Journal articles: 'Extraction with reaction'

1

Caligiuri, Lorena G., Adolfo E. Sandoval, Jose C. Miranda, Felipe A. Pessoa, María S. Santini, Oscar D. Salomón, Nagila F. C. Secundino, and Christina B. McCarthy. "Optimization of DNA Extraction from Individual Sand Flies for PCR Amplification." Methods and Protocols 2, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps2020036.

Full text

Abstract:

Numerous protocols have been published for extracting DNA from phlebotomines. Nevertheless, their small size is generally an issue in terms of yield, efficiency, and purity, for large-scale individual sand fly DNA extractions when using traditional methods. Even though this can be circumvented with commercial kits, these are generally cost-prohibitive for developing countries. We encountered these limitations when analyzing field-collected Lutzomyia spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, for this reason, we evaluated various modifications on a previously published protocol, the most significant of which was a different lysis buffer that contained Ca2+ (buffer TESCa). This ion protects proteinase K against autolysis, increases its thermal stability, and could have a regulatory function for its substrate-binding site. Individual sand fly DNA extraction success was confirmed by amplification reactions using internal control primers that amplify a fragment of the cacophony gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a lysis buffer containing Ca2+ has been reported for the extraction of DNA from sand flies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Junussov, Medet, Ferenc Mádai, and Bánhidi Olivér. "Sequential extraction of carbonaceous siltstone rock for multi-element analysis by ICP OES." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ctg-2018-0010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The carbonaceous siltstone rock material is a disseminated sulfide-rich sedimentary rock from a sediment-hosted gold deposit of Bakyrchik. The Bakyrchik deposit is located in Eastern Kazakhstan, which includes in Qalba gold province. The main purpose of this paper is a demonstration on chemical extraction of heavy metals from the carbonaceous siltstone rock and detection of its elemental concentrations. In the work was used a rock sample from the deposit which is a sericizited carbonaceous-siltstone rock. In sequential extraction method was selected four stages such as water soluble fraction (reaction with deionized water) for extraction of water soluble metals, reducible metal fraction (reaction with hydroxyl ammonium chloride) for extracting all reducible metals, organics and sulfides (reaction with hydrogen peroxide) for dissolution of organics and copper sulfide, and extraction of metal oxides and residual fraction (reaction with aqua regia) for extracting of all remaining metals. The paper comprises analytical methods for research outlooks. They are X-Ray Diffraction (determination of mineralogical composition), X-Ray Fluorescence (determination of chemical composition) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (determination of heavy metal concentrations).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Gupta, Nalini. "DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction." Journal of Cytology 36, no. 2 (2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_110_18.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Li, Yunzhao, Xingfu Song, Guilan Chen, Shuying Sun, Yanxia Xu, and Jianguo Yu. "Extraction of hydrogen chloride by a coupled reaction-solvent extraction process." Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (May 27, 2015): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1512-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sharma, D. K., and S. Mishra. "Enhancement of coal extraction by series reaction (ATD3 reaction): optimization of reaction conditions." Fuel 74, no. 6 (June 1995): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00009-t.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Xie, Yao Zhong, De Jun Fei, and Ya Gu Dang. "Kinetic Study on the Transport of Chromium(III) by Emulsion Liquid Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2750.

Full text

Abstract:

The interfacial reactions and thermodynamic properties of the emulsion liquid membrane on separation and concentration of chromium (III) were discussed. Interfacial chemical reaction equations of membrane phase with P204 and mass transfer mechanism of ELM system were determined. The extraction reaction enthalpy is 11.41 kJmol1, while stripping reaction enthalpy is-143.65 kJmol1, were obtained by investigating reaction temperature on the distribution ratio under two different conditions. So extraction is an endothermic process and stripping is an exothermic process. And the main driving force of the separation system is the concentration gradient of hydrogen ion between external and internal phase interface.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Schwaller, Philippe, Benjamin Hoover, Jean-Louis Reymond, Hendrik Strobelt, and Teodoro Laino. "Extraction of organic chemistry grammar from unsupervised learning of chemical reactions." Science Advances 7, no. 15 (April 2021): eabe4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe4166.

Full text

Abstract:

Humans use different domain languages to represent, explore, and communicate scientific concepts. During the last few hundred years, chemists compiled the language of chemical synthesis inferring a series of “reaction rules” from knowing how atoms rearrange during a chemical transformation, a process called atom-mapping. Atom-mapping is a laborious experimental task and, when tackled with computational methods, requires continuous annotation of chemical reactions and the extension of logically consistent directives. Here, we demonstrate that Transformer Neural Networks learn atom-mapping information between products and reactants without supervision or human labeling. Using the Transformer attention weights, we build a chemically agnostic, attention-guided reaction mapper and extract coherent chemical grammar from unannotated sets of reactions. Our method shows remarkable performance in terms of accuracy and speed, even for strongly imbalanced and chemically complex reactions with nontrivial atom-mapping. It provides the missing link between data-driven and rule-based approaches for numerous chemical reaction tasks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tsumura, T. "Lithium insertion/extraction reaction on crystalline MoO3." Solid State Ionics 104, no. 3-4 (December 11, 1997): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00418-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Xu, Xin, and Tun Zhu. "Coupled process of reaction and solvent extraction." Hydrometallurgy 76, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.06.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ouchi, Koji, Akihiko Mikami, Hironori Itoh, and Masataka Makebe. "Reaction of coal with quinoline during extraction." Fuel Processing Technology 11, no. 3 (December 1985): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(85)90002-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Dharaskar, Swapnil A., Mahesh N. Varma, Diwakar Z. Shende, Chang Kyoo Yoo, and Kailas L. Wasewar. "Synthesis, Characterization and Application of 1-Butyl-3 Methylimidazolium Chloride as Green Material for Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/395274.

Full text

Abstract:

The possible application of imidazolium ionic liquids as energy-efficient green material for extractive deep desulfurization of liquid fuel has been investigated. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of n-methylimidazolium and 1-chlorobutane. Molecular structures of the ILs were confirmed by FTIR,1H-NMR, and13C-NMR. The thermal properties, conductivity, solubility, water content and viscosity analysis of [BMIM]Cl were carried out. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, sulfur compounds, and recycling of IL without regeneration on dibenzothiophene removal of liquid fuel were presented. In the extractive desulfurization process, the removal of dibenzothiophene in n-dodecane using [BMIM]Cl was 81% with mass ratio of 1 : 1, in 30 min at 30°C under the mild reaction conditions. Also, desulfurization of real fuels with IL and multistage extraction were studied. The results of this work might offer significant insights in the perceptive use of imidazoled ILs as energy-efficient green material for extractive deep desulfurization of liquid fuels as it can be reused without regeneration with considerable extraction efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Xu, Ke Ming, Hai Yan Liu, Long Dong, Shuang Tong, and Yong Jian Liu. "Lignin Recovery from the Black Liquor of Reed Pulping." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2376.

Full text

Abstract:

Lignin is extracted from Reed black liquor of papermaking through the acid-precipitation method in this article. Single factor and orthogonal experimental design are applied to optimize research on the extraction of lignin from black liquor of papermaking process, the optimum extraction conditions are obtained: pH is 2, reaction temperatures is 60°C, coagulation time is 30min, flocculation temperature is 70°C. The results show that: the extraction effect of sulfuric acid is better than hydrochloric acid, and its flocculation effect of pH value on lignin production rate is the most, the following is by flocculation temperatures, flocculation, reaction temperature is with minimal impact. And the infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize the structure of extracting lignin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Li, Jun, Ling Zhang, Jun-fang Li, and De-qiang Li. "Comparative Studies of Combined Influence of Variables on the Esterification Degree of Pectin Extracted by Sulfuric Acid and Citric Acid." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (September 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6313241.

Full text

Abstract:

The influence of extraction variables on degree of esterification (DE) of pectin was studied due to the significant effects of DE on the properties of the pectin-based functional biomaterials. The extracting agents (sulfuric acid and citric acid), pH value of extraction solution, extraction time, and temperature were selected to study the hydrolysis reaction of carboxylic acid ester by response surface methodology (RSM). The hydrolysis reaction occurred more violently in the weak organic acid solution than that in the strong inorganic acid solution. The DE was significantly influenced by pH of extraction solution, extraction time, and temperature through the analysis of variance. In addition, the values of DE reduced with the increasing of extraction temperature, lapse of time, and decreasing of pH value. What is more, the effects of extraction conditions on the yield, monosaccharide composition, content of protein, and ferulic acid were also studied. It is evident that the lower pH value contributed to higher extraction yield. The content of Total CH and GalA of pectin extracted by sulfuric acid were higher than that of pectin extracted by citric acid, and the content of monosaccharide showed an opposite trend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hu, Zhe, Ke Feng Zhang, and Lei Liu. "Research on the Improvement and Application of Chemical Sequential Extraction of Phosphorus in Sediments." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.452.

Full text

Abstract:

By the chemical sequential extraction method, various chemical speciation of phosphorus were extracted from shallow sediments of Nansi Lake. Aiming at the existing problems of lower concentration of phosphorus, the method combined the original sequential extraction and Mo-Sb Anti spectrophotometric method was improved to reduce the interference caused by stratification and chromogenic reaction. In addition, due to the presence of excess sodium dithionite, the extracting solution need to be diluted during occlude phosphorus (Oc-P) extraction process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Chen, Hong Wei, Zhi Yuan Zhang, and Hai Long Yu. "Extraction Characteristics of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions in the Washing Solution of Coal with Polymer Material Crown Ether." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.661.

Full text

Abstract:

The washing solution of Zhundong coal is a multi-ions mixed system, and the extraction reactions of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in the water washing solution with polymer material of dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 were investigated. The results show that the content of Na in the washing solution is highest, followed by K. Dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 has better extraction rate of K due to the diameter of K has the same size with the hole diameter of dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, which enables it could effectively separate Na and K, while did not cause excessive pollution of aqueous solution. Alkali and alkaline earth metal ions were extracted by dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 in the form of 1:1. Improving the concentration of dicyclohexyl-18- crown-6 in organic phase could effectively enhance the extraction rate. It is not conducive to the extraction reaction by increasing temperature, as the extraction reaction is exothermic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Sae Be, Porntip, Suesat Jantip, and Sirisin Chum Rum. "Kinetic Analysis of Alkaline Extraction on Sweet-Bamboo Leaves." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.467.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the influence of NaOH concentration and temperature used for cellulose extraction from sweet-bamboo leaves on the kinetics of the extraction reaction. The NaOH concentration and the temperature used for the extraction were varied and their effect was examined. It was found that the extraction rate was accelerated by either the increase of NaOH concentration or extraction temperature. The NaOH concentration affected the reaction rate constant, k, and the activation energy, E and the order of the reaction, n. Increase of NaOH concentration enhanced the reaction to move forwards, thus reducing the k and E values of the reaction and the order of the reaction, n, was changed. The correlation of the temperature and the NaOH concentration with the k value showed that at the lower NaOH concentration, the temperature influenced on the k value more significantly. The influence of the NaOH concentration on the k value was lessened with increase of the extraction temperature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Minotti, Michael, Michael F. Doherty, and Michael F. Malone. "Design for Simultaneous Reaction and Liquid−Liquid Extraction." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37, no. 12 (December 1998): 4748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970786i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Terekhov, A. V., G. S. Dmitriev, S. N. Khadzhiev, and L. N. Zanaveskin. "Recovery of solketal from reaction products by extraction." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 89, no. 4 (April 2016): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427216040182.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sato, T., N. Suzuki, and T. S. H. Lee. "Extraction of resonance parameters from meson production reaction." Chinese Physics C 33, no. 12 (December 2009): 1140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/33/12/015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ben Simon, Guy J., Gili Kenet, and Abraham Spierer. "Fibrinoid reaction after lens extraction in rabbit eyes." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 38, no. 5 (May 2012): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.12.026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Casas, L., Y. Hernández, C. Mantell, N. Casdelo, and E. Martinez de la Ossa. "Filter Cake Oil-Wax as Raw Material for the Production of Biodiesel: Analysis of the Extraction Process and the Transesterification Reaction." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/946462.

Full text

Abstract:

The viability of using the waste obtained in the manufacture of sugar from sugarcane for the production of biodiesel has been analyzed. Two fundamental stages are necessary to obtain biodiesel; the first stage is the extraction process from the waste oil materials and the second is the transesterification reaction. Four techniques, Soxhlet, orbital shaker extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, have been analyzed. For Soxhlet, orbital shaker extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the organic solvent (hexane) was maintained for all experiment. In supercritical fluid extraction two solvents were evaluated: pure CO2and mixtures of CO2and 5% (v : v) methanol. The reaction kinetics of the transesterification reaction with an acidic catalyst and a basic catalyst were analysed. The results show that the supercritical extraction process produces a better product for the subsequent transesterification reaction. This finding is attributed to the high selectivity of carbon dioxide in the recovery of fatty acids and triglycerides in comparison with other solvents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Massa, T. B., I. J. Iwassa, N. Stevanato, V. A. S. Garcia, and C. Silva. "Passion fruit seed oil: extraction and subsequent transesterification reaction." Grasas y Aceites 72, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): e409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0442201.

Full text

Abstract:

This work aims to remove the oil from passion fruit seeds using ethanol as solvent and then to carry out the transesterification of the product from the extraction step (oil + ethanol). The effects of operational variables in the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were evaluated and traditional extraction was performed for comparison. The extraction product was directed to the reaction step using an enzymatic catalyst. UAE provided oil yield from 12.32 to 21.76%, and the maximum value (73.7% of the traditional extraction yield) was obtained at 60 °C and 50 min using a solvent-to-seed ratio of 4. Oil removal was favored by increases in the investigated variables. g-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified in the oils. The oil obtained by UAE presented higher phytosterol contents. From the reaction step, samples were obtained with higher concentrations of ethyl esters, in addition to emulsifiers (diglycerides and monoglycerides).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Jiang, Jin He. "The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Inorganic Material Mg_1.5Mn_0.5Ti_0.75O₄." Advanced Materials Research 511 (April 2012): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.511.105.

Full text

Abstract:

Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 was prepared by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 10.6mmol/g for Li+.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Dongchan, Yafei Guo, Tianlong Deng, Yu-Wei Chen, and Nelson Belzile. "Solvent Extraction of Tellurium from Chloride Solutions Using Tri-n-butyl Phosphate: Conditions and Thermodynamic Data." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/458705.

Full text

Abstract:

The extractive separation of tellurium (IV) from hydrochloric acid media with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in kerosene was investigated. The dependence on the extraction of tellurium species, concentrations of tellurium and TBP, extraction time and stage, organic/aqueous ratio, and interferences from coexist metallic ions were examined and are discussed. Besides, the stripping agent and stripping time were also studied. It was found that the extraction reaction corresponds to the neutral complex formation mechanism and the extracted species is TeCl4·3TBP and that the extraction process is exothermic. The thermodynamic parameters of enthalpyΔH, entropyΔS, and free energyΔGof the extraction process were evaluated at −26.2 kJ·mol−1, −65.6 J·mol−1·K−1, and −7.0 kJ·mol−1, respectively at 293 K.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zheng, Dan, Jie Yan, Jun Chen, and Zeqin Wang. "The Reaction Extraction Combining Crystallization for Growth of Sodium Chloride in a Spray Fluidized Bed Crystallizer." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8307847.

Full text

Abstract:

At present, the crystal size of sodium chloride prepared by a traditional crystallization process (such as stirred crystallization) is inhomogeneous, and it has a great quantity of fine grains in crystallizer. This work presents a novel approach for the growth of sodium chloride from supersaturated solutions by reaction-extractive crystallization in a spray fluidized bed crystallizer (SFBC), in which sodium sulfate solution is transformed into potassium chloride and sulphuric acid based on a reactive extraction-crystallization process using triisooctylamine (TOL) in n-octanol as the extraction system. This paper mainly studies the effect of operating conditions (e.g., circulation flow rate, velocity ratio of oil and aqueous phases, crystallization temperature, hydraulic residence time, and feed velocity) on the crystal size distribution (CSD) during the crystallization process of sodium chloride in a SFBC. Experimental results show that the optimum conditions are 1.0362 m/s as the best circulation flow rate, 9.5 : 8.5 as the best velocity ratio of oil and aqueous phases, 313 K as the best temperature, 4320 s as residence time, and 8 mL.min−1 as the best feed velocity. Meanwhile, the proposed extraction kinetic model about extraction rates is developed and validated against data from the SFBC. And it proves that the reactive extraction system is controlled by diffusion and chemical reaction. Analysis of the extraction kinetic model and comparison with experiments reveal that the extraction kinetic model results are in well agreement with experiments. Furthermore, the uniform and large crystals can be obtained in a spray fluidized bed crystallizer without special concentration since extraction and crystallization are carried out in the same equipment. In addition, all of the sodium chloride products prepared under the optimal conditions in SFBC show a better CSD performance than the stirred crystallization. This research demonstrates that this process enables controlling the crystal size in a rather wide range, thus further underlining the potential of this technique for applications in the crystallization industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Santiso, Sara, Arantza Casillas, and Alicia Pérez. "The class imbalance problem detecting adverse drug reactions in electronic health records." Health Informatics Journal 25, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 1768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458218799470.

Full text

Abstract:

This work focuses on adverse drug reaction extraction tackling the class imbalance problem. Adverse drug reactions are infrequent events in electronic health records, nevertheless, it is compulsory to get them documented. Text mining techniques can help to retrieve this kind of valuable information from text. The class imbalance was tackled using different sampling methods, cost-sensitive learning, ensemble learning and one-class classification and the Random Forest classifier was used. The adverse drug reaction extraction model was inferred from a dataset that comprises real electronic health records with an imbalance ratio of 1:222, this means that for each drug–disease pair that is an adverse drug reaction, there are approximately 222 that are not adverse drug reactions. The application of a sampling technique before using cost-sensitive learning offered the best result. On the test set, the f-measure was 0.121 for the minority class and 0.996 for the majority class.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zuas, Oman. "Extraction of Chemical Warfare Agents from Soils: Case Study on O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate (VX)." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 11, no. 1 (November 20, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.11.1.1-7.

Full text

Abstract:

Extraction of chemical warfare agents, O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate (VX) in soilsample has been carried out. The extraction was performed using six different solvents including 1% TEA/MeOH,1% NH4OH/MeOH, water pH 2 at the ambient temperature , water pH 2 at temperature 4 0C, water pH 7 at ambienttemperature, and water pH 7 at temperature 4 0C. Percent recovery of VX in soil samples was quantitativelydetermined by mean LC-MS using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Among the solvents used, water pH 2 attemperature 40C gave the best extraction capability that was indicated by the highest percent recovery of VXobtained. Storing effect of spiked samples was also investigated by extracting the samples containing VX usingwater at pH 2/40C and the degradation product was then identified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Fromthe study, two degradation products were identified as Bis[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]disulphide and ethylmethylphosphonate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Carmona-Hernandez, Juan C., Gonzalo Taborda-Ocampo, and Clara H. González-Correa. "Folin-Ciocalteu Reaction Alternatives for Higher Polyphenol Quantitation in Colombian Passion Fruits." International Journal of Food Science 2021 (January 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871301.

Full text

Abstract:

Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa, Passiflora edulis Sims, and Passiflora ligularis Juss are Colombian fruits (passion fruits) of important exportation value. They act efficiently as antioxidants, antifungal, and antimicrobial compounds due to their high polyphenol content. Polyphenols can be quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reaction. Food matrices, solvent polarity, and several different reacting conditions are critical for the optimum extraction and quantification of polyphenols. Chromatographic identification and quantitation are satisfactory with access to a vast number of reference standards considering the availability of abundant phenolic compounds in crude extracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternatives and specific F-C reacting conditions aiming at determining the highest total phenolic content (TPC) in three Colombian Passifloras. Among optimum reacting conditions, reduced reaction time and diluted alkali conditions yielded desirable positive results highlighting lower working time and minimum reagent waste production. For higher extraction yield, acetone 70% was the best solvent to capture more phenolics from the seedless pulp of these Colombian passion fruits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Xiao, Yun Shan, Ya Gu Dang, De Jun Fei, and Ying Zhang. "Extraction Kinetics and Mechanism of La(III) by P204-Kerosine from Phosphoric Acid." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.677.

Full text

Abstract:

The extraction kinetics and mechanism of La (III) by P204-kerosine from phosphoric acid were investigated by constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. The effects of stirring speed, temperature, specific interface area on extraction rate were studied. The results indicated that a plateau region is appeared at the stirring speed of over 115r/min. The extraction apparent activation energy was calculated to be-13.40kJ/mol and the extraction process is controlled by a mixed mechanism of diffusion and chemical reaction. The rate equation of extraction was deduced. Under conditions of 25°C and interfacial area 19.64cm2, the extraction rate constant was 2.08×10-6 m·s-1·. Through the derivation of the reaction mechanism the reaction zone is at the liquid-liquid interface.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Spennati, Elena, Alessandro Alberto Casazza, Attilio Converti, and Guido Busca. "Thermocatalytic Pyrolysis of Exhausted Arthrospira platensis Biomass after Protein or Lipid Recovery." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205246.

Full text

Abstract:

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are unicellular microorganism that contain high-added-value compounds. To make their extraction economically feasible, the biorefinery concept is the only solution. In this study, the residues resulting from lipid or protein extraction from Arthrospira platensis biomass were valorized by catalytic pyrolysis using ZSM5 zeolite or amorphous silica–alumina as catalyst. The reaction was performed in a quartz reactor, and the catalysts were placed in a fixed bed, to force the reaction gases to pass through it. The reaction products were analyzed by FTIR and GC–MS analyses. The reaction gases and liquids obtained from the extraction residues had higher hydrocarbon contents compared with the untreated biomass. Moreover, the pyrolysis of biomass after protein extraction led to fractions with lower nitrogenated component contents, while that after lipid extraction to fractions with lower oxygenated component contents. This study showed that the pyrolysis process could be used to valorize the microalgae extraction residues, aiming to make biofuels production and extraction of high-added-value products more economically feasible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Jiang, Jin He. "Study of an Inorganic Ion Exchanger Mg_0.5Ti_1.25O₃." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.681.

Full text

Abstract:

The ion-exchanger Mg0.5Ti1.25O3 was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg0.5Ti1.25O3 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Ti4+ were less than 7.1%. The experimental results have proved that the acid-treated sample has a capacity of exchange 5.4mmol•g-1 for Li+ in the solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

LUZ, ANNY CAROLYNE DA, IRANY RODRIGUES PRETTI, and MARIA DO CARMO PIMENTEL BATITUCCI. "COMPARISON OF RNA EXTRACTION METHODS FOR Passiflora edulis SIMS LEAVES." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 38, no. 1 (February 2016): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-278/15.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Functional genomic analyses require intact RNA; however, Passiflora edulis leaves are rich in secondary metabolites that interfere with RNA extraction primarily by promoting oxidative processes and by precipitating with nucleic acids. This study aimed to analyse three RNA extraction methods, Concert™ Plant RNA Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen) and TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen)/ice -commercial products specifically designed to extract RNA, and to determine which method is the most effective for extracting RNA from the leaves of passion fruit plants. In contrast to the RNA extracted using the other 2 methods, the RNA extracted using TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen) did not have acceptable A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios and did not have ideal concentrations. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a strong DNA band for all of the Concert™ method extractions but not for the TRIzol® and TRIzol®/ice methods. The TRIzol® method resulted in smears during electrophoresis. Due to its low levels of DNA contamination, ideal A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios and superior sample integrity, RNA from the TRIzol®/ice method was used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the resulting amplicons were highly similar. We conclude that TRIzol®/ice is the preferred method for RNA extraction for P. edulis leaves.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Grabicoski, Edilaine Mauricia Gelinski, David de Souza Jaccoud-Filho, David Lee, Luciane Henneberg, and Marcos Pileggi. "Real-Time Quantitative and Ion-Metal Indicator LAMP-Based Assays for Rapid Detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Plant Disease 104, no. 5 (May 2020): 1514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-19-1455-re.

Full text

Abstract:

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastating and cosmopolitan plant pathogens. Rapid detection of S. sclerotiorum can provide growers an advantage in knowing what control measures should be taken to minimize crop damage and financial losses caused by it. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a fast, sensitive, and specific nucleic acid amplification method that does not require a thermal cycler. This study aimed to develop a LAMP-based assay for the specific detection of S. sclerotiorum (Ss-LAMP). A real-time quantitative LAMP reaction (Ss-qLAMP) and a calcein ion indicator-based LAMP reaction (Ss-cLAMP) were designed, optimized, and tested on fungi, plant, and soil samples. The Ss-LAMP reactions were very specific and sensitive. Applying the artificially inoculated soil samples with DNA purified by five protocols in the Ss-qLAMP reaction, it was possible to detect and quantify the pathogen DNA, regardless of the extraction protocol. Naturally infected soybean tissues had the pathogen detected by Ss-cLAMP directly in the reaction tube with no DNA extraction requirement. The assays should be applicable for many types of samples, such as soil, spore traps, and plant tissues from several crops, with no requirement for DNA extraction. The Ss-LAMP reactions took less than 1 h to complete, and they can be made directly in the field with real-time quantitative results (Ss-qLAMP) or qualitative naked-eye visual results (Ss-cLAMP). Results were obtained with 10 pg of DNA or 10 ng of crude mycelium, suggesting a detection limit close to a single DNA copy. Ss-LAMP reactions will allow rapid and accurate diagnosis of S. sclerotiorum and assist in pathogen management and control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Konya, T., Y. Shiramata, and T. Nakamura. "Operando XRD study of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 high-voltage cathode under high-rate charge-discharge reaction." Powder Diffraction 34, S1 (May 6, 2019): S8—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715619000083.

Full text

Abstract:

Structural variation of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathode during the Li+ extraction/insertion reaction was studied using operando X-ray diffraction. It was found that the reaction in the voltage range from 3.5 to 4.9 V consisted of two consecutive two-phase reactions, where three spinel phases of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, Li0.5Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 and Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 were identified and the lattice volume change in the whole reaction was evaluated as 6%. The reactions were symmetric and reversible under low-current conditions, but some asymmetries were detected during high current operation. Furthermore, a two-phase reaction between cubic and tetragonal phases was observed in the low-voltage reaction at 2.1–3.5 V, where the lattice volume change was approximately 4.9%. The rate-determining step was discussed based on these operando results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Schweiss, Ruediger, Christian Meiser, and Dana Dan. "Effect of Operating Temperature on Individual Half-Cell Reactions in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries." Batteries 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040055.

Full text

Abstract:

Systematic steady-state measurements were performed in order to investigate the effect of operating temperature on the individual half-cell reactions in all vanadium redox flow cells. Results confirm that the kinetic losses are dominated by the negative half-cell reaction. Steady-state polarization and AC impedance measurements allowed for extraction of kinetic parameters (exchange current densities, activation energy) of the corresponding half-cell reaction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Tran, Phuong Mai, Canh Huy Nguyen, and Thang Manh Ngo. "RECOVERY OF NI2+ BY DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHORIC ACID (HDEHP)." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 3 (February 15, 2009): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i3.2218.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper dealts with solvent and bulk liquid membrane extraction of Ni2+ from its chloride solutions by HDEHP in n-heptane. Effects of extraction time, initial pH and Ni2+ concentration in the feed as well as HDEHP concentration in the organic phase were investigated. Solvent extraction equilibrium was established within 10 minutes. Ni2+ showed to be extracted into the organic phase preferentially as Ni(DEHP), complexes. The Ni2+ extraction yield decreased with increasing initial Ni2+ concentration, with decreasing pH and/or HDEHP concentration. The later is not only due to shifting equilibrium of Nils extraction reaction, but also due to concurent extraction of HCI. Results of bulk liquid membrane extraction could be described by the kinetics of interfacial pseudo-first order reactions. Observed rate constants were determined ⁓ 2,30.10-2 ⁒ 2,68.10-2 min-1 for concentration range [Ni2+]0 ⁓ 10-3 ⁒ 10-2 mol/l.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Wittig, Ulrike, Renate Kania, Meik Bittkowski, Elina Wetsch, Lei Shi, Lenneke Jong, Martin Golebiewski, et al. "Data extraction for the reaction kinetics database SABIO-RK." Perspectives in Science 1, no. 1-6 (May 2014): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2014.02.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Perotti, E. "Extraction of Polarization Parameters in the p̄p → Ω̄Ω Reaction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1024 (May 2018): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1024/1/012019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ai, C. S., Paul E. Blower, and R. H. Ledwith. "Extraction of chemical reaction information from primary journal text." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 30, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00066a012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Baltatzis, S., G. Georgopoulos, and P. Theodossiadis. "Fibrin Reaction after Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: A Statistical Evaluation." European Journal of Ophthalmology 3, no. 2 (April 1993): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219300300208.

Full text

Abstract:

As part of a retrospective sudy, 1056 eyes of 940 patients who had undergone extracapsular cataract surgery and posterior chamber IOL implantation were studied using statistical methods (chi-squared test). We studied the presence of fibrin reaction in three subgroups: diabetics without retinopathy (102 eyes), previously operated for primary open angle glaucoma “POAG” (78 eyes) and exfoliation syndrome without glaucoma (43 eyes). The results were compared for these three groups and for a group of normal individuals. The incidence of fibrin reaction was 13.7% in the diabetics, 44.8% in the group of previously operated POAG and 27.9% in the group of exfoliation syndrome without glaucoma. All the groups studied had this complication much more often than the controls (p < 0.0001). The incidence among previously operated eyes for POAG was higher than in diabetic eyes without retinopathy (p < 0.0005) and in exfoliation syndrome without glaucoma eyes (0.05 < p < 0.1). Fibrin reaction was more common in exfoliation syndrome without glaucoma than in diabetic eyes without retinopathy (p < 0.05).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Shomal, Reem, Hiyam Hisham, Amal Mlhem, Rawan Hassan, and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair. "Simultaneous extraction–reaction process for biodiesel production from microalgae." Energy Reports 5 (November 2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2018.11.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wang, Guopeng, He Yang, Jian Guan, Daoming Huan, Yu Liu, Honglei Cai, Ranran Peng, and Yalin Lu. "Accelerating oxygen evolution reaction via sodium extraction of Na0.71CoO2." Electrochimica Acta 268 (April 2018): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.095.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Guo, Jiang, A. Santiago Ibanez-Lopez, Hanyu Gao, Victor Quach, Connor W. Coley, Klavs F. Jensen, and Regina Barzilay. "Correction to Automated Chemical Reaction Extraction from Scientific Literature." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 61, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 4124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00834.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Liu, Cong, Daixin Huang, Liuqian Yang, Shifan Wu, Xiantao Shen, Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard, and Chuixiu Huang. "Removal of Polymerase Chain Reaction Inhibitors by Electromembrane Extraction." Analytical Chemistry 93, no. 33 (August 12, 2021): 11488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01689.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Orosco, Pablo, Oriana Barrios, and Manuel Ojeda. "Extraction of Potassium from Microcline by Chlorination." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050295.

Full text

Abstract:

A pyrometallurgical route for the extraction of potassium from microcline was investigated. The reagents used were microcline, calcite and chlorine gas. Isothermal and non-isothermal chlorination assays were performed using experimental equipment adapted for working in corrosive atmospheres. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the chlorination reaction of the microcline-calcite mixture were studied. The reaction mechanism was also investigated. The techniques used to characterize reagents and products were thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The experimental results showed that the extraction of potassium in the form of KCl begins at 700 °C for 15 min. Anorthite also starts to be produced under these conditions. The optimum conditions for quantitative extraction of potassium and selective formation of anorthite were 900 °C for 60 min.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Nguyen, Thanh Chi, Ruksakulpiwat Chaiwat, and Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat. "Extraction of Cellulose Microfibrils from Cassava Pulp." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.427.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the increasing demand of alternatives to unrenewable petroleum supplies, the use of renewable materials for industrial applications is becoming more important. In this regard, cellulose microfibrils (CM) extracted from cassava pulp (CP) are one of promising materials. The objective of this work is to develop a simple chemical treatment to obtain cellulose microfibrils from CP. The process included alkali treatment and acid hydrolysis treatment. The alkali and acid treatments of CP were carried out by using NaOH and HCl solutions, respectively. In an effort to find the optimal conditions for these chemical treatments, various reactions with different temperatures and times were carried out. Besides that, sequence of two reactions (alkali treatment and acid hydrolysis treatment) was also varied in order to find out a proper reaction order for this chemical treatment. The morphological structure, chemical composition, degree of crystallinity and thermal properties of CM were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results demonstrate that this alkali – acid treatment can remove partially non-cellulosic materials from the structure of fibers and result in higher thermal stability and degree of crystallinity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zhang, Yan Juan, Xuan Hai Li, Liu Ping Pan, and Yan Song Wei. "Effect of Mechanical Activation on Extracting Indium from Neutral Leach Residue of Zinc Calcine." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1810.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was concerned with the effects of mechanical activation (MA) on structural characterization for neutral leach residue of zinc calcine (NLR) and kinetics of indium extraction from NLR in sulphuric acid. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that MA caused the decrease in crystalline phase and increase in lattice distortion. The activation time, reaction temperature and H2SO4concentration had positive effect on indium extraction from NLR. The activation energies of the unactivated, milled for 30 and 60 min NLR samples calculated for indium extraction were 39.3, 32.1, and 30.4 kJ/mol, respectively, which indicated that MA increased the leaching kinetics of indium extraction from NLR. The empirical orders of the unactivated, activated for 30 and 60 min samples for extracting indium with respect to H2SO4concentration were 0.52, 0.51, and 0.51, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Turner, Charlotta, Jerry W. King, and Thomas McKeon. "Selected Uses of Enzymes with Critical Fluids in Analytical Chemistry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.4.797.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The use of enzymes coupled with supercritical fluid (SF)-based analytical techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), provides a safer environment platform for the analytical chemist and reduces the use of organic solvents. Incorporation of such techniques not only reduces the use of solvent in analytical laboratories, but it can also lead to overall method simplification and time savings. In this review, some of the fundamental aspects of using enzymes in the presence of SF media are discussed, particularly the influence of extraction (reaction) pressure, temperature, and water content of the extracting fluid and/or the sample matrix. Screening of optimal conditions for conducting reactions in the presence of SF media can be readily accomplished with automated serial or parallel SFE instrumentation, including selection of the proper enzyme. Numerous examples are cited, many based on lipase-initiated conversions of lipid substrates, to form useful analytical derivatives for gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, or SF chromatography analysis. In certain cases, enzymatic-aided processing of samples can permit the coupling of the extraction, sample preparation, and final analysis steps. The derived methods/techniques find application in nutritional food analyses, assays of industrial products, and micro analyses of specific samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ozawa, Tadashi C., and Takayoshi Sasaki. "Partial alkali-metal ion extraction from K0.8(Li0.27Ti1.73)O4 using PTFE as an extraction reagent." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 39 (2014): 14902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01869a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Zhou, Weizheng, Zhongming Wang, Md Asraful Alam, Jingliang Xu, Shunni Zhu, Zhenhong Yuan, Shuhao Huo, Ying Guo, Lei Qin, and Longlong Ma. "Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (January 9, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9209210.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, different kinds of ionic liquids and reaction conditions for the extraction of lipid from microalgae biomass were optimized and repeated use of ionic liquids for microalgal lipid extraction was evaluated. Morphological changes of microalgae cells were compared in terms of pre- and post-treatment to understand the mechanisms of ionic liquid treatment. Ionic liquid [BMIM][MeSO4] showed the best lipid extraction efficiency at 70°C and with reaction time of 2 hours. The ratios (ILs : methanol) of 1 : 7 and 1 : 3 were the optimum ratios to complete the extraction of the lipids from microalgae. The initial 50% volume fraction of [BMIM][MeSO4] was 16.04% of dry weight, which showed the highest five average extraction rates. The loss of ionic liquid in the reaction system and the increase in water content of ionic liquids were considered as the main reasons for the decrease in the extraction rate. It is suggested that the potential of lipid extraction in this IL-methanol co-solvent system is promising due to the high efficiency, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and other characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Extraction with reaction'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles