretical modelling of their Hansen solubility parameters, followed by real experimental extractions for verification.Multivariate statistical analyses assisted to classify the solvent power of these oil solvents so as to select the optimal oil.Secondly, the revisit of polar paradox theory inspired us to achieve direct extraction of phenolic compounds usingvegetable oils as solvents. The appropriate addition of surfactants could significantly increase the extraction efficiency.The small angle X-ray scatting helped to further study the effect of surfactants on the supramolecular structure of thevegetable oils. Lastly, the extraction of carotenoids was intensified with the integration of ultrasounds and sunflower oilas the substitute to organic solvents, in which the optimized procedure has been compared with the conventional organicsolvent extraction in terms of procedures, kinetics, yields and environmental impacts
Sicaire, Anne-Gaëlle. "Solvants alternatifs et techniques innovantes pour l'éco-extraction des huiles végétales à partir de graines oléagineuses." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0260.
Full textIn recent years, the growing interest in environmental considerations and process safety raises the issue of the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane, but also the amount of energy invested in the process of oilseed crushing. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research and development of green extraction processes of vegetable oil from oil seeds through innovative technologies (ultrasonic and microwave) and alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment. The first part of this manuscript describes the optimization with ultrasound of the extraction process, using hexane, of oil from rapeseed cake. Although ultrasound have a positive impact on extraction yield, extraction time and solvent consumption, the use of hexane remains questionable. In the second part, substituting hexane by "green" alternative solvents has been considered. A first experimental approach was supplemented by a predictive approach through the use of decision tools: Hansen solubility parameters and COSMO-RS model. This led to the selection of a solvent, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, for conducting a comprehensive study from laboratory to pilot scale. In a third and final part, the combination of alternative solvents with an innovative technology, microwaves, for the extraction of oil from rapeseed cake was investigated. This study highlighted the benefit of microwaves in the case of a selective heating between biomass and solvent
Hernandez, Ochoa Leon Raul. "Substitution de solvants et matières actives de synthèse par un combiné «solvant/actif » d'origine végétale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7399/1/hernandez_ochoa.pdf.
Full textBen, Amor Bouthaina. "Maîtrise de l'aptitude technologique de la matière végétale dans les opérations d'extraction de principes actifs : texturation par détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC)." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399131.
Full textLefebvre, Thibault. "Production d'extraits non colorés de plantes enrichis en composés bioactifs. Investigation des techniques d’extraction modernes (US, MO, SFE, PLE)." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3062.
Full textIn the field of cosmetics, many raw materials are used and natural extracts from plants represent a large part of them. Plant extracts can have different activities: antioxidants, anti-aging ... However, their color mainly due to pigments can be an obstacle to their use because they can have stability problems. Their degradation results in a change of color which may be incompatible with their formulation.The objective of the thesis is to find selective conditions in order to extract compounds of interest without pigments (mainly chlorophylls).Initially, a study of the stability of chlorophylls allowed identification of extraction and storage conditions in order to identify and quantify native chlorophylls and their degradation products according to the different operating approaches. This made it possible to identify extraction and storage conditions limiting their degradation. Secondly, modeling was carried out, mainly by supercritical chromatography, to determine selective extraction conditions, with supercritical fluids, of antioxidant molecules (carnosic and rosmarinic acids) on the one hand and chlorophyll pigments on the other hand from rosemary, without the need for numerous extraction experiments. Finally, a sequential supercritical CO2 extraction using conditions determined by the previous model was developed. An online extraction/chromatography system was developed to support this development through extraction kinetics studies. This extraction allowed the realization of four fractions respectively rich in carotenoids, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and chlorophylls
El, khawand Toni. "Extraction et hémisynthèse de stilbènes de la vigne et du vin pour une application en santé humaine et végétale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0402.
Full textStilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity
Cablé, Pierre-Alann. "Étude de solvants à eutectique profond pour l'extraction de molécules à haute-valeur ajoutée issues de la biomasse ligno-cellulosique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0298.
Full textLignocellulosic biomass (wood, wastes, algae etc.) is one of the most important renewable carbon sources. Its valorisation into fuels, chemicals and materials can lead to climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, scientific challenges remain unravelled for efficient biomass valorisation in biorefineries. A new family of sustainable solvent, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising option for biorefineries development: 1) High-added value compounds extraction after thermochemical conversion (HydroThermal Liquefaction, HTL) 2) Ligno-cellulosic biomass pre-treatment (delignification process). This work shows the efficiency of DESs to extract phenolic compounds (PCs) from various media using liquid-liquid extraction. Quantum chemistry calculation show that PCs have a stronger affinity with DESs than water. These results agree well with experimental study while DESs allow to extract more than 80 % of PCs from model oil. Moreover, DESs show higher efficiency in comparison with ionic liquid(5 times) and similar efficiency than conventional solvents used in liquid-liquid extraction. Nevertheless, DES appear to be ineffective for the PCs extraction from liquid products of beechwood hydrothermal conversion. Nonetheless, the used of acid-DESs such as Choline chloride: oxalic acid for biomass pre-treatment seems to be a promising application. 50 %wt delignification yield has been obtained during beechwood pre-treatment. A selective cleavage of lignin and hemicelluloses without affecting cellulose and with ether linkages preservation. This successful separation allows the valorisation of each component of biomass
Vieytez, Maria. "Nouveaux actifs cosmétiques issus d'extraits végétaux : caractérisation phytochimique, propriétés physicochimiques et activités biologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5068.
Full textThe trend towards natural products and the growing consumer demand for greater efficacy of skincare products have made developing new natural active ingredients a top priority for cosmetics manufacturers. This work, conducted in collaboration with Shiseido's Europe Innovation Center, the Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) from Centrale Lille Institut, and the Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), focuses on the development of bioinspired active ingredients derived from French plants. A plant selection methodology was implemented taking into account compliance with international regulatory frameworks, local sourcing in France, and the innovation potential of each plant. From an initial list of 1,614 candidate plants, 19 were sourced and thoroughly studied, through extraction and analysis of their phytochemical profiles and in vitro biological activities. Chemical assays, such as DPPH, and enzymatic assays, such as anti-lipoxygenase, were used to assess the biological activities and accordingly the cosmetic potential of each extract. Two plants emerged as particularly distinctive and innovative due to their underexplored biological activities and/or unidentified compounds responsible for these effects. The impact of the extracts on the gene expression of normal human epidermal keratinocytes confirmed their cosmetic application potential. Additionally, physicochemical characterization techniques, such as surface tension measurement and antioxidant capacity assessment, enriched this study. Some of the bioactive compounds present in these two plants were detected and identified using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including HPLC, HPTLC, GC, and HRMS. Given its potential, the most promising plant among the two underwent an in-depth phytochemical study through guided fractionation, allowing for the isolation and identification of active compounds such as ellagitannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Finally, to establish a reliable and scalable production method for the root extract of this plant, a feasibility study was conducted in collaboration with Futura Gaia, utilizing a rotating geophonic system. The cultivation conditions were optimized based on bioinspiration principles, leading to a protocol that ensures local and repeatable sourcing of roots. This study notably resulted in an extract with an extraction yield twice as high, while maintaining the quality of the plant, with an unchanged phytochemical profile and biological activities compared to a horizontally cultivated control
Burlot, Anne-Sophie. "Valorisation des métabolites d'algues proliférantes par voie enzymatique : applications dans les domaines de la nutrition et santé animale, végétale et humaine, de la cosmétique et de l'environnement." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS428/document.
Full textThese last decades, Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales), a red and proliferative macroalga appears every year in south of Brittany on the peninsula of Rhuys. It is a question of removing more than 2 000 tons of red seaweeds, mainly composed of S. chordalis. These proliferations represent a true ecological problem and an economic constraint for the affected communities. This project aims to study S. chordalis in order to find a way to add more value to this seaweed by proposing a rational and sustainable management as well as potential applications. From October 2013 to October 2015, S. chordalis was collected monthly. Results have shown seasonal variations of the biomass on the shores, in the macro- and microscopic morphologies, in the dry matter rate and in the biochemical composition. In relation with the seasonal environmental factors, it is now possible to estimate the quantity and the biochemical composition of the seaweed and to propose potential applications. With characteristics of high catalytic efficiency, specificity, the environmental-friendly process of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction was chosen to produce water- soluble extracts with antiviral, antibacterial and immunostimulant activities. The commercial protease Alcalase improved the extraction yield with a significant gain of 30 % of the water-soluble and free compounds compared to an extraction without the action of enzymes. Almost 60 % of the dry matter of algae was liquefied and water-solubilized after the optimization of extraction parameters. Water-soluble extracts produced after the action of enzymes have shown anti- herpetic activities (EC50 from 86.0 to 145.9 µg/mL) and no cytotoxicity was detected. The immunostimulant activity was evaluated by using the pathogenicity model Caenorhabditis elegans Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The life span of infected nematods by pathogen bacteria increased after the application of water-soluble extracts from S. chordalis. Some immune genes of C. elegans were stimulated (zk6.7, spp-1, f28d1.3 and f38a1.5). Produced extracts present antiviral and immunostimulant activities that allow to anticipate applications for diverse domains
Zeitoun, Rawan. "Procédés de fractionnement de la matière végétale : application à la production des polysaccharides du son et de la paille de blé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0017/document.
Full textWheat bran and wheat straw are two by-products abundant and renewable, rich in hemicelluloses, but still not well valued. In order to extract these hemicelluloses characterized by their several interesting properties (film-forming, thickening, emulsifying, stabilizing…), a fractionation process was developed. This process consisted, after alkaline extraction, to purify the hemicellulosic extracts obtained. Two techniques were used: ultrafiltration and chromatography on anion exchange resin. The ultrafiltration allowed to concentrate the extracts and to purify them by removing in the permeate, the contaminating molecules, mostly free sugars and minerals. The main limiting factors of this stage were the extracts viscosity and the fouling of the membranes. The percolation on the resin discoloured the extracts and allowed to produce hemicellulosic powders with lighter colours and that by capturing the coloured compounds such as molecules with phenolic groups. The combination of the two techniques allowed the production of purified hemicelluloses; the purity was about 60%. The extrapolation of the process at a pilot scale using a twin-screw extruder allowed to obtain hemicelluloses with a purity of 40%
Gainche, Maël. "Etudes phytochimiques et activités anti-inflammatoires de plantes médicinales auvergnates." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC001.
Full textThe research work of this thesis, included in the Plantinauv project,aims to enhance the botanical heritage of Auvergne by identifying plants of medicinal and nutritional interest exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities, and to allow their merchandising (or that of their isolated bioactive agents) in the form of nutraceutical, cosmetic and / or veterinary products. This project involves a consortium of academic(UMR, UNH) and industrial partners from the cluster Vegepolys Valley (Greentech, Domes Pharma and Altophyto).Among the plants of the Auvergne flora, sixteen were selected to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of their extracts (chemical and biological tests). Six of them, present on different regulatory lists (nutraceutical, cosmetic, veterinary), have been the subject of phytochemical studies.The chemo-and bio-guided fractionation of L. sylvaticaand D. fullonumextracts allowed the isolation of new secondary metabolites. Four new phenanthrenes with promising anti-proliferative activities on cancer cells were isolated from L. sylvatica. The phytochemical profiles of the four other plants (P. erecta, T. angustifolia, H. stoechas, K arvensis) were also determined. Finally, the standardization of the different plant extracts was studied in order to develop new marketable ingredients
Chagnoleau, Jean-Baptiste. "Extraction de composés naturels à l'aide de solvants durables : expérience et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5023.
Full textNatural plant extracts are valuable ingredients for a wide range of applications, particularly in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries or in the perfume or food industries. But the extraction of these natural compounds remains mainly carried out using volatile organic solvents (VOCs) and processes with significant environmental impacts. In the recent context of green chemistry and eco-extraction, sustainable alternative solvents have been developed to replace VOCs. Among these solvents, biobased solvents (BioSol), deep eutectic solvents (DES) and ionic liquids (ILs) have been the subject of intense studies over the last two decades. However, current developments in plant extraction techniques are mainly based on experimental trials, which limits the number of extraction conditions and solvents that can be evaluated. To address this limitation, several modeling tools have been developed to predict solvent properties and support solvent choice. In Chapter I, the sustainability of alternative solvents will be discussed and tools to predict solvent properties will be introduced.In the context of the circular economy and waste recycling, by-products are now considered as an alternative source of natural compounds. In chapter II of this work, the valorization of rejected kiwifruit is proposed by the extraction of bioactive compounds using sustainable solvents, namely deep eutectic solvents (DES). The results show that kiwi peel extracts obtained with carboxylic acid-based DES exhibit improved antioxidant activity compared to conventional solvents.In the field of perfumery or food industries, the extraction techniques currently used have several drawbacks. In chapter III of this work, alternative techniques were studied to propose new fragrance ingredients obtained using sustainable solvents. Extracts of leaves and fruits of pink pepper (Schinus molecular L.) were obtained by solid-liquid extraction and hydrodistillation in aqueous solutions of DES or IL, while extracts of petals of Rosa centifolia were obtained by solid-liquid extraction in BioSol, DES and IL.After extraction from the plants, the natural extracts obtained are complex chemical mixtures. Certain applications requiring the use of pure compounds, several separation techniques have been developed. Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a separation technique using the two phases of a biphasic system as mobile and stationary phase to perform preparative chromatographic separations. The possibility of using sustainable solvents and in particular DES to form biphasic systems for CPC has been little studied. In Chapter IV of this work, the development of biphasic systems containing DES were investigated as potential systems for separating natural compounds. Finally, the potential of the COSMO-RS model in the design of two-phase systems for the separation of natural compounds was investigated. The results demonstrate that COSMO-RS predicts in most cases the binodal curves of biphasic systems and the partition coefficients of natural compounds with good accuracy. Thus, these results indicate that COSMO-RS can be a powerful tool in the design of separation and purification systems.Overall, this work provides insight into the potential of various sustainable solvents for the extraction and separation of natural compounds
Lohézic-Le, Dévéhat Françoise. "Evaluation de l'activité biologique de plantes tropicales et d'un remède traditionnel Benalu Teh r. Etude particulière de Scurrula ferruginea Danser (Loranthaceae) et du lichen usnea articulata (L. ) Hoffm. (Parmeliaceae)." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1A084.
Full textAgostini, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'étude de l'origine naturelle du tramadol et étude phytochimique de deux plantes alpines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV007.
Full textThis PhD. Thesis was carried out in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacognosy, including two major parts. The first part is dedicated to the phytochemical investigation of the roots of Nauclea latifolia, an African shrub largely used in traditional medicine. In 2013, tramadol, a fully synthetic drug was isolated from the roots of Nauclea latifolia. This unpreceded discovery was largely covered by media worldwide As it can be expected, the natural origin of tramadol was inevitably the subject to some discrepancies. The main goal of this project is to isolate tramadol from new samples of N. latifolia in order to perform isotopic 14C analyses to determine the natural origin of compound.The purification of the root extracts by using semi-preparative HPLC led to the isolation of two tramadol. The isotopic 14C analyses of the samples tend to show a natural origin. However, the analysis of a new sample of tramadol from a third batch is necessary to confirm/affirm its origin.The second part of this thesis was dedicated to the phytochemical study of two alpine plants in order to valorize the local flora as a source of bioactive molecules. The first plant was Helianthemum nummularium, which is a specie very present in the alimentary diet of ungulates. In order to explain the preference of ungulates for this species over-consumption, two hypotheses were evoked: 1) nutritional values of the plant, 2) consumption of the plant for self-medication. In this context, we were interested by the second hypothesis by performing a phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of the plant. The purification of the ethanolic extract allowed to obtain 8 compounds among which some were reported as potential anthelmintic agents.The second plant is Chenopodium bonus-henricus, an alpine specie popular in the local alimentary diet. The phytochemical study of the dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts led to the isolation of six molecules among which one was never described in any natural resources.Furthermore, the plants of altitude grow in drastic environmental conditions and must develop some defense mechanisms. In this context, the alpine plants extract and the pure molecules were tested on their effect on the activation pathway of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2)
De, Lopez Sophânara S. "Contribution à la définition d'une filière intégrée de valorisation des pailles de céréales : étude de l'impact d'une pré-extraction alcaline des hémicelluloses sur la production de pâte à papier." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT017G.
Full textKoné, Donatien. "Enquête ethnobotanique de six plantes médicinales maliennes : extraction, identification d’alcaloïdes - caractérisation, quantification de polyphénols : étude de leur activité antioxydante." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ014S/document.
Full textThis work concerned the documentation of the traditional uses of six Malian medicinal plants, their phytochimic study and their antioxidant activity. Ethnobotanical survey was carried out using a semi-structured questionnairefor the determination of the various medicinal uses of these plants and showed that four of these plants would be used in the treatment of malaria and the two others, in the treatment of the painful and inflammatory affections; these last would be threatened of disappearance. The phytochimic study related to on the one hand the isolation of two alkaloids from V heterophylla their structures were elucidated using 1H- and 13C-NMR techniques and others spectral techniques as kokusaginine (a1) and montrifoline (a2) and on the one hand the determination of their contents total polyphenols through a spectrophotometric method as well as a polyphenol characterization using HPLC analysis. The results of this quantification and those of the antioxydant activity determined by ABTS and DPPH tests clearly showed the biological potential of these plants and could support their use in Malian traditional medicine
Bourgin, Marc. "Étude de la décomposition de produits phytosanitaires par l'ozone : Application au traitement des semences déclassées." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16230/1/bourgin.pdf.
Full textChaabani, Emna. "Eco-extraction et valorisation des métabolites primaires et secondaires des différentes parties de Pistacia lentiscus." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0714.
Full textThe development of Green chemistry, the depletion of petroleum resources and the awareness of the risks associated to the use of petroleum solvents have led to search a new alternatives to reduce the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research of alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment for the eco-extraction of fatty acids and phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus fruits and aromas from these leaves. A first in silico approach using the COSMO-RS predictions was supplemented by an experimental approach paired with chemometrics analysis. This led to selection of four alternative solvents, MeTHF for oil extraction, EtOAc for aromas extraction, EtOH/H2O (70/30) for polyphenols and flavonoids extraction and EtOH/H2O (80/20) for anthocyanins extraction. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of MeTHF lipid extract and the antioxidant activity of aromatic and phenolic extracts of P. lentiscus were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that vegetable oil exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% the release of (nitric oxide) NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, results highlighted the richness of the fruits in antioxidants. In fact, EtOH/H2O (80/20) extract showed a good antiradical activity (IC50 = 2.39 μg/ml) comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox (IC50 = 2.56 μg / ml). In addition, the aromatic extract obtained with EtOAc showed an interesting anti-radical activity against DPPH (IC50 = 5.82 μg/ml)
Bamerni, Fanar. "Plant-based (Camelina Sativa) biodiesel manufacturing using the technology of Instant Controlled pressure Drop (DIC) : process performance and biofuel quality." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS004/document.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare the production of biodiesel from Camelina seeds using conventional methods or assisted/intensified by Instant Controlled Pressure-drop DIC. Camelina is one of the most suitable feedstocks for biodiesel production as it does not compete with food crops and/or agricultural land use. Its interest lies in its high oil content, short growing season, and great ability to enrich poor, arid or semi-arid soils. The insertion of texturing by DIC allows the intensification of both 1/ extraction of the oil followed by transesterification and 2/ a single step in-situ transesterification process. In both cases, using the response surface method (RSM), statistical analyzes have led to adequate empirical mathematical models capable of better developing experimental results, optimizing treatment parameters and better define the scaling-up. The DIC process stands out for its ability to successfully achieve the structural expansion of natural products without affecting the quality of sensitive compounds such as oils and fuels produced. The increase in the amount of oil extracted after DIC texturing of seeds was 38% and 22% for pressing and solvent extraction, respectively. In ISTE mode, DIC texturing approximately doubled FAMEs yields (98% increased yields). In addition, DIC technology is a very economical technique due to its high processing capacity, low operating time, and weak energy consumption
Cu, Jian Qin. "Extraction de compositions odorantes végétales par divers solvants organiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT011G.
Full textBertrand, Sarah. "Analyse d'images pour l'identification multi-organes d'espèces végétales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2127/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the ANR ReVeRIES, which aims to use mobile technologies to help people better understand their environment and in particular the plants that surround them. More precisely, the ReVeRIES project is based on a mobile application called Folia developed as part of the ANR ReVeS project and capable of recognising tree and shrub species based on photos of their leaves. This prototype differs from other tools in that it is able to simulate the behaviour of the botanist. In the context of the ReVeRIES project, we propose to go much further by developing new aspects: multimodal species recognition, learning through play and citizen science. The purpose of this thesis is to focus on the first of these three aspects, namelythe analysis of images of plant organs for identification.More precisely, we consider the main trees and shrubs, endemic or exotic, found in metropolitan France. The objective of this thesis is to extend the recognition algorithm by taking into account other organs in addition to the leaf. This multi-modality is indeed essential if we want the user to learn and practice the different methods of recognition for which botanists use the variety of organs (i.e. leaves, flowers, fruits and bark). The method used by Folia for leaf recognition being dedicated, because simulating the work of a botanist on the leaf, cannot be applied directly to other organs. Thus, new challenges are emerging, both in terms of image processing and data fusion.The first part of the thesis was devoted to the implementation of image processing methods for the identification of plant species. The identification of tree species from bark images was the first to be studied. The descriptors developed take into account the structure of the bark inspired from the criteria used by botanists. Fruits and flowers required a segmentation step before their description. A new segmentation method that can be used on smartphones has been developed to work in spite of the high variability of flowers and fruits. Finally, descriptors were extracted on fruits and flowers after the segmentation step. We decided not to separate flowers and fruits because we showed that a user new to botany does not always know the difference between these two organs on so-called "ornamental" trees (not fruit trees). For fruits and flowers, prediction is not only made on their species but also on their genus and family, botanical groups reflecting a similarity between these organs.The second part of the thesis deals with the combination of descriptors of the different organs: leaves, bark, fruits and flowers. In addition to basic combination methods, we propose to consider the confusion between species, as well as predictions of affiliations in botanical taxa higher than the species.Finally, an opening chapter is devoted to the processing of these images by convolutional neural networks. Indeed, Deep Learning is increasingly used in image processing, particularly for plant organs. In this context, we propose to visualize the learned convolution filters extracting information, in order to make the link between the information extracted by these networks and botanical elements
Petigny, Loïc. "L'eau dans tous ses états comme solvant alternatif pour l'éco-extraction du végétal." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0252.
Full textThe use of innovative extraction technologies is of outmost importance in the cosmetic industry. This process step is consuming large amounts of energy and materials. Furthermore, some solvents used are not benign. Some of them are from oil products. In order to better preserve the environment and human health, we must find alternatives to solvents and conventional extraction methods. To pursue this goal, we will use water as solvent and innovative technologies to create new extraction methods of natural products. The work presented in this thesis first establishes a review of extraction methods. All those methods, old as well as new ones, are specific in terms of target matrix or extracted molecules. Then, we focused on a mature extraction method: hydrodistillation. The simultaneous extraction and separation of water soluble compounds as well as volatile compounds from boldo leaves (Peumus boldus, Mol.), is undertaken with the help of microwaves. The parameters optimization leads to a pilot scale-up. The intensification and continuous mode transition of the ultrasound assisted extraction of boldo leaves is then studied. Afterwards, we studied the maturing method of surfactant addition to water. This is in order to extract hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Finally, we explored an extraction method still in R&D. This method use only water in order to extract hydrophobic compounds of sweet orange peels ( Citrus sinensis L.) with a microwave device
Petigny, Loïc. "L'eau dans tous ses états comme solvant alternatif pour l'éco-extraction du végétal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0252.
Full textThe use of innovative extraction technologies is of outmost importance in the cosmetic industry. This process step is consuming large amounts of energy and materials. Furthermore, some solvents used are not benign. Some of them are from oil products. In order to better preserve the environment and human health, we must find alternatives to solvents and conventional extraction methods. To pursue this goal, we will use water as solvent and innovative technologies to create new extraction methods of natural products. The work presented in this thesis first establishes a review of extraction methods. All those methods, old as well as new ones, are specific in terms of target matrix or extracted molecules. Then, we focused on a mature extraction method: hydrodistillation. The simultaneous extraction and separation of water soluble compounds as well as volatile compounds from boldo leaves (Peumus boldus, Mol.), is undertaken with the help of microwaves. The parameters optimization leads to a pilot scale-up. The intensification and continuous mode transition of the ultrasound assisted extraction of boldo leaves is then studied. Afterwards, we studied the maturing method of surfactant addition to water. This is in order to extract hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Finally, we explored an extraction method still in R&D. This method use only water in order to extract hydrophobic compounds of sweet orange peels ( Citrus sinensis L.) with a microwave device
Nioi, Claudia. "Extraction et protéolyse de napines de tourteau de colza : influence de l'état structural de la protéine sur la cinétique de protéolyse, la composition et les fonctionnalités des hydrolysats." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0074/document.
Full textThis work aims to study the process of enzymatic proteolysis "controlled" by the initial structural state of the substrate in order to assess its influence on the proteolysis kinetics as well as the physico-chemical properties and associated bioactivity of released peptides. For this study, rapeseed meal napins, known for its antimicrobial activity were used as a substrate. First, a selective extraction and purification process of napines were optimized by an appropriate experimental design. The extraction and purification process initially made at laboratory scale was easily scaled-up. We showed that the operating conditions of these processes would not damage the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Moreover, we confirmed an antimicrobial activity of the obtained napins on various microorganisms (Bacillus coagulans and Fusarium langsethiae). In a second step, the study on the influence of the parameters can have an effect on the structure of the protein was performed. The objectives were to see if it was possible to place the protein under conditions of pH and temperature for a progressive breakdown in function of time, and observe any impact on the kinetics of the proteolysis of napines extracted and the nature of the released peptides. The results showed that for a couple of pH / T given the "incubation duration" becomes a key factor for the denaturation of napines. This significantly influences the kinetics of proteolysis, the mechanism of action of the protease, and therefore, the composition of mixtures released. Subsequently, the influence of hydrolysates on the growth of antibody-producing animal cells grown in serum-free medium, and foaming and emulsifying capacity, were evaluated. The initial results showed a major influence of the structural state of the substrate (via the degree of hydrolysis achievable for each of the conditions studied) on such properties. Ultimately, these studies have highlighted not only the potential for increased value of napines rapeseed meal but also, and especially, a key parameter "to control" the process of enzymatic proteolysis for production directed peptides
Nguyen, Quang Hung. "Study on bioaccumulation and integrated biorefinery of vegetable oil and essential oil of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16038/1/Nguyen_QH.pdf.
Full textBernard, Thierry. "Le concept de raffinage végétal : application à l'extraction des huiles essentielles." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT004G.
Full textDuval, Johanna. "Eco-valorisation de la plante Kniphofia uvaria : de la plante à la galénique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2045/document.
Full textNowadays, green chemistry is a great challenge. It seeks innovation in the development of eco-efficient processes. The production of natural products from renewable materials by these new environmentally friendly processes is more and more used. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to develop an eco-valuation strategy to extract, characterize, produce and impregnate natural products onto a cosmetic support using sub/supercritical fluids. Consequently, we used oleaginous plant seeds from Kniphofia uvaria as a plant model, which was selected for its interesting cosmetic properties such as antioxidant or anti-ageing. Firstly, the SFC-MS hyphenation with the APCI as an ionization source was developed to screen bioactive molecules; responsible of cosmetic properties. This coupling was performed by the hybrid combination of (U)HPLC/SFC-HRMS. Various optimizations in terms of the solvent make-up (nature and proportion), modulation with SFC and MS parameters were carried out in order to improve sensitivity and selectivity of lipid analysis. Secondly, an enrichment strategy to concentrate bioactive compounds in the final extract was developed by SFE and CPC. Thus, in SFE, experimental parameters (temperature, pressure, nature/proportion of the modifier in the CO2 fluid) were optimized while in CPC, the injection optimization was realized. Methods for the selective fractionation of anthraquinones and triglycerides were obtained in CPC and SFE. Finally, an on-line sub/supercritical extraction-impregnation process was developed to extract and for simultaneously impregnating anthraquinones onto a cosmetic silica. Development and optimization of this process was realized on a laboratory scale. Consequently, this study demonstrated the feasibility of this concept and it presents a great interest to provide natural products as a galenic form, which could be used in the cosmetic formulation
Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat. "Extraction par solvant à partir de matières végétales en colonne pulsée à disques et couronnes." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT046G.
Full textLagunez, Rivera Luicita. "Etude de l'extraction de metabolites secondaires de différentes matières végétales en réacteur chauffé par induction thermomagnétique directe." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000333/.
Full textThe extraction techniques in way general have been developed to obtain of secondary metabolites from wheat straw, madder and caraway. In the feasibility study of the extraction by direct induction was observed more difficulty in the hydrodistillation. Therefore, this perfecting method was consistent in the hydrodistillation of the essential oils. The hydrodistillation is the main method for essential oil isolation from aromatic plants. The extraction was studied using seed of caraway (carum carvi), which contain carvone and limonene as the main component of their essential oils. The experiments were carried out using conventional hydrodistillation. The isolated volatiles obtained were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). The yield of essential oils was studied as a fonction of two parameters involved in the extraction (raw material/water ratio and sodium chloride concentration). The effect of time of extraction enables us to follow the evolution of the yield and essential oils composition obtained by the conventional process, as well as comparison with results from development of a new method of essential oil hydrodistillation by Direct Induction heating-magnetic field (DIHMF) assisted process. This method of essential oil hydrodistillation by DIHMF assisted show better results in terms of rapidity and also remarkably selectivity chemical
Rochova, Kristina. "Effet de la modification de structure des végétaux et de la convection naturelle dans le solvant sur l'extraction supercritique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397791.
Full textBergoin, Marjorie. "Application du concept de raffinage végétal au safran du Quercy (crocus sativus) pour la valorisation intégréee des potentiels aromatiques et colorants." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04582060.
Full textThe characterization of stigmas volatiles has allowed gaining further insight into the aroma of saffron. The specificity of saffron from the Quercy area has been demonstrated. The main volatile compound of fresh stigmas is linalool. High moisture content induces an increase of HTCC and safranal (spicy note), a loss of colour and the formation of 3-methylbutanoic acid (animal note). The molecular potential of bulbs, leaves and flowers has been evaluated to suggest novel utilisation strategies for the by-products of saffron cultivation. Bulbs contain a high amount of starch and their lipid fraction is rich in omega 6 fatty acids. Concretes from flowers and leaves give "honey" (2-phenylethanol) and "green" notes. Carotenoïds from flowers and leaves were identified as C40H56O4 and C40H56O2 xanthophylls, esterified by fatty acids in the case of flowers. The extraction of aromatic and colouring molecules has been successfully tested at pilot scale
Ella, Nkogo Ley-Fleury. "Caractérisation des extractibles des bois de Petersianthus macrocarpus et Letestua durissima : une approche multicritère pour comprendre leur durabilité naturelle et explorer de nouvelles opportunités de valorisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0087.
Full textThis study focused on two main axes : the characterization and study of the properties of extractable substances from two secondary species of the Gabonese forest with a view to possible valorization, Letestua durissima and Petersianthus macrocarpus, as well as the analysis of the factors influencing the natural durability of wood. The research began with successive extractions by maceration and Soxhlet (using cyclohexane, dichloromethane, acetone, toluene/ethanol mixture and water) of the bark, sapwood and heartwood. The results revealed high concentrations of extractables, particularly in the barks of both species, with phytochemical analysis highlighting the presence of various chemical families such as phenolic compounds, fatty acids, terpenes and terpenoids. Infrared analyzes confirmed the presence of these compounds. Additionally, the use of GC-MS and LC-MS allowed us to identify compounds such as catechin, gallocatechin, gallic acid, vanillin, etc. promising against brown and white rot fungi, as well as antibacterial activity, particularly against Escherichia coli, with Letestua durissima extracts particularly standing out. The extracts also showed anti-termite properties. Finally, a broader study concerning the study of different factors influencing the natural durability of wood highlighted a strong correlation between parameters such as density, humidity rate, wettability, extract rate and sugar/lignin ratio and sustainability
Gagnon, Yancie. "Étude de l’extraction des huiles végétales en milieu aqueux assistée par des tensioactifs." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2654.
Full textOne of the major current concerns in the crushing industry is to identify an alternative to the processthat uses hexane because of its impact on the environment, product quality, and human health. Theuse of water as a substitute solvent has several advantages, but this path has long been set apart dueto the immiscibility of water and oils. The proposed solution suggests using an aqueous solution ofsurfactants allowing the reduction of the interfacial tension between water and oil below 10-2 mN/m(i.e., the formation of microemulsion). This thesis, therefore, aims to study the extraction of vegetable oils from oilseeds in aqueous media in the presence of surfactants. The main objective is to acquire a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, in particular, the physicochemical interactions between the different compounds of the system. Different questions have been addressed in this thesis to consider step by step the role and the impact of each constituent of the system. First, the physicochemical characterization of different types of surfactants, in particular, the so-called extended surfactants and bio-based surfactants that are largely less studied in the literature, which made it possible to select those capable of solubilizing a maximum of vegetable oil in water. Then, the studied systems become more complex by considering the oilseeds, therefore the solid-liquid interface, which has never been studied inthe literature. Hypotheses as to the mechanisms of action of surfactants on the wettabilitymodification of oleaginous surfaces have been proposed. Finally, the study of the extractionprocess was approached. The influence of the operating parameters on the extraction yields hasbeen apprehended. The results obtained offer prospects for further action to consider the emergenceof this technology on an industrial scale
Caloprisco, Eric. "Recherche, extraction et caractérisation de substances naturelles tirées de l'ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata, annonacées) et possédant des propriétés biologiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30054.
Full textThis work was carried out in the "Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique de l'environnement" in partnership with the ADRIAN company. Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata, annonaceae) is a tree found in tropical areas. This species is cultivated on a large scale in the Comoro Islands and Madagascar for the production of essential oils, mainly used in perfume and soap industries, obtained after hydro-distillation of flowers. This tree is pruned twice a year to keep it to an average height of two meters. Unfortunately, cuttings from pruning are still not valorized. Since annonaceous species are known to contain bioactive constituents, the aim of this study was to find some bioactive compounds in ylang-ylang. Moreover, due to the difficult economical context in the Comoro Islands, processing the cuttings could be an additional income. First, an extraction procedure of leaves and branches of ylang-ylang was set up. Then, extracts were analysed by HPLC. This study led to isolate two glycosilated flavonoids and two y-lactones compounds. One of these y-lactones appeared to be a new compound,designated as canangone. Structural elucidation of these molecules was done by IR/TF, MS and NMR spectroscopy. Study of biological activities of both extract and purified compound was performed determining their pesticidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumoral properties. This study showed a significant bioactivity for each extract and purified compound. Another industrial application was explored: the use of the ylang-ylang extract as preservative agent in the food industry. .
Missaoui, Rafik. "Extraction verte et caractérisation des molécules bioactives dans les coproduits de la production d'asperge (Asparagus officinalis L.)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31327.
Full textPlants belonging to the family of Asparagaceae, especially asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) contain a wide range of bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids and saponins. These compounds have several health properties: antioxidant, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. In addition to that asparagus production generates a significant amounts of co-products, making it a good choice for the valorisation through the production of bioactive extracts for the functional food market. In this study, carried out with a green biorefinery view, we used only ethanol and water under optimum conditions rather than other solvents sometimes adopted in extraction of bioactive molecules and which may be harmful for human health. Total polyphenol and flavonoid were determined in different segments of the asparagus stem (upper and lower parts), differents varieties of asparagus and co-products of the Guelph Millenium variety. Identification of polyphenols was performed by UPLC-MS/MS and quantification of saponins was performed by a spectrophotometric method. The optimization of the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids was accomplished by modulating the temperature, the ethanol concentration and the solute/solvent ratio. The polyphenols present in asparagus are especially flavonoids and phenolic acids with a dominance for rutin (92%) .The polyphenols have been found to be more concentrated in the upper part of the asparagus stem (1.15 %) and represent 0.6 % for the basal parts of the stem and 1.4 % for the lower grade asparagus based on dry matter. The optimized extraction parameters are 80 % ethanol at 70 °C for 3 hours with a solute/solvent ratio of 1:40. This study is not limited to protect the environment by removing asparagus co-products from landfills, but adds values to these co-products. Key words : Asparagus, co-products, optimization, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, UPLC-MS/MS.
Ricochon, Guillaume. "Etude de l'hydrolyse enzymatique des grains de colza et de tournesol : application à l'extraction de leurs huiles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL097N.
Full textThe extraction of oil from oilseed in an aqueous medium aims to remove the solvents used in the crushing industry. To extract oil from seeds, the enzymatic mixtures and numerous physico-chemical parameters have been studied. Two consecutive experimental designs, realized on the A.I.M. prepared from treated seeds, allowed to select effective enzyme mixtures, consisting of 3 or 4 commercial enzyme preparations out of the 25 originally selected. This original approach, based on the use of statistical tools, allows to achieve optimal mixtures for the degradation of the walls of studied seeds. The extraction of oil shows 4 phases after separation by centrifugation: solid residue, emulsion, aqueous phase and free oil. The effects of different physico-chemical parameters were evaluated (grinding time, temperature, agitation, separation...). Finally, the oil released from seeds using enzymatic mixtures made (85% of the total oil for rapeseed, 92 % for sunflower), the amount of fermentable sugars produced (60 and 80 g/l depending on conditions) or the concentration of solubilized protein (greater than 30g/l) are the landmark results of this study. This study, decrypting the conditions to implement the maximization of oil extraction in aqueous phase, is an important whole of knowledge to contribute the future development of a complete biorefining of rapeseed and sunflower with the use of each co-products : oils, proteins (napins from rape) and fermentable sugars
El-Belghiti, Kamal. "Amélioration de l'extraction aqueuse de solutés des produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1563.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a process of aqueous extraction of solute from vegetable products coupled to a moderate pulsed electric field (MPEF). It aims at the improvement of yield of solute and the extraction kinetics. The effect of MPEF parameters (intensity and number of pulses), agitation during extraction, shape and size of particles, solution temperature and centrifugaI field, has been studied. The main experimental work was carried out with samples of sugar beet and carrot, in form of disk and gratings, treated by MPEF of different intensities (200-1200 V/cm) and different numbers of pulses (50-1000) of 100 ilS. Aqueous extraction was carried out at various temperatures (20-50°C), under various agitation speeds (0-750 rpm) and centrifugaI accelerations (09660xg). After the development of an experimental methodology, we observed that the MPEF increases the final yield of solute. The agitation of solution, the moderate heating and the centrifugaI field accelerate the extraction kinetics. The reduction ofparticles size increases the yield of solute and accelerates the extraction kinetics. An optimisation ofboth MPEF and extraction parameters allowed to reach a maximal yield of solute (95%) under an electrical energy consumption of 6-7 and 9 kJ/kg for sugar beets and carrots, respectively. On the other hand, the combination of the process with moderate heating and/or centrifugaI field permitted to reduce from 2 to 4 times the extraction duration. . The aqueous extraction kinetics was described by a bi-exponential model involving two simultaneous processes: rapid washing, which cannot be taken into account by Fick's law, and slow diffusion. The MPEF has shown an inefficiency with dry vegetable products (Ieaves of black tea and roots of Datura Innoxia). A treatment by electric discharges of high tension (EDHT) (40 kV) allowed the acceleration of extraction from such products
Diakité, Abdoulaye. "Extraction et caractérisation des extraits cireux de graines de Jatropha curcas pour application biopesticide." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32865.
Full textJatropha curcas L. is a species found in almost all tropical regions. The seeds of Jatropha curcas contain oil that is suitable for biodiesel production and therefore has received global interest as a source of biofuel. However, so far Jatropha curcas has not reached its full potential. In addition to its use for biodiesel production, the development of other Jatropha seed by-products such as wax will add to the economic value of this plant. No detailed studies have been conducted on Jatropha seed wax performance and its uses in biopesticide production. The present study revealed that the wax yield of Jatropha seeds was 0.11%; 0.03% and 0.02% respectively for extraction methods using n-hexane, boiling water and liquid nitrogen. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the DSC thermograms shows that wax extracted with the hexane is more complex indicating the presence of several different compounds, compared to the waxes obtained by the other two methods. This is in agreement with the scanning electron microscope results which show less wax on the surface of hexane-treated Jatropha seeds compared to the other two solvents. The exploratory biological test carried out revealed that the waxy extracts should have some biocidal property. They induced 100% mortality of stage 4 Choristoneura fumiferana larvae at a concentration of 20%.
Pham, Thi Can Tho. "Cryo-extraction des cires des produits céréaliers (sorgho, blé et riz brun)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25224.
Full textWax extraction from plants is conventionally carried out by using organic solvents such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and methanol. Although, those solvents are very effective in dissolving lipids, they are flammable, toxic and highly volatile. Recent studies show that cryogenic fluids could also be used for wax extraction. For instance, cyclic immersion of whole fruits (blueberry, seabuckthorn, grapes) in liquid nitrogen has significantly reduced cuticular waxes up to 50%. So, the main aim of this work is to use liquid nitrogen as a “green method” to extract waxes from cereals. Several approaches were used to evaluate the extraction method by liquid nitrogen. Sorghum, wheat and brown rice were treated in liquid nitrogen in 1 to 3 cycles with different time intervals. The impact of rest time between cycles (1-5 minutes at room temperature) on the extraction yield was also reported by weighing waxes. The extraction efficiency of the method was compared to that of n-hexane which was referred as the control one. The surface of the grains treated by liquid nitrogen and n-hexane was visualized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detector (GC –FID) was used to determine the composition in the extracts resulted from the two methods. Our results showed that the highest extraction efficiency was 0.026% (g cire/100g grain) (rice - 11 extraction minutes), 0.032% (Sorghum - 4 minutes) and 0.025% (wheat -13 minutes). Compared to the extraction by n-hexane method, its efficiency was 0.196% (rice – 60 extraction minutes), 0.298% (sorghum - 45 minutes) and 0.126% (wheat - 30 minutes). For wheat and rice, a significant increase in yield between 3 and 5 rest minutes with respect to the one of 1 minute was observed. The results of GC-MS and GC –FID confirmed that the waxes were extracted out of the grains by both liquid nitrogen and n- hexane. The wax composition of the extract is similar in both cases. These results conclude that the wax extraction method by liquid nitrogen is feasible despite it extracts waxes less than that of n-hexane, but the method benefits for the shorter extraction time. Liquid nitrogen is not toxic and is a "green" solvent which can be easily removed from the products by spontaneously simple evaporation leading no leftover residues. Therefore, using liquid nitrogen as the extraction solvent might be a promising way for separating waxes from waxy grains. The quality of grain processed by liquid nitrogen remains unchanged, thus it may be considered a sub-step in the milling process.
Zeaiter, Amal. "Intensification par détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) de la fonctionnalisation physico-chimiques [sic] des graines végétales (caroube et tournesol)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS011/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with a fundamental and experimental analysis of the effect of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on the transfer phenomena and rheological behavior, which occurs during the drying process and mechanical and solvent extraction. The products concerned were carob seeds (gum and germ) and two varieties of sunflower seeds (linoleic and oleic). DIC texturing makes it possible to greatly modify the drying kinetics, leading to an effective intensification of the drying processes while maintaining a good preservation of the nutritional quality of the finished product. The experimental study was coupled with a phenomenological kinetic model using the CWD (coupled Washing/Diffusion). This study leads to evaluate the impact of texturing on the effective diffusivity Deff and the initial accessibility δWs. On the other hand, the experimental study for the optimization of the operation was carried out through an adequate experimental design method. The impact of the DIC processing parameters, namely the absolute pressure of saturated dry water vapor (P), and the heat treatment time (t), as well as the number of cycles (c) was established on the rheological behavior of the carob bean gum. A second part of our work was devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of sunflower oil extraction processes of the two types of linoleic and oleic seeds. By acting as a controlled modification of the raw material, (DIC) texturing allowed increasing the yield of sunflower oil by both cold pressing and solvent extraction from the residual cake. DIC texturing has led to a large increase in oil yield for both linoleic and oleic varieties. The preservation of the quality of oil demonstrates that DIC was perfectly adequate with a perfect absence of chemical degradation. Our study also involved the definition of a new deodorization process. This is the use of the Multi-Flash Autovaporization MFA on the refining of sunflower oil. This innovative deodorization technology is characterized by its low temperature level, thus ensuring a much lower severity than conventional high temperature methods
Galvan, D'Alessandro Leandro. "Eco-procédés pour la récupération sélective d’antioxydants à partir d’Aronia melanocarpa et ses co-produits." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10134/document.
Full textThe Black Chokeberry fruits are one of the richest sources in phenolic antioxidant compounds, particularly in anthocyanins. The influence of the main operating parameters on the kinetics and yields of anthocyanins and total polyphenols extraction with ultrasound assistance was studied. The extraction kinetics was described by equations based on the Peleg’s model. The development of a global model (including time, temperature, solvent composition and ultrasound power) was proposed as a tool for optimizing the conditions of antioxidants extraction. After preliminary studies of on extract enrichment using different solid supports, Amberlite XAD7HP macroporous resins was chosen as the most suitable for the adsorption of antioxidants molecules from aronia. Finally, a new ecological integrated extraction-adsorption process was proposed for the selective recovery of antioxidant molecules. This process enabled to extract antioxidant substances and to simultaneously purify the extracts, which led to enrichments by more than 15 times of anthocyanins content in the extracts. Process feasibility on a semi-pilot scale of this new integrated process was demonstrated
Brudieux, Véronique. "Extraction, modification enzymatique et caractérisation chimique de nouvelles structures pectiques : application de la relation structure/activité à la dermocosmétique." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7d830b54-6fee-461e-8c54-9cd84e773544/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4060.pdf.
Full textPolysaccharides and, more particularly, pectins are molecules of biological interest that, as exemplified by the present work, can be used by the dermocosmetic industry. The SILAB company and the Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles mounted a joint prospective study on this theme. Firstly, we studied the chemical variability of type I rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I) extracted from 11 different plant materials. Experimental protocols designed for three of these materials (chestnut bran, apple marc and grape marc) have been transferred and optimised at a scale allowing their industrialization and, for one of them (chestnut bran), its marketing. The chemical structure of the tested RG-I explained their ability to modulate keratinocyte proliferation. In a second part, we studied a substituted galacturonan of the apiogalacturonan family, extracted from the seaweed Zostera marina. We characterized the chemical structure of this polysaccharide by the means of NMR spectroscopy and we studied its properties in relation to cellular and molecular oncology
Czyzak, Zbigniew. "Impact du traitement hydro thermo dynamique sur les opérations de diffusion et d'extraction : applications au thé." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS167.
Full textGagnon, Félix. "La régénération spontanée d'une tourbière manitobaine après extraction de la tourbe : diversité des assemblages végétaux et propositions d'aménagement." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27477.
Full textLalou, Ahmed. "Mise au point d'un procédé d'extraction des hémicelluloses à partir d'un substrat végétal ligno-cellulosique : application au cas des coques de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT028G.
Full textHamzaoui, Mahmoud. "Développements méthodologiques en Extraction de Partage Centrifuge (EPC). Application au fractionnement et à la purification de substances naturelles végétales et issues des biotechnologies blanches." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMP207/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was the characterization and study of potential applications of a new Centrifugal Partition Extractor (CPE) prototype, in the field of natural plant extracts and withe biotechnology. This work initially focused on the extraction and purification of metabolites mainly from white biotechnology (succinic acid, itaconic acid, ...), but very quickly, we have been led to focus our research on other metabolites from natural extracts plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sinapis alba, and Anogeissus leiocarpus) and one target fermentation (itaconic acid)
Faizal, Muhammad. "Récupération et séparation des acides oxalique et formique par extraction liquide-liquide : application à la valorisation et à la dépollution des effluents de lavage de matières premières végétales." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT013G.
Full textAngoy, Alice. "Eco-extraction par micro-ondes couplée à un champ centrifuge Development of microwave-assisted dynamic extraction by combination with centrifugal force for polyphenols extraction from lettuce Microwave technology for food applications." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0274.
Full textCurrent environmental concerns such as the depletion of fossil fuels, the emission of greenhouse gases or global warming are forcing industry to reduce their impact on the environment and to be part of a greener approach. In the field of extraction, this has led, for some years now, to the development of innovative techniques to replace current processes using petroleum-based and energy-intensive solvents. The aim of this thesis was therefore to research and develop a new green extraction process for plant products, thanks to the combination of a thermal effect (microwave heating) and an effect mechanical (centrifugal force). The extraction is carried out directly on the fresh vegetable matrix, the intracellular water of the plant acting as the extracting solvent.The first part of this manuscript will present the experimental pilot at the semi-industrial scale combining microwaves and centrifugation and its potential adaptation for the field of green extraction.In the second part, the tests carried out using this pilot have been described for the extraction of selected secondary metabolites. The results, obtained on “model” products such as salad and orange peel, highlight that this pilot is operational for the extraction of certain micronutrients. In addition, the use of a centrifugation combined with the application of microwaves makes it possible to intensify the extraction yield and a saving of time. Nevertheless, questions about the understanding of the aeraulic system and the distribution of the temperature field during extraction are raised to fully control all extraction parameters.Finally, this process appears as a real innovation in the field of extraction and is very promising because it