Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extraits de plantes'
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Mesguiche, Véronique. "Synthèse de l'acide 7-méthoxy-dodéc-4-énoi͏̈que extrait de la cyanobactérie Lyngbya majuscula. Isolement et identification de métabolites secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres secondaires extraits d'algues marines des genres Bifurcaria et Cystoseira." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30088.
Full textMouguech, Najet. "Étude de l'effet anticorrosion des extraits de plantes lors d'une fermentation : optimisation et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP118.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the electrochemical behavior of galvanized steel in a kombucha fermentation medium, with and without the addition of date palm leaf extracts of the Deglet Nour (PDN) and Alig (PA) varieties. The main objective was to develop an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for corrosion protection by utilizing the synergistic properties of plant extracts and the metabolites produced during fermentation. The results show that galvanized steel immersed in kombucha accelerates fermentation through rapid sugar consumption and increased production of acetic acid and ethanol, while enhancing the bioactivity of the fermented extracts. The Deglet Nour (PDN) and Alig (PA) palm leaf extracts demonstrated partial corrosion inhibition, reducing the corrosion rate by 50% for PDN and 40% for PA compared to abiotic tests. PDN induced more localized corrosion, while PA generated more homogeneous corrosion. However, the lack of a conclusive inhibitory effect during fermentation led to the exploration of an alternative maceration method. A design of experiments helped optimize maceration extraction parameters (particle size, material-to-solvent ratio, and time). The resulting extracts showed improved antioxidant properties and a more promising inhibitory potential under simulated corrosion conditions. Tests at different concentrations (0.2 to 0.8 g/L) revealed a correlation between antioxidant activity and anticorrosion efficiency, although this relationship was not systematic. This work not only enhances understanding of the interactions between galvanized steel and the kombucha fermentation medium but also demonstrates the potential of palm leaf extracts as natural corrosion inhibitors. These findings pave the way for biomaterial applications in corrosion protection, though further studies are needed to optimize their effectiveness
PINILLA, VERONIQUE. "Purification de composes a activite immunomodulatrice, extraits de plantes de la pharmacopee chinoise." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13183.
Full textCholet, Juliette. "Valorisation à visée nutraceutique et/ou cosmétique du patrimoine botanique auvergnat : plantes à potentiel anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC015.
Full textRelatively under-exploited, the innovation potential related to the biological activities of secondary plant metabolites is nevertheless considerable. Therefore, we chose to study the flora of the Auvergne, known for its richness and diversity, and which has many plants that are still little studied. Thanks to the regional skills in this field of activity (academic and industrial), a collaborative project has been set up to study and promote Auvergne plants with anti-inflammatory activities (PlantInAuv project 2017-2020). This thesis work was part of this project, with the aim of studying the anti-inflammatory potential of local plant extracts in vitro. In the year preceding this thesis work, a selection was made on a large sample of about 200 plants, which resulted in a first round of 15 plants selected for the project at the beginning of the thesis.In a first phase, a screening was carried out on a selection of 15 plants. The extracts of these plants were tested on a wide range of markers of inflammation using human leucocytes. These tests enabled us to identify plants with anti-inflammatory potential, some of them acting on the activation of NFκB, and to select seven of them for further experiments.In a second phase, the selected plants were evaluated by setting up a three-dimensional joint inflammation model. The extract of Luzula sylvatica proved to be particularly interesting: it could provide interesting antioxidant protection against cartilage damage and reduce inflammation of the joint, by reducing the secretion of PGE2 in the synovial fluid. In addition, it could act directly on chondrocytes by decreasing the expression of proteases and thus preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix.In a third phase, the selection of seven plants was evaluated in a skin inflammation model, using an original model mimicking an inflamed skin i.e. fibroblasts in the presence of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile. Once again, we chose to present the results obtained with the Luzula sylvatica extract. It showed good antioxidant properties and modified the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In addition, it dampened the expression of several genes linked to TGFβ in the fibroblasts, indicating that it could be of interest in preventing the formation of fibrotic scars. Of the 15 plants initially selected in the project, two (Bupleurum rotundifolium and Luzula sylvatica) have been, or will be, the subject of an academic valorization with publication of the results. The rest of the plants selected following the screening phase will be valorised by the industrial partners of the project
Eyele, Mve-Mba Célestin. "Contribution à l'étude chimique des constituants volatils extraits des plantes aromatiques de l'Afrique subéquatoriale." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20170.
Full textRoger, Benoît. "Contribution à l'étude des rhizomes, huiles essentielles et extraits d'Iris germanica L. Et d'Iris pallida Lam. Du Maroc." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4084.
Full textThis report is dedicated to the chemical study of rhizomes, essential oil, and extracts of Iris germinaca L. And Iris pallida Lam. From Morocco. A method of direct quantification of irones in rhizomes by HS-SPME / GC is presented first and compared with a classical method (solid / liquid extraction followed by quantification by GC) before studying the evolution of the irones content according to the storage time of rhizomes. The study of the chemical composition of Iris germanica resinoid is then presented. It reveals the presence in the resinoid of flavonoids, iridals, iridals esters, irones, fatty acids, steroids, alkanes and carbohydrates. The comparison of Iris germanica and Iris pallida resinoids is also presented as well as that of iris pallida resinoid obtained from rhizomes resulting from various geographic origins. This study led to the identification of four characteristics compounds of the pallida species : the 2,6,4-‘’trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, the 8-hydroxyirigenine, the 2,3-dihydroirigenine and the iriflophenone. These four compouds also allow distinguishing Iris pallida resinoids obtained from rhizomes of four geographic studied origins (Morocco, Italy,France and China). The chemical composition of others Iris germanica extracts (absolute, alcohol extract and supercritical CO2 extract) is also presented. Finally, the distillation and the quality of the butters of iris from Morocco is presented (Iris germanica and Iris pallida) and a possibility of valuation of the distillation by-products is proposed. In this way, we contribute to a better knowledge of rhizomes, essential oil and extracts of vaious iris cultivated in Morocco
Dramane, Karim L. "Etude pharmacologique des extraits totaux et purifiés de quelques plantes de la pharmacopée traditionnelle béninoise et nigériane." Bordeaux 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR30203.
Full textCasadebaig, Jacqueline. "Réalisation d'extraits secs nébulisés : optimisation de formes galéniques d'origine végétale à activité diurétique." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON13517.
Full textBassani-Linck, Valquiria. "Valorisation de formes galéniques végétales : désalcoolisation et concentration de solutions extractives sur membrane d'osmose inverse." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON13514.
Full textDiaz, de Torres Lorena. "Extraits végétaux et protéines issus de plantes de la famille des légumineuses à applications potentielles dans le traitement de l'acné et du vieillissement cutanée." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13507.
Full textIn order to obtain new dermo-cosmetic and therapeutic agents from traditional medicinal plants, highlighting new sources of active substances at the skin level, treatment of the acne, oxidative stress and cell regeneration, five Venezuelan leguminous have been selected. Three types of extracts: aqueous, ethanolic and protein derived from the aqueous extract have been studied. The cytoprotective effect, the ability of the stimulation of cell growth and antioxidant efficiency were analyzed in dermal fibroblasts 3T3 cells. Our results showed that Machaerium floribundum extracts had a very high antioxidant activity at low concentrations. This antioxidant activity is linked to the presence of condensed tannins (polymers of anthocyanins). Also a good antibacterial activity was found using Machaerium ethanolic extracts against bacteria involved in the acne process: Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus offering an alternative for acne treatment
Benoît-Vical, Françoise. "Evaluation de l'activité antimalarique in vitro de divers extraits végétaux bruts et purifiés sur Plasmodium falsiparum." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13511.
Full textClain, Marie Élodie. "Valorisation des éco-extraits de plantes médicinales réunionnaises dans la lutte contre les maladies virales émergentes de l'océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0033/document.
Full textEmerging and re-emerging vector-borne viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya or zika are responsible for many severe epidemics worldwide. Recently, the rapid spread of zika virus (ZIKV) worldwide and the serious neurological complications associated with ZIKV infection have prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a public health emergency. Today, preventive or curative measures against ZIKV infection are almost non-existing. On the other hand, the endemic flora of Reunion Island is known as a rich, renewable and promising source of natural anti-infective products. The registration of 19 medicinal plants from Reunion Island in the French pharmacopoeia highlights the therapeutic potential of natural substances derived from local biodiversity. The work was dedicated to the identification of natural anti-ZIKV substances from a selection of seven medicinal plants from La Reunion registered in the French pharmacopoeia. In a first step, in collaboration with a local start-up (Bourbon Extracts), a solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction was applied to the seven selected plants in order to obtain eco-extracts. In a second step, the screening for antiviral activity, using a ZIKV molecular clone with a reporter gene, allowed the identification of two candidate plants: Aphloia theiformis and Psiloxylon mauritianum. After verifying the absence of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the active extracts, the antiviral activity was also demonstrated on other types of extracts using traditional extraction methods (infusion, decoction and maceration). The antiviral activity has been validated on different strains of ZIKV (historical and epidemic) as well as on the four serotypes of the dengue virus. Finally, the mode of action of the two active extracts has been studied. It has been shown that the eco-extracts from A. theiformis and P. mauritianum target the early steps of the viral cycle by inhibiting the attachment of the virus to the host cell. Using electron microscopy, it has been shown that the eco-extract of A. theiformis deforms the viral particle preventing its attachment to the membrane of the host cell. These results demonstrate the importance of medicinal plants from Reunion Island as a source of natural anti-infectious substances
Hannewald, Paul. "Etude de l'interaction médicament/récepteur par spectrométrie de masse : mise en place et validation de nouveaux protocoles de criblage moléculaire." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ042S/document.
Full textDiscovering new drugs by biomolecular screening is a central task of pharmaceutical research. Mass spectrometry, as a reliable, reproducible, sensitive and specific technique, compatible with a wide range of samples and offering an excellent throughput, shows its potential in different strategies of research and development. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new strategy, involving matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to screen the ability of different compounds, including plant extracts, to bind to two biological targets (tubulin and DHFR). The protocol is therefore divided into three main steps : an incubation of the compounds to be tested with target, an elimination of all unbound compounds and the MALDI-TOFMS detection of target-bound compounds. Our protocol was validated and the results that can be obtained were discussed. The throughput offered by this technique was evaluated as 60 samples in 1h50 to 3h30, or 18 to 32 samples per hour. Finally, we developed a new approach to perform a secondary screening of active compounds. The protocol was applied to screen crude plants extracts (colchicum autumnale, catharanthus roseus and green tea) and allowed to find 20 tubulin-binding or DHFR-binding molecules, and the relative affinity of one of these was also evaluated
Menan, Eby Ignace Hervé. "Evaluation de l'activité antipaludique de 21 plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle ivoirienne : fractionnement biodirigé des extraits les plus actifs." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13510.
Full textAndreu, Vanessa. "Valorisation de plantes invasives et rudérales : développement de biofongicides utilisables en phytoprotection." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS004.
Full textWith the awareness of the environmental and sanitary impact of pesticides and emergence of resistance phenomena, the European regulation requirements (EU 1107/2009) supervising their marketing authorization are more and more drastic. To meet these requirements, new phytoprotection products are emerging: biopesticides also called biocontrol products. They are natural product of plant, animal or microbial origins, likely to be less persistent and more environmentally friendly than conventional pesticides.It is against this background that my thesis work aimed to develop some biopesticides from plant origin, for protection against phytopathogenic fungi for which there are no or few natural product.In this work, I selected, by ecological, economical and biological screening, two plant extracts, effective against biological targets and far less toxic against non-target organism than tested conventional pesticides.Active molecules were identified by bioguided fractionation and spectral analysis. Extracts activities have been evaluated in field test against vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and Moniliose infection (Monilinia fructigena)
Moura, Tulio-Flavio. "Relations interfaciales, entre molécules actives végétales et substances auxiliaires, induites par la nébulisation : application aux extraits de Ruscus aculeatus L. et Malpighia glabra L." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13520.
Full textAndreu, Vanessa. "Valorisation de plantes invasives et rudérales : développement de biofongicides utilisables en phytoprotection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS004.
Full textWith the awareness of the environmental and sanitary impact of pesticides and emergence of resistance phenomena, the European regulation requirements (EU 1107/2009) supervising their marketing authorization are more and more drastic. To meet these requirements, new phytoprotection products are emerging: biopesticides also called biocontrol products. They are natural product of plant, animal or microbial origins, likely to be less persistent and more environmentally friendly than conventional pesticides.It is against this background that my thesis work aimed to develop some biopesticides from plant origin, for protection against phytopathogenic fungi for which there are no or few natural product.In this work, I selected, by ecological, economical and biological screening, two plant extracts, effective against biological targets and far less toxic against non-target organism than tested conventional pesticides.Active molecules were identified by bioguided fractionation and spectral analysis. Extracts activities have been evaluated in field test against vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and Moniliose infection (Monilinia fructigena)
Benouaret, Razik. "Activité de stimulation des défenses naturelles induites par des extraits de marc de raisin." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22549.
Full textIn order to reduce chemical inputs, the use of natural phytosanitary products stimulating plant immunity are emerging approaches in phytoprotection. These elicitor compounds known as "Plant Defense Inducers" (PDI) activate the plant defense system and improve their resistance to pests attack. PDI are single molecule or mixture of compounds extracted from plant. In my thesis, we demonstrated the PDI activity of different grape marc extracts. The winery byproducts, red grape marc extract, white grape marc extract and grape seed extract all induced various defense reactions in several plant models. We focused our study on the red grape marc extract (GME) which stimulates the immunity system in tobacco plants. When infiltrated into tobacco leaves, GME induced HR-like response characterized by the appearance of chlorotic lesions and accumulation of autofluorescent compounds in infiltrated tissues. Similar local defense reactions have been observed in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato. GME also triggered LAR and SAR responses and induced defense gene transcript accumulation in tobacco leaves after infiltration or spraying. The GME mode of action was studied using the suspension-cultured cells of tobacco BY-2. GME induced rapid alkalinization of extracellular medium with calcium mobilization, expression of defense genes and cell death. A pharmacological approach of this defensive phenomenon suggests the establishment of programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco cells. The characterization of the signaling pathway activated by GME was studied using tobacco nahG mutant unable to accumulate salicylic acid (SA). Defense responses (HR, LAR and SAR) induced by GME were impaired in the nahG mutant. GME drastically reduced HR-like response symptoms and PR transcript accumulation. These data suggest the implication of SA in the GME-induced plant defense reactions. The GME-induced protection was evaluated in the model pathosystem of compatible interaction between Nicotiana tabacum and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn). GME could reduce by 45% the infected areas induced by the oomycete on tobacco leaves. This level of protection was the result of the combined antimicrobial and PDI actions of GME. GME had no protecting effect against Ppn on NahG leaves evidencing the involvement of SA in the GME-induced resistance. GME fractionation led to identification of a bioactive molecule mixture capable of inducing the PDI activity. The active compounds are polyphenolics and involve procyanidin B2 which is by itself able to induce the HR-like response and PR1 transcript accumulation. This compound should act in combination with other polyphenolic molecules to stimulate the full plant defense reactions
Ngouana, Kammalac Thierry. "Diversité génétique d'isolats de Cryptococcus et Candida issus des patients VIH positifs à Yaoundé et étude de leur sensibilité aux antifongiques et aux extraits de plantes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13512/document.
Full textCryptococcus neoformans and Candida species are the main causative agents of yeast opportunistic infections among HIV infected persons. However, information on molecular their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility are scarce in Cameroon. The main objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity and the antifungal susceptibility against antifungal drugs and plant extracts of C. neoformans and Candida isolates from Yaoundé HIV patients. C. neoformans (25) and Candida (317 among which 113 C. albicans) Isolates were obtained, from 171 and 402 HIV patients at the Yaoundé Central Hospital respectively. They were identified by phenotypic and biochemical characters, by mass spectrometry and quantitative PCR. The genetic diversity of 150 C. neoformans isolates (25 initial isolates and 125 colonies) was carried out by serotyping, microsatellite length polymorphism and PCR-RFLP. The genetic diversity of the 113 C. albicans isolates was performed by genotyping and microsatellite length polymorphism. The identification of C. albicans complex species was achieved by PCR amplification of the Hwp1 gene. The antifungal susceptibility testing of C. neoformans against posaconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine was carried out by the broth microdilution test using the « Sensititre YeastOne® » kit. The CLSI M27-A3 protocol was used for the determination of the C. albicans isolate's susceptibility against amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole which are frequently used in Cameroon. The antifungal activity of extracts from Terminalia mantaly, Terminalia catappa and Monodora tenuifolia was performed by a preliminary screening with the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts. Selected extracts were therefore submitted to the bio-guided fractionation. Selected subfractions were submitted to combination assays. C. neoformans var grubii was the lonely Cryptococcus species isolated in cerebrospinal fluids. Fifteen Candida species were isolates from mucosae with C. albicans remaining the most frequent. C. africana has been isolated for the first time in Cameroon. C. neoformans and C. albicans provided 14 and 65 major molecular types respectively. It was also found that a patient can be infected by 2 different molecular types of C. neoformans. C. albicans genotype A was the most frequent. The PCR amplification of the Hwp1 gene allowed the identification of a novel molecular profile among the C. albicans complex and named H (H1-H6). C. neoformans isolates were susceptible to the tested drugs. However, one isolate exhibited reduced susceptibility to fluconazole and one another to 5-fluorocytosine. C. albicans isolates expressed various susceptibility profiles similar to what described in the literature. Furthermore, there was a relationship between the H-typing and the antifungal susceptibility of C. albicans isolates against itraconazole (p-value<0.05). T. mantaly, T. catappa and M. tenuifolia extracts exhibited antifungal activity against tested yeasts. Bioguided fractionation allowed improves of the antifungal activity from crude extracts to subfractions. Synergism was observed, and the most active combination from T. mantaly and M. tenuifolia was also fungicidal on tested yeasts. Conclusively, the present work brings new tools for the comprehension and the better management of C. neoformans and Candida infections among Yaoundé HIV positive patients. The antifungal resistance emergence of yeasts isolates could be compensated by the development of a new antifungal medicine from subfractions combinations of T. mantaly and M. tenuifolia
Betina-Bencharif, Soumeya. "Isolement et caractérisation de saponosides extraits de deux plantes médicinales : Cyclamen africanum, Zygophyllum cornutum et évalution de leur activité anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOPE03/document.
Full textThe appearance of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure and spread of infections mutagenic virus type can be linked to the quality and lifestyle that we lead today. Indeed, several studies on the factors triggering these so-called "morbid" long-or short-term illnesses are related to stress and quality of food consumed, whether of plant and animal origin. These diseases are becoming a common occurrence, they affect different races and all classes of society. According ethnobotanical research, naturally occurring substances, allowed civilizations to survive deadly diseases. For example, we thus find references to periods of malarial fever in China and one of the symptoms of this disease in the "Huangdi Neijiang" The Canon of Medicine dating from around the first century BC, more than 2000 years, which relates to the use of herbal medicines to relieve fevers (Desgrouas et al., 2014).Around 186 BC appears, in some parts of China, the use in herbal tea, Qing hao su, later known as artemisinin in the West and extracted from a medicinal plant used as antipyretic called "Qing hao" Artemisia annua or annual wormwood. Artemisinin blocks an enzyme which enables the parasite to pump calcium and prevents it from developing. As of today the Artemisinin-based combination therapy in French Combination therapy of artemisinin and ACT acronym, is a therapy and tertiary prevention in cases of uncomplicated malaria.From this perspective our study adds to a long series of studies on medicinal plants and natural substances extracted. It aims to reveal new biomolecules, highlighting their biological activities through techniques of biotechnology on the one hand. Moreover, these investigations will develop natural resources that are characterized by endemic.To do this, our choice is focused on two endemic medicinal plants in Algeria Cyclamen africanum Boiss. & Reuter and Zygophyllum cornutum Coss. After an ethnobotanical research on traditional medicine in Northern Africa, which showed the effectiveness of these plants in minimal inflammatory problems among Aboriginal, we undertook biochemical pharmacological investigations.The latter allowed us to isolate, five compounds from the methanol extract of the roots of the species Cyclamen africanum Boiss. Reuter & two new oleanane triterpene saponins type, Afrocyclamin A and B (1, 2) and three triterpenoid saponins known lysikokianoside of (3), deglucocyclamin I (4) and its derivative dicrotalique acid (5) September and known from the methanol extract saponins from the whole plant of Zygophyllum cornutum Coss. these saponins are ursane type, type triterpenes are reported in this species for the first time and can be considered a chemotherapy marker Taxonomic (chemotype) of Zygophyllum kind. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the analysis of NMR spectra of the experience-1D and 2D-NMR (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) and mass spectrometry method negative ion FAB source. The biological activities of saponosidiques FR.1 and Fr.2 fractions were tested on lines of male and female rats of the Winstar rats to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. The saponosidique fraction FR.1 Cyclamen africanum the 5 mg dose, showed a significant effect on inflammation caused by carrageenan, reducing edema and immune response, which resulted in the concentration of protein the inflammatory response (PRI) through their action on the pro-inflammatory mediators (COX-2, PGE2, TNF -α, iNOS). The fraction of Fr.2 saponosidique Zygophyllum dose 20 mg did not show a significant effect on inflammation in general
Klarzynski, Olivier. "Etude de l'induction des reponses de defense et de la resistance des plantes aux agents pathogenes par des oligosaccharides extraits d'algues marines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13066.
Full textAndriamisaina, Andriamasinoro Nampoina. "Purification et caractérisation des métabolites secondaires extraits de plantes de la famille des Asparagaceae et Caprifoliaceae, et évaluation de leurs activités biologiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE014/document.
Full textThis thesis was carried out in the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, in health department of the University of Burgundy. The principal theme of this Laboratory is the research of natural compounds from tropical biodiversity, mainly saponins. These molecules are known for their various pharmacological activities. The study of 3 species belonging to 2 different families: Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker, Ornithogalum dubium Houtt (Asparagaceae) and Weigela × « kosteriana variegata » (Caprifoliaceae), led to the isolation and characterization of 16 natural glycosides by column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and vacuum liquid chromatography. The spectral analysis was achieved using mainly 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Among them, 4 were phenolic glucosides, 8 were steroidic saponins with 6 new structures and 4 were triterpenic saponins with one new structure. The cytotoxic activities of 5 isolated steroidic saponins were evaluated on 2 strains cancer cells (A549 and HL 60). The results showed a low sensitivity of these two cell lines to these saponins. The toxic and teratogenic effects of 3 triterpenic saponins were also determined in by using an in vivo zebrafish assay. The results showed a lethal effect at low concentrations of these 3 saponins. Structure / activity relationships have been proposed
Chavanelle, Vivien. "Effets de deux modalités d'entraînement et d'une complémentation à base d'extraits végétaux sur le développement du diabète de type 2 : Physiologie." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS021.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) represents one of the main challenges for the 21 st century. In 2015, 415 million people in the world were diabetic and 318 million more showed signs of prediabetes, a condition defined by a high risk of developing T2D, though still reversible. Lifestyle recommendations (physical activity and diet) form the first line of intervention for T2D prevention. The objective of this thesis was to measure the effects of two lifestyle-based therapeutic strategies on T2D development. Study 1 aimed at comparing the effects of two chronic exercise modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training vs. high-intensity interval training) on the progression of T2D of young db/db mice. Study 2 was focused on assessing the effects of a blend of 5 plants (patented formula Totum-63) on the development of T2D of two murine models of prediabetes: young db/db mice and high-fat diet induced insulin resistance mice. In study 1, high-intensity interval training improved glycaemic control maybe through enhanced muscular Glut4 content despite no adaptation of mitochondrial function. In study 2, Totum-63 supplementation improved glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in both models of prediabetes. Several mechanisms in tissues involved in T2D physiopathology were unveiled, suggesting a pleiotropic action of Totum-63. In conclusion, this work supports the interest of these two lifestyle- based interventions for preventing T2D development. Future prospects include the study of the combined action of chronic exercise and Totum-63
Ferraris, Emmanuel. "Élicitation de phytoalexines N-benzoylanthraniliques dans des suspensions cellulaires d'oeillet (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ) traitées par des extraits pariétaux du champignon parasite Phytophthora parasitica Dastur." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112334.
Full textEl, Khoury Rachelle. "La lutte biologique contre l'ochratoxine A : utilisation des extraits de plantes médicinales ainsi que des souches d'actinobactéries et mise en évidence de leur mode d'action." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18073/1/El_Khoury_Rachelle.pdf.
Full textOliveira, Junior Raimundo Gonçalves de. "Sensibilisation de cellules de mélanome à la chimiothérapie par des flavonoïdes et caroténoïdes extraits de plantes du Brésil, de Nouvelle-Calédonie et de microalgues marines." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS007.
Full textMetastatic melanoma is an aggressive form of cancer that progresses rapidly due to resistance to anti-cancer drugs. This thesis studies the hypothesis that molecules purified from plants or marine microalgae can improve the efficacy of anti-melanoma drugs by sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy. After a review of studies devoted to chemosensitization by natural molecules, we selected plants from Brazil and New Caledonia (Bixa orellana and Gardenia oudiepe) as well as marine microalgae (Rhodomonas salina and Tisochrysis lutea) to purify original flavonoids and carotenoids and evaluate their chemosensitization potential in a melanoma cell model treated with dacarbazine and vemurafenib. Our work on B. orellana seeds allowed us to detail their phytochemical composition, to identify two novel apocarotenoids and to demonstrate the chemosensitizing potential of Z-bixin by ROS generation. We also show that 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4'-trimethoxyflavone, purified from G. oudiepe, sensitizes melanoma cells to dacarbazine by inducing cytoskeleton disruption. After redefining the pigment profile of R. salina and T. lutea, we developed a process for the purification of fucoxanthin by CPC and demonstrated its chemosensitizing potential as well as that of alloxanthin. These results validate in vitro the concept of sensitization to chemotherapy by cytostatic carotenoids and flavonoids and contribute to the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this chemosensitization
Afoulous, Samia. "Valorisation des plantes médicinales d’origines africaines, évaluation et identification des molécules à activités biologiques (antioxydante, anticancéreuse et antimalariale, …)." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30325.
Full textCette thèse, avec financement CIFRE, a été réalisée au sein du laboratoire des IMRCP (UMR 5623) de l’Université Paul Sabatier (Université de Toulouse) en collaboration avec la Société Nat’Ex Biotech. Les travaux de cette thèse ont été focalisés sur l’étude phytochimique et criblage biologique de métabolites secondaires pour la recherche de nouvelle(s) molécule(s) bioactive(s). Dans ce cadre, deux plantes médicinales de la flore malgache ont été ciblées, Helichrysum gymnocephalum (Astéracées) et Cedrelopsis grevei (Ptaeroxylacées). En premier lieu, l’étude a porté sur l’identification des composés des deux huiles essentielles de ces plantes par GC-FID et GC-MS. Ensuite, les activités biologiques in vitro (activité antioxydante, activité péroxydation lipidique, activité antiinflammatoire (5-lipoxygénase), activité antipaludique (P. Falciparum, souche Columbia/FcB1), activité cytotoxique (sur cellules MCF-7), activité anti-Alzheimer (acétylcholinestérase) et activité antidiabétique (-amylase)) ont été étudiées pour les deux huiles essentielles. En deuxième lieu, une extraction successive, des solvants de polarité croissante, a été réalisée sur les deux plantes. La quantification chimique a été réalisée pour les composés phénoliques, les flavonoïdes, les tanins et les anthocyanes. De même, un criblage des activités biologiques a été fait notamment pour les activités antioxydante, péroxydation lipidique, anti-inflammatoire (5-lipoxygénase), antimycobactérienne (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv), cytotoxique (sur cellules MCF-7 et HTC 116), anti-Alzheimer (acétylcholinestérase) et antidiabétique (-amylase). Les extraits dichlorométhane et méthanol d’H. Gymnocephalum ont révélé une importante activité inhibitrice de la 5-lipoxygénase (CI50< 10 mg/L). La troisième partie a porté sur l’étude bio-guidée de l’extrait au dichlorométhane de d’H. Gymnocephalum pour l’activité inhibitrice de la 5-lipoxygénase. Un nouveau composé, appartenant à la famille des flavonoïdes, a été isolé et identifié pour sa structure chimique par UV, RMN 2D et spectrométrie de masse. Cette nouvelle substance bioactive a une activité inhibitrice de cette enzyme de l’ordre de CI50=0,51 mg/L, inférieure à celle de la molécule inhibitrice de référence, l’acide nordihydroguaiaretique (IC50=1,61 mg/L)
Modeste, Fabrice. "Couplage en ligne de la chromatographie en phase liquide avec la chromatographie en phase gazeuse : application à la détermination de traces d'insecticides pyréthrinoïdes dans des extraits végétaux." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066824.
Full textGuerrini, Pascal. "Formulations phytosanitaires destinées à la protection des tissus lignocellulosiques : mise au point des formulations et perspectives de substitution ou de complément des matières actives de synthèse par des extraits végétaux à activité biologique." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT032G.
Full textMarimoutou, Méry. "Étude de l'impact des extraits de trois plantes médicinales riches en polyphénols antioxydants sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire des cellules adipeuses dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0031.
Full textDuring obesity, excess fat mass is accumulated in adipose tissue, more precisely in adipocytes, which the precursor cells are preadipocytes. Adipose tissue is the place of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Plants rich in polyphenol, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, are high of interest to fight against obesity. In La Réunion, medicinal plants are commonly used for these properties but few literature data exist. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from medicinal plants of La Réunion, such as Antirhea borbonica (Bois d’Osto), Doratoxylon apetalum (Bois de gaulette), Gouania mauritiana (Liane Montbrun), on the metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity. Our results have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in presence of three mediators of inflammation. Plant extracts are able to potentiate fat accumulation induced by insulin reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during oxidative stress. These results were confirmed by a study on animal model. The plant extract from D. apetalum improved storage fat, antioxidant status and inflammatory profile of adipose tissue of obese mice. This work lead to evaluated the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extract from three medicinal plants on metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity
Hamraoui, Abdelaziz. "Adaptation d'Acanthoscelides obtectus say (coléoptère-bruchidae) bruche du haricot (phaseolus vulgaris L. ) à des légumineuses originellement non hôtes et protection végétale induite par des plantes et extraits aromatiques et leurs dérivés allèlochimiques." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3013.
Full textMaaroufi, Zeineb. "Valorisation des extraits de quelques plantes aromatiques et médicinales de Tunisie en tant que nouvelles substances antileishmaniennes In vitro antileishmanial potentialities of essential oils from Citrus limon and Pistacia lentiscus harvested in Tunisia." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ012.
Full textThe valorization of bioactive molecules extracted from medicinal plants is a promising strategy in the search of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of leishmaniasis while overcoming problems of toxicity and resistance caused by conventional treatments.Three plant species were chosen namely Artemisia herba-alba, Citrus limon and Pistacia lentiscus and were each harvested from two different regions of Tunisia. Bioactive molecules were extracted to obtain an essential oil as well as aqueous and organic extracts. The in vitro antileishmanial activity of all these extracts was evaluated on two forms of Leishmania major parasite: axenic and intramacrophagic amastigotes. Extracts and essential oils showed significant antileishmanial potential. The activity depended both on the extract nature (extraction technique and / or the plant harvesting region) and on the form of the parasite (axenic or intramacrophage). For a matter of originality, Citrus limon acetone extract (Cext) was selected and encapsulated in a nanoemulsion (NE) stabilized by β-lactoglobulin (β-lg). This NE was composed of 80 % of aqueous phase (β-lg solution at 1.2 wt%) and 20 % oily phase (sesame oil (SO) or Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT)). Cext encapsulation at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt% allowed to select the most active system toward intramacrophage amastigotes, the least toxic toward host cells and which did not interfere with NEs stability over time. Thus, MCT-based NE containing 0.1 % extract (Cext NE MCT) showed minimal cytotoxicity (Selectivity Index = 21.4 ± 6.1). Furthermore, despite its toxicity, SO-based NE (Cext NE SO) was also selected for the healing properties already described for SO. Finally, the antileishmanial efficacy evaluation in vivo was carried out by topical application of NEs containing or not the extract on cuteanous leishmaniasis lesions due to L. major in BALB/c mice. Results showed that the antileishmanial activity of the formulations depended significantly on the oil type. Cext NE MCT demonstrated the best efficacy revealed by a significant decrease in parasite load, stabilization of the lesion size, as well as a decrease in the skin inflammation. Results of treatment with NE MCT without extract showed that the chosen formulation contributes to antileishmanial efficacy through a synergistic effect. In addition, the extract encapsulation allowed to overcome toxicity observed with topical application of Cext MCT. On the other hand, the application of Cext NE SO produced neurological toxicity and no antiparasitic efficacy was noticed. However, Cext SO administered topically showed high treatment efficacy, by reducing the lesions size and the skin parasite load. Histological analysis of infected skin also showed wound healing. The antiparasitic efficacy of this formulation could be explained by penetration enhancement of the extract through the skin due to the presence in sesame oil of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acids. This study revealed the potential of lipid formulations potential as a local treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions
Aydi, Abdelkarim. "Valorisation de quelques plantes médecinales [i.e. médicinales] issues de la flore tunisienne : extraction par CO2 supercritique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0386.
Full textThe supercritical fluid extraction, using carbon dioxide, has several advantages over conventional methods of extraction such as the gain of time, selectivity and absence of extracted substances degradation. In this context, the extraction of myrtle flowers and Pistacia were studied by determining their optimal conditions for a good performance. This study showed for both plants high efficiency when working at high pressures in the order of 200 bars, at a low temperature of 40 ° C and for small particle sizes of the order of 220μm. The myrtle extract showed a better antioxidant activity than the essential oil of the same plant with an IC50 of about 30 μg / ml. The optimization of antioxidant extracts from Pistacia supercritical using CO2 showed different results from those for performance and we have good antioxidant activity for pressures of about 80 bars. At 84 bars, the study showed that we can have an extract with a better price-quality ratio for industrial supercritical installations of large sizes. The addition of extracts and essential oils to food products was enriching and has given an added value which can represent an innovation in the food industry. Finally, the experimental results for the extraction with supercritical CO2 of Pistacia extract were modeled through Sovova model (1994) for its reliability and the obtained numerical results agree with previous studies in the literature
Moreira, Kíria Karolline Gomes. "Aditivos fitogênicos na terminação de tourinhos nelore confinados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8773.
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Phytogenic additives with action similar to ionophores can be used as alternatives to synthetic additives. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of phytogenic antimicrobial additives on performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and ruminal metabolic profile of Nellore bulls feedlot. In the first experiment, 114 Nellore steers (335.48 ± 25.70 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments: monensin; S. Adstrigens extract; essential oils blend; functional oils cashew, castor and copaiba on the growth performance and carcass. The diet consisted of 19.49% sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% concentrate (DM basis). DMI of animals receiving monensin (104 days feedlot) was 16.2% lower than the animals that consumed dry extract and 8.6% lower than the animals that received functional oils (P <0.001). Animals that consumed dry extract of S. adstrigens showed higher consumption of NDF (P <0.001). FBW (μ = 485.60 kg) and ADG (μ = 1.42 kg/d) were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). FE was better (P <0.05) for MON (0.184 kg/kg) than BBT and MOE. There was no difference (P>0.05) for carcass characteristics. The use of phytogenic additives in feed of confined cattle did not influence the carcass characteristics, but the use of monensin still provides better performance results. In the second experiment, was to evaluate the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients of a finishing diet with phytogenic additives. Five fistulated steers (initial BW = 275.40 ± 15.53 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design. Treatments were: no additive; monensin 30 mg/kg DM; extract of S. adstrigens 1.500 mg/kg DM; mixture of essential oils 118 mg/kg DM; mixture of functional oils from cashew, castor, and copaiba 250 mg/kg DM. The diet consisted on DM basis of 19.49% of sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% of concentrate with corn, soybean meal, urea and minerals. There were no effects (P>0.05) on nutrients intake, apparent digestibility concentration of VF, acetate:propionate ratio and concentration of NH3-N. Steers fed mixture of functional oils showed higher ruminal pH (6,75) than BBT (6,54; P <0.05). Phytogenic additives have the potential to replace synthetic antibiotics without penalizing the productive system of beef cattle.
Aditivos fitogênicos com ação semelhante aos ionóforos podem ser utilizados como alternativas, a fim de abranger mercados que tenham restrições quanto ao uso de aditivos sintéticos. Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de aditivos antimicrobianos fitogênicos sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e perfil metabólico ruminal de tourinhos Nelore confinados. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se o desempenho animal e as características de carcaça de 114 tourinhos Nelore com peso corporal inicial de 335,48±25,70 kg. Os tratamentos foram: MON - monensina 30 mg/kg MS; BBT - extrato de Barbatimão (S. adstrigens) 1.500 mg/kg de MS; MOE – mistura de óleos essenciais de (cinamaldeído, eugenol, oleoresina de pimenta e carvacrol) - 118 mg/kg de MS; e, MOF – mistura de óleos funcionais de caju, mamona e copaíba 250 mg/kg de MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo que os blocos foram definidos pelo PI dos animais e as baias foram consideradas como repetições. A dieta consistia em 19,49% de bagaço de cana in natura e 80,51% de concentrado na MS. O consumo de matéria seca dos animais que receberam MON durante os 104 dias de confinamento foi 16,2% menor que os animais que consumiram BBT e 8,6% menor que os animais que receberam MOF (P < 0,001). Animais que consumiram BBT apresentaram maior consumo de FDN (P < 0,001). PF (μ= 485,60 kg) e GMD (μ= 1,42 kg/d) não foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P > 0,05). A EA foi melhor (P < 0,05) para MON (0,184 kg/kg) quando comparada a BBT e MOE. Não houve diferença (P > 0,05) para as características de carcaça. O uso de aditivos fitogênicos na ração de bovinos confinados não influenciou as características de carcaça, porém a utilização da monensina sódica ainda proporciona melhores resultados de desempenho. No segundo experiemento, avaliou-se as características da fermentação ruminal e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de bovinos Nelore. Cinco bovinos castrados fistulados no rúmen (275,40 ± 15,53 kg) foram usados em delineamento Quadrado Latino 5 × 5. Os tratamentos foram: controle - sem aditivo; monensina sódica 30 mg/kg MS; extrato de Barbatimão (S. adstrigens) 1.500 mg/kg de MS; mistura de óleos essenciais de (cinamaldeído, eugenol, oleoresina de pimenta e carvacrol) - 118 mg/kg de MS; mistura de óleos funcionais de caju, mamona e copaíba 250 mg/kg de MS. A dieta continha na MS 19,49% de bagaço de cana e 80,51% de concentrado com milho, farelo de soja, ureia e minerais. Não houve efeito (P > 0,05) dos aditivos sobre o consumo, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, concentração de AGCC, relação acetato:propionato e concentração de N-NH3. Novilhos alimentados com MOF apresentaram pH ruminal mais elevado (6,75) do que novilhos recebendo BBT (6,54; P < 0,05). Aditivos fitogênicos possuem potencial para substituir antibióticos sintéticos sem prejudicar o sistema produtivo de bovinos de corte.
Haguet, Quentin. "Étude de bioactivité, de bioconversion et d’absorption par cellules CACO-2 d’un principe actif d’origine végétale pour la prévention du diabète de type 2." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS021.
Full textA growing proportion of the population has metabolic disturbances, grouped under the metabolic syndrome. These disturbances lead to pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, which corresponds to a deficiency in blood sugar regulation due to a lack of efficiency and insulin production. In this context, a mixture of plant extracts was designed. It improved in vitro and in vivo the metabolic parameters related to type 2 diabetes and its preliminary state, pre-diabetes. We have demonstrated that this product has inhibitory activities on sugars and lipids digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase). The strongest inhibition was observed on an α-glucosidase, with a mixed mechanism of inhibition, combined with a very high affinity (higher than the commercial product). In vivo, the plant extract mix also expressed the characteristics of an anti-diabetic in two mouse models. In genetically diabetic mice (db/db), we observed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin levels and body fat gain. In black6 (wild type) mice on a deleterious high-fat diet, the active ingredient reduced the rise in blood glucose levels after an oral tolerance test with maltose or sucrose. In addition, an in vitro absorption study on an intestinal model (CACO-2 cells) indicated that some molecules of the active ingredient could be absorbed by the body to act on internal targets. A set of bioconversions was then performed on our product by multiple strains of microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria and filamentous bacteria and fungi). Some of the bioconversion products have been characterized and tested on the same targets as those tested previously with the plant extract mixture, but the latter has always demonstrated superior or identical bioactivity
Leite, Rafael Gervasoni Ferreira. "Ação de extratos botânicos no controle da formiga cortadeira Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hym: Formicidae)." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2015. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1011.
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The control of leafcutter ants is constant in agroecosystems, in which, among the different methods adopted, the chemical one (toxic baits) is the most used. Substances that are extracted from plants, as insecticides, have many advantages when compared to the use of synthetic products. This project’s objective was to evaluate the insecticidal and/or fungicidal potential of the plants Asclepias curassavica, Rosmarinus officinalis and Equisetum ssp. in the control of the leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa. We made use of 40 colonies of Atta sexdensbred in a laboratory. The plants were collected, dried in a high temperature test chamber for 48 hours, grinded in a Wiley mill and macerated in ethanol 96º up to exhaustion. After being filtered, the product obtained was evaporated under reduced pressure for the production of ethanolic extracts. We conducted reagent acceptance tests, topical application of ethanolic extracts at 4% on the back of the ants and topical application of baits made with plant extracts at 4%. All of the plant extracts adopted affected the de development of the fungi garden negatively. Asclepias-curassavica-based baits provoked the mortality of 22.5% of the colonies in a 7-day period.
O controle de formigas cortadeiras é constante nos agroecossistemas sendo empregados diferentes métodos, onde o químico (iscas tóxicas) é o mais utilizado. Substâncias extraídas de plantas, na qualidade de inseticidas, têm inúmeras vantagens quando comparado ao emprego dos sintéticos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial inseticida e/ou fungicida das plantas Asclepias curassavica (falsa-erva-de-rato), Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) e Equisetum ssp. (cavalinha) no controle de formigas cortadeiras Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Foram utilizadas 40 colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa mantidas em laboratório. As plantas foram colhidas, secas em estufa de ar circulante durante 48 horas, trituradas em moinho tipo Willye e maceradas em etanol 96º até exaustão. Após a filtragem, o produto obtido foi evaporado sob pressão reduzida para obtenção dos extratos etanólicos. Foram realizados teste de aceitação do reagente, aplicação tópica dos extratos etanólicos dos vegetais a 4% no dorso das formigas e aplicação de iscas confeccionadas com extratos vegetais a 4%. Todos os extratos vegetais utilizados influenciaram negativamente o desenvolvimento do jardim de fungo. Iscas produzidas a base de Asclepias curassavica provocaram mortalidade de 22,5% das colônias num período de 7 dias.
Sousa, Maria José Batista de. "Avaliação do Potencial Genotóxico e Mutagênico de Extratos Padronizados de Caesalpinia ferrea (jucá) e Brosimum gaudichaudii (inharé)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3718.
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The species Brosimum gaudichaudii (family Moraceae) and Caesalpinia ferrea (family Fabaceae) are widely distributed throughout Brazil and are considered medicinal plants. The extract of Brosimum gaudichaudii bark has been indicated for the treatment of skin blemishes and vitiligo. On the other hand, the extract of Caesalpinia ferrea fruit has been used due to its therapeutic properties as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. Much of the medicinal plant extracts constituents are unknown and may be toxic to human and animal health, so it is necessary to study the qualitative phytochemical of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential of the extracts of these species. In this study, in order to evaluate the mutagenic and / or genotoxic effects, different concentrations of the extractive solutions of B. gaudichaudii and C. ferrea were evaluated in vivo in Astyanax sp and Allium cepa, and ex vivo, by the micronucleus test in T lymphocytes humans. Data were submitted to Kruskall-Wallis a non-parametric test and then to simple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. The Allium cepa test, micronucleus test for human T lymphocytes and erythrocytes of Astyanax sp did not indicate mutagenic and / or genotoxic potential of phytochemicals (p> 0.05) when compared to the non-exposed controls, except the concentration of 5 mg/L of B. gaudichaudii that showed cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the comet assay revealed genotoxic action for all concentrations evaluated for the tail length parameter of the comet. For the moment parameter of Olive's tail only the 20mg /L concentration of Caesalpinia ferrea extract was genotoxic. Therefore, apical meristematic cells from the roots of Allium cepa and human T lymphocytes did not present genotoxic and / or mutagenic changes induced by exposure to both plant extracts detectable by micronuclei tests or mitotic index reduction. Genotoxic effect was evidenced by the tail length and tail moment parameter of Olive in the Comet Assay only for C. ferrea extract in the erythrocytes of Astyanax sp. In order to understand the genotoxic and mutagenic activities of B. gaudichaudii and C. ferrea it is important to increase the number of studies to establish safer doses for human consumption.
As espécies Brosimum gaudichaudii (família Moraceae) e Caesalpinia ferrea da família Fabaceae são amplamente distribuídas pelo território brasileiro e são consideradas plantas medicinais. O extrato das cascas de Brosimum gaudichaudii tem sido indicado para tratamento de mancha de pele e vitiligo. Por outro lado, o extrato dos frutos de Caesalpinia ferrea tem sido usado devido suas propriedades terapêuticas como ação antibacteriana, antiinflamatória e analgésica. A maioria dos fitoquímicos presentes nos extratos de plantas medicinais ainda não foram completamente estudados e podem ser tóxicos para a saúde humana e animal. Nesse sentido, é necessário estudos fitoquímicos qualitativos de metabólitos secundários e avaliação do potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico dos extratos destas espécies. Nesse estudo, visando avaliar os efeitos mutagênico e/ou genotóxico, diferentes concentrações das soluções extrativas de B. gaudichaudii e C. ferrea foram avaliadas in vivo em Astyanax sp e em Allium cepa, e em ex vivo, pelo teste de micronúcleos em linfócitos T humanos. Os resultados observados das análises foram submetidos ao teste não paramétrico Kruskall-Wallis e posteriormente a regressão linear simples com nível de significância 5%. O teste em Allium cepa, teste de micronúcleo em linfócitos T humanos e em eritrócitos de Astyanax sp não indicaram potencial mutagênico e/ou genotóxico dos fitoconstituintes (p>0,05) quando comparado aos controles não expostos, exceto a concentração de 5g/L de B. gaudichaudii que apresentou citotoxicidade (p=0,038). Por outro lado, o ensaio cometa, revelou ação genotóxica para todas as concentrações avaliadas no parâmetro comprimento da cauda do cometa, para o parâmetro momento da cauda de Olive, apenas a concentração de 20mg/L do extrato de Caesalpinia ferrea mostrou-se genotóxica. Nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados evidenciou danos genéticos resultantes da exposição aos extratos das cascas do caule de B. gaudichaudii. Portanto, as células meristemáticas apicais das raízes de Allium cepa e os linfócitos T humanos não apresentaram alterações genotóxicas e/ou mutagênicas induzidas pela exposição a ambos extratos vegetais que pudesse ser detectadas pelos testes do micronúcleos ou redução do índice mitóticos. Enquanto, nos eritrócitos de Astyanax sp foi evidenciado ação genotóxica pelo parâmetro comprimento da cauda do cometa e momento de da cauda de Olive somente para o extrato de C. ferrea. Diante do exposto, há necessidade de ampliar os estudos para melhor compreensão das atividades genotóxicas e/ou mutagênicas dos extratos de B. gaudichaudii e C. ferrea visando o estabelecimento de doses mais seguras para o consumo humano.
Nehme, Hala. "Etude des réactions enzymatiques par électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2041.
Full textEnzymes catalyze all enzymatic reactions. Their deregulation can be involved in several severe diseases. The study of these reactions is important to detect anomalies, to better understand enzyme functioning and to seek modulators of their activity. This thesis presents capillary electrophoresis based enzymatic assays developed to study kinetics of various enzymes. The pre-capillary mode in which the enzymatic reaction occurs outside the capillary and the incapillary plug-plug mode of homogenous assays where the reaction is performed inside the capillary are applied. The methods developed are optimized to ensure optimum reactant mixing and a good electrophoretic separation. The kinetic and inhibition constants (Vmax, Km and IC50) of the enzymatic reaction are determined by these assays and compared to the results obtained using conventional techniques. For in-capillary assays, several mixing types (by application of an electric field, by longitudinal diffusion or transverse diffusion) of the reactant plugs are used depending on the enzymatic system studied. Finally, up to four reactants injected successively in the capillary are successfully mixed. Many assays are performed on complex matrices (cells, plant extracts). Screening of referenced and synthesized inhibitors on several human kinases: CDK1/cyclin B, CDK5/p25, DYRK1A, GSK3!, PI3K, Akt and mTOR are performed. Developed assays proved to be quantitative, simple, economic, fast and robust
Conan, Cécile. "Metabolomics investigations of seaweed extracts used as plant growth biostimulants and transcriptomic studies of their physiological effects on A. thaliana." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066760.
Full textTo further develop a sustainable agriculture, new bio-solutions include the use of biostimulants such as seaweed aqueous extracts to improve plant growth or/and alleviate the effect of biotic and abiotic stress. These commercial products aim to improve plant nutrition, in order to impact yield and quality parameters. In this domain, some modes of action have been proposed by the Goëmar-Arysta R&D center. However, the bioactive ingredients have not been identified so far, using classical methods of bioassay-guided fractionation. Therefore, their mechanisms of action remain also elusive. The aim of this thesis project was first to identify, using a strategy of metabolomic profiling of seaweed extracts, the bioactive compounds responsible for plant growth stimulation. The 1H-NMR-based profiling and LC-MS metabolomic analyses of commercial seaweed extracts were not suitable to identify candidate molecules that promote plant growth. A classical bioassay-guided fractionation achieved on a Goëmar extract provided a growth promoting purified fraction and further bioactive sub-fractions. The U-HPLC-HR-MS analyses of these sub-fractions highlighted two candidate molecules. A fractionation process used in this work should be patented in order to improve added-value of growth-promoting filtrate and valorize new by-products. In parallel, the physiological effects of these seaweed extracts were studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana through transcriptomic approaches in order to decipher patterns of gene regulation in response to a crude commercial extract and its purified fraction. The transcriptome in response to the application of seaweed extract was completely different of those obtained using its purified fraction. Genes dysregulated by this purified fraction provided potential biomarkers of plant growth that could be used. to assist the bioactive molecule isolation. Finally these two approaches combining, metabolomics-guided and bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, and global transcriptomics in Arabidopsis provided several new insights into the nature and structure of different molecules that trigger different physiological responses in plants
Coelho, Jéssica Aparecida. "Avaliação in vitro das atividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos orgânicos das cascas da do fruto jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2959.
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Currently, research related to natural products, mainly those of plant origin, has been strongly encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO), once the use of plants with proven or unproven medicinal properties are of great influence on public health. Among the high medicinal potential plants, the species Myrciaria cauliflora Berg, which belongs to the Myrtaceae family, popularly known as `Jabuticaba`, a typical Brazilian fruit, is used in popular medicine to treat angina pectoris, dysentery, inflammation and asthma. Aiming to highlight the importance of the use of plants for the treatment of various diseases, the aim of this work was to identify the bioactive compounds present in Jabuticaba peel, and to perform in vitro tests of antioxidant action, antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic effect against red blood cells. The tests were carried out with the aim of obtaining results that could prove the possible pharmacological activities of the organic extracts, for further development of formulation with the use of pharmaceutical technology. Bioprospecting studies from the Brazilian flora represent concrete possibilities in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents, as well as the improvement and the discovery of new technologies in the most diverse industrial branches, with emphasis in the health sector.
Atualmente as pesquisas relacionadas aos produtos naturais, principalmente os de origem vegetal, têm sido incentivadas fortemente pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), visto que o uso de plantas com propriedades medicinais, comprovadas ou não, são de grande influência na saúde pública. Dentre as plantas com um alto potencial medicinal, destaca-se a espécie vegetal Myrciaria cauliflora Berg, pertencente à família Myrtaceae, conhecida popularmente como jabuticaba, fruta tipicamente brasileira, utilizada na medicina popular para tratar anginas do peito, disenterias, inflamações e asma. Visando ressaltar a importância do uso de plantas para o tratamento de diversos males, o intuito desse trabalho foi realizar a identificação dos compostos bioativos presentes nas cascas da jabuticaba, além, de realizar testes in vitro de ação antioxidante, potencial antimicrobiano e efeito citotóxico frente a hemácias humanas. Os testes foram realizados com o intuito de obter resultados que comprovassem as possíveis atividades farmacológicas dos extratos orgânicos, para posterior desenvolvimento de formulação com o uso de tecnologia farmacêutica. Estudos de bioprospecção a partir da flora brasileira, representam possibilidades concretas na descoberta de novos agentes antimicrobianos, assim como o aprimoramente e descobrimento de novas tecnologias nos mais diversos ramos industriais, com ênfase no setor da saúde.
Cardoso, Natasha Queiroz. "Desenvolvimento tecnológico de extratos vegetais padronizados a partir da Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hill (Lythraceae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3042.
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Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hill (Lythraceae) popularly known as dedaleiro, didal, or mad-mangabeira pacari, is used by the Brazilian population as a febrifuge, tonic and healing. Studies have shown the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinoceptiva antiedematogenic extracts from the stem bark, ellagic acid being one of those responsible for the same. This study aimed to obtain dry extract standardized technology from the stem bark of L. pacari. The drug was tested for various quality control tests, according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5th edition, which ensured the characterization of plant drug and subsequently obtaining the liquid and dry extracts standardized. The extraction method was chosen slow percolation with 80% hydroalcoholic solution as a solvent and velocity of 7 drops per min .. The liquid extract standardized had a density of 0.986 g / mL solids content of 12.49% (w / w), pH 3.53 and an alcohol content of 44.80% (v / v). The content of ellagic acid found in liquid extract was 3.84% (m / m). The spray drying / atomization was performed by experimental design of univariate and then by planning a fractional 5-2 with 2 replicates. During the process the adjuvants were used maltodextrin and aerosil, demonstrating that the optimal conditions found maltodextrin provides greater protection and ellagic acid concentration in the extract.
Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hill (Lythraceae) é conhecida popularmente como dedaleiro, didal, mangabeira-brava ou pacari, é utilizada pela população brasileira como febrífugo, cicatrizante e tônico. Estudos comprovaram as atividades antioxidante, antiinflamatória, antinoceptiva e antiedematogênica dos extratos provenientes das cascas do caule, sendo o ácido elágico um dos responsáveis pelas mesmas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção tecnológica de extrato seco padronizado a partir da casca do caule de L. pacari. A droga vegetal foi testada por diversos ensaios de controle de qualidade, de acordo com a Farmacopéia Brasileira 5ª edição, que garantiram a caracterização da droga vegetal e posteriormente a obtenção dos extratos líquidos e secos padronizados. O método de extração escolhido foi a percolação lenta com solução hidroalcóolica 80% como solvente e velocidade de 7 gotas por min.. O extrato líquido padronizado apresentou densidade de 0,986 g/mL, teor de sólidos de 12,49 % (m/m), pH 3,53 e teor alcoólico de 44,80% (v/v). O teor de ácido elágico encontrado no extrato líquido foi de 3,84%(m/m). A secagem por nebulização/atomização foi realizada por planejamento experimental de univariada e em seguida pelo planejamento fracionário 2 5-2 com replicatas. Durante o processo os adjuvantes utilizados foram a maltodextrina e o aerosil, demonstrando que nas condições ótimas encontradas a maltodextrina apresenta maior proteção e concentração de ácido elágico no extrato.
Carvalho, Marcia Eugenia Amaral de. "Efeitos do extrato de Ascophyllum nodosum sobre o desenvolvimento e produção de cultivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-13032013-133345/.
Full textAiming to improve the crop performance, the use of seaweed extracts has increased mainly because it is an alternative to the use of fertilizers and for being environmentally friendly. The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum stands out among the species commonly employed for this purpose, and has been widely studied for its properties, which provide the plant growth as well as food for human and animals. Many studies have shown several beneficial effects of seaweed extracts in plants, such as the early germination of seeds and their establishment, improving the crop performance and productivity and a high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Multiple physiological processes, biochemical and genetic factors are involved in the plant responses and the effects observed from applications can be direct or indirect. However, the action mechanisms of the A. nodosum extract are still poorly understood and their elucidation is important to develop strategies that provide higher plant productivity. Thus, it is important to study the seaweed extract effects on the physiology of the growth, development and yield of species used in crops. Corn, soybean, wheat and bean were chosen for this study due to their multiple uses and for being among the 10 crops that have the largest areas of cultivation and production volume in Brazil; achieving social and economic relevance not only for this country but also for the world.
Lopez, Claire. "Synthèse de polymères à empreintes moléculaires d'alcaloïdes Vinca pour leur extraction sur phase solide dans des extraits de plantes ou des fluides biologiques : développement du détecteur conductimétrique sans contact à couplage capacitif et de la technique de la double injection en électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2078.
Full textThis thesis reports in a first part results obtained with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) during solid liquid extraction. Polymer-analyte interactions, composition of the sample matrix and selectivity of MIPs have been studied.The first application concerned the extraction of molecules in a plant extract. Two MIPs respectively prepared from the methacrylic acid (MAA) and itaconic acid ( IA) and with respectively catharanthine and vindoline as template showed their selectivity on standard solutions then on a plant extract. Experiments of cross reactivity performed with analogue of the template (dimers alkaloids) have proved the specificity of analytes recognition by the MIPs. The MIP-catharanthine is characterized by Scatchard isotherms and its capacity was estimated from the extract of Catharanthus roseus. A MIP prepared from MAA with the vinorelbine as template was applied in salt aqueous matrices for the extraction of vinflunine and its metabolite in bovine plasma and urine. High extraction recoveries were reached with a study of the impact of salts and the choice of washing solvents adapted to the matrix. The second part showed the simplicity of use and the sensibility of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for the analysis of counter-ion and active principle in pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The technique of double injection allowed the simultaneous analysis of cations and anions. The developed method EC-C4D was applied to Vinca alkaloids and various medicines with anionic or cationic counter-ions
Machado, Alessandra Cury [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resposta tecidual dos extratos vegetal aquoso e hidroalcoólico de Aroeira (Astronium urundeuva) pela análise edemogênica e histopatológica em rato." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95466.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a compatibilidade biológica do extrato aquoso e hidroalcoólico de folhas da planta Aroeira do Sertão (Astronium urundeuva) empregando-se o teste edemogênico e implantes em subcutâneo de rato. Utilizou-se 48 ratos machos wistar com peso aproximado de 250g. Para quantificação do edema, 18 animais anestesiados, receberam injeção intravenosa de Azul de Evans a 1% (0,2 mg/kg). Após 30 minutos, foram injetados 0,1 mL do extrato e solução fisiológico na região dorsal do animal. Os ratos foram sacrificados após 3 e 6 horas. As peças obtidas foram colocadas em formamida por 72 horas em estufa a 45ºC. A leitura foi realizada em espectrofotômetro com comprimento de onda de 630 nm. Para a implantação no subcutâneo do rato (reação tardia), 30 ratos receberam implantes de tubos de polietileno contendo os extratos na região dorsal sendo posteriormente sacrificados após 7 e 28 dias para remoção das peças. As peças foram processadas, cortadas e coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Os resultados foram obtidos pela leitura dos espécimes em microscópio óptico, em aumentos de 10 e 40x, para avaliação da espessura da cápsula fibrosa e quantificação do infiltrado inflamatório. Não foi observada diferença significante (p>0,05) na quantificação de edema dos diferentes grupos nos tempos operatórios, mas verificou-se haver diferença significante (p<0,05) entre as soluções analisadas, independente do tempo de estudo. A solução hidroalcoólica apresentou maior edema que a solução de aroeira aquosa e solução fisiológica. Foi apontado resultados semelhantes no período de 7 dias para os três grupos experimentais. Para o período de 28 dias, houve redução acentuada do número de células inflamatórias para a solução fisiológica e extrato aquoso
The aim of the present study was to evaluate submucous tissue response to the extract of Aroeira’s leaf employing the endemogenic analysis and implants in rats. The test groups consisted of aqueous and hydroalcoholic Aroeira’s extracts and the control group consisted of physiological saline. Forty eight male Wistar rats weighing 250g were selected. For the edema quantification, 18 animals under anesthesia received intravenous injection of 1% Evans Blue (0,2mg/Kg). After 30 minutes, the extracts (0,1ml) and the physiological saline were injected on the rats’ dorsum. The animals were killed after 3 and 6 hours. The samples were put in formamide for 72h in heater at 45°. The readings were realized in spectrophotometer with 630nm wavelength. For the submucous implantation, 30 rats received a polyethylene tube containing the extracts on their dorsum. The animals were killed after 7 and 28 days. The samples were processed for histological analysis and evaluated in optical microscope (10x and 40x original augmentation). The fiber capsule thickness was measured and the inflammatory infiltrate was quantified. The Two-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Kruskall- Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis with a 95% confidence interval. There were no statistical significant differences (P>0.05) between groups in relation to edema quantification in the different periods. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the solutions analyzed independent of the time period. The hydroalcoholic solution resulted in more edema than the aqueous and saline solutions. Similar results were found on the 7-day period for the 3 groups. On the 28-day period there was a notable reduction on inflammatory cell number for the saline and aqueous extract groups
Siqueira, Marina Guimarães. "Atividade antiulcerogenica do extrato bruto hidroalcooloco da Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309816.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini (Tiliaceae) geralmente é encontrada em alguns estados do Brasil como Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul. Trata-se de uma árvore de 16 metros de altura, com casca fina, de coloração pardo-acinzentada, com numerosos e pequenos sulcos longitudinais e que floresce de dezembro a fevereiro. Conhecida popularmente como "Açoita-cavalo", sua casca é empregada na medicina popular, na forma de decocto, como antiinflamatório, diurético e anti-reumático. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antiulcerogênica de extratos obtidos da Luehea divaricata, determinar o possível mecanismo de ação e identificar prováveis substâncias ativas. Para a obtenção do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (EBH 70%), foram utilizadas as cascas secas e moídas da espécie acima, coletada na reserva florestal de Leme. Esse extrato foi avaliado em modelos de úlcera gástrica induzida por indometacina e etanol. Para estudo do mecanismo de ação avaliou-se a participação de grupos sulfidrila, prostaglandinas, inibição da secreção ácida gástrica e quantificação de muco gastroprotetor. Uma triagem fitoquímica foi realizada para identificar substâncias presentes no EBH 70% e placas de CCD também foram feitas para comparar os extratos testados e seus constituintes. O EBH 70% de L. divaricata reduziu o índice de lesões ulcerativas produzido por indometacina e etanol. Esse mecanismo de ação antiulcerogênico está parcialmente relacionado com a atividade de radicais sulfidrila e pela precipitação de proteínas produzida pela presença de polifenóis (flavonóides, catequinas, antocianinas, taninos), identificados entre os princípios ativos dessa espécie. Além de polifenóis a triagem fitoquímica identificou a presença saponinas, esteróides triterpênicos e antracenosídeos
Abstract: The Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini (Tiliaceae) is generally found in some States of Brazil such as Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, São Paulo, Minas Gerias, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It is a sixteen-metre-tall tree with fine bark and greyish colour which blossoms from December to February. It is popularly known as "açoita-cavalo" and its bark is used in popular medicine in the form of decoctation as an antiinfiamatory, diuretic and rheumatic drug. This work aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcerative activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract and the fractions obtained from the Luehea divaricata as well determine the probable mechanism of the action involved. Dried-milled bark was used in order to obtain the hydro-alcoholic extract of Luehea divaricata Martus et Zuccarini (EBH 70%). The EBH 70% was evaluated in models of indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer in a dose of lg/kg. For the study of the mechanism action participation of sulfhydryl, prostaglandin, acid gastric secretion and quantification of mucus protector was evaluated. A phytochemical screening was also carried out to identify the components present in EBH 70%. The result showed that the EBH 70% of Luehea divaricata performs an important anti-ulcerative action and that its mechanism of action may be related to the participation of the sulfhydrylic non-protein substances. Moreover, this protective action should be consequence to condensed tannins presents in this extract. These compounds have been described in the literature as responsible for this antioxidan and cicatrizing local action
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
Francisconi, Lucilaine Silva. "Determinação dos constituintes inorgânicos em plantas medicinais e seus extratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-13062014-091006/.
Full textDifferent types of therapies have been introduced as an alternative treatment to combat different types of human disorders. Among them, the use of herbal teas has been highlighted by the cost/benefit, easiness of acquisition and administration. The aim of this study was to determine the inorganic constituents, and evaluate the element concentrations of As, Ba, Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, K, Mg. Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ta, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn and Zr by neutron activation analysis; and Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb, by atomic emission spectrometry, with inductively coupled plasma source and Hg, by atomic absorption spectrometry, with cold vapor generation in medicinal plants and their extracts, whose marketing was recently regulated by National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). The relevance of these analyses is justified by the need of contributing to the recommendation of such plants as sources of minerals in the diet and, also, to verify if their concentrations cam pose some harm to the organism. The techniques showed adequate sensitivity in determining the concentration for most of the elements. Toxic elements were found in concentration not harmful to the human body. The results, also, allowed possible to correlate the elemental concentration in the analyzed species, by the determination the correlation coefficients and applications of cluster analysis. From these results it was confirmers in the groups of elements, regarding the variation of the concentrations observed in some plants and their extracts. The elements that play important roles in the human metabolism were determined in concentrations that can help both, to avoid the lack of these elements in the organisms, from the diet, and in treatment of disease.
Rios, López Ana Isabel, and Peña Fernando Hiroshi Yamasaki. "Efecto antibacteriano del extracto metanólico de Moringa oleifera (Moringa) combinado con hidróxido de calcio sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626087.
Full textObjective: Evaluate the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) combined with calcium hydroxide on strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212). Materials and methods: Methanolic extracts of stems, leaves and stems plus Moringa oleifera leaves were prepared, which were combined with calcium hydroxide in equal proportion. Subsequently, the antibacterial effect of the extracts in the presence and absence of calcium hydroxide against the bacterial strain of Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method and the count of Colony Forming Units (CFU). Results: It was observed that when comparing calcium hydroxide with the methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera in the presence and absence of calcium hydroxide, it is shown that calcium hydroxide alone has a high antibacterial effect unlike the various combinations. Conclusions: The importance of this study was to evaluate if the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera enhances the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide. The results show that different methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera do not have the capacity to repower the calcium hydroxide.
Tesis
Souza, Leonardo Perez de [UNESP]. "Padronização de extratos vegetais: Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97976.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O uso de fitoterápicos padronizados com eficácia e segurança garantidas tem mostrado resultados surpreendes em diversos países. Contudo, o Brasil ainda possui deficiências na correta caracterização dos produtos brutos e falta de um controle de qualidade mais rigoroso para esses materiais. As etapas necessárias para utilização de uma planta como fitoterápico são, primeiramente, a comprovação da sua eficácia e segurança através de ensaios farmacológicos seguidas da correta caracterização química do extrato e quantificação de alguns marcadores escolhidos para representarem a sua identidade. Astronium urundeuva é uma planta brasileira utilizada na medicina popular, para a qual são reportadas atividades antiulcerogênica e antiinflamatória, assim como efeito no trânsito gastrointestinal e em colites, sendo um alvo interessante para utilização como fitoterápico. Extratos foram preparados por percolação como descrito pela farmacopéia brasileira e avaliados por ESI-IT-MS e LC-MS apresentando em sua composição majoritária galotaninos e derivados. A caracterização química foi obtida através de duas diferentes abordagens, para os compostos majoritários análise por FIA-ESI-IT-MS forneceram indício sobre quais as substâncias presentes no extrato e HPLC-PDA com adição de padrão confirmou as identidades dessas substâncias, enquanto que os compostos minoritários tiveram que passar por uma etapa adicional de pré-concentração utilizando GPC em Sephadex LH20, depois da qual as substâncias foram identificadas ou pelo mesmo procedimento que os compostos majoritários ou por isolamento e caracterização utilizando HPLC em escala semipreparativa e espectroscopia de NMR. Dessa forma foi possível a identificação de 10 compostos fenólicos, assim como 8 galotaninos os quais foi possível...
The use of standardized phytotherapics with attested efficacy and safety has shown surprisingly good results in many countries. Nevertheless, Brazil still has deficiencies at the correct chemical characterization of raw products, and lack of a more rigorous quality control of those materials. The necessary steps for the use of a plant as a phytotherapic are, at first, proof of the efficacy and safety through pharmacological essays followed by the correct chemical characterization of the extract and quantification of some markers chosen to represent its identity. Astronium urundeuva is a Brazilian traditional herb used in folk medicine, it is reported that it shows antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, as effect at the gastric transit and colitis, being an interesting target to be used as a phytotherapic. Extracts were prepared by percolation as described by Brazilian Farmacopeia and screened by FIA-ESI-IT-MS and LC-MS showing a major composition of gallotannins and derivatives. The chemical characterization was achieved with two different approaches, for the major compounds FIA-ESI-IT-MS analysis provided a clue about which substances were present at the extract and HPLC-PDA with standard addition confirm the identities of these substances, while the minor compounds had to go through an additional step of pre-concentration achieved by gel permeation chromatography using Sephadex LH20, after that the substances were identified either by the same procedure as for the major compounds or by isolation and characterization using HPLC in semi preparative scale and NMR spectroscopy. This way it was possible to identify 10 phenolic compounds, also 8 gallotannins which it was possible only to attribute the degree of polymerization since they are hardly isolated and there are no standards available. An HPLC-PDA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Almeida, Viviane Tavares de. "Bioatividade de extrato etanólico de Euphorbia pulcherrima sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2016. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1085.
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The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous species which attacks many economically important crops in several countries. This insect is an important pest of corn, and currently the most widely used control method is chemical. In order to minimize environmental impacts, other forms of control have been tried, and accordingly, the investigation of plants with insecticidal effects becomes relevant. Thus the present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia pulcherrima leaves (poinsettia) in fall armyworm biology. Extracts were prepared from leaves of the plant E. pulcherrima collected at different phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive), oven dried, crushed and then solubilized in ethanol, yielding the ethanol extract. The extracts were set aside in 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations for each phenological stage of the plant, incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to the larvae of S. frugiperda. The extract of vegetative and reproductive phase of E. pulcherrima leaves in concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, has showed effects on larvae of S. frugiperda affecting mortality, increasing the larval period and reducing the weight of larvae. The extract of the reproductive phase in two concentrations (0.5% and 1%) reduced the pupal weight and feces excreted by the caterpillars. The highest concentration of the ethanolic extract from the reproductive stage of the leaves reduced the viability of the eggs. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of E. pulcherrima leaves in the reproductive phase of the plant is effective to reduce the S. frugiperda population.
A lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda) é uma espécie polífaga que ataca diversas culturas economicamente importantes em vários países. Esse inseto é uma importante praga do milho, e atualmente a forma mais utilizada de controle é o químico. No intuito de minimizar impactos ambientais, outras formas de controle têm sido experimentadas, e nesse sentido, a investigação de plantas com ação inseticida torna-se relevante. Diante disso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato etanólico de folhas de Euphorbia pulcherrima (Bico-de-Papagaio) na biologia da Lagarta-do-cartucho. Foram elaborados extratos a partir de folhas da planta E. pulcherrima coletadas em diferentes fases fenológicas (vegetativa e reprodutiva), secas em estufa, trituradas e então solubilizadas em etanol, obtendo-se o extrato etanólico bruto. Os extratos obtidos foram reservados nas concentrações 0,5% e 1,0% para cada fase fenológica da planta, incorporados em dieta artificial e oferecidos para as lagartas de S. frugiperda. O extrato de folhas de E. pulcherrima da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva nas concentrações de 0,5% e 1%, apresentaram efeitos sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, afetando a mortalidade, prolongando o período larval e reduzindo o peso das lagartas. O extrato da fase reprodutiva nas duas concentrações (0,5 % e 1 %) reduziu o peso de pupas e das fezes excretadas pelas lagartas. A maior concentração do extrato etanólico de folhas da fase reprodutiva reduziu a viabilidade dos ovos. Conclui-se que o extrato de folhas de E. pulcherrima da fase reprodutiva é eficiente para a redução de população de S. frugiperda.
Silva, Semiramys Moreira. "Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos de uma população de Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth (mirixi-caju) de Boa Vista, Roraima." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2009. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=140.
Full textByrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth conhecida popularmente como mirixi-caju, pertence ao Gênero Byrsonima e a Família Malpighiaceae. É uma das espécies mais abundantes das regiões de savana dos trópicos brasileiros que tem sido utilizada pela medicina tradicional sob a forma de infusão das folhas e cascas para o tratamento de feridas como agentes anti-sépticos. No presente estudo avaliou-se a ação antimicrobiana dos extratos metanólico, clorofórmico, acetato de etila e etanólico, produzidos a partir de partes aéreas e casca do caule de indivíduos de B. coccolobifolia, frente a espécies bacterianas (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens) e fúngica (Candida albicans). As análises para avaliação de atividade antimicrobiana foram realizadas seguindo o método de Kirby e Bauer e Concentração Inibitória Mínima dos extratos ativos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os extratos testados apresentaram atividade sobre as cepas de bactérias Gram (+), especialmente S. aureus, sendo que os maiores halos apresentados por extratos de acetato de etila, clorofórmico e metanólico obtidos da casca do caule. Quando testados frente a C. albicans apresentaram parcialmente ativos, não diferindo entre as partes da planta utilizada nem o solvente empregado para preparação do extrato. Assim, o uso de B. coccolobifolia pode inferir uma alternativa eficiente principalmente contra infecções bacteriana causada por S. aureus.
Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth popularly known as mirixi-caju belongs to the Genus Byrsonima and Family Malpighiaceae. It is one of the most abundant species of tropical savanna regions of Brazilian tropics which has been used by traditional medicine in the form of infusion of the leaves and bark to treat wounds as antiseptic agents. In this study we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, produced from the aerial parts and stem bark of individuals of B. coccolobifolia, against bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens) and fungal (Candida albicans). The tests for antimicrobial activity were performed following the method of Kirby and Bauer and minimum inhibitory concentration of active extracts. The results indicated that the extracts tested showed activity against strains of Gram (+), especially S. aureus, with the largest halos presented by extracts of ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol obtained from the stem bark. When tested against C. albicans showed partially active, with no difference between the plant parts used or the solvent employed to prepare the extract. Thus, the use of B. coccolobifolia can infer an effective alternative especially against bacterial infections caused by S. aureus.