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1
Grulichová, Hana. "Extrakce vybraných flavonoidů bezu černého pro potravinářské účely." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216653.
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Amount of rutin and quercetin in bark and leaves from different type of Sambucus nigra was determined in this diploma thesis. Records of amounts were compared with amounts in significant sources of these flavonoids. Matters from raw matrix were obtained with pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). There was use temperature 120°C, pressure 150 bar, three times 5-min cycles for PSE. There were used 80°C, 150 bar, three 5-min cycles for rutin extracted with PHWE and the same condition were used for extraction of quercetin only the temperature was changed to 100 °C. Analysis of rutin and quercetin were carry out high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD), where was used SUPELCOSILTM LC 8DB column (5µm; 250 x 4.6 mm). Methanol: water: formic acid (36: 61.5: 2.5, pH 2.17 2.28) was used like a mobile phase. The flow of the mobile phase was set up 0.7 ml/min. Size of sample was 10 µl. The most amount of rutin was determined in the leaves of wild kind of Sambucus nigra with methanol extraction and hot water too. Extraction with PHWE was more effectively. There were determined 5.58 mg of rutin in one gram of sample from wild Sambucus nigra. There were determined the smallest amount of rutin in Sambucus nigra Körsör. There was found only 0.13 mg/g with extraction PHWE. The quercetin wasn’t determined in any Sambucus nigra leaves. There were found both of the flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in the branch of Sambucus nigra. The rutin was determined in the small amount in wild kind but it was found in the important amount in Sambucus nigra cultivar. Whereas the quercetin was found in higher concentration than rutin when was finding the ideal conditions for extraction of branch. The quercetin was chosen like more important in light of amount. In the end the quercetin wasn’t detected in any Sambucus nigra cultivars. The most amount of quercetin was determined in wild sambucus nigra, 0.24 mg/g. The most amount of rutin was found in Sambucus nigra Albida, 2.33 mg/g.
2
Kosárová, Hedvika. "Aplikace prekoncentračních/separačních technik pro stanovení platiny v životním prostředí atomovou spektrometrií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216914.
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This thesis deals with optimization of conditions for the determination of platinum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The theoretical part describes the occurrence of platinum in different part of the environment, its physical and chemical properties, transport and bioavailability. There is also evaluated appropriate method for determination and preconcentration of platinum. The experimental part describes advance of optimize the measurement conditions for ETA-AAS, further is describes optimization of condition for SPE and work with real samples on which are applied this conditions.
3
Blažková, Eva. "Stanovení perfluorovaných sloučenin pomocí separačních metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216600.
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The theoretical part of this diploma thesis consists of current matters regarding the presence of perfluorinated organic compounds in living environment elements. The attention has been focused on perfluoroktanoic acid (PFOA), (PFOS), and (FOSA). Physical-chemical characteristics of these organic pollutants and their toxicological and environmental aspects have been described. Possible ways of the pollutants analytical determination have been specified. The experimental part has explored effects of extraction techniques (sonication, pressurized solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction) used for PFAS separation from seats of fire soil sample. Identification of the analytes have been achieved by liquid chromatography/mass spektrometry.
4
Sedláček, Jaroslav. "Stanovení nonylfenolu a jeho izomerů ve vodách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216949.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of nonylphenol, degradation product of surfactants. Nonylphenol however most often arises in wastewater treatment plants predominantly during the microbial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates used in industry. It is a substance highly bioaccumulative, toxic predominantly to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, it belongs among hormone disruptors. The detailed research was prepared, on the basis which experimental part of diploma thesis was solved. Nonylphenol was determined in samples of the wastewater. The solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of the analyte and purification of the extract. The final determination was performed on the gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer (TOF). All steps of the preanalytical and the analytical procedure were optimized.
5
Benešová, Markéta. "Stanovení léčiv pomocí HPLC s různými typy detektorů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216704.
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This diploma thesis deals with the determination of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater, especially with erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. In this time are these pharmaceuticals prescribed quite frequently. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation and the purification of selected analytes from an aqueous matrix; as the suitable procedure was found the using Oasis HLB cartridges. High performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) was optimized for its analysis of selected pharmaceuticals. The optimized method was used for the determination of pharmaceuticals in real water samples, which was taken at the inflow and the outflow of the urban wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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Vydrová, Lucie. "Využití separačních metod pro studium biologicky aktivních látek ve vodách." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233344.
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Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
7
Vašíčková, Petra. "Stanovení reziduí léčiv pomocí separačních metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216632.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substances became a very frequently used and constantly evolved group of the drugs, particularly in a human medicine. The risk of their penetration into the environment, especially to the water environment, is rising during the recent years. The diploma thesis is focused on a selection of appropriate separation method and optimization of analytical procedure for the identification and determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage and surface waters. Salicylic acid, ketoprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen were chosen from the wide range of NSAIDs as the most widespread agents of this drugs group in the medical practice. The method was optimized and elaborated using the model water samples. This method was used for determination of the analytes contained in the real water samples. Waste water samples were taken from the large-scale wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and surface water samples were taken from the Highlands river Křetínka. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the real samples treatment and preconcentration, the determination was performed using the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy method (LC-MS).
8
Stehlík, Pavel. "Stanovení vybraných strobilurinových pesticidů v ječmeni, sladu a pivu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216412.
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This diploma work is aimed determination of strobilurine pesticide in barly, malt and berr. Identifikation of strobilurine was made according to mass spectra library and base of commercialy standard. The next quantifikation in samples was made. The work consist of three main parts refer about problems. In therotical part is the method of plant, grown protection. This part is about pesticides and their fission, history and effects. In experimental part is method for determination strobilurine. In part results and discussion are all result and data in tables a graphs. At the end is sumed up result this work.
9
Allers, NJ, L. Hay, PJ Schutte, ML Steinmann, Plooy S. du, and LH Bohmer. "Long-term effects of a low dosage of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats." South African Journal of Science, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000779.
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Most studies on the antihypertensive effects of bioflavonoids have
reported short-term effects (within 7 weeks) at high concentrations
(40–100 mg kg–1 day–1). The present study by contrast has investigated
long-term effects of low concentrations of bioflavonoids on
arterial blood pressure and left ventricular performance in spontaneously
hypertensive rats (SHR). Spontaneously hypertensive rats
were divided into a treated (n = 16) and a control (n = 16) group.
The treated group received daily a grape seed proanthocyanidin
extract (GSPE) at a concentration of 4mg kg–1day–1over six months.
Arterial blood pressure (ABP) was measured once monthly on six
randomly selected rats from both groups using an indirect tail-cuff
method. After three months, the remaining rats underwent
catheterizations to measure left ventricular performance and aortic
pressure. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of
GSPE was investigated by blocking NO synthase with N-nitro-Larginine
methyl ester (L-NAME). Animals in the treated group had
significantly lower arterial end-diastolic pressures (AEDP) after
three months of treatment compared with control animals, and this
trend continued until six months. In the treated group, left ventricular
systolic pressures (LVSP) were reduced by 16.6% (P = 0.005),
their dP/dtmax (left ventricular pressures) were reduced by 19.7%
(P = 0.050), and cardiac work was reduced by 22.0% (P = 0.045) at
the end of three months. Treatment with L-NAMEsuggested a contribution
of NO to the effects of GSPE on blood pressure. A low concentration
of GSPE administered over six months lowered AEDP
significantly, and the L-NAME response suggested that NO is
involved. The decreased AEDP had a lowering effect on left ventricular
dynamics of hypertensive rats.
10
Thembo, MK, SR Magano, and LJ Shai. "The effects of aqueous root extract of Senna italica subsp. arachoides on the feeding performance of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes adults." African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001202.
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The effects of aqueous root extracts of Senna italica subsp. arachoides on the feeding performance of
adults of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes in three consecutive infestations of rabbits were studied under
laboratory conditions. Rabbits were divided into treatment group (n = 3), fed aqueous root extracts and
rabbit pellets while the control group (n = 3) was fed with rabbit pellets and given distilled water only.
Ticks that infested the treatment rabbits fed poorly, taking significantly longer feeding periods (P < 0.05)
to acquire the bloodmeal, and having significantly reduced engorgement weights (P < 0.05) compared to
those that fed on the control rabbits during the first and second infestations. These results suggest that
aqueous root extracts of S. italica subsp. arachoides reduced the feeding performance of H. marginatum
rufipes adults.
11
Šnóblová, Marie. "Stanovení estrogenů v biologických matricích." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-95436.
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Ševčík, Václav. "Vývoj a optimalizace SPE metody pro prekoncentraci a stanovení fluorotelomerních alkoholů ve vodách." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307110.
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New GC-MS method combined with SPE preconcentration step has been developed and optimized for the determination of selected fluorotelomer alcohols in aqueous samples by advanced statistical method in this thesis. 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-octanol (6:2 FTOH) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH) have been selected as the analytes. The influence of several factors, such as the sample volume, the carrier gas pressure, the sampling time and the injector temperature on the system response have been studied during the optimization. Utilizing the statistical software Minitab 16 and series of experiments, the optimal values of relevant factors and a suitable type of ionization were found for both analytes. Limits of detection of GC-MS method are 0.24 ng/mL for 6:2 FTOH and 0.42 ng/mL for 8:2 FTOH. Several factors, such as the type and the volume of conditioning agent, the speed of conditioning, the speed of sample flow, the method of column drying, the type and the volume of eluent have been tested for SPE. The optima of these factors were determined using Minitab 16 software. The extraction efficiency dependence on the concentration and volume of the stock solution was used to set the limitation of SPE for the determination of fluorotelomer alcohols. The maximum volume of sample equals to 400 mL...
13
Svoboda, Antonín. "On-line spojení extrakce na pevnou fázi (SPE) s průtokovým systémem SIA pro úpravu vzorku a stanovení vybraného léčiva v biologické matrici." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267319.
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14
Pravdová, Adéla. "Separace a identifikace lipopeptidů pomocí chromatografie a hmotnostní spektrometrie." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397588.
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5 Abstract Protein lipidation occupies an important place in the post-translational modification group. It plays an important role in the processes of cell differentiation or synaptic transmission. Changes in the presence of lipidated proteins may in some cases indicate the appearance of human diseases such as Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, or cancer. For this reason, their analysis has become desirable, but also problematic due to its specific characteristics. This work is focused on the development of conditions for measurement of lipopeptides produced by cleavage of proteins containing lipomodification. Two separation procedures were tested, in which the aim of work was to enrich the lipopeptides and remove as many other molecules as possible from the samples. The first test method - phase interface separation, using water and chloroform, was able to concentrate the lipopeptides on the phase interface and separate some of the added unmodified peptides from the mixture. The second method of separation was a solid phase using a C18 stationary phase. As a more suitable solid phase extraction variant, elution with solutions containing acetonitrile with trifluoroacetic acid was chosen as compared to solutions containing isopropyl alcohol. With the modified elution procedure, it was possible to separate...
15
Šrédlová, Kamila. "Biodegradace polychlorovaných bifenylů v podzemní vodě pomocí biologických přístupů." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343812.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of important organic pollutants which undergo very slow degradation and tend to persist for a long time in the environment. PCBs have various negative effects on living organisms, human health and the environment in general. A method for determining PCB levels in aqueous matrices was developed consisting of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and GC/MS determination. The average recoveries of PCB congeners from artificially spiked deionized water were around 85%. The PCB concentration of 3.3±0.1 μg·l-1 (a sum of selected congeners) was detected in contaminated groundwater originated from the area of a former asphalt concrete producing plant. The most abundant PCBs were trichlorinated congeners which together comprised about 80% of the total PCB content. The optimised SPE method was further applied together with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) to assess the degradation potential of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) which shows high degradation efficiency of various organic pollutants including PCBs. P. ostreatus belongs to ligninolytic (white-rot) fungi, which is a very promising group of microorganisms frequently studied due to their bioremediation potential. P. ostreatus, strain KRYOS was able to remove 41±8% of the initial amount (50 μg) of the...
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Havelková, Eva. "Využití moderních separačních a spektrometrických metod k identifikaci lipidomu z biologického vzorku." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324656.
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Modern separation and spectrometric techniques for biological sample lipidom investigation Due recent progress in field of mass spectrometry the lipidomics, part of metabolomics, is increasing its importance for broad fields of biological study. The aim of this study is to test the lipid extraction techniques and to optimize the preseparation and separation of lipids suitable for mass spectrometry detection. The fragmentation patterns of four, the most abundant lipid classes of glycerolipids (PC, PE, TG, DG), were acquired for the proposed system. These patterns were compared with literature. The most appropriate method for extraction was declared technique according Folch based on methanol and chloroform solution. The preseparation due SPE method is very useful tool for lipid determination. The optimized were focused to reach higher recovery especially in polar lipid fraction. Proposed HPLC system is based on methanol with ammonium buffer, water and isopropanol. The testing was done on three columns with different type of sorbents (Gemini, Syncronis and Kinetex). The separation was evaluated according mass spectrometer response, shape and wide of particular analytes peaks. Composition contains 20% of water was determinate as the best and also the best separation was achieved by Kinetex column. The proposed...
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Prachařová, Eva. "Purifikace florizinu z listů Malus domestica Borkh. extrakcí na pevné fázi a semipreparativní vysokoúčinnou kapalinovou chromatografií." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387773.
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DIPLOMA THESIS Purification of phlorizin from Malus domestica Borkh.by solid-phase extraction and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography Eva Prachařová Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany The aim of this diploma thesis was to find the best conditions for purification of a flavonoid extract from leaves of Malus domestica Borkh., and obtaining the purest fraction of phlorizin. Phlorizin may be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the future, it has the ability to reduce glycemia by reducing the absorption of glucose in the small intestine and by increasing urinary glucose excretion. The first step was to find an SPE cartridge with a suitable sorbent and a suitable eluent for solid phase extraction. The DPA-6S cartridge and 100% methanol as an eluentwerefound to be the most suitable for SPE. The next step was to find the best possible conditions for semi-preparative HPLC using an ACE 5 C18 column (5 μm, C18, 150 x 10 mm i.d., 150 mm length). The mobile phase consisted of 1% (v/v) acetic acid in water (solvent A) and ethanol 100% (v/v) (solvent B), and a linear gradient elution was used (10-100% B), 0-60 min, the flow: 1mL/min. This method resulted in the 91.05% purity of phlorizin. Keywords: phlorizin, SPE,...
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洪健寧. "Immunomodulation of IM-104 and sugar cane extract (SCE) in porcine innate immunity and field trail." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64207985141184612469.
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