Dissertations / Theses: 'Extraits de plante'

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Tran, Thi Minh Hien. "Etude toxicologique et pharmacologique de principes actifs extraits de la plante "Cerbera odollam" Gaertn." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P098.

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Novais, Renata Zoccal [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resposta tecidual dos extratos vegetais aquoso e hidroalcoólico de araçá (Psidium cattleianum) pela análise edemogênica e morfológica em ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95481.

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Atualmente, tem se verificado um grande avanço científico envolvendo os estudos químicos, farmacológicos e microbiológicos de plantas medicinais que visam obter novos compostos com propriedades terapêuticas. A demonstração de notável atividade antimicrobiana de extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico de Araçá (Psidium cattleianum) sobre a microbiota bucal e a busca de substâncias que reúnam tais propriedades resguardando os princípios biológicos, nos levam a considerar uma possível utilização clínica desse extrato como coadjuvante na terapia odontológica. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta biológica imediata e tardia de soluções hidroalcoólica e aquosa preparadas à base de extrato vegetal de Araçá (Psidium cattleianum). Para a análise edemogênica (reação imediata), foram utilizados 18 ratos machos. Sob anestesia geral, os animais receberam injeção intravenosa de Azul de Evans 1%. Após 30 minutos, foi injetado 0,1mL de um dos extratos ou do controle (soro fisiológico), na região subcutânea dorsal do animal. Os animais foram sacrificados após 3 e 6 horas e as peças obtidas colocadas em formamida por 72 horas. A leitura foi realizada em espectrofotômetro com comprimento de onda de 630hm. Para a análise morfológica (reação tardia), 30 ratos receberam implantes de tubos de polietileno contendo os extratos ou o soro na região dorsal, e sacrificados após 7 e 28 dias. As peças foram processadas, cortadas e coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Os resultados obtidos através da leitura dos espécimes em microscópio óptico, em aumentos de 10 e 40x, para avaliação da espessura da cápsula fibrosa e contagem de células inflamatórias, que quantificam o infiltrado inflamatório.
Nowadays, it’s been seen great scientific advance involving chemistry, pharmacological and micro biotical researches in medicinal plants. These researches can find new components with therapeutic property. The demonstration of great anti micro biotic activity of watery vegetable and hydro alcoholic extract of araça (Psidium cattleianum) on the oral microbiota and the search form substances which can put together these properties keeping the biological principles, make us consider a possible clinical use of this extract as supporting on dentistry therapy. This way, the objective of this paper (research) was evaluate the biological immediate and late answer of hydro alcoholic and watery solutions prepared with vegetable extract of araça (Psidium cattleianum). For the edemogenic analysis (immediate reaction), we used 18 male mice. Under general anesthesia, the animals received intra shot of Evans blue 1%. 30 minutes later, it was injected 0,1mL of one of the extracts or the control (physiological serum), on the dorsal under skin region of the animal. The animals were sacrificed after 3 and 6 hours and the obtained material were put in formamide for 72 hours. The reading was made for spectrophotometer with waves length of 630nm. For the morphological analysis (late reaction), 30 mice received duct implant of polyethylene with the extracts or the serum on the dorsal region, and sacrificed after 7 and 28 days. The material were processed, cut and printed with HE. The obtained results from the reading of the species in optical microscopy, with raisings of 10 and 40x, for the thickness evaluation of the fiber capsule and counting of the damaged cells, that quantified the damaged infiltrate.

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Deyrieux, Charlotte. "Identification, characterisation and application of plant extracts with combined antioxidant and antimicrobial properties." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG070.

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L’oxydation et le développement microbien constituent les paramètres majeurs à l’origine de l’altération des produits alimentaires, notamment des aliments pour animaux. Ces dégradations affectent les qualités nutritionnelles et sensorielles des produits et peuvent avoir des répercussions au niveau sanitaire. Dans ce contexte, différents moyens de prévention sont disponibles pour limiter ces phénomènes. Parmi eux, la valorisation d’ingrédients d’origine végétale à des fins alimentaires représente un enjeu majeur pour la recherche et l’industrie. Leur utilisation en tant que conservateurs naturels pourrait constituer une alternative attractive aux antioxydants et antimicrobiens synthétiques qui souffrent d’une moindre acceptation par le consommateur.Au travers de cette étude nous avons identifié et caractérisé la performance de quinze extraits végétaux d’un point de vue antioxydant et antimicrobien. Après une caractérisation moléculaire des extraits, leur pouvoir antioxydant a été mesuré puis leur pouvoir antimicrobien sur trois souches de Salm onella. Pour cela, une procédure de sélection a été mise en place. Enfin les extraits présentant les caractéristiques les plus intéressantes ont été testés sur une vraie matrice alimentaire : des croquettes
Oxidation and microbial growth are the major parameters causing the deterioration of food products, including pet food. These degradations affect the nutritional and sensory qualities of the products and may lead to health issues. In this context, various ways of prevention are available to limit these phenomena. Among them, the promotion of plant extracts for food is a major challenge for research and industry. Their use as natural preservatives could be an attractive alternative to synthetic antioxidants or antimicrobials that suffer from lower consumer acceptance.Through this study we have identified and characterized the performance of fifteen plant extracts from an antioxidant and antimicrobial point of view. After a molecular characterization of the extracts, their antioxidant capacity was measured as well as their antimicrobial property on three Salmonella strains. The establishment of a selection procedure was made. Finally, the extracts presenting the most interesting characteristics were tested on a real food matrix: kibbles

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Marques, Vanessa Alves Arruda. "Investigação dos efeitos do extrato bruto de Tabebuia avellanedae e do principio ativo isolado 'beta'-Lapachona sobre alguns parametros imunologicos em camundongos portadores do tumor ascitico de Ehrlich." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321924.

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Orientador: Mary Luci de Souza Queiroz
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Com os recentes progressos na compreensão dos complexos mecanismos moleculares relacionados a diferentes aspectos da modulação imunológica, cada vez mais vem se tornando possível ampliar os conhecimentos acerca das potenciais interferências do ponto de vista imunopatogênico induzidas pela presença e evolução tanto de processos infecciosos quanto tumorais. Modelos experimentais vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aprimorados com a finalidade de criar condições controladas para avaliações de diferentes aspectos relativos a potenciais modificações no comportamento imunológico de linhagens celulares frente à ação de novos agentes. O modelo do Tumor Ascítico de Erlich apresentou-se como uma opção de interesse, uma vez que os conhecimentos experimentais sobre diferentes aspectos relativos a sua manipulação já fazem parte de consagrada linha de pesquisa nacional. Um dos comportamentos mais recentemente estudados a seu respeito se refere a condições onde ocorre a migração do fenótipo Th1 para Th2, relacionadas ao agravamento da doença. A busca de fontes naturais para conhecimento e aplicação de novos princípios ativos vem se caracterizando como uma das mais promissoras soluções do ponto de vista farmacêutico, e pode corresponder a uma importante área de exploração da biodiversidade nacional. Dessa forma, a proposta do presente estudo foi, unindo linhas de pesquisa bastante consolidadas e conhecimentos relativos à nossa biodiversidade, avaliar o potencial terapêutico, com foco em abordagens imunopatológicas, do extrato da planta Tabebuia avellanedae (ETA) através do modelo experimental Tumor ascítico de Ehrlich. Neste trabalho investigamos os efeitos do ETA e seu constituinte isolado, a ß-lapachona (ß-lap), sobre o crescimento e diferenciação de progenitores hematopoéticos [células formadoras de colônias de granulócitos e macrófagos (CFU-GM)], a capacidade funcional das células ¿Natural Killer¿(NK) e a produção das citocinas do perfil Th1 [fator de necrose tumoral- a (TNF-a ) e interferon- ? (IFN-?)] e do perfil Th2 [interleucina (IL)-10] de animais normais e portadores do TAE. Como esperado, o TAE produziu, concomitante à mielosupressão, um aumento no número de CFU-GM esplênico. O tratamento destes animais com a dose de 120mg/kg de ETA, administrado por 7 dias após a inoculação do tumor, demonstrou uma maior eficácia, produzindo aumento na mielopoiese, redução no numero de colônias esplênicas e reversão dos fatores estimuladores de colônias (CSF) induzidos pelo TAE. Além disso, esta dose de ETA produziu a melhor eficácia na sobrevida de animais portadores do TAE, aumentando em 42% a duração da sobrevida. No entanto, doses de 30 e 500mg/kg não afetaram a mielosupressão e a hematopoese extramedular induzidas pelo tumor. O tratamento dos animais portadores do TAE com 1, 2 ou 5mg/kg de ß-lap por 3 dias após a inoculação do tumor resultou em um padrão semelhante de dose resposta, sendo a mielosupressão prevenida apenas com a dose de 1mg/kg. Interessante observar que esta dose prolongou a duração na sobrevida de animais portadores do TAE de maneira similar à dose mais eficaz do ETA, ambos em 42%. Nosso estudo também demonstrou importantes diferenças entre os tratamentos com ETA e ß-lap. Neste sentido, animais normais tratados com 2 e 5mg/kg de ß-lap apresentaram hematopoese extramedular, respectivamente 2 e 3 vezes maior que o CFU-GM de animais normais. Além disso, uma drástica mielosupressão foi observada após tratamento com ß-lap 5mg/kg, atingindo valores similares aos observados nos animais portadores do TAE e não tratados. Quanto à produção de citocinas, o tratamento com 120mg/kg de ETA impediu a polarização Th1-Th2 encontrada nos animais portadores do TAE. Neste sentido, o tratamento destes animais aumentou os níveis de secreção de TNF-a e IFN-? e reduziu os níveis de IL-10, aumentados durante a evolução temporal do TAE. O estudo da atividade funcional das células NK em animais portadores do tumor e tratados com EAT demonstrou um aumento na capacidade citotóxica das células NK, a qual se encontrava reduzida. O tratamento destes animais com ß-lap 1mg/kg impediu parcialmente a polarização Th1-Th2 em animais portadores, assim como demonstrou aumento parcial na capacidade citotóxica das células NK. Estes resultados sugerem que a eficácia antitumoral demonstrada pelo ETA pode estar relacionada com seu constituinte, a ß-lap. Por outro lado, a ausência de constituintes associados presentes no extrato bruto pode ser responsável pelos efeitos inibitórios dose-dependentes deste composto na hematopoese de animais normais. A comparação entre efeitos de um extrato vegetal e um de seus constituintes ativos isolado é outro aspecto a ser considerado, sendo importante etapa no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos de origem vegetal
Abstract: In accordance with the recent progress in the understanding of immunological and molecular mechanisms related to the different aspects of immunological modulation, the improvement of knowledge about the potential interferences, at the immunopathogenic point of view, induced by the presence and evolution of infectious diseases or neoplastic process has increased. Experimental models have been developed and refined in order to create appropriate conditions to evaluate different aspects related to potential changes in the immunological behaviors of determinate cell lines with the presence of new pharmacological agents. The Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) model is an option of interest, since the accumulated experimental knowledge about its manipulation is part of a consolidated research line. One of its more recently studied behaviors is concerned with situations where the migration from Th1 to Th2 phenotype occurs, at the same time with the disease impairment. The search for new natural sources of pharmaceutical active principles and the careful and detailed studies about them, has been characterized as one of most promising therapeutic solutions at the moment, and would be seen as a strategic way to explore the national biodiversity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to combine the well known techniques related to the Ehrlich ascites tumor changing behavior with a potential active principle from our botanical biodiversity, the Tabebuia avellanedae extract (TACE), in order to evaluate its immunological therapeutic potential. The effects of TACE and its isolated naphtoquinone, ß-lapachone (ß-lap), on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in normal and EAT-bearing mice were studied. Myelosupression concomitant with an increased number of spleen CFU-GM was observed in tumour-bearing mice. Treatment of these animals with the dose of 120mg/Kg TACE given for seven days after tumour inoculation elicited optimal modulatory effects on bone marrow formation and also produced a favourable response for the reduction of splenic haematopoiesis. Increased serum colony-stimulating activity induced by the tumour was also reversed with this dose-regimen. In addition, this dose-schedule showed the better efficacy in prolonging life span of EAT-bearing mice, with an extension of 42% in the duration of survival. Conversely, the doses of 30 and 500mg/kg hardly affected the myelosuppression and extramedular hematopoiesis induced by the tumor. Treatment of tumour-bearing mice with 1, 2 and 5mg/kg ß-lap given for 3 days after tumour inoculation resulted in a similar pattern of dose response, with tumour-induced myelosupression being prevented only with the 1mg/kg dose. Surprisingly, this dose-schedule prolonged the duration of survival by the same rate of 42% observed with the optimal dose of TACE. However, an important divergent response of ß-lap was its stimulating effect on the extramedular hematopoiesis of normal mice treated with the doses of 2 and 5mg/kg, which produced, respectively, 2 and 3-fold increases of CFU-GM in the spleen. In addition, in the group of normal mice exposed to the dose of 5mg/kg, a drastic reduction in the number of bone marrow CFU-GM was observed, reaching levels as low as those found in non-treated tumour bearers. We also investigated the effects of TACE and ß-lap on the natural killer cell activity (NK) and on Th1 [tumor necrosis factor- a (TNF-a ) and interferon- ? (IFN-?)] and Th2 [interleukin (IL)-10] responses in normal and EAT-bearing mice. Regarding the production of cytokines, the treatment with TACE blocked the Th1-Th2 polarization found during the EAT progression. In this respect, the treatment of these animals with TACE 120mg/kg increased the TNF-a and IFN-? levels and reduced the levels of IL-10, increased during the temporal evolution of EAT. In relation to the functional activity of NK cells, the treatment with this same dose of TACE enhanced the NK cell function, reduced during the EAT growth. The treatment of these animals with ß-lap 1mg/kg produced a significant, but partial response on NK cell activity on EAT-bearing mice. In this respect, this compound only partially increased the TNF-a and IFN-? levels and reduced the levels of IL-10, increased during the temporal evolution of EAT. These findings suggest that the antitumoral efficacy demonstrated by the crude extract of T. avellanedae might be related to its constituent, the ß-lapachone. On the other hand, the absence of the associated constituents present in the crude extract might be responsible for the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of this biosynthetic compound on normal murine hematopoiesis. The comparison between a total vegetal extract and some of its isolated compounds remain another significant aspect in phytochemical research, specially focused in new medicines discovery
Doutorado
Medicina Experimental
Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica

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Fayad, Syntia. "Développement d’outils ultra-performants de criblage enzymatique de produits naturels par électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2032.

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Le vieillissement de la peau est l'un des signes extérieurs du passage du temps. Avec l’âge, la peau devient plus sèche et se ride suite à la dégradation des macromolécules de la matrice extracellulaire par des enzymes cutanées telles que l’élastase, l’hyaluronidase et la collagénase. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer des tests enzymatiques miniaturisés en électrophorèse capillaire pour cribler des extraits de plantes et identifier de nouveaux bioactifs pour la cosmétique et le bienêtre de la peau. Ces essais ont été développés soit en dehors du capillaire (qui sert uniquement de milieu de séparation) ou dans le capillaire (qui sert alors de nanoréacteur enzymatique), puis optimisés pour permettre la détermination des constantes cinétiques (Km, Vmax et IC₅₀). La diffusion transversale des réactifs (TDLFP) a été appliquée pour mélanger les créneaux de réactifs injectés dans le capillaire. Des détecteurs tels que la fluorescence induite par laser ou la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution ont été couplés à l’électrophorèse capillaire afin d’atteindre de fortes sensibilités de détection et la possibilité d’identifier les produits de la réaction enzymatique. Ces essais miniaturisés ont été appliqués à des algues extraites par électroporation ou à des plantes régionales extraites par des technologies vertes afin d’évaluer leur activité biologique vis-à-vis des enzymes de la peau. Les essais développés sont fiables, robustes et économes en réactifs. Enfin, l’utilisation d’une nouvelle technique d’analyse, la thermophorèse à micro-échelle, s’est montrée très utile et pleine d’espoir pour l’étude des interactions enzyme-effecteur
Skin aging is one of the exterior/external signs of the passage of time. With age, the skin becomes drier and gets wrinkled due to the degradation of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix by skin enzymes such as elastase, hyaluronidase and collagenase. The aim of this thesis is to develop miniaturized enzymatic assays by capillary electrophoresis to screen plant extracts and identify new bioactives for cosmetics and skin wellbeing. These assays were developed either outside the capillary (which serves only as a separation tool) or in the capillary (which then serves as an enzymatic nanoreactor) then optimized to allow the determination of kinetic constants (Km, Vmax and IC₅₀). Tranvserse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) was applied to mix the reactants injected into the capillary. Detectors such as laser-induced fluorescence or high-resolution mass spectrometry have been coupled to capillary electrophoresis to achieve high sensitivities of detection and the possibility of identifying the products of the enzymatic reaction. These miniaturized assays were applied to algae extracted by electroporation or to regional plants extracted by green technologies in order to evaluate their biological activity towards skin enzymes. The assays developed are reliable, robust and economic in reactants consumption. Finally, the use of a new analytical technique, microscale thermophoresis, was shown to be very useful and hopeful for the study of enzyme-effector interactions

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Valentim, Diego [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resposta tecidual de extratos de araçá (Psidium Cattleianum) associado ao hidróxido de cálcio: análise edemogênica e histológica em ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123779.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Extratos de folhas de araçá (Psidium cattleianum) são biocompatíveis e quando associados ao hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] inibe o Enterococcus faecalis em 24 horas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual dos extratos da folha de araçá associado com Ca(OH)2, por meio da análise edemogênica e histológica. Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos (Wistar) pesando entre 200g e 280g. Para a análise edemogênica foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em 3 grupos [Extrato aquoso + Ca(OH)2 (A), Extrato etanólico + Ca(OH)2 (B), Propilenoglicol + Ca(OH)2 (C)], com 10 animais sendo 5 para cada período de 3 e 6 horas. Sob anestesia geral foram injetados 0,2ml/100g de massa corporal de Azul de Evans a 1% na veia peniana, após 30 minutos foi injetado no subcutâneo da região dorsal cada associação a ser avaliada. A análise edemogênica foi realizada por meio de espectrofotometria (λ=630ηm) após 3 e 6 horas. Para análise da reação inflamatória foram utilizados 50 ratos, que receberam quatro tubos de polietileno contendo os grupos experimentais citados anteriormente e um grupo controle (tubo vazio). Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. As lâminas obtidas foram analisadas na coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina atribuindo-se escores para intensidade da resposta tecidual. Observou-se que para a análise edemogênica a associação do extrato etanólico ao Ca(OH)2 mostrou no período de 3 horas maior edema em comparação aos outros grupos (p<0,05). No período de 6 horas os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante. Para a análise histológica foi observada evolução do reparo ao longo do tempo (p<0,05), os extratos aquoso e etanólico apresentaram resposta semelhante aos grupos controle e Ca(OH)2 + propilenoglicol. Pode-se concluir que a utilização de extratos de araçá como veículo do Ca(OH)2 apresentam resposta tecidual favorável assim como o propilenoglicol associado ao Ca(OH)2
Leaf extracts from 'araçá' (Psidium cattleianum) are biocompatible and when combined with calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2] inhibits Enterococcus faecalis in 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue respons of the 'araça' leaf extracts associated to Ca(OH)2 by edemogenic and histological analysis. Eighty male wistar rats weighing between 200 and 280g were used in this study. For edemogenic analysis, 30 animals were divided in 3 groups (n=10) - (a) aqueous 'araça' extract + Ca(OH)2; (b) ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; (c) propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2. Half of the specimens were evaluated after 3 hours and half after 6 hours. Under general anesthesia, 0,2ml/100g body weight of 1% Evans blue were injected in the penile vein. After 30 minutes, each studied substance was injected in the subcutaneous. Edemogenic analysis was performed though spectrophotometry (λ=630ηm) after 3 and 6 hours. For the inflammatory reaction evaluation, 50 rats were used. Each rat received 4 polyethylene tubes containing the studied substances and one empty tube (control). Evaluation periods were 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and scores were attributed for intensity of tissue response. The association of ethanolic extract to Ca(OH)2 presented larger edema after 3 hours than the other groups (p<0.05). After 6 hours there was no significant difference. On the histological analysis, an evolution on tissue repair was observed over time. The extract groups presented similar response to the Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol and control. In conclusion that the use of guava extract as vehicle of Ca (OH)2 exhibit favorable tissue response as well as propylene associated with Ca (OH)2

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Valentim, Diego. "Avaliação da resposta tecidual de extratos de araçá (Psidium Cattleianum) associado ao hidróxido de cálcio : análise edemogênica e histológica em ratos /." Araçatuba, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123779.

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Orientador: Eloi Dezan Júnior
Banca: José Flávio Affonso de Almeida
Banca: Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
Resumo: Extratos de folhas de araçá (Psidium cattleianum) são biocompatíveis e quando associados ao hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] inibe o Enterococcus faecalis em 24 horas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual dos extratos da folha de araçá associado com Ca(OH)2, por meio da análise edemogênica e histológica. Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos (Wistar) pesando entre 200g e 280g. Para a análise edemogênica foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em 3 grupos [Extrato aquoso + Ca(OH)2 (A), Extrato etanólico + Ca(OH)2 (B), Propilenoglicol + Ca(OH)2 (C)], com 10 animais sendo 5 para cada período de 3 e 6 horas. Sob anestesia geral foram injetados 0,2ml/100g de massa corporal de Azul de Evans a 1% na veia peniana, após 30 minutos foi injetado no subcutâneo da região dorsal cada associação a ser avaliada. A análise edemogênica foi realizada por meio de espectrofotometria (λ=630ηm) após 3 e 6 horas. Para análise da reação inflamatória foram utilizados 50 ratos, que receberam quatro tubos de polietileno contendo os grupos experimentais citados anteriormente e um grupo controle (tubo vazio). Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. As lâminas obtidas foram analisadas na coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina atribuindo-se escores para intensidade da resposta tecidual. Observou-se que para a análise edemogênica a associação do extrato etanólico ao Ca(OH)2 mostrou no período de 3 horas maior edema em comparação aos outros grupos (p<0,05). No período de 6 horas os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante. Para a análise histológica foi observada evolução do reparo ao longo do tempo (p<0,05), os extratos aquoso e etanólico apresentaram resposta semelhante aos grupos controle e Ca(OH)2 + propilenoglicol. Pode-se concluir que a utilização de extratos de araçá como veículo do Ca(OH)2 apresentam resposta tecidual favorável assim como o propilenoglicol associado ao Ca(OH)2
Abstract: Leaf extracts from 'araçá' (Psidium cattleianum) are biocompatible and when combined with calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2] inhibits Enterococcus faecalis in 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue respons of the 'araça' leaf extracts associated to Ca(OH)2 by edemogenic and histological analysis. Eighty male wistar rats weighing between 200 and 280g were used in this study. For edemogenic analysis, 30 animals were divided in 3 groups (n=10) - (a) aqueous 'araça' extract + Ca(OH)2; (b) ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; (c) propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2. Half of the specimens were evaluated after 3 hours and half after 6 hours. Under general anesthesia, 0,2ml/100g body weight of 1% Evans blue were injected in the penile vein. After 30 minutes, each studied substance was injected in the subcutaneous. Edemogenic analysis was performed though spectrophotometry (λ=630ηm) after 3 and 6 hours. For the inflammatory reaction evaluation, 50 rats were used. Each rat received 4 polyethylene tubes containing the studied substances and one empty tube (control). Evaluation periods were 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and scores were attributed for intensity of tissue response. The association of ethanolic extract to Ca(OH)2 presented larger edema after 3 hours than the other groups (p<0.05). After 6 hours there was no significant difference. On the histological analysis, an evolution on tissue repair was observed over time. The extract groups presented similar response to the Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol and control. In conclusion that the use of guava extract as vehicle of Ca (OH)2 exhibit favorable tissue response as well as propylene associated with Ca (OH)2
Mestre

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Sousa, Maria José Batista de. "Avaliação do Potencial Genotóxico e Mutagênico de Extratos Padronizados de Caesalpinia ferrea (jucá) e Brosimum gaudichaudii (inharé)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3718.

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The species Brosimum gaudichaudii (family Moraceae) and Caesalpinia ferrea (family Fabaceae) are widely distributed throughout Brazil and are considered medicinal plants. The extract of Brosimum gaudichaudii bark has been indicated for the treatment of skin blemishes and vitiligo. On the other hand, the extract of Caesalpinia ferrea fruit has been used due to its therapeutic properties as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. Much of the medicinal plant extracts constituents are unknown and may be toxic to human and animal health, so it is necessary to study the qualitative phytochemical of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential of the extracts of these species. In this study, in order to evaluate the mutagenic and / or genotoxic effects, different concentrations of the extractive solutions of B. gaudichaudii and C. ferrea were evaluated in vivo in Astyanax sp and Allium cepa, and ex vivo, by the micronucleus test in T lymphocytes humans. Data were submitted to Kruskall-Wallis a non-parametric test and then to simple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The Allium cepa test, micronucleus test for human T lymphocytes and erythrocytes of Astyanax sp did not indicate mutagenic and / or genotoxic potential of phytochemicals (p> 0.05) when compared to the non-exposed controls, except the concentration of 5 mg/L of B. gaudichaudii that showed cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the comet assay revealed genotoxic action for all concentrations evaluated for the tail length parameter of the comet. For the moment parameter of Olive's tail only the 20mg /L concentration of Caesalpinia ferrea extract was genotoxic. Therefore, apical meristematic cells from the roots of Allium cepa and human T lymphocytes did not present genotoxic and / or mutagenic changes induced by exposure to both plant extracts detectable by micronuclei tests or mitotic index reduction. Genotoxic effect was evidenced by the tail length and tail moment parameter of Olive in the Comet Assay only for C. ferrea extract in the erythrocytes of Astyanax sp. In order to understand the genotoxic and mutagenic activities of B. gaudichaudii and C. ferrea it is important to increase the number of studies to establish safer doses for human consumption.
As espécies Brosimum gaudichaudii (família Moraceae) e Caesalpinia ferrea da família Fabaceae são amplamente distribuídas pelo território brasileiro e são consideradas plantas medicinais. O extrato das cascas de Brosimum gaudichaudii tem sido indicado para tratamento de mancha de pele e vitiligo. Por outro lado, o extrato dos frutos de Caesalpinia ferrea tem sido usado devido suas propriedades terapêuticas como ação antibacteriana, antiinflamatória e analgésica. A maioria dos fitoquímicos presentes nos extratos de plantas medicinais ainda não foram completamente estudados e podem ser tóxicos para a saúde humana e animal. Nesse sentido, é necessário estudos fitoquímicos qualitativos de metabólitos secundários e avaliação do potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico dos extratos destas espécies. Nesse estudo, visando avaliar os efeitos mutagênico e/ou genotóxico, diferentes concentrações das soluções extrativas de B. gaudichaudii e C. ferrea foram avaliadas in vivo em Astyanax sp e em Allium cepa, e em ex vivo, pelo teste de micronúcleos em linfócitos T humanos. Os resultados observados das análises foram submetidos ao teste não paramétrico Kruskall-Wallis e posteriormente a regressão linear simples com nível de significância 5%. O teste em Allium cepa, teste de micronúcleo em linfócitos T humanos e em eritrócitos de Astyanax sp não indicaram potencial mutagênico e/ou genotóxico dos fitoconstituintes (p>0,05) quando comparado aos controles não expostos, exceto a concentração de 5g/L de B. gaudichaudii que apresentou citotoxicidade (p=0,038). Por outro lado, o ensaio cometa, revelou ação genotóxica para todas as concentrações avaliadas no parâmetro comprimento da cauda do cometa, para o parâmetro momento da cauda de Olive, apenas a concentração de 20mg/L do extrato de Caesalpinia ferrea mostrou-se genotóxica. Nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados evidenciou danos genéticos resultantes da exposição aos extratos das cascas do caule de B. gaudichaudii. Portanto, as células meristemáticas apicais das raízes de Allium cepa e os linfócitos T humanos não apresentaram alterações genotóxicas e/ou mutagênicas induzidas pela exposição a ambos extratos vegetais que pudesse ser detectadas pelos testes do micronúcleos ou redução do índice mitóticos. Enquanto, nos eritrócitos de Astyanax sp foi evidenciado ação genotóxica pelo parâmetro comprimento da cauda do cometa e momento de da cauda de Olive somente para o extrato de C. ferrea. Diante do exposto, há necessidade de ampliar os estudos para melhor compreensão das atividades genotóxicas e/ou mutagênicas dos extratos de B. gaudichaudii e C. ferrea visando o estabelecimento de doses mais seguras para o consumo humano.

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Case, Olivia Hildegard. "An assessment of medicinal hemp plant extracts as natural antibiotic and immune modulation phytotherapies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal hemp plant extracts to determine the antibacterial effects of indigenous Sansevieria species and exotic Cannabis sativa phytotherapy varieties. This study also assessed whether aqueous o

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Tshidino, Shonisani Cathphonia. "Efficacy of two medical plant extracts and metformin in the prevention of diet induced fatty liver." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9066.

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Non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is manifested in the absent of alcohol abuse. This disease is the major cause of liver failure and death among adults and children worldwide, including South Africa. Its increasing prevalence urges the need of therapeutic intervention. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the following: (1) The effect of 38.9% high fat diet (HFD)‐induced insulin resistance and fatty liver in male Wistar rats, (2) The efficacy of aqueous extracts from Sutherlandia frutescens leaves and Prunus africana bark and metformin in the treatment of HFDinduced insulin resistance and fatty liver. Male Wistar rats were fed on HFD (the HF group) or normal rat chow (the LF group) for 12 weeks. Even though the HFD‐fed rats had developed insulin resistance by week 12, fatty liver developed by week 16. After week 12, the HF group was divided into four groups of 6‐7 rats each and three of those groups were gavaged with either 0.125 mg P. africana extract/kg bwt/day (the HF+Pa group) or 50 mg S. frutescens extract kg bwt/day (the HF+Sf group) or 16 mg metformin/ kg bwt/day (HF+Met group), while kept on the same diet for an additional of 4 weeks, to investigate whether two medicinal plant extracts and metformin can prevent HFD to induce fatty liver or not. After 16 weeks, the liver histological images revealed that the HF group developed fatty liver in the form of both microsteatosis and macrosteatosis. Fatty liver was confirmed by significant increased liver total lipid (TL) and activities of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (cG6PD) and xanthine oxidase (XO), mitochondrial NADH oxidase (mNOX) and by a decrease (P<0.05) in the activities of the homogenate superoxide dismutase (hSOD) and mitochondrial complex II in the HF group, when compared to the LF group. Since the activities of mCS and cACL enzymes were not changed in the HF group, hence increased cG6PD activity in the HF group indicates that there was increased NADPH demand for lipid accumulation from activated NEFAs taken up by the liver from circulation and for maintenance of the NADPH‐dependent antioxidants and oxidants, respectively. The obtained data also show that mitochondria of the HFD‐fed rats adapted to an increase in energy availability, thereby compensation through decreasing complex II activity, to allow electron flux from β‐oxidation to respiratory chain in the HF group. Liver TL content was significantly decreased in the rats treated with metformin and P. africana extract, but not in the rats treated with S. frutescens when compared to the HF group (P < 0.05). However, the TL content remained >5% per liver weight in all treated groups. The present study demonstrates that these two plant extracts and metformin have different glucogenic and lipogenic effects from that presented by HFD alone when compared to the LFD alone. In conclusion, metformin and P. africana extract can attenuate HFD‐induced fatty liver without changing the dietary habits. Hence S. frutescens extract is less effective in the prevention of HFD‐induced fatty liver. A change in the dietary habits is recommended to be considered during the use of these three remedies in the treatment of HFD‐induced insulin resistance and fatty liver. All three treatments enhanced antioxidant capacity, and may improve insulin resistance and fatty liver mediated by the present HFD through different mechanism of actions in the liver.

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Coelho, Jéssica Aparecida. "Avaliação in vitro das atividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos orgânicos das cascas da do fruto jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2959.

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Currently, research related to natural products, mainly those of plant origin, has been strongly encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO), once the use of plants with proven or unproven medicinal properties are of great influence on public health. Among the high medicinal potential plants, the species Myrciaria cauliflora Berg, which belongs to the Myrtaceae family, popularly known as `Jabuticaba`, a typical Brazilian fruit, is used in popular medicine to treat angina pectoris, dysentery, inflammation and asthma. Aiming to highlight the importance of the use of plants for the treatment of various diseases, the aim of this work was to identify the bioactive compounds present in Jabuticaba peel, and to perform in vitro tests of antioxidant action, antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic effect against red blood cells. The tests were carried out with the aim of obtaining results that could prove the possible pharmacological activities of the organic extracts, for further development of formulation with the use of pharmaceutical technology. Bioprospecting studies from the Brazilian flora represent concrete possibilities in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents, as well as the improvement and the discovery of new technologies in the most diverse industrial branches, with emphasis in the health sector.
Atualmente as pesquisas relacionadas aos produtos naturais, principalmente os de origem vegetal, têm sido incentivadas fortemente pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), visto que o uso de plantas com propriedades medicinais, comprovadas ou não, são de grande influência na saúde pública. Dentre as plantas com um alto potencial medicinal, destaca-se a espécie vegetal Myrciaria cauliflora Berg, pertencente à família Myrtaceae, conhecida popularmente como jabuticaba, fruta tipicamente brasileira, utilizada na medicina popular para tratar anginas do peito, disenterias, inflamações e asma. Visando ressaltar a importância do uso de plantas para o tratamento de diversos males, o intuito desse trabalho foi realizar a identificação dos compostos bioativos presentes nas cascas da jabuticaba, além, de realizar testes in vitro de ação antioxidante, potencial antimicrobiano e efeito citotóxico frente a hemácias humanas. Os testes foram realizados com o intuito de obter resultados que comprovassem as possíveis atividades farmacológicas dos extratos orgânicos, para posterior desenvolvimento de formulação com o uso de tecnologia farmacêutica. Estudos de bioprospecção a partir da flora brasileira, representam possibilidades concretas na descoberta de novos agentes antimicrobianos, assim como o aprimoramente e descobrimento de novas tecnologias nos mais diversos ramos industriais, com ênfase no setor da saúde.

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Masangwa, Johnny Isaac Gregorio. "The effect of plant extracts on anthracnose of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31458.

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Anthracnose is one of the serious diseases of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by the Colletotrichum fungi. The disease is prevalent is small holder farmers’ fields due to the scarcity and high cost of the synthetic fungicides. This study was conducted with the main aim of improving food security and income of the smallholder farmers by increasing legumes, P. vulgaris and V. unguiculata thereby increasing production and improve food security and income of smallholder farmers. Investigations involved in vitro bioassaying for antifungal activities of the crude extracts on Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Bri. and Cav. and Colletotrichum dematium (Fr.) Grove var. truncata field isolates and evaluating the effect of crude plant extracts seed treatments on seed germination, emergence and control of anthracnose disease of common bean and cowpea. Furthermore, ultra-structural changes of plant extracts treated and efficacy of foliar application of extracts. The in vitro study showed that Allium sativum L., Agapanthus caulescens Spreng., Carica papaya L. and Syzygium cordatum Hochst.ex Krauss extracts have good antifungal activities against both C. lindemuthianum and C. dematium. The low concentrations (5 mg.ml-1) of Syzygium and Agapanthus water extracts and acetone extracts of Agapanthus and Carica gave a high percentage of bean seed germination, emergence, short mean emergence time (MET) and were effective in controlling the anthracnose disease. The treatment of Agapanthus (both water and acetone) extracts also increased the shoot length and dry weight of the seedlings. The Allium acetone extracts (5 mg.ml-1) was the only treatment that gave good results with respect to germination percentages, MET, shoot length, leaf area and dry mass of cowpea. Five mg.ml-1 concentrations of Syzygium and Agapanthus water extracts and acetone extracts of Agapanthus and Carica have potential as seed treatments on bean. Allium acetone extract (5 mg.ml-1) was the only potential cowpea seed treatment that could be recommended to farmers as an alternative to the synthetic fungicide. Electron microscopy revealed that principle differences were observed in the cotyledon-embryo connecting tissues of seeds treated with Agapanthus, which had few cristae in their mitochondria than the cells from other treatments. The embryonic root cells of bean seeds treated with Agapanthus had coalescing protein bodies. The embryonic root cells of cowpea and bean treated with Syzygium had fewer lipid bodies as compared to the control and the Agapanthus treated seeds. Bean plants that were foliar treated with the 15 mg.ml-1 concentrations of Allium water, Agapanthus water, Carica water, Agapanthus acetone, Carica 5 and 15 mg.ml-1 acetone, Syzygium 5 mg.ml-1 acetone extracts and the combinations (2.5 mg.ml-1 + 2.5 mg.ml-1) of Allium + Agapanthus, Allium + Carica, Agapanthus + Syzygium and Carica + Syzygium extracts registered low anthracnose (C. lindemuthianum,) disease severity and high leaf area. The cowpea plants treated with 15 mg.ml-1 water extracts of Agapanthus and the combinations of Allium + Agapanthus, Agapanthus + Carica and Agapanthus + Syzygium extracts recorded low cowpea anthracnose (C. dematium) disease severity, highest leaf area and dry mass. The study revealed that A. sativum, Agapanthus, C. papaya and S. cordatum plant extracts have antifungal activities and can be used as alternative seed treatments and foliar fungicides against the anthracnose diseases of legumes (cowpea and common bean) instead of synthetic fungicides without causing any negative effect on seed germination, emergence, ultra-structure of seeds and plant growth. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Massunari, Loiane [UNESP]. "Análise da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker e Psidium Cattleianum frente a microrganismos endodônticos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115681.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Na busca por fontes alternativas de antimicrobianos, diversos autores tem explorado o uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de várias doenças. A atividade antimicrobiana de várias espécies de plantas como, Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker e Psidium cattleianum, popularmente chamadas de erva-baleeira, guaco e de araçá, respectivamente, tem sido relatada contra diversos microrganismos orais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos hidroetanólico bruto e as suas respectivas frações aquosa, butanol, hexano e acetato de etila de Cordia verbenacea (CV) e Mikania laevigata (ML) e extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico de Psidium cattleianum (PC) contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii e Candida albicans, sob condições planctônicas e de biofilme. Os microrganismos foram analisados em condições planctônicas por meio de ensaios para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração letal mínima (CLM), pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Posteriormente, foram selecionados somente os extratos capazes de eliminar completamente cada microrganismo (CLM 100%), para a análise da atividade antimicrobiana em ensaios de biofilme. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de CIM e CLM variaram de 250 à 4000?g/ml. O biofilme formado por E. faecalis foi eliminado frente à ação dos extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico de PC e à fração acetato de etila de ML. A mesma fração de ML e o extrato hidroetanólico de PC também foram capazes de eliminar biofilme de P. aeruginosa. O mesmo ocorreu com as frações hexânicas de CV e ML e o extrato hidroetanólico de ML frente ao biofilme de A. israelii. Nenhum extrato/fração foi capaz de eliminar biofilme de C. albicans. Este estudo demonstrou o potencial antimicrobiano de extratos ou frações de Cordia verbenacea, Mikania laevigata...
Seeking for alternative sources of the antimicrobials, several authors have explored the use of herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases. The antimicrobial activity of various species of plants, such as Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker and Psidium cattleianum, known as erva-baleeira, guaco and araçá, respectively, has been reported against several oral microorganisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Cordia verbenacea (CV) and Mikania laevigata (ML) hydroethanolic crude extracts and their fractions aqueous, butanol, hexane and ethyl acetate and aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Psidium cattleianum (PC) against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans, under planktonic and biofilm conditions. The microorganisms in planktonic conditions were analyzed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) assays using the microdilution broth method. Posteriorly, only the extracts that were able to totally eliminate each microorganism (MLC 100%) were selected for the antimicrobial activity analysis in the biofilm assay. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 250 and 4000?g/ml. E. faecalis biofilm was eliminated by PC aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts and the ML ethyl acetate fraction. The same ML fraction and PC hydroethanolic extract were also able to eliminate the P. aeruginosa biofilm. The same occurred with the CV and ML hexane fractions and ML hydroethanolic extract against the A. israelii biofilm. None of the extracts/fractions were able to eliminate the C. albicans biofilm. This study confirmed the antimicrobial activity potential of Cordia verbenacea, Mikania laevigata and Psidium cattleianum, suggesting their use for endodontic purposes due to their effectiveness against pathogens associated with persistent or se...

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Massunari, Loiane. "Análise da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker e Psidium Cattleianum frente a microrganismos endodônticos /." Araçatuba, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115681.

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Orientador: Cristiane Duque
Coorientador: Eloi Dezan Júnior
Banca: Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
Banca: Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio
Resumo: Na busca por fontes alternativas de antimicrobianos, diversos autores tem explorado o uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de várias doenças. A atividade antimicrobiana de várias espécies de plantas como, Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker e Psidium cattleianum, popularmente chamadas de erva-baleeira, guaco e de araçá, respectivamente, tem sido relatada contra diversos microrganismos orais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos hidroetanólico bruto e as suas respectivas frações aquosa, butanol, hexano e acetato de etila de Cordia verbenacea (CV) e Mikania laevigata (ML) e extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico de Psidium cattleianum (PC) contra Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii e Candida albicans, sob condições planctônicas e de biofilme. Os microrganismos foram analisados em condições planctônicas por meio de ensaios para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração letal mínima (CLM), pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Posteriormente, foram selecionados somente os extratos capazes de eliminar completamente cada microrganismo (CLM 100%), para a análise da atividade antimicrobiana em ensaios de biofilme. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de CIM e CLM variaram de 250 à 4000μg/ml. O biofilme formado por E. faecalis foi eliminado frente à ação dos extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico de PC e à fração acetato de etila de ML. A mesma fração de ML e o extrato hidroetanólico de PC também foram capazes de eliminar biofilme de P. aeruginosa. O mesmo ocorreu com as frações hexânicas de CV e ML e o extrato hidroetanólico de ML frente ao biofilme de A. israelii. Nenhum extrato/fração foi capaz de eliminar biofilme de C. albicans. Este estudo demonstrou o potencial antimicrobiano de extratos ou frações de Cordia verbenacea, Mikania laevigata...
Abstract: Seeking for alternative sources of the antimicrobials, several authors have explored the use of herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases. The antimicrobial activity of various species of plants, such as Cordia verbenacea DC, Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker and Psidium cattleianum, known as erva-baleeira, guaco and araçá, respectively, has been reported against several oral microorganisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Cordia verbenacea (CV) and Mikania laevigata (ML) hydroethanolic crude extracts and their fractions aqueous, butanol, hexane and ethyl acetate and aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Psidium cattleianum (PC) against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans, under planktonic and biofilm conditions. The microorganisms in planktonic conditions were analyzed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) assays using the microdilution broth method. Posteriorly, only the extracts that were able to totally eliminate each microorganism (MLC 100%) were selected for the antimicrobial activity analysis in the biofilm assay. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 250 and 4000μg/ml. E. faecalis biofilm was eliminated by PC aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts and the ML ethyl acetate fraction. The same ML fraction and PC hydroethanolic extract were also able to eliminate the P. aeruginosa biofilm. The same occurred with the CV and ML hexane fractions and ML hydroethanolic extract against the A. israelii biofilm. None of the extracts/fractions were able to eliminate the C. albicans biofilm. This study confirmed the antimicrobial activity potential of Cordia verbenacea, Mikania laevigata and Psidium cattleianum, suggesting their use for endodontic purposes due to their effectiveness against pathogens associated with persistent or se...
Mestre

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Carvalho, Marcia Eugenia Amaral de. "Efeitos do extrato de Ascophyllum nodosum sobre o desenvolvimento e produção de cultivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-13032013-133345/.

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Com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho de culturas agrícolas, a utilização de extratos de algas tem aumentado, principalmente por ser uma alternativa ao uso de fertilizantes e por ser ecologicamente correta. A alga marinha Ascophyllum nodosum destaca-se dentre as espécies comumente empregadas para esta finalidade, e tem sido muito estudada por suas propriedades que incluem desde a promoção de crescimento vegetal ao uso na alimentação humana e animal. Numerosos estudos têm revelado vários efeitos benéficos da aplicação de extratos de algas em plantas, tais como a precocidade germinativa de sementes e de seu estabelecimento, melhoria do desempenho e da produtividade vegetal e elevada resistência a estresses bióticos e abióticos. Múltiplos processos fisiológicos, bioquímicos e genéticos estão envolvidos nas respostas dos vegetais e os efeitos observados a partir das aplicações podem ser diretos ou indiretos. Entretanto, os mecanismos de ação do extrato de A. nodosum ainda são pouco conhecidos e a sua elucidação é importante para a elaboração de estratégias que favoreçam o aumento da produtividade vegetal. Deste modo, torna-se relevante o estudo dos efeitos do extrato de alga sobre a fisiologia do crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade de espécies utilizadas em grandes culturas. O milho, a soja, o trigo e o feijão figuram entre as 10 culturas com maiores áreas de cultivo e volumes de produção no Brasil. Todas possuem múltiplas utilidades, alcançando relevância econômica e social não somente para este país, como também para o mundo, e por isso foram escolhidas para este estudo.
Aiming to improve the crop performance, the use of seaweed extracts has increased mainly because it is an alternative to the use of fertilizers and for being environmentally friendly. The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum stands out among the species commonly employed for this purpose, and has been widely studied for its properties, which provide the plant growth as well as food for human and animals. Many studies have shown several beneficial effects of seaweed extracts in plants, such as the early germination of seeds and their establishment, improving the crop performance and productivity and a high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Multiple physiological processes, biochemical and genetic factors are involved in the plant responses and the effects observed from applications can be direct or indirect. However, the action mechanisms of the A. nodosum extract are still poorly understood and their elucidation is important to develop strategies that provide higher plant productivity. Thus, it is important to study the seaweed extract effects on the physiology of the growth, development and yield of species used in crops. Corn, soybean, wheat and bean were chosen for this study due to their multiple uses and for being among the 10 crops that have the largest areas of cultivation and production volume in Brazil; achieving social and economic relevance not only for this country but also for the world.

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Siqueira, Marina Guimarães. "Atividade antiulcerogenica do extrato bruto hidroalcooloco da Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309816.

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Orientador: João Ernesto de Carvalho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini (Tiliaceae) geralmente é encontrada em alguns estados do Brasil como Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul. Trata-se de uma árvore de 16 metros de altura, com casca fina, de coloração pardo-acinzentada, com numerosos e pequenos sulcos longitudinais e que floresce de dezembro a fevereiro. Conhecida popularmente como "Açoita-cavalo", sua casca é empregada na medicina popular, na forma de decocto, como antiinflamatório, diurético e anti-reumático. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antiulcerogênica de extratos obtidos da Luehea divaricata, determinar o possível mecanismo de ação e identificar prováveis substâncias ativas. Para a obtenção do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (EBH 70%), foram utilizadas as cascas secas e moídas da espécie acima, coletada na reserva florestal de Leme. Esse extrato foi avaliado em modelos de úlcera gástrica induzida por indometacina e etanol. Para estudo do mecanismo de ação avaliou-se a participação de grupos sulfidrila, prostaglandinas, inibição da secreção ácida gástrica e quantificação de muco gastroprotetor. Uma triagem fitoquímica foi realizada para identificar substâncias presentes no EBH 70% e placas de CCD também foram feitas para comparar os extratos testados e seus constituintes. O EBH 70% de L. divaricata reduziu o índice de lesões ulcerativas produzido por indometacina e etanol. Esse mecanismo de ação antiulcerogênico está parcialmente relacionado com a atividade de radicais sulfidrila e pela precipitação de proteínas produzida pela presença de polifenóis (flavonóides, catequinas, antocianinas, taninos), identificados entre os princípios ativos dessa espécie. Além de polifenóis a triagem fitoquímica identificou a presença saponinas, esteróides triterpênicos e antracenosídeos
Abstract: The Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini (Tiliaceae) is generally found in some States of Brazil such as Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, São Paulo, Minas Gerias, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It is a sixteen-metre-tall tree with fine bark and greyish colour which blossoms from December to February. It is popularly known as "açoita-cavalo" and its bark is used in popular medicine in the form of decoctation as an antiinfiamatory, diuretic and rheumatic drug. This work aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcerative activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract and the fractions obtained from the Luehea divaricata as well determine the probable mechanism of the action involved. Dried-milled bark was used in order to obtain the hydro-alcoholic extract of Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini (EBH 70%). The EBH 70% was evaluated in models of indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer in a dose of lg/kg. For the study of the mechanism action participation of sulfhydryl, prostaglandin, acid gastric secretion and quantification of mucus protector was evaluated. A phytochemical screening was also carried out to identify the components present in EBH 70%. The result showed that the EBH 70% of Luehea divaricata performs an important anti-ulcerative action and that its mechanism of action may be related to the participation of the sulfhydrylic non-protein substances. Moreover, this protective action should be consequence to condensed tannins presents in this extract. These compounds have been described in the literature as responsible for this antioxidan and cicatrizing local action
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica

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Machado, Alessandra Cury [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resposta tecidual dos extratos vegetal aquoso e hidroalcoólico de Aroeira (Astronium urundeuva) pela análise edemogênica e histopatológica em rato." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95466.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a compatibilidade biológica do extrato aquoso e hidroalcoólico de folhas da planta Aroeira do Sertão (Astronium urundeuva) empregando-se o teste edemogênico e implantes em subcutâneo de rato. Utilizou-se 48 ratos machos wistar com peso aproximado de 250g. Para quantificação do edema, 18 animais anestesiados, receberam injeção intravenosa de Azul de Evans a 1% (0,2 mg/kg). Após 30 minutos, foram injetados 0,1 mL do extrato e solução fisiológico na região dorsal do animal. Os ratos foram sacrificados após 3 e 6 horas. As peças obtidas foram colocadas em formamida por 72 horas em estufa a 45ºC. A leitura foi realizada em espectrofotômetro com comprimento de onda de 630 nm. Para a implantação no subcutâneo do rato (reação tardia), 30 ratos receberam implantes de tubos de polietileno contendo os extratos na região dorsal sendo posteriormente sacrificados após 7 e 28 dias para remoção das peças. As peças foram processadas, cortadas e coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Os resultados foram obtidos pela leitura dos espécimes em microscópio óptico, em aumentos de 10 e 40x, para avaliação da espessura da cápsula fibrosa e quantificação do infiltrado inflamatório. Não foi observada diferença significante (p>0,05) na quantificação de edema dos diferentes grupos nos tempos operatórios, mas verificou-se haver diferença significante (p<0,05) entre as soluções analisadas, independente do tempo de estudo. A solução hidroalcoólica apresentou maior edema que a solução de aroeira aquosa e solução fisiológica. Foi apontado resultados semelhantes no período de 7 dias para os três grupos experimentais. Para o período de 28 dias, houve redução acentuada do número de células inflamatórias para a solução fisiológica e extrato aquoso
The aim of the present study was to evaluate submucous tissue response to the extract of Aroeira’s leaf employing the endemogenic analysis and implants in rats. The test groups consisted of aqueous and hydroalcoholic Aroeira’s extracts and the control group consisted of physiological saline. Forty eight male Wistar rats weighing 250g were selected. For the edema quantification, 18 animals under anesthesia received intravenous injection of 1% Evans Blue (0,2mg/Kg). After 30 minutes, the extracts (0,1ml) and the physiological saline were injected on the rats’ dorsum. The animals were killed after 3 and 6 hours. The samples were put in formamide for 72h in heater at 45°. The readings were realized in spectrophotometer with 630nm wavelength. For the submucous implantation, 30 rats received a polyethylene tube containing the extracts on their dorsum. The animals were killed after 7 and 28 days. The samples were processed for histological analysis and evaluated in optical microscope (10x and 40x original augmentation). The fiber capsule thickness was measured and the inflammatory infiltrate was quantified. The Two-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Kruskall- Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis with a 95% confidence interval. There were no statistical significant differences (P>0.05) between groups in relation to edema quantification in the different periods. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the solutions analyzed independent of the time period. The hydroalcoholic solution resulted in more edema than the aqueous and saline solutions. Similar results were found on the 7-day period for the 3 groups. On the 28-day period there was a notable reduction on inflammatory cell number for the saline and aqueous extract groups

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Mesguiche, Véronique. "Synthèse de l'acide 7-méthoxy-dodéc-4-énoi͏̈que extrait de la cyanobactérie Lyngbya majuscula. Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres Bifurcaria et Cystoseira." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30088.

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Ce travail propose l'isolement, l'identification structurale de metabolites secondaires isoles d'algues marines ainsi que la synthese d'un metabolite extrait d'une cyanobacterie. Il peut etre separe en deux parties. Le premier tome comprend un premier chapitre qui presente les deux genres d'algues brunes (cystoseira et bifurcaria) et la cyanobacterie (lyngbya majuscula) que nous avons etudiees. Dans la partie a de ce chapitre, nous donnons la description morphologique puis la repartition geographique de ces organismes marins. La partie b est consacree a la mise a jour de la composition chimique des macroalgues brunes etudiees et propose un inventaire exhaustif des composes extraits de la cyanobacterie. Le deuxieme chapitre decrit la synthese des isomeres z et e de l'acide 7-methoxy-dodec-4-enoique puisque l'isomere e est un des composes isoles de l. Majuscula qui derive du malyngamide g isole du meme organisme. Le troisieme chapitre est consacre a l'isolement et a l'identification structurale, au moyen de techniques spectrales, de metabolites secondaires (diterpenes et meroditerpenes) presents dans les especes bifurcaria bifurcata et cystoseira amentacea variete stricta. Enfin, le quatrieme chapitre rassemble des donnees bibliographiques et permet de dresser l'inventaire des activites biologiques des trois especes etudiees. Le deuxieme tome regroupe sous la forme d'annexes les conditions experimentales, les chromatogrammes et spectres se referant au texte.

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Essack, Magbubah. "Screening extracts of indigenous South African plants for the presence of anti-cancer compounds." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8767_1210844967.

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Early man dabbled with the use of plant extracts to cure ailments. This practice has been passed down from generation to generation and today more than 50% of the world'sdrugs are natural products or derivatives thereof. Scientists have thus established a branch of research called natural product research. This branch of research involves the identification and purification of secondary metabolites with a specific biological activity. The methodology involves the screening of plant products for a specific biological activity, purification of the biologically active natural product by separation technology and structure determination. The biologically active natural products is then further scrutinized to serve as a novel drug or lead compound for the development of a novel drug. This research exploited this research methodology.

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Reis, Karoline Hagatha dos. "Potencial antifibrótico de substâncias bioativas vegetais viabilidade celular e atividade funcional de fibroblastos pulmonares humanos /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183535.

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Orientador: James Venturini
Resumo: A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é micose sistêmica causada por fungos do gênero Paracoccidioides; suas principais formas clínicas são aguda/subaguda e crônica (FC). Apesar do tratamento antifúngico ser eficaz, a maioria dos paciente com a FC da doença apresentam sequelas, incluindo fibrose pulmonar. Sabe-se que o estabelecimento da fibrose na PCM é um processo precoce e sua relação com o tratamento antifúngico não é bem esclarecido. As plantas possuem o chamado metabolismo secundário e, portanto, são utilizadas para fins terapêuticos desde os primórdios. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar novos candidatos terapêuticos com propriedades anti-fibróticas frente a fibroblastos pulmonares humanos a partir de espécies do gênero Piper, Peperomia, Davilla, Eugenia e Silybum. Além de avaliar o efeito da associação da silimarina ao antifúngico cotrimoxazol (CMX) em modelo experimental murino da PCM. Nossos resultados demonstraram potencial pró-fibrótico das espécies Piper aduncum, Piper gaudichaudianum e Piper arboreum, induzindo maior produção de pró-colágeno I em fibroblastos pulmonares humanos. Entretanto, o alcaloide/amida comumente isolado do gênero Piper, a piplartina, apresentou potencial anti-fibrótico, reprimindo a produção de pró-colageno 1. Além de verificarmos que a associação da silimarina e CMX exibe um potencial antifibrótico e uma resposta pró Th1. Por outro lado, a silibinina isolada, componente majoritário da silimarina, não apresentou diferença quanto a p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides; its main clinical forms are acute/subacute and chronic (CF). Although antifungal therapy is effective, most patients with CF suffer from sequelae, including pulmonary fibrosis. It is known that the establishment of fibrosis in PCM is an early process and its relation to antifungal treatment is not well understood. Plants have the secondary metabolism and have been used for therapeutic purposes since the earliest. In this context, the present study aims to identify new therapeutic candidates with antifibrotic properties against human pulmonary fibroblasts from species of the genus Piper, Peperomia, Davilla and Eugenia. In addition to evaluating the effect of silimarine in association with CMX in murine experimental model of PCM. Our results demonstrated the pro-fibrotic potential of the species P. aduncum, P. gaudichaudianum and P. arboreum, inducing greater pro-collagen I production in human lung fibroblasts. However, the compound isolated piplartine presented antifibrotic potential, upregulating the production of pro-collagen 1. In addition, we find that the association of silymarin the herbal antifungal CMX demonstrated antifibrotic potential and a response pro Th1. However, isolated silibinin does not presented difference of production of pro-collagen 1. Our results are promising, as they demonstrate for the first time the protective effect of piplartine on pulmonary fibrosis an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Kgatle, Dimakatso Thomas. "Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Cambretum apiculatum (Sond.) subsp apiculatum leaf extracts." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08122008-114732/.

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Strawson, Steven William. "Fine chemicals from plant extracts." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539908.

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Bastos, Letícia Aparecida Duart 1980. "Efeito anti-helmíntico dos extratos etanólicos das folhas de diferentes espécies de árvores frutíferas sobre Strongyloides venezuelensis in vitro." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315924.

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Orientador: Silmara Marques Allegretti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O Strongyloides stercoralis é uma das principais espécies de nematódeos com alta prevalência entre os humanos, com uma estimativa de 100 milhões de pessoas infectadas em todo mundo. Atualmente os fármacos de escolha para o tratamento desta doença são o tiabendazol, albendazol e ivermectina, porém comumente associados a casos de recidivas, baixa eficácia e a ocorrência de resistência e tolerância a fármacos. Diante da necessidade de medicamentos mais eficazes, menos tóxicos, as plantas medicinais são uma alternativa. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito anti-helmíntico dos extratos etanólicos das folhas de 25 espécies de árvores frutíferas sobre fêmeas adultas parasitas de Strongyloides venezuelensis in vitro. As observações foram feitas em 3 concentrações diferentes por um período de 72 horas. A atividade anti-helmíntica foi observada em 68% dos extratos testados em pelo menos uma das concentrações testadas durante o período de observação, com exceção dos extratos etanólicos de Litchi chinensis, Aceima smeithii, Eugenia involucrata e Butia capitata, a fração orgânica de Pouteria caimito que não apresentaram atividade contra o parasita. Os extratos etanólicos que apresentaram maior eficácia foram Spondias lutea (Cajá) e Pouteria caimito (Caimito), com 100% de mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas apresentando DL50 < 0,05 mg/mL. Estes extratos sofreram um processo de partição com 2 frações, aquosa e orgânica. O Spondias lutea mostrou eficiência anti-helmíntica nas 2 frações testadas enquanto que o Pouteria caimito apresentou atividade apenas com a fração aquosa. Para todos os extratos testados, foi considerado significativo (p < 0,0001) o efeito do tempo em relação à motilidade dos vermes, e o efeito do extrato e da concentração em relação ao tempo, assim como o efeito do extrato e da concentração na motilidade dos vermes
Abstract: Strongyloides stercoralis is one of the main nematode specie with high prevalence among humans, with a rating of 100 million infected people in the role world. Nowadays the chosen drugs for the treatment of this disease are the thiabendazole, albendazole and ivermectin, but generally associated with recurrence cases, low efficiency, resistance occurrence and drugs tolerance. Given the need for more efficient drugs, with less toxicity, the medicinal plants are the alternative. The present work were evaluated the antihelminthic effect from the ethanolic extracts from the leaves of 25 fruit trees species over adult parasite females of Strogyloides venezuelensis in vitro. Observations were made in 3 different concentrations during 72 hours. 68% from the tested extracts presented antihelminthic activity in at least one tested concentration during the observation period, with an exception of the ethanolic extracts of Litchi chinensis, Aceima smeithii, Eugenia involucrata, Butia capitata and an organic fraction of Pouteria caimito that did not showed any activity against the parasite. The ethanolic extracts which presented major efficiency were Spondias lutea (Cajá) and Pouteria caimito (Caimito), with a mortality of 100% in all tested doses and with DL50 < 0,05 mg/mL. These extracts suffered a partition process, obtaining 2 fractions, aqueous and organic. The Spondias lutea showed antihelminthic efficiency in two tested fractions while Pouteria caimito showed activity only with the aqueous fraction. For all the tested extracts, were considered significative (p < 0,0001) the effect from the time in relation to the worms motility, and the extract effect and dose in relation to the time, as well as the extract effect and the dose related to the worms motility
Mestrado
Parasitologia
Mestre em Parasitologia

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Muro, Everton Moreno [UNESP]. "Baccharis dracunculifolia na alimentação de frangos de corte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115909.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a inclusão de extrato alcoólico de Baccharis dracunculifolia (EBD) em dietas de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e saúde das aves. Foram realizados dois estudos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos: dieta controle (DC) sem inclusão de antibiótico melhorador de desempenho (AMD) e EBD; DC + 0,1% EBD; DC + 0,2% EBD; DC + 0,3% EBD; DC + 0,4% EBD e DC+AMD. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 1080 frangos de corte machos, cada tratamento com seis repetições, para avaliação do desempenho, peso relativo de órgãos, título de anticorpos contra doença de NewCastle e histomorfometria de intestino e Bursa de Fabrícius. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 720 frangos de corte machos para avaliação do efeito do EBD sobre o turnover da mucosa intestinal e fígado. No primeiro experiento, aos 21dias de idade, foi observada queda na viabilidade e aumento na profundidade de cripta do duodeno no tratamento DC+0,2% EBD, aos 35 dias foi observada queda no ganho de peso e consumo de ração nos tratamentos DC+0,2% EBD e DC+0,4% EBD e, aos 42 dias, foi observado aumento na área cortical de Bursa no tratamento DC+0,2% EBD. No segundo experimento foram observadas, aos 21 dias, diminuição da meia-vida e aumento da taxa metabólica da mucosa intestinal do tratamento DC+0,2% EBD. A inclusão de EBD, em quaisquer níveis estudados não resultou em melhora no desempenho e saúde em comparação ao AMD.
This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Baccharis dracunculifolia’s alcoholic extract (BDE) in broiler diets on performance and health of birds. Two studies in a completely randomized design with six treatments were performed: control diet (CD) without inclusion of performance enhancing antibiotic (PEA) and BDE; DC+0.1% BDE; DC+0.2% BDE; DC+0.3% BDE; DC+0.4% BDE and DC+PEA. In the first experiment were used 1080 male broilers, with six replicates per treatment, to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, antibody titer against Newcastle disease and histomorphometry of intestine and Bursa of Fabricius. In the second experiment were used 720 broilers males to evaluate the effect of EBDon the turnover of the intestinal mucosa and liver. At 21 days of age, in treatment DC+0.2% BDE, decrease in viability and an increase in duodenal crypt depth were observed; at 35 days of age decrease in weight gain and feed intake was observed in treatments DC+0.2% BDE and DC+0.4% BDE and at 42 days, an increase was observed in the cortical area of Bursa in treatment DC+0.2% BDE. In the second experiment were observed, at 21 days, decreased half-life and increased metabolic rate of the intestinal mucosa of the DC+0.2% BDE treatment. The inclusion of BDE in any levels studied did not result in improved health and performance compared to PEA.

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Muro, Everton Moreno 1988. "Baccharis dracunculifolia na alimentação de frangos de corte /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115909.

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Orientador: Antonio Celso Pezzato
Coorientador: Vitor Barbosa Fascina
Banca: Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori
Banca: Vanessa Cristina Pelícia de Andrade
Resumo: A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a inclusão de extrato alcoólico de Baccharis dracunculifolia (EBD) em dietas de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e saúde das aves. Foram realizados dois estudos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos: dieta controle (DC) sem inclusão de antibiótico melhorador de desempenho (AMD) e EBD; DC + 0,1% EBD; DC + 0,2% EBD; DC + 0,3% EBD; DC + 0,4% EBD e DC+AMD. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 1080 frangos de corte machos, cada tratamento com seis repetições, para avaliação do desempenho, peso relativo de órgãos, título de anticorpos contra doença de NewCastle e histomorfometria de intestino e Bursa de Fabrícius. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 720 frangos de corte machos para avaliação do efeito do EBD sobre o turnover da mucosa intestinal e fígado. No primeiro experiento, aos 21dias de idade, foi observada queda na viabilidade e aumento na profundidade de cripta do duodeno no tratamento DC+0,2% EBD, aos 35 dias foi observada queda no ganho de peso e consumo de ração nos tratamentos DC+0,2% EBD e DC+0,4% EBD e, aos 42 dias, foi observado aumento na área cortical de Bursa no tratamento DC+0,2% EBD. No segundo experimento foram observadas, aos 21 dias, diminuição da meia-vida e aumento da taxa metabólica da mucosa intestinal do tratamento DC+0,2% EBD. A inclusão de EBD, em quaisquer níveis estudados não resultou em melhora no desempenho e saúde em comparação ao AMD.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Baccharis dracunculifolia's alcoholic extract (BDE) in broiler diets on performance and health of birds. Two studies in a completely randomized design with six treatments were performed: control diet (CD) without inclusion of performance enhancing antibiotic (PEA) and BDE; DC+0.1% BDE; DC+0.2% BDE; DC+0.3% BDE; DC+0.4% BDE and DC+PEA. In the first experiment were used 1080 male broilers, with six replicates per treatment, to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, antibody titer against Newcastle disease and histomorphometry of intestine and Bursa of Fabricius. In the second experiment were used 720 broilers males to evaluate the effect of EBDon the turnover of the intestinal mucosa and liver. At 21 days of age, in treatment DC+0.2% BDE, decrease in viability and an increase in duodenal crypt depth were observed; at 35 days of age decrease in weight gain and feed intake was observed in treatments DC+0.2% BDE and DC+0.4% BDE and at 42 days, an increase was observed in the cortical area of Bursa in treatment DC+0.2% BDE. In the second experiment were observed, at 21 days, decreased half-life and increased metabolic rate of the intestinal mucosa of the DC+0.2% BDE treatment. The inclusion of BDE in any levels studied did not result in improved health and performance compared to PEA.
Mestre

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Cholet, Juliette. "Valorisation à visée nutraceutique et/ou cosmétique du patrimoine botanique auvergnat : plantes à potentiel anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC015.

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Relativement sous-exploité, le potentiel d’innovation lié aux activités biologiques des métabolites secondaires des végétaux est pourtant considérable. Aussi, nous nous sommes intéressés à la flore d’Auvergne, reconnue pour sa richesse et sa diversité, qui possède de nombreuses plantes encore peu étudiées et valorisables. Grâce aux compétences régionales dans ce domaine d’activité (académiques et industrielles), un projet collaboratif ayant pour finalité l’étude et la valorisation de plantes auvergnates dotées d’activité anti-inflammatoire a été mis en place (projet PlantInAuv 2017-2020). Ce travail de thèse s’est inscrit dans ce projet, avec pour objectif d’étudier in vitro le potentiel anti-inflammatoire d’extraits de plantes locales. L’année précédant ce travail de thèse, à partir d’une large sélection de près de 200 plantes issues de la flore auvergnate, un choix s’est finalement porté sur 15 d’entre elles qui ont été retenues pour le projet en début de thèse.Dans un premier temps, un screening biologique a été effectué sur les 15 plantes sélectionnées. L’activité des extraits méthanoliques de ces plantes a été évaluée sur plusieurs marqueurs de l’inflammation à partir de leucocytes humains. Ces déterminations nous ont permises de mettre en évidence les plantes au potentiel anti-inflammatoire le plus marqué, pour certaines agissant sur l’activation de NFκB, et d’en sélectionner sept pour la suite du travail de thèse.Dans un second temps, l’activité des plantes issues de ce screening a été déterminée grâce à la mise en place d’un modèle d’inflammation articulaire tridimensionnel. L’extrait de Luzula sylvatica s’est ainsi révélé particulièrement intéressant. Il semble susceptible d’apporter une protection antioxydante intéressante contre les dommages causés au cartilage et de diminuer l'inflammation articulaire, notamment en amoindrissant la sécrétion de PGE2 dans le liquide synovial. De plus, il pourrait agir directement sur les chondrocytes en diminuant leur niveau d’expression des protéases et en empêchant ainsi la dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire.Dans un troisième temps, l’activité de ces mêmes extraits a été évaluée grâce à un modèle original mimant une peau inflammée i.e. des fibroblastes mis en présence de macrophages à profil pro-inflammatoire. Cette fois encore, nous avons choisi de valoriser les résultats obtenus avec l’extrait de Luzula sylvatica. Ce dernier présente de bonnes propriétés antioxydantes et freine la polarisation pro-inflammatoire des macrophages. De plus, il réduit l'expression de plusieurs gènes liés à TGFβ au niveau des fibroblastes, indiquant qu’il pourrait être intéressant pour prévenir la formation de cicatrices fibrotiques. Sur les 15 plantes initialement sélectionnées dans le projet, deux d’entre elles (Bupleurum rotundifolium et Luzula sylvatica) ont fait, ou feront, l’objet d’une valorisation académique avec publications des résultats. Les autres plantes issues du screening feront quant à elles l’objet d’une valorisation par les partenaires industriels du projet
Relatively under-exploited, the innovation potential related to the biological activities of secondary plant metabolites is nevertheless considerable. Therefore, we chose to study the flora of the Auvergne, known for its richness and diversity, and which has many plants that are still little studied. Thanks to the regional skills in this field of activity (academic and industrial), a collaborative project has been set up to study and promote Auvergne plants with anti-inflammatory activities (PlantInAuv project 2017-2020). This thesis work was part of this project, with the aim of studying the anti-inflammatory potential of local plant extracts in vitro. In the year preceding this thesis work, a selection was made on a large sample of about 200 plants, which resulted in a first round of 15 plants selected for the project at the beginning of the thesis.In a first phase, a screening was carried out on a selection of 15 plants. The extracts of these plants were tested on a wide range of markers of inflammation using human leucocytes. These tests enabled us to identify plants with anti-inflammatory potential, some of them acting on the activation of NFκB, and to select seven of them for further experiments.In a second phase, the selected plants were evaluated by setting up a three-dimensional joint inflammation model. The extract of Luzula sylvatica proved to be particularly interesting: it could provide interesting antioxidant protection against cartilage damage and reduce inflammation of the joint, by reducing the secretion of PGE2 in the synovial fluid. In addition, it could act directly on chondrocytes by decreasing the expression of proteases and thus preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix.In a third phase, the selection of seven plants was evaluated in a skin inflammation model, using an original model mimicking an inflamed skin i.e. fibroblasts in the presence of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile. Once again, we chose to present the results obtained with the Luzula sylvatica extract. It showed good antioxidant properties and modified the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In addition, it dampened the expression of several genes linked to TGFβ in the fibroblasts, indicating that it could be of interest in preventing the formation of fibrotic scars. Of the 15 plants initially selected in the project, two (Bupleurum rotundifolium and Luzula sylvatica) have been, or will be, the subject of an academic valorization with publication of the results. The rest of the plants selected following the screening phase will be valorised by the industrial partners of the project

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Almeida, Viviane Tavares de. "Bioatividade de extrato etanólico de Euphorbia pulcherrima sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2016. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1085.

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The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous species which attacks many economically important crops in several countries. This insect is an important pest of corn, and currently the most widely used control method is chemical. In order to minimize environmental impacts, other forms of control have been tried, and accordingly, the investigation of plants with insecticidal effects becomes relevant. Thus the present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia pulcherrima leaves (poinsettia) in fall armyworm biology. Extracts were prepared from leaves of the plant E. pulcherrima collected at different phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive), oven dried, crushed and then solubilized in ethanol, yielding the ethanol extract. The extracts were set aside in 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations for each phenological stage of the plant, incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to the larvae of S. frugiperda. The extract of vegetative and reproductive phase of E. pulcherrima leaves in concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, has showed effects on larvae of S. frugiperda affecting mortality, increasing the larval period and reducing the weight of larvae. The extract of the reproductive phase in two concentrations (0.5% and 1%) reduced the pupal weight and feces excreted by the caterpillars. The highest concentration of the ethanolic extract from the reproductive stage of the leaves reduced the viability of the eggs. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of E. pulcherrima leaves in the reproductive phase of the plant is effective to reduce the S. frugiperda population.
A lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda) é uma espécie polífaga que ataca diversas culturas economicamente importantes em vários países. Esse inseto é uma importante praga do milho, e atualmente a forma mais utilizada de controle é o químico. No intuito de minimizar impactos ambientais, outras formas de controle têm sido experimentadas, e nesse sentido, a investigação de plantas com ação inseticida torna-se relevante. Diante disso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato etanólico de folhas de Euphorbia pulcherrima (Bico-de-Papagaio) na biologia da Lagarta-do-cartucho. Foram elaborados extratos a partir de folhas da planta E. pulcherrima coletadas em diferentes fases fenológicas (vegetativa e reprodutiva), secas em estufa, trituradas e então solubilizadas em etanol, obtendo-se o extrato etanólico bruto. Os extratos obtidos foram reservados nas concentrações 0,5% e 1,0% para cada fase fenológica da planta, incorporados em dieta artificial e oferecidos para as lagartas de S. frugiperda. O extrato de folhas de E. pulcherrima da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva nas concentrações de 0,5% e 1%, apresentaram efeitos sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, afetando a mortalidade, prolongando o período larval e reduzindo o peso das lagartas. O extrato da fase reprodutiva nas duas concentrações (0,5 % e 1 %) reduziu o peso de pupas e das fezes excretadas pelas lagartas. A maior concentração do extrato etanólico de folhas da fase reprodutiva reduziu a viabilidade dos ovos. Conclui-se que o extrato de folhas de E. pulcherrima da fase reprodutiva é eficiente para a redução de população de S. frugiperda.

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Jesus, Daiane de. "Atividade antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do extrato glicólico de Betula pendula Roth (bétula) /." São José dos Campos, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137970.

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Orientador: Luciane Dias de Oliveira
Banca: Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Banca: Marcos Roberto Furlan
Resumo: Visando o potencial terapêutico do extrato glicólico de B. pendula em tratamentos de infecções bacterianas e fúngicas e de doenças inflamatórias, foram avaliadas suas atividades antimicrobiana, antiinflamatória, citotóxica e genotóxica. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato foi analisada em Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa com a determinação das Concentrações Inibitória Mínima e Microbicida Mínima (CIM e CMM) em culturas planctônicas e posteriormente testado sobre biofilmes monotípicos. A atividade citotóxica foi avaliada em cultura de macrófagos de camundongo (RAW 264.7) e fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) após exposição de 5 min e 24 h ao extrato, com o teste MTT e teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) que quantificou a produção das citocinas IL-1β e TNF-α produzidas por RAW 264.7. A genotoxicidade do extrato foi avaliada pelo teste de micronúcleos. A atividade antiinflamatória foi avaliada nos sobrenadantes coletados de culturas de RAW 264.7 estimuladas com LPS de E. coli e expostas aos extratos (5 min e 24 h) pela quantificação de citocinas IL-1β, TNF-α e IL-10 por ELISA e óxido nítrico (ON) pelo método de Griess. A análise estatística foi realizada por ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com significância de 5%. O extrato teve ação antimicrobiana em todos biofilmes, com redução acima de 39,5% em 5 min e acima de 78% em 24 h. A viabilidade celular foi satisfatória em concentrações abaixo de 50 mg/mL em 5 min tanto para FMM-1, quanto para RAW 264.7, contudo em 24 h concentrações acima de 3,13 e 12,5 mg/mL foram citotóxicas para RAW 264.7 e FMM-1, respectivamente. Não houve indícios de ação genotóxica do extrato. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi evidenciada pela redução significativa na produção de TNF-a e ON nos grupos tratados . Conclui-se que o...
Abstract: In order to verify the therapeutic potential of glicolic extract of B. pendula on the threatment of bacterial and fungical infection and on inflammatory diseases, its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory actions, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested on Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with determination of Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum Microbicide Concentrations (MIC and MMC) in planktonic growth, following of test in monotypic biofilms. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human gingival fibroblast (FMM-1) after exposure of 5 min and 24 h to extract, through the MTT test and by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to quantify the production of the cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α by RAW 264.7. The genotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by micronucleus test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in RAW 264.7 stimulated with LPS from E. coli, after the period of exposure to the extract (5 min and 24 h) the supernatant was removed to quantify pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and TNF-α.) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by ELISA and nitric oxide (NO) by Griess method. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, with significance level of 5%. The extract has shown antimicrobial activity with reduction above of 39.5% of biofilm in 5 min and more than 78% in 24 h. The cell viability was satisfactory at concentrations below 50 mg/mL in 5 min to RAW 264.7 and FMM-1, however in 24 h concentrations above 3.13 and 12.5 mg/mL were cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 and FMM-1, respectively. There was no evidence of genotoxic action of the extract. The anti-inflammatory activity was evidenced by the significant reduction in the production o...
Mestre

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Barreto, Marina Sígolo Rodrigues. "Uso de extratos vegetais como promotores do crescimento em frangos de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-02082007-093203/.

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Nas últimas décadas, a produção de carne de frango vem se intensificando por expressivos avanços tecnológicos. Nutricionalmente, os promotores de crescimento antimicrobianos (antibióticos e quimioterápicos) foram essenciais, beneficiando o desempenho e a eficiência alimentar, quando utilizados como aditivos nas dietas, em doses subterapêuticas. Apesar da comprovada contribuição no desempenho das aves, os antibióticos promotores de crescimento passaram a ser vistos como fatores de risco para a saúde humana, devido ao potencial desenvolvimento da resistência bacteriana cruzada em humanos. Recentemente, têm sido desenvolvidas diversas alternativas aos antibióticos promotores de crescimento, incluindo probióticos, prebióticos, ácidos orgânicos, enzimas e extratos vegetais. Seguindo essa tendência, este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do uso de extratos vegetais como alternativas aos antimicrobianos promotores de crescimento em dietas de frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos com frangos de corte para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes extratos vegetais no desempenho, na energia metabolizável da dieta e na morfometria dos órgãos. O experimento de desempenho envolveu 1200 frangos de corte machos criados em galpão experimental no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade, separados em grupos de 40 aves por boxe. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. O ensaio de metabolismo contou com 96 frangos machos em crescimento alojados em gaiolas metabólicas para coleta total de excretas, foram seis tratamentos e quatro repetições em delineamento interiramente casualizado. Ambos os experimentos receberam os mesmos tratamentos: dieta controle (DC); DC + 10 ppm de Avilamicina; DC + 1000 ppm de extrato de orégano; DC + 1000 ppm de extrato de cravo; DC + 1000 ppm de extrato de canela e DC + 1000 ppm de extrato de pimenta vermelha. Os produtos à base de extratos vegetais consistiram de microencapsulados contendo 20% do óleo essencial. As variáveis determinadas foram: peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, mortalidade, energia metabolizável aparente (EMAn) das dietas e peso relativo dos órgãos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Não foi possível observar diferenças significativas (P>0.05) entre os tratamentos propostos para as variáveis de desempenho analisadas em todo o período de criação das aves. Da mesma maneira, a suplementação dos extratos nas dietas não interferiu (P>0.05) nos valores de EMAn das mesmas. A morfometria dos órgãos, em geral, também não foi alterada pela utilização dos extratos vegetais. Pôde ser observado que, os animais que receberam ração controle apresentaram maior peso relativo do fígado em relação aos demais tratamentos, diferindo significativamente (P<0.05) das aves alimentadas com a dieta suplementada com extrato de pimenta, que foi o menor valor observado.
Broiler meat production has experienced expressive technological improvements in the last decades. Nutritionally, the antimicrobial growth promoters (antibiotics and chemotherapeutics) contributed to that, when utilized as feed additives. These antimicrobials are very effective in performance improvement, but there are human health risks associated to their use because of the possibility of development of bacterial cross resistance. In recent years, several alternatives to the antibiotic growth promoters have been proposed including probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes and plant extracts. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts as alternative growth promoters to the antibiotics as feed additives in chicken diets. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different plant on the metabolizable energy of the diet and performance and organ morphometry of broiler chickens. The performance trial involved 1,200 male chicks raised from 1 to 42 days of age, in groups of 40 birds per pen, in a experimental poultry house. A randomized complete block design, with 6 treatments and 5 blocks, was used. In the metabolism trial, 96 chickens in the grower period were allotted to battery cages and total excreta collection was conducted with 6 treatments and 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The treatments for both experiments were: Corn-soybean meal control diet (C); C + 10 ppm Avilamycin; C + 1,000 ppm oregano extract; C + 1,000 ppm clove extract; C + 1,000 ppm cinnamon extract; C + 1,000 ppm red pepper extract. The plant extract products added consisted of microencapsulated preparations containing 20% essential oil. The variables evaluated were liveweight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of the diets and organ weights. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and means compared using Tukey's test. It was not detected any significant (P>0.05) difference among the treatments for the performance variables of the chickens along the growth period. Likewise, the plant extracts supplementation did not affect the AMEn of the diets (P>0.05). Organ morphometry was also, in general, not influenced by the additives. The only significant effect was a higher liver relative weight of the control birds (P<0.05) compared to the red pepper fed birds.

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Nader, Talita Thomaz [UNESP]. "Atividade antibacteriana in vitro de extratos e substâncias isoladas de espécies de Croton frente Staphylococcus aureus causador de mastite bovina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122216.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro o potencial de atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais e substâncias isoladas de Croton antisyphiliticus e C. urucurana, espécies nativas do Cerrado, sobre estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus, isoladas de leite de vacas com mastite. Os microrganismos foram cultivados na forma livre e em biofilme. Os extratos foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de inibição da formação do biofilme e erradicação do mesmo. Foram utilizados os antibióticos sulfato de gentamicina como comparativo e sulfato de vancomicina como controle negativo. As plantas foram coletadas na época seca e chuvosa. A quantificação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada por meio do cristal violeta e da contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que ambas espécies vegetais inibiram a formação do biofilme de S. aureus. O extrato bruto e frações de C. antisyphiliticus apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana semelhante à gentamicina, enquanto os compostos vegetais com características apolares, oriundos de C. urucurana foram significativamente mais ativos contra S. aureus em biofilme que o antibiótico vancomicina, reduzindo cerca de 5 logs da população bacteriana. Nas condições ensaiadas, não houve influencia sazonal na atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos. Entre as duas espécies de Croton avaliadas, conclui-se que C. urucurana foi a espécie mais promissora quanto a atividade antimicrobiana frente estirpes de S. aureus, causadoras de mastite bovina
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and substances isolated from Croton antisyphiliticus and C. urucurana, species in the Cerrado, against strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of cows with mastitis. The microorganisms were grown in free form and in biofilm. The extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation and eradication. We used the antibiotic gentamicin as a comparison and vancomycin as negative control. The plants were collected in the dry and rainy season. Quantification of antimicrobial activity was performed using the crystal violet and count of colony forming units. The results show that both species inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus. The crude extract and fractions of C. antisyphiliticus presented antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin, while the plant compounds with non polar characteristics, arising from C. urucurana were significantly more active in cells in biofilms of S. aureus that the antibiotic vancomycin, reducing around 5 logs of the bacterial population. In the conditions tested, there was no seasonal influence on antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Between the two species of Croton evaluated, between the two Croton species evaluated, it is concluded that C. urucurana was the most promising antimicrobial activity against strains of S. aureus causing bovine mastitis

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Nader, Talita Thomaz. "Atividade antibacteriana in vitro de extratos e substâncias isoladas de espécies de Croton frente Staphylococcus aureus causador de mastite bovina /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122216.

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Orientador: Luiz Augusto do Amaral
Coorientador: Ana Maria Soares Pereira
Banca: Karina Paes Bürger
Banca: Fernando Antônio de Ávila
Banca: Iucif Abrão Nascif Junior
Banca: Elisabeth Loshchagin Pizzolitto
Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro o potencial de atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais e substâncias isoladas de Croton antisyphiliticus e C. urucurana, espécies nativas do Cerrado, sobre estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus, isoladas de leite de vacas com mastite. Os microrganismos foram cultivados na forma livre e em biofilme. Os extratos foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de inibição da formação do biofilme e erradicação do mesmo. Foram utilizados os antibióticos sulfato de gentamicina como comparativo e sulfato de vancomicina como controle negativo. As plantas foram coletadas na época seca e chuvosa. A quantificação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada por meio do cristal violeta e da contagem de unidades formadoras de colônia. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que ambas espécies vegetais inibiram a formação do biofilme de S. aureus. O extrato bruto e frações de C. antisyphiliticus apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana semelhante à gentamicina, enquanto os compostos vegetais com características apolares, oriundos de C. urucurana foram significativamente mais ativos contra S. aureus em biofilme que o antibiótico vancomicina, reduzindo cerca de 5 logs da população bacteriana. Nas condições ensaiadas, não houve influencia sazonal na atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos. Entre as duas espécies de Croton avaliadas, conclui-se que C. urucurana foi a espécie mais promissora quanto a atividade antimicrobiana frente estirpes de S. aureus, causadoras de mastite bovina
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and substances isolated from Croton antisyphiliticus and C. urucurana, species in the Cerrado, against strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of cows with mastitis. The microorganisms were grown in free form and in biofilm. The extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation and eradication. We used the antibiotic gentamicin as a comparison and vancomycin as negative control. The plants were collected in the dry and rainy season. Quantification of antimicrobial activity was performed using the crystal violet and count of colony forming units. The results show that both species inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus. The crude extract and fractions of C. antisyphiliticus presented antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin, while the plant compounds with non polar characteristics, arising from C. urucurana were significantly more active in cells in biofilms of S. aureus that the antibiotic vancomycin, reducing around 5 logs of the bacterial population. In the conditions tested, there was no seasonal influence on antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Between the two species of Croton evaluated, between the two Croton species evaluated, it is concluded that C. urucurana was the most promising antimicrobial activity against strains of S. aureus causing bovine mastitis
Doutor

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Oda, Fernando Bombarda. "Derivados de diterpenos clerodânicos de Casearia sylvestris Swartz obtidos por ensaios in vitro : caracterização estrutural e avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória /." Araraquara, 2017.

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Orientador: André Gonzaga dos Santos
Coorientador: Eduardo José Crevelin
Banca: Alberto José Cavalheiro
Banca: Natália Valadares de Moraes
Resumo: Casearia sylvestris Swartz, conhecida como guaçatonga, está distribuída em todo Brasil e é muito utilizada na medicina popular, com registro etnofarmacológico desde 1877. Muitos desses usos, como o antiofídico, antiulcerogênico e antiinflamatório já foram comprovados em estudos farmacológicos, os quais mostraram também a baixa toxicidade aguda por via oral de seus derivados vegetais. Estudos in vivo revelaram que os diterpenos clerodânicos são os responsáveis pelas atividades antiulcerogênica e anti-inflamatória de C. sylvestris, o que valoriza ainda mais o uso medicinal desta planta. Entretanto, a constatação de que os diterpenos clerodânicos podem sofrer degradação em meio ácido levantaram dúvidas sobre quais substâncias realmente chegam aos receptores e têm atividade: diterpenos ou seus produtos de degradação? Para elucidar essa questão, os diterpenos clerodânicos isolados casearina J (cas J) e O (cas O) foram submetidos isoladamente à degradação ácida em fluido gástrico simulado sem enzimas (PDA) e, posteriormente, metabolizados com enzimas hepáticas da fração S9 (PDA-ME). A metabolização direta dos diterpenos com a fração S9 também foi realizada (PME). As respectivas casearinas remanescentes foram quantificadas em todos os produtos de metabolização. Posteriormente, foram conduzidos ensaios de síntese e/ou liberação de óxido nítrico em macrófagos RAW 267.7 estimulados por LPS in vitro. Para a determinação estrutural dos derivados formados foram utilizadas técnicas cromato... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Casearia sylvestris Swartz known as guaçatonga is distributed throughout Brazil and has been widely used in folk medicine since 1877. Many of these uses, such as anti-fungal, antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory, have already been proven in pharmacological studies, also demonstrating low acute oral toxicity. In vivo studies have shown that clerodane diterpenes are responsible for the antiulcerogenic and antiinflammatory activities of C. sylvestris, which further enhances the medicinal use of this plant or its derivatives. However, the finding that clerodane diterpenes may suffer degradation in acid medium have raised doubts about the actual substances reached the receptors and carry out activity: diterpenes or their degradation products? In order to elucidate this issue, purified clerodane diterpenes casearin J (cas J) and O (cas O) were subjected to acid degradation in simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (PDA) alone and subsequently metabolized with S9 fraction (PDAME) liver enzymes. A direct metabolization of diterpenes with a S9 fraction (PME) was also performed. Respective remaining casearins were quantified in all the metabolizing products. In the end, macrophage stimulated by LPS in vitro assays of nitric oxide synthesis were conducted using as sample the purified cas J and O, PDA, PME and PDAME. Chromatographic (HPLC-PDA) and spectrometric techniques (UPLC-PDA-MS, 1H and and 13C NMR) were used for the structural determination of the generated derivatives. Ten substances were identified after the acid degradation of cas J (PDA-J), in addition to the remaining casearin (5.05%) and its epimer. Proposed structures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Santos, Juliana Guimarães dos. "Influência de extratos vegetais nos fatores de virulência de Candida albicans em biofilme : estudo in vitro /." São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/165131.

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Orientador: Luciane Dias de Oliveira
Coorientadora: Graziella Nuernberg Back Brito
Banca: Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos
Banca: Mariella Vieira Pereira Leão
Resumo: Cepas isoladas de infecções graves por Candida albicans expressam inúmeros fatores de virulência e a compreensão destes fatores permite esclarecer os mecanismos inerentes ao patógeno no processo infeccioso, assim como ferramentas terapêuticas que modulem a expressão destes fatores e permitam o controle de infecções persistentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência de 4 extratos vegetais no crescimento deste fungo quando em bifilme, assim como na expressão dos fatores de virulência (proteinase, fosfolipase e hemolisina) de C. albicans. Para isso, biofilmes de 48 horas de C. albicans (ATCC 18804) foram expostos a diferentes concentrações dos extratos glicólicos de Hamamelis virginiana, Persea. americana, Cynara scolymus L e Stryphnodendro barbatiman M, por 5 minutos e 24 h, para verificar a atividade antifúngica (redução em relação ao controle), e a secreção de proteinase, fosfolipase e hemolisina, utilizando meios especificos. Todos os extratos testados foram efetivos na redução do biofilme de C. albicans. Quando em contato por 5 min os extratos foram capazes de reduzir o biofilme em 50% em média, reduções mais expressivas foram encontradas depois de 24 h de exposição. O extrato de P. americana (25 mg/mL) reduziu o biofilme em 90%, em relação ao controle, seguido de C. scolymus (100 mg/mL), que reduziu em 85%. A secreção de proteinase foi alterada, tanto em 5 min como em 24 h, sendo a Pz (atividade enzimática) média de 0,69, em relação ao controle Pz= 0,49. Cynar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Strains isolated from severe Candida. albicans infections express numerous virulence factors, which suggest the understanding of these factors allows to clarify the mechanisms inherent to the pathogen in the infectious process, as well as therapeutic tools that modulate the expression of these factors and allow the control of persistent infections. Biofilms of 48 hours of C. albicans (ATCC 18804) were exposed to different concentrations of the glycolic extracts of Hamamelis virginiana and Persea. americana, Cynara. scolymus L and Stryphnodendron. barbatiman M, for 5 minutes and 24 h, to verify the antifungal activity, and secretion of proteinase, phospholipase and hemolysin. All extracts tested were effective in reducing the biofilm of C. albicans. When in contact for 5 min the extracts were able to reduce the mean of 50% of the biofilm. More significant reductions were found after 24 h of exposure. The extract of P. americana (25 mg/ml) reduced biofilm by 90% compared to control, followed by C. scolymus (100 mg/ml), which reduced by 85%. The enzymatic activiti (Pz) of proteinase was altered, both in 5 min and 24 h, the mean Pz being 0.69, in relation to the control Pz = 0.49. C. scolymus was the extract with the highest mean Pz at the concentration of 100 mg/ml, 0.73 and 0.78, when treated for 5 min and 24 h, respectively, in relation to the control (Pz = 0.48) (p <0,0001). Phospholipase secretion was altered after treatment, with S. barbatiman (100 mg/ml) being the most eff... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Samdumu, Faga B. "Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from Combretum paniculatum, a plant with proven anti-HIV replication activity." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08032007-173831/.

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Silva, Cristiane Karina Malvezzi da. "Atividade antimicrobiana de produtos naturais para obtenção de novos biofármacos: estudo dos extratos brutos e suas associações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-26092012-162426/.

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Estudos da atividade biológica de produtos naturais visando suas aplicações no controle de microrganismos são estratégicos e de fundamental importância econômica e social. Considerando o grande potencial da biodiversidade brasileira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do xilitol e dos extratos brutos obtidos das folhas das plantas Eugenia uniflora, Psidum guajava, Punica granatum e Syzygium cumini, bem como da associação entre os extratos e entre o xilitol e os extratos. Os extratos foram obtidos de folhas frescas maceradas em uma solução de etanol 95%, filtrada após 72 horas e concentrada em evaporador rotatório sob pressão reduzida. Foi realizada a técnica de macrodiluição em caldo e o crescimento das bactérias Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) foi verificado pela leitura da absorbância dos tubos. O crescimento bacteriano normal foi considerado como 100%. A porcentagem de inibição sobre o crescimento bacteriano foi calculada subtraindo-se de 100% a porcentagem de crescimento na presença do extrato, xilitol ou associações. Todos os extratos inibiram o crescimento bacteriano, no entanto a atividade sobre a bactéria E. coli foi inferior aquela obtida para a bactéria S. aureus. Nos ensaios na presença de xilitol apenas a bactéria S. aureus teve seu crescimento inibido. As associações entre os extratos das folhas das espécies E. uniflora e P. guajava e das espécies E. uniflora e P. granatum promoveram inibições superiores e em concentrações menores sobre o crescimento da bactéria S. aureus quando comparadas com as inibições promovidas pelos extratos isolados, indicando um efeito antimicrobiano sinérgico entre estes extratos. As associações entre o xilitol e os extratos das folhas das espécies E. uniflora ou S. cumini e entre o xilitol e os extratos das folhas das espécies P. guajava ou P. granatum apresentaram um efeito antimicrobiano sinérgico sobre as bactérias S. aureus e E. coli, respectivamente. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem na busca de novas alternativas terapêuticas antimicrobianas, uma vez que pode servir de subsídio para novos estudos químicos e farmacológicos a partir de fontes naturais brasileiras.
Biological activities studies of natural products aiming their applications in microorganisms control are strategic, economic, and socially important. Considering the Brazilian biodiversity‟s large potential, the purpose of this work was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of xylitol and of crude extracts obtained from leaves of the following plants: Eugenia uniflora, Psidum guajava, Punica granatum and Syzygium cumini, as well as from the association of the extracts and of xylitol with the extracts. The extracts were obtained from fresh leaves macerated in a 95% ethanol solution, filtered after 72 hours and concentrated in spinning evaporator under reduced pressure. The broth macrodilution technique was used and growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria was observed upon reading of pipes absorption. Regular bacterial growth was considered as 100%. The percentage of inhibition over bacterial growth was calculated by subtracting from 100%, the growth percentage in the presence of the essence, xylitol or associations. All extracts inhibited bacterial growth, but the activity on E. coli bacteria was inferior to the one obtained for S. aureus bacteria. In tests in the presence of xyliol only the S. aureus bacteria had its growth inhibited. Associations between the extracts from leaves of the species E. uniflora and P. guajava and the species E. uniflora and P. granatum promoted superior inhibitions and in inferior concentrations over the growth of S. aureus bacteria in comparison to inhibitions promoted by isolated extracts, indicating a synergetic antimicrobial effect between these extracts. The associations between xylitol and the extracts of E. uniflora or S. cumini species and between xylitol and the extracts from leaves of the species P. guajava or P. granatum presented a synergetic antimicrobial effect over the S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, respectively. The results of the present study contribute in the search of antimicrobial therapeutic alternatives, once it can be used as base for new chemical and pharmacological studies from Brazilian natural sources.

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Assis, Maria Angélica de Sá. "Ação antimicrobiana e citotoxicidade de extratos aquoso e glicólico de própolis sobre bactérias anaeróbias de importância odontológica /." São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180563.

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Orientador: Luciane Dias de Oliveira
Banca: Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de Carvalho
Banca: Jônatas Rafael de Oliveira
Resumo: As plantas medicinais e os fitoterápicos têm sido utilizados como coadjuvantes e alternativos no combate a diversas doenças com crescente frequência, no entanto, na Odontologia seu uso ainda é bastante limitado. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a ação antimicrobiana dos extratos aquoso e glicólico de própolis verde sobre micro-organismos anaeróbios de interesse odontológico, bem como sua citotoxicidade, a fim de introduzir e incentivar o uso efetivo e sistemático desse fitoterápico em produtos como dentifrícios e enxaguatórios bucais no combate a cáries e doenças periodontais. Os extratos comerciais aquoso e glicólico de própolis foram obtidos das empresas Apis Flora e Mapric, respectivamente. Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foram utilizadas cepas-padrão (ATCC) de Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis Porphyromonas gingivalis e Prevotella intermedia em cultura planctônica, verificando a concentração inibitória mínima e concentração microbicida mínima (CIM e CMM), segundo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Para biofilmes monotípicos, suspensões padronizadas (107 céls/mL) foram adicionadas em poços de microplacas e após 48 h em anaerobiose foram tratados com 3 concentrações do extrato de própolis (n=12) por 5 min. Foi incluído um controle positivo (solução fisiológica) e um controle negativo (clorexidina). O biofilme foi mensurado pelos testes MTT e Cristal Violeta. Para análise de citotoxicidade, queratinócitos hu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Medicinal plants and herbal medicines have been used as adjuvants and alternatives in fighting various diseases with increasing frequency. However, in dentistry its use is still quite limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial action of the aqueous and glycolic extracts of green propolis on anaerobic microorganisms of dental interest, in order to introduce and encourage the effective and systematic use of this herbal medicine in products such as dentifrices and mouthwashes in the fight against tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Aqueous and glycolic commercial extracts of propolis were obtained from Apis Flora and Mapric companies, respectively.To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, standard strains (ATCC) of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in planktonic culture was used, verifying the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicide concentration (MIC and CMM), according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. For monotypic biofilms, standardized suspensions (107 cells / mL) was added to microplate wells and after 48 h in anaerobiosis was treated with 3 concentrations of propolis extracts (n = 12) for 5 min. A positive control (saline solution) and a negative control (chlorhexidine) was included. The biofilm was measured by the MTT and Violet Crystal tests. For cytotoxicity analysis, human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Candido, Lafayette Pereira. "Bioatividade de extratos vegetais sobre os diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida de Aedes (Stegomyia)aegypti (L.1762)." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1857.

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Aedes aegypti, is responsible for the transmission of the viruses of the affection and the yellow fever. The development of resistance to the synthetic insecticides and its toxicity take the search of new methods as, for example, the naturals extract use. The present work evaluated the effect of extracts of Cnidosculos phyllacanthus, Coutarea hexandra and Ricinus communis on the different periods of training of the cycle of life of A.aegypti. The tests of plant aticvidad had been carried through in acclimatized room 26°C±2ºC and fotofase of 12 hours. One used rude extracts of trunk of C. phyllacanthus and C. hexandra, concentrated in rotating evaporator and the seed for attainment of the oil of R. communis. In the bioassays the effect had been evaluated larvicide, pupicide and adulticide of these products in function of different concentrations and the time of exposition. Lethal, ovicidal the effect sub and of repellency of oviposição of vegetal extracts was carried through using the lethal concentrations of the larvicide test (CL50 and CL90). The repellency of surface impregnated with the vegetal products was carried through using the dose of 0,5mg/cm2 and 2mg/cm2, in the period of 8 hours. The mortality data had been submitted to the Analysis of Probit for the determination of (CL50 and CL90). Mean values for the preference for oviposition in multiple choice were compared by Friedman test (P <0.05) and no-choice by Kruskal-Wallis (P <0.05). Vegetable oils of C. phyllacanthus and R. communis showed a greater efficiency in controlling larval CL50 = 0.55 ml and CL90 = 3ml and CL50= 0.05 ml and CL90 = 0.50 ml more promising. In the test with pupae, it was found toxic effect of all products containing significant amounts of (CL50 and CL90) after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. To this end sub-lethal concentrations of adulticide and C. phyllacanthus (oil) acted more effectively on the insect. All products through the IOA values showed repellent action on oviposition of A. aegypti, however, the concentrations of the extracts showed little ovicidal activity. Vegetable oils of C. phyllacanthus and R. communis showed more potential in controlling the different stages of the life cycle of this vector.
Aedes aegypti é o principal responsável pela transmissão dos vírus da dengue e febre amarela. O desenvolvimento de resistência aos inseticidas sintéticos e sua toxidade levam à busca de novos métodos como, por exemplo, a utilização de extratos vegetais. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos dos extratos de Cnidosculos phyllacanthus, Coutarea hexandra e Ricinus communis sobre os diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida do A. aegypti. Os testes de bioatividade vegetal foram realizados em sala climatizada a 26°C±2ºC e fotofase de 12 horas. Utilizaramse os extratos brutos do caule de C. phyllacanthus e C. hexandra, concentrados em evaporador rotativo e a semente para obtenção do óleo de R. communis e C. phyllacanthus. Nos bioensaios foram avaliados os efeitos larvicida, pupicida e adulticida desses produtos em função de diferentes concentrações e do tempo de exposição. O efeito sub letal, ovicida e de repelência de oviposição dos extratos vegetais foi realizado utilizando as concentrações letais do teste larvicida (CL50 e CL90). A repelência de superfície impregnada com os produtos vegetais foi feito com as dose de 0,5 mg/cm2 e 2 mg/cm2, no período de 8 horas. Os dados de mortalidade foram submetidos à Análise de Probit para a determinação das (CL50 e CL90). As médias referentes à preferência para oviposição em múltipla escolha foram comparadas pelo teste de Friedman (P<0,05) e sem chance de escolha pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P<0,05). Os óleos vegetais de C. phyllacanthus e R. communis demonstraram maior eficiência no controle larval com CL50 = 0,55ml e CL90 = 3ml e CL50 = 0,05ml e CL90 = 0,50ml. No teste com pupas, verificou-se efeito toxico de todos os produtos com valores significativos das (CL50 e CL90) após 24 e 48 horas de exposição. Para o efeito Sub Letal e adulticida as concentrações de C. phyllacanthus (óleo) agiram mais efetivamente sobre inseto. Todos os produtos através dos valores IOA demonstraram ação repelente na oviposição de A. aegypti, porém, as concentrações dos extratos indicaram pouca atividade ovicida. Os óleos vegetais de C. phyllacanthus e R. communis demonstraram maior potencialidades no controle dos diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida desse vetor.

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Silva, Daniela Rodrigues. "Extratos vegetais na proteção de membranas contra o dano fotoinduzido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46137/tde-30112016-103552/.

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O mercado de produtos cosméticos, especialmente aqueles que têm na sua composição constituintes naturais, está em franca expansão. Uma das razões desta expansão é que os extratos vegetais têm eficácia na proteção contra os efeitos da exposição solar, sendo que o mecanismo de ação envolve principalmente o efeito antioxidante, diminuindo ou inibindo os danos gerados pelos radicais livres e/ou por outros compostos oxidantes. Este efeito protetor dos extratos vegetais tem motivado o interesse das indústrias do ramo, especialmente no entendimento dos mecanismos de dano e proteção. Além do efeito antioxidante, demonstrou-se recentemente que compostos vegetais podem também exercer efeito protetor através da proteção de membranas. No entanto, a relação entre a capacidade antioxidante desses compostos e a eficiência de proteção de membranas ainda não foi estabelecida. Neste trabalho, pretende-se quantificar a eficácia relativa dos extratos vegetais em termos de proteção de membranas.
The market of cosmetics, especially those who have in their composition natural constituents, is booming. One reason for this increase is that the plant extracts are effective in protecting against the effects of solar exposure, and the mechanism of action involves mainly the antioxidant effect, decreasing or inhibiting the damage caused by free radicals and / or other oxidizing compounds. This protective effect of plant extracts has motivated the interest of the sector industries, especially in the understanding of the mechanisms of injury and protection. In addition to the antioxidant effect, it was demonstrated recently that plant compounds may also exert a protective effect by the protective membrane. However, the relationship between the antioxidant capacity of these compounds and membranes protecting efficiency has not been established. In this work, it is intended to quantify the relative efficacy of the plant extracts in terms of membrane protection.

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Barroso, D?bora Costa. "Adi??o de fitog?nicos em ra??es de frangos de corte." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1815.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This study was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, at the Animal Science Institute. Four experiments were performed using as zootechnical additives avilamycin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and piperine in the feed of broilers. The objective was to evaluate the production rates and the possibility of withdrawal of the feed antimicrobials, evaluating the impact on the metabolization of nutrients balanced diet, influence on hematological parameters, but also to quantify the activity of the digestive enzymes and antioxidants. In the first experiment were used five treatments: basal diet + antibiotic (avilamycin); basal diet; basal diet + 60 mg / kg piperine; basal diet + 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and carvacrol and basal diet + 15 mg / kg capsaicin, with six replicates of 10 birds each, totaling 30 plots and 300 birds in metabolic cages. One metabolizable trial lasting 10 days was done. At 36 days of age the chickens were killed and liver collected from four birds per treatment, for evaluation of the catalase enzyme activity. The second experiment was added wheat bran to feed reference for analysis of pancreatic enzyme activity (amylase and protease). Five treatments and five replications of 10 birds each, totaling 25 plots and 250 chickens were used. The treatments were: basal diet + antimicrobial; reference diet; basal diet + 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and carvacrol; basal diet + 15 mg / kg capsaicin; basal diet + 30 mg / kg capsaicin. In the third experiment were used five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds each, totaling 30 plots and 300 chickens. The same treatments of the second experiment performed and were used in metabolic cages with performance analysis, carcass characteristics and metabolization assay. In the fourth experiment, we analyzed the performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters. The chickens were distributed in five treatments, similar to the second and third experiments, four repetitions with 30 chickens, totaling 600 birds in experimental shed. Data were analyzed by statistical program and when found significant effect was used SNK test and Dunnett's test for comparison of means with significance of 5% (p <0.05). The use of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine and capsaicin kept the results to villus height similar ileum when used avilamycin. Capsaicin protease resulted in equivalent pancreatic enzyme activity in the group that received avilamycin, as apparent metabolizable energy similar to that of chickens receiving the antimicrobial. By using 30 mg / kg capsaicin were observed decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion, lower post-fasting body weight and lower weight of hot carcass. The use of the tested phytogenic beneficially influenced some traits, justifying its use in the diet of broiler chickens
O presente trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no Instituto de Zootecnia. Foram realizados quatro experimentos, utilizando os aditivos zoot?cnicos avilamicina, capsaicina, cinamalde?do, carvacrol e piperina na ra??o de frangos de corte. O objetivo foi avaliar os ?ndices produtivos e a possibilidade de retirada dos antimicrobianos da ra??o, avaliando o impacto na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da ra??o balanceada, a influ?ncia sobre par?metros hematol?gicos, e tamb?m quantificar a atividade das enzimas digestivas e antioxidantes. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados cinco tratamentos: ra??o refer?ncia + antimicrobiano (avilamicina); ra??o refer?ncia; ra??o refer?ncia + 60 mg/Kg de piperina; ra??o refer?ncia + 150 mg/Kg de cinamalde?do, capsaicina e carvacrol e ra??o refer?ncia + 15 mg/Kg de capsaicina, com seis repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 30 parcelas e 300 aves, em gaiolas metab?licas. Foi realizado um ensaio de metabolizabilidade com dura??o de 10 dias. Com 36 dias de idade, os frangos foram abatidos e coletado o f?gado de quatro aves por tratamento, para avalia??o da atividade da enzima catalase. No segundo experimento, foi acrescentado farelo de trigo ? ra??o refer?ncia, para an?lise da atividade enzim?tica pancre?tica (amilase e protease). Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos e cinco repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 25 parcelas e 250 frangos. Os tratamentos foram: ra??o refer?ncia + antimicrobiano; ra??o refer?ncia; ra??o refer?ncia + 150 mg/Kg de cinamalde?do, capsaicina e carvacrol; ra??o refer?ncia + 15 mg/Kg de capsaicina; ra??o refer?ncia + 30 mg/Kg de capsaicina. No terceiro experimento foram utilizados cinco tratamentos e seis repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 30 parcelas e 300 frangos. Foram utilizados os mesmos tratamentos do segundo experimento e realizado em gaiolas metab?licas, com an?lise de desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e ensaio de metabolizabilidade. No quarto experimento, foram analisados o desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e par?metros sangu?neos. Os frangos foram distribu?dos em cinco tratamentos, semelhantes aos do segundo e terceiro experimentos, sendo quatro repeti??es com 30 frangos, totalizando 600 aves, em galp?o experimental. Os dados foram analisados por programa estat?stico e quando verificado efeito significativo foi utilizado o teste SNK e o teste Dunnett para compara??o das m?dias com signific?ncia de 5% (p<0,05). O uso de carvacrol, cinamalde?do, capsaicina e piperina mantiveram o resultado para altura de vilosidade do ?leo semelhante quando utilizada avilamicina. A capsaicina resultou em atividade enzim?tica prote?sica no p?ncreas equivalente ao do grupo que recebeu avilamicina, assim como energia metaboliz?vel aparente semelhante a dos frangos que receberam ra??o com o antimicrobiano. Ao utilizar 30 mg/kg de capsaicina, foram observados diminui??o do ganho de peso e aumento da convers?o alimentar, menor peso vivo p?s-jejum e menor peso de carca?a quente. O uso dos fitog?nicos testados influenciou beneficamente algumas caracter?sticas estudadas, justificando seu uso na dieta de frangos de corte.

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FONTE, Renata N?polis. "Uso de extratos vegetais e terra diatom?cea associados ao condicionamento fisiol?gico no tratamento e armazenamento de sementes de milho (Zea mays L.)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2039.

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CAPES
Corn seed storage is a vital phase, in order to maintain high seed germination and vigor from harvest until planting. There is not many studies dedicated to find substitutes to synthetic fungicides and inseticides. The present study aimed evaluate effects of using plant extracts, diatomaceous powder and a synthetic fungicide, wich main active is captan, associated with osmo and hydropriming in corn (Zea mays L.) seed treatment and storage. Vegetal extracts of pepper (Piper nigrum), garlic (Allium sativum) e tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were used, chosen after being reported as owner of antimicrobial properties. Diatomaceous powder has been being used successfully in small farms, basically because it is composed mainly of silica, wich causes dehydration and death of insects of Sitophilus gender, commonly called ?carunchos?. Priming seeds comprehends controlled exposion of water, wich brings positive effects. Three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, all products were used in the form of powder, in seeds storaged in polyethylene (PET) bottles for ten months. In the second experiment the products were used associated with osmopriming, drying back to a water content near 10%, and the seeds were storaged in PET bottles for 8 months. In the third experiment, all products were used associated with hydropriming, dried back to a water content near 10%, and the seeds were storaged for 8 months. Evaluations were made every two months, measuring the seeds quality through germination test, germination speed index, seedlings length, weight, water content and blotter test during storage period. First experiment was outlined using a factorial design 6x6 (6 products: pepper, garlic and tobacco extracts, diatomaceous powder, synthetic fungicide and control e 6 storage periods: at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months). Second and third experiments were outlined using a factorial design 6x5 (6 products and 5 storage periods). Statistical analisys was performed by Sisvar software, storage periods were analysed using regression and products were submitted to Tukey test (p<0,05). It was observed a reduction in physiological quality of seeds with the advancement of storage, in all experiments performed. The use of the powder pepper extract resulted in the greatest % of germination and first germination count found. Garlic extract associated with osmopriming in seeds treatment resulted in higher values of seeds germinated at the end of storage. The hydropriming associated with the pepper extract resulted in higher values of germination speed index, length of seedlings and seedling dry weight. Regarding sanitary quality, the most frequently found were species of the genera Rhizopus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Fungicide resulted in better control of these pathogens in most analysis, but was overcome by the use of garlic extract associated with osmopriming in control of Rhizopus and Penicillium and was similar to the use of diatomaceous earth and tobacco extract associated with hydropriming in control of Rhizopus.
O armazenamento de sementes de milho ? uma etapa crucial do processo de produ??o e quase sempre obrigat?ria, considerando a diferen?a entre a ?poca de colheita e semeadura posterior. Na produ??o de sementes em cultivo org?nico, n?o existe abund?ncia de trabalhos que estudem alternativas ao uso de inseticidas e funcigidas sint?ticos. O presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos de extratos vegetais, terra diatom?cea e funcigida comercial com captana como princ?pio ativo associados ao condicionamento fisiol?gico no tratamento e armazenamento de sementes de milho (Zea mays L.). Os extratos usados foram de pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.), alho (Allium sativum L.) e tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), detentores de propriedades antimicrobianas. A terra diatom?cea ? usada com sucesso no armazenamento de sementes na agricultura familiar, no controle de insetos do g?nero Sitophilus, comumente chamados de ?carunchos?. O condicionamento fisiol?gico engloba um conjunto de t?cnicas, que envolvem a exposi??o das sementes ? embebi??o controlada de ?gua, com benef?cios para seu armazenamento. Foram realizados 3 experimentos. No primeiro foram usados os extratos bot?nicos e a terra diatom?cea em p?, em sementes armazenadas em garrafas de polietileno (PET) por dez meses. No segundo, foram usados os mesmos produtos via osmocondicionamento, com posterior secagem at? as sementes atingirem teores de ?gua pr?ximos a 10% e armazenamento por 8 meses. No terceiro, os produtos foram usados via hidrocondicionamento, seguido de secagem at? teores pr?ximos de 10% de ?gua e armazenamento por 8 meses. Foram realizadas avalia??es sobre a qualidade fisiol?gica (testes de germina??o, velocidade de germina??o, comprimento de pl?ntula, massa seca de pl?ntulas e teor de ?gua) e sanit?ria (blotter test) a cada dois meses durante o per?odo de armazenamento. O primeiro experimento foi delineado em esquema fatorial 6x6 (6 produtos: extrato de pimenta-do-reino, alho e tabaco, terra diatom?cea, fungicida comercial e testemunha ? nenhum produto e 6 pontos de avalia??es durante os dez meses de armazenamento). O segundo e terceiro experimento foram delineados em esquema fatorial 6x5 (6 produtos e 5 pontos de avalia??es durante os 8 meses de armazenagem). Os dados foram submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica no programa Sisvar, usando regress?o para per?odos de armazenamento e teste Tukey (p<0,05) para produtos. Foi observada redu??o da qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes com o armazenamento em todos os experimentos realizados. O uso do extrato de pimenta-do-reino em p? resultou nas maiores porcentagens de germina??o e primeira contagem da germina??o. O extrato de alho associado ao osmocondicionamento resultou nos maiores valores de sementes germinadas ao final do armazenamento. O hidrocondicionamento associado ao extrato de pimenta-do-reino resultou nos maiores valores de ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o, comprimento de pl?ntulas e massa seca de pl?ntulas. Em rela??o ? qualidade sanit?ria, foram encontrados com maior frequ?ncia esp?cies dos g?neros Rhizopus, Penicillium e Fusarium. O fungicida apresentou melhores resultados no controle desses pat?genos, na maioria das avalia??es, por?m, foi superado pelo uso do extrato de alho associado ao osmocondicionamento no controle de Rhizopus e Penicillium e foi similar ao uso de terra diatom?cea e extrato de fumo associados ao hidrocondicionamento no controle de Rhizopus.

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Schlüter, Mônia de Almeida. "Avaliação de extratos vegetais no controle da lagarta-da-soja (anticarsia gemmatalis) hübner, 1818 (lepidoptera: noctuidae) sob diferentes pressões populacionais a campo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4957.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Aiming the discovering of new products with less impact to the environment, there were made experiments aiming to evaluate the efficiency on control, as well as the feeding inibit result on soya caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis).with different vegetation stratum in different commercial soya tillings in Uruguaiana and Santa Maria (RS), from january to March, 2005 under low, medium and high population pressure. There were evaluate nim oil at 5%, watered stratum of cinamomum at 1/6 (p/v), distilled of Timbó 1/1 (v/v), distilled of araticum 1/1 (v/v) standart treatment (permetrina), dosage of 0,05 L ha-1 and testifying treatment (water). In all the treatments adherent spreading at 0,1% was used. The doses were applied at tilling, of soya plants and there was noticed that the concentrations experienced had some insecticide activity on Anticasia gemmatalis causing high mortality. The mortality changes with the use of the different stratum grub state of the insect, population pressure and weather conditions of the place. There was noticed that the leaf eat away by caterpillars under the effect of stratum tested was little when compared with, those of tistiled treatment, even when made on high population pressure.
Objetivando a descoberta de novos produtos que sejam menos impactantes ao meio ambiente, foram conduzidos experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de controle de Anticarsia gemmatalis e nível de dano, em diferentes lavouras comerciais de soja, nos municípios de Uruguaiana e Santa Maria (RS), no período de janeiro a março de 2005 sob pressão populacional baixa, média e alta. Foram avaliados o óleo de nim a 5%, extrato aquoso de cinamomo 1/6 (p/v), destilado de timbó 1/1 (v/v), destilado de araticum 1/1 (v/v), tratamento padrão (permetrina), na dose de 0,05L ha-1 e tratamento testemunha (água). Em todos os tratamentos utilizou-se espalhante adesivo 0,1%. As doses foram aplicadas a campo, sobre as plantas de soja, e verificou-se que as concentrações testadas exerceram acentuada atividade inseticida sobre A. gemmatalis, provocando elevada mortalidade, porém, esta variou de acordo com o extrato testado, estádio larval do inseto, pressão populacional e condições meteorológicas do local. Verificou-se que o consumo foliar por lagartas submetidas à ação dos extratos testados foi reduzido, quando comparados àquelas do tratamento testemunha, mesmo quando realizado sob pressão populacional alta.

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Oliveira, Décio Gomes de [UNESP]. "Características sócio-demográficas e epidemiológicas da tuberculose: avaliação etnobotânica e da atividade antimicobacteriana das plantas utilizadas por uma comunidade indígena." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100125.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A relação entre o risco de desenvolvimento da tuberculose e os fatores sócioeconômicos é bastante conhecida, e afeta diretamente as comunidades indígenas devido as suas condições de miséria e desrespeito a sua étnia e a sua cultura. Em relação a tuberculose, é também reconhecida a existência de problemas referentes a falência do esquema terapêutico devido ao abandono e até mesmo do uso incorreto dos medicamentos. A tuberculose multirresistente é um problema nacional e internacional que traz varias dificuldades para controle global da doença. Neste sentido, a emergência de tuberculose multirresistente eleva a necessidade de se pesquisar novas drogas com atividade antimicobacteriana. Por outro lado, o conhecimento indígena em relação as plantas nativas utilizadas na cura de doenças muito tem contribuído com o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas, para obtenção de novos medicamentos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar estudos epidemiológicos da tuberculose e etnobotânico de seis espécies vegetais utilizadas pela população Indígena da Aldeia Vanuíre estimada de 186 índios (estabelecida no município de Arco-íris no extremo Oeste Paulista). O estudo epidemiológico, foi realizado através de informações obtidas por questionário especifico impresso e de ficha de notificação. No levantamento epidemiológico que foi realizado durante um período de 10 anos (1994 à 2004), foi notificado apenas um caso de tuberculose. Do estudo etnobotânico realizado junto a população Indígena foram listadas plantas medicinais estudadas, descritas segundo as suas formulações de uso mais comum: Ananas sativus Schultz pseudoananas, abacaxizinho-domato, ananá (xarope do fruto); Vernonia polyanthes Less assa-peixe (tintura alcoólica das raízes);....
The relations between the risk of tuberculosis development and social-economic factors are widely known. These problems affect directly the aboriginal communities due to their conditions of misery and generalized disrespect to their ethnic and cultural differences. It is also recognized the existence of several problems related to failing of the tuberculosis treatment due the abandonment and the incorrect use of medicines. The tuberculosis multi-resistant is a national and international problem that results in difficulties for global control of the illness. The emergency of multiresistant tuberculosis made urgent the search of new drugs against tuberculosis. On the other hand, the aboriginal knowledge about the use of native plants for the cure of illnesses has contributed with the scientific research development, in order to obtain new medicines. The purpose of the present study was to realize epidemiological research of tuberculosis and ethno-botanic study of six plant species commonly used as medicinal herbs by the aborigine population of the Vanuire Village. This community is composed by 186 people that are established in Arco Iris city, located at the western part of the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The epidemiological study involved the analysis of information obtained by using a specific printed questionnaire. During the 10 years period (from 1994 through 2004) that this epidemiological survey has carried on, only one case of tuberculosis was notified. The ethno-botanic study resulted in the several information about the medicinal drinks that were described according to their common usage formulation: Ananas sativus Shultz - pseudoananas, abacaxizinho do mato (boiled fruits extract); Vernonia polyanthes Less assa peixe (roots alcoholic extract);...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

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Debbri, Hawa Abdulgader. "Plant extracts as treatment for diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2113/.

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The herbal extract of Artemisia has been regarded to be anti-hyperglycaemic since olden times and is commonly used by diabetics in Libya. The present work was designed to evaluate, test and determine which fraction or component of the herb had the hypoglycaemic effects in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The plant extract was administered to the animals in their drinking water and body weight, food and fluid intake and urine volume were all monitored daily. Food and fluid intake and body weight gain in normal rats were not altered by treatment with the plant extract but there was a rise in the urine glucose in the first six rats but rats 7, 8 and 9 were not affected by treatment with plant. Urine volume was increased in all rats suggesting Artemisia judaica is a mild diuretic. The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, used in this study, was associated with the characteristic diabetic symptoms of hyperphagia, hyperglycaemia, polydipsia, weight loss and urinary glucose excretion. When a crude aqueous extract of Artemisia was given in their drinking water, it had little effect on these symptoms after 10 days of treatment. Urine glucose was reduced in the last two days and ketones in the urine were abolished by this treatment. Diabetes mellitus is known to affect many and varied parameters in rat liver. Insulin, biguanides and sulphonylureas are known antidiabetic diabetic treatments. Artemisia judaica extract was tested for its effect on hepatic steroid metabolism and glycogen phosphorylase a activity in comparison with the above drugs. Clearly Artemisia does act as an insulin-mimetic in these assays by reversing all the effects produced by the administration of streptozotocin. In particular the changes in the enzyme activities of cytochrome P-450 (2E1, 2B and 2C) on androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione metabolism are all reversed by the administration of Artemisia extract to diabetic rats.

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Moshref, Mahmood. "Investigation of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388711.

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Salloum, Gregory Stewart. "Insect growth inhibitors from asteraceous plant extracts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26529.

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Petrol and ethanolic extracts of six asteraceous weeds were added to artificial diet and screened for inhibition of larval growth on variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia (Hbn.). Petrol and ethanolic extracts of Artemisia tridentata and Chamomilla suaveolens and ethanolic extracts of Chrysothamnus nauseosus and Centaurea diffusa were highly inhibitory at five times the naturally occurring concentrations. The two C. suaveolens extracts and the ethanol extract of A. tridentata were active at the natural concentration (100%) and were further examined at 20, 40, 60, and 80% of this level. Inhibition of larval growth was directly related to concentration for each of the three extracts tested. EC₅₀'S (effective concentration to inhibit growth by 50% relative to controls) for the three extracts were 36-42% of the naturally occurring level in the plants. Nutritional indices were calculated for second instar P. saucia feeding on the active ethanolic A. tridentata extract and the petrol extract from C. suaveolens. The relative growth rate (RGR) of P. saucia larvae fed the ethanolic extract of A. tridentata in artificial diet was significantly lower than that in larvae fed diet with the petrol extract of C. suaveolens and larvae on control diet. Dietary utilization was significantly lower for larvae fed the A. tridentata extract. Results of a field trial indicated that a single treatment of A. tridentata extract at the equivalent of 0.2 g/ml could protect cabbage significantly better than the carrier solvent (30% aq ethanol) or distilled water as measured by a visual damage estimate. An insecticide standard, deltamethrin (17.9 µg/1 with 0.4% Superspred TM ), suppressed pest damage significantly better than the A. tridentata-extract treatment. A residual oviposition deterrency to Pieris rapae was found in the field results. Caged experiments in the laboratory confirmed the contact oviposition deterrency of the A. tridentata extract at 0.2 g/ml. Offspring of field-collected P. saucia larvae grew 2.5-fold heavier than larvae from the laboratory colony. However, diet with the A. tridentata extract inhibited both field-collected and laboratory reared saucia larvae equally when compared to their respective controls fed untreated diet. In summary, these results indicate the potential benefit of using specific unrefined plant extracts for growth inhibitors and oviposition deterrents against insect pests. The contribution of individual phytochemicals in the A. tridentata ethanolic extract to growth inhibition or oviposition deterrency is currently speculative.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Moreira, Kíria Karolline Gomes. "Aditivos fitogênicos na terminação de tourinhos nelore confinados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8773.

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Phytogenic additives with action similar to ionophores can be used as alternatives to synthetic additives. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of phytogenic antimicrobial additives on performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and ruminal metabolic profile of Nellore bulls feedlot. In the first experiment, 114 Nellore steers (335.48 ± 25.70 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments: monensin; S. Adstrigens extract; essential oils blend; functional oils cashew, castor and copaiba on the growth performance and carcass. The diet consisted of 19.49% sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% concentrate (DM basis). DMI of animals receiving monensin (104 days feedlot) was 16.2% lower than the animals that consumed dry extract and 8.6% lower than the animals that received functional oils (P <0.001). Animals that consumed dry extract of S. adstrigens showed higher consumption of NDF (P <0.001). FBW (μ = 485.60 kg) and ADG (μ = 1.42 kg/d) were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). FE was better (P <0.05) for MON (0.184 kg/kg) than BBT and MOE. There was no difference (P>0.05) for carcass characteristics. The use of phytogenic additives in feed of confined cattle did not influence the carcass characteristics, but the use of monensin still provides better performance results. In the second experiment, was to evaluate the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients of a finishing diet with phytogenic additives. Five fistulated steers (initial BW = 275.40 ± 15.53 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design. Treatments were: no additive; monensin 30 mg/kg DM; extract of S. adstrigens 1.500 mg/kg DM; mixture of essential oils 118 mg/kg DM; mixture of functional oils from cashew, castor, and copaiba 250 mg/kg DM. The diet consisted on DM basis of 19.49% of sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% of concentrate with corn, soybean meal, urea and minerals. There were no effects (P>0.05) on nutrients intake, apparent digestibility concentration of VF, acetate:propionate ratio and concentration of NH3-N. Steers fed mixture of functional oils showed higher ruminal pH (6,75) than BBT (6,54; P <0.05). Phytogenic additives have the potential to replace synthetic antibiotics without penalizing the productive system of beef cattle.
Aditivos fitogênicos com ação semelhante aos ionóforos podem ser utilizados como alternativas, a fim de abranger mercados que tenham restrições quanto ao uso de aditivos sintéticos. Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de aditivos antimicrobianos fitogênicos sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e perfil metabólico ruminal de tourinhos Nelore confinados. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se o desempenho animal e as características de carcaça de 114 tourinhos Nelore com peso corporal inicial de 335,48±25,70 kg. Os tratamentos foram: MON - monensina 30 mg/kg MS; BBT - extrato de Barbatimão (S. adstrigens) 1.500 mg/kg de MS; MOE – mistura de óleos essenciais de (cinamaldeído, eugenol, oleoresina de pimenta e carvacrol) - 118 mg/kg de MS; e, MOF – mistura de óleos funcionais de caju, mamona e copaíba 250 mg/kg de MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo que os blocos foram definidos pelo PI dos animais e as baias foram consideradas como repetições. A dieta consistia em 19,49% de bagaço de cana in natura e 80,51% de concentrado na MS. O consumo de matéria seca dos animais que receberam MON durante os 104 dias de confinamento foi 16,2% menor que os animais que consumiram BBT e 8,6% menor que os animais que receberam MOF (P < 0,001). Animais que consumiram BBT apresentaram maior consumo de FDN (P < 0,001). PF (μ= 485,60 kg) e GMD (μ= 1,42 kg/d) não foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P > 0,05). A EA foi melhor (P < 0,05) para MON (0,184 kg/kg) quando comparada a BBT e MOE. Não houve diferença (P > 0,05) para as características de carcaça. O uso de aditivos fitogênicos na ração de bovinos confinados não influenciou as características de carcaça, porém a utilização da monensina sódica ainda proporciona melhores resultados de desempenho. No segundo experiemento, avaliou-se as características da fermentação ruminal e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de bovinos Nelore. Cinco bovinos castrados fistulados no rúmen (275,40 ± 15,53 kg) foram usados em delineamento Quadrado Latino 5 × 5. Os tratamentos foram: controle - sem aditivo; monensina sódica 30 mg/kg MS; extrato de Barbatimão (S. adstrigens) 1.500 mg/kg de MS; mistura de óleos essenciais de (cinamaldeído, eugenol, oleoresina de pimenta e carvacrol) - 118 mg/kg de MS; mistura de óleos funcionais de caju, mamona e copaíba 250 mg/kg de MS. A dieta continha na MS 19,49% de bagaço de cana e 80,51% de concentrado com milho, farelo de soja, ureia e minerais. Não houve efeito (P > 0,05) dos aditivos sobre o consumo, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, concentração de AGCC, relação acetato:propionato e concentração de N-NH3. Novilhos alimentados com MOF apresentaram pH ruminal mais elevado (6,75) do que novilhos recebendo BBT (6,54; P < 0,05). Aditivos fitogênicos possuem potencial para substituir antibióticos sintéticos sem prejudicar o sistema produtivo de bovinos de corte.

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Muwanga, Catherine. "An assessment of Hypoxis hemerocallidea extracts, and actives as natural antibiotic, and immune modulation phytotherapies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3303_1184589097.

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In South Africa, the crude aqueous extract from Hypoxis hemerocallidea is used by AIDS patients to treat opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and extreme drug resistant tuberculosis, in recent years, is a major threat to human health. The treatment of TB, nosocomial bacterial infections, and fungal infections is now a clinical challenge, especially in the immuno-compromised individual. There is a dire need for novel antibiotic alternatives with phytotherapies and plant-derived compounds as potentially promising alternatives. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of Hypoxis hemerocallidea, a South African medicinal plant, using Mycobacterium smegmatis.

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48

Mawela, Kedibone Gloria. "The toxicity and repellent properties of plant extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine to control ticks." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02162009-151403/.

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49

Harris, Taahir. "Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) from Mpumalanga province of South Africa: phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of seeds and product extracts." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2789.

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Thesis MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) an indigenous legume cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa has been proclaimed to have medicinal properties from communities and in rural areas. However, there is not enough scientific information to validate these claims. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible medicinal properties of Bambara groundnut (BGN), by analysing the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of BGN seed and product extracts from Mpumalanga province within South Africa. The BGN extracts (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, milli-Q water) from seeds and products (milk and yoghurt) were screened for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, riboflavin and thiamine using analytical laboratory methods for basic screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for quantification. The antimicrobial activity involved direct bioautography and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 33591 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433. For the seed extracts, flavonoids and phenols were highly concentrated in the red and brown hulls of BGN compared to whole and dehulled BGN. Organic solvents in comparison to water yielded the highest concentration of flavonoids, whilst water yielded the highest concentration for phenols. Flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (24.458 ± 0.234 mg.g-1, brown hull extracted with 70% methanol), quercetin (0.070 ± 0.043 mg.g-1, red hull extracted with 70% methanol), kaempferol (0.391 ± 0.161 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with 70% ethanol) and myricetin (1.800 ± 0.771 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with 70% methanol). For phenol compounds, gallic acid (0.009 ± 0.004 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), catechin (0.026 ± 0.041 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), methyl gallate (0.008 ± 0.013 mg.g-1; brown whole extracted with milli-Q water), chlorogenic acid (0.115 ± 0.199 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water) and ellagic acid (0.105 ± 0.082 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with milli-Q water) were detected. Vitamins B1 and B2 (riboflavin and thiamine) were mostly present in milli-Q water extracts. Black-eye hull had the highest concentration of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) consisting of 0.072 mg.g-1 (extracted with milli-Q water) and 0.002 mg.g-1 (extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol). Red and brown hull extracts from organic solvents (70% ethanol and 70% methanol) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas the whole, dehulled and hulls (black-eye and brown-eye) extracts had no antimicrobial activity. As for BGN products extracts, flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (5.694 mg.g-1, whole BGN milk, milli-Q water), quercetin (0.703 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, milli-Q water) and myricetin (0.987 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, 70% ethanol).

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Odei-Addo, Frank, and Ruby-Ann Levendal. "Leonotis leonurus: understanding the mechanism of anti-diabetic action and investigating a nano drug delivery system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13116.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The leaf extract of Leonotis leonurus and its active compound marrubiin, have been shown to possess anti-diabetic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulation activity. In the present study, the mechanism by which L. leonurus and marrubiin exert their anti-diabetic properties, the cross-talk between the peripheral tissues and a nano drug delivery system were investigated. Marrubiin in the plant extract was effectively quantified by an optimised reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) protocol using a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column with water and acetonitrile (50:50) as mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1ml/min. The chemical structure was determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy LC-MS/MS. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) gene expression of selected adipokines and proteins implicated in Type-2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated in specific peripheral tissues isolated from an in vivo obese rat model. An in vitro cell culture model was used to determine the crosstalk between the peripheral tissues and pancreatic (INS-1E) β-cells. Various nanoformulations of L. leonurus extract were prepared and their effect on cytotoxicity (in Chang liver and INS-1 cells), insulin-mediated glucose uptake (Change liver cells) and insulin secretion (INS-1) were investigated. The average yield of marrubiin from the plant extract was 10% (n=3), with a molecular mass of 333.20Da and a molecular formula of C20H29O4 +. Results from the in vivo study showed that the L. leonurus extract significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the gene expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), glucokinase (GK), uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) and reduced leptin in adipose tissue, but resistin, glucose transporters (GLUT), fatty acid synthase (FAS), insulin receptor substrate -1 (IRS-1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression were not affected. Marrubiin decreased gene expression of leptin and resistin, and increased IRS-1 and glucokinase in adipose tissue. In liver and muscle tissues, marrubiin and the L. leonurus extract reduced gene expression of PPAR-γ, IRS-1, glucokinase and PEPCK. In the in vitro crosstalk study (under normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions), conditioned medium from 3T3-L1 cells significantly (p<0.01) enhanced insulin secretion. This was not observed in INS-1E cells exposed to muscle- and liver-conditioned medium, respectively. The in vitro studies using a nanostructured lipid formulation (NLC) of the plant extract was not cytotoxic to either INS-1 and Chang liver cells. The NLC formulation significantly (p<0.05) enhanced glucose uptake in Chang liver cells and improved chronic insulin release in INS-1 cells (p<0.05). Based on the above findings from the in vivo and in vitro studies, both L. leonurus and marrubiin exerted an insulinotropic effect via adipose tissue on pancreatic β-cells. The findings in the in vivo study showed that marrubiin and the L. leonurus extract were employing their major anti-diabetic action via the adipose tissue.

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