Journal articles: 'Extrakce SPE'

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ČULÍK, Jiří, Tomáš HORÁK, Marie JURKOVÁ, Pavel ČEJKA, Vladimír KELLNER, and Josef DVOŘÁK. "Determination of aromatic alcohols in beer using the solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Part II. - The content of aromatic alcohols in czech beers." Kvasny Prumysl 55, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2009023.

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ČULÍK, Jiří, Tomáš HORÁK, Marie JURKOVÁ, Pavel ČEJKA, Vladimír KELLNER, and Josef DVOŘÁK. "Determination of aromatic alcohols in beer by solid phase extraction and detection with gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Part I - Creation and validation of the analytical method." Kvasny Prumysl 55, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2009): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2009018.

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Ōba, Minako, and Asa Yoneda. "Once She (Extract)." Wasafiri 35, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2020.1721118.

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Barbosa-Pereira, Letricia, Ainara Pocheville, Inmaculada Angulo, Perfecto Paseiro-Losada, and Jose M. Cruz. "Fractionation and Purification of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from a Brewery Waste Stream." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/408491.

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The brewery industry generates waste that could be used to yield a natural extract containing bioactive phenolic compounds. We compared two methods of purifying the crude extract—solid-phase extraction (SPE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)—with the aim of improving the quality of the final extract for potential use as safe food additive, functional food ingredient, or nutraceutical. The predominant fractions yielded by SPE were the most active, and the fraction eluted with 30% (v/v) of methanol displayed the highest antioxidant activity (0.20 g L−1), similar to that of BHA. The most active fraction yielded by SFE (EC50of 0.23 g L−1) was obtained under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, pressure 140 bar, extraction time 30 minutes, ethanol (6%) as a modifier, and modifier flow 0.2 mL min−1. Finally, we found that SFE is the most suitable procedure for purifying the crude extracts and improves the organoleptic characteristics of the product: the final extract was odourless, did not contain solvent residues, and was not strongly coloured. Therefore, natural extracts obtained from the residual stream and purified by SFE can be used as natural antioxidants with potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Tsika, Gretchen, Juan Ji, and Richard Tsika. "Sp3 Proteins Negatively Regulate β Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression during Skeletal Muscle Inactivity." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 24 (December 15, 2004): 10777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.24.10777-10791.2004.

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ABSTRACT In adult skeletal muscle, β myosin heavy chain (βMyHC) gene expression is primarily restricted to slow type I fibers; however, its expression is down-regulated in response to muscle inactivity. Little is known about the signaling pathways and transcription factors that mediate this important functional response. This study demonstrates that increased binding of Sp3 to GC-rich elements in theβ MyHC promoter is a critical event in down-regulation ofβ MyHC gene expression under non-weight-bearing conditions. Conversely, binding of Sp3 to these elements decreased while Sp1 binding increased with nuclear extracts from plantaris muscle exposed to mechanical overload, a stimulus that increases βMyHC gene expression. In addition, these experiments revealed the existence of an Sp4-DNA binding complex when using adult skeletal muscle nuclear extract was used but not when nuclear extracts from cultured myotubes were used. Sp3 proteins are competitive inhibitors of Sp1-mediatedβ MyHC reporter gene transactivation in both Drosophila SL-2 and mouse C2C12 myotubes. Sp4 is a weak activator of βMyHC gene expression in SL-2 cells, which lack endogenous Sp1 activity, but does not activate βMyHC gene expression in C2C12 myotubes, which have high levels of Sp1. These results suggest that competitive binding of Sp family proteins regulate βMyHC gene transcription in response to altered neuromuscular activity.

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Lambert, Maja, Steen Honoré Hansen, Majid Sairafianpour, and Jerzy W. Jaroszewski. "Rapid Extract Dereplication Using HPLC-SPE-NMR: Analysis of Isoflavonoids fromSmirnowiairanica." Journal of Natural Products 68, no. 10 (October 2005): 1500–1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0502037.

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SHIMIZU, Chikara, Hirotoshi FUDA, Young C. LEE, and Charles A. STROTT. "Transcriptional regulation of human 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulphate synthase 2." Biochemical Journal 363, no. 2 (April 8, 2002): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3630263.

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Sulphonation is a fundamental process that is essential for normal growth and development as well as maintenance of the internal milieu. The universal sulphonate donor molecule essential for all sulphoconjugation reactions is adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS), which is produced from ATP and inorganic sulphate by the action of bifunctional PAPS synthase. There are two isozymes encoded by genes located on chromosome 4 (PAPS synthase 1) and chromosome 10 (PAPS synthase 2). The promoter for PAPS synthase 2 contains neither a TATAAA nor a CCAAT box, although a consensus initiator motif is present. Three human cell lines were used to examine promoter activity after transfection with various lengths of the 5′-flanking region of the PAPS synthase 2 gene fused to a reporter gene. Proximal promoter activity was located between bp −84 and bp −124 upstream of the purported transcription start site. This region contains two GC/GT boxes that are essential for full promoter activity, as indicated by deletion analysis and supported further by mutagenesis. A nuclear extract of SW13 cells, which highly express PAPS synthase 2, contained proteins that bound to probes possessing promoter-specific GC/GT boxes. Furthermore, the presence of specificity protein (Sp) 1, Sp2 and Sp3 proteins in the nuclear extract was confirmed by supershift analysis. Co-transfection experiments using SL2 cells yielded additional support for the involvement of Sp1 in transcriptional regulation of the PAPS synthase 2 gene; the involvement of Sp2 and/or Sp3 remains to be clarified further.

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Hashim, N. A., H. Ya'akob, M. N. M. Rosdi, N. A. Zainol, F. Husin, H. H. Soib, and N. F. Norhisham. "Antioxidant properties of extracts and SPE fractions from Annona muricata leaves." Food Research 4, S2 (April 16, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s2).s02.

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Annona muricata L. (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) is a tropical plant species known for its edible fruit and well known for the medicinal value. In this study, the antioxidant properties of A. muricata leaves is evaluated for different extracts and fractions. The airdried leaves of A. muricata leaves were successively extracted with n-hexane and methanol. The methanolic crude extract was further semi-purified by utilizing solid-phase extraction (SPE) in a mixture of mobile phase aqueous: methanol to methanol and resulted in four semi-purified fractions (ALM 1 – ALM 4). Antioxidant properties of extracts and fractions were evaluated by free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals comparing with standard ascorbic acid, quercetin, and catechin. Results indicated that methanolic extracts showed exceptionally higher radical scavenging activity compared with n-hexane crude extract with IC50 44.21 µg/mL and 302.41 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, fractions ALM 2 (aqueous: methanol; 50: 50) exhibited the highest scavenging activity with the IC50 of 12.46 µg/mL followed by ALM 1 (aqueous: methanol; 80: 20) with 51.44 µg/mL, ALM 3 (aqueous: methanol; 20: 80) with 54.39 µg/mL and ALM 4 (100% methanol) with 89.02 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, ALM 2 could be potentially applied as a natural antioxidant agent in both food, nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals fields for health promotion. However, ALM 2 has to be further purified to study the constituents which possibly condensed mainly with phenolic and flavonoids that known to possess the highest antioxidant effects.

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Dai, De-shu, Xiang Liu, Yang Yang, Xiao-mei Luo, Ren-xian Tang, Zhong-cheng Yin, and Hong-qi Ren. "Protective Effect of Salvia Przewalskii Extract on Puromycin-Induced Podocyte Injury." American Journal of Nephrology 42, no. 3 (2015): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000440851.

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Background: To determine the effect of Salvia przewalskii extract (SPE) from total phenolic acids on puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced rat podocyte injury. Methods: The rats were divided into groups that were treated with either PAN only or PAN followed by tacrolimus or SPE. We evaluated the effects of SPE on podocyte injury 5, 10, 15 and 21 days following treatment. Results: (1) Proteinuria was observed starting on day 5 in all groups. The peak levels of proteinuria differed among the groups with tacrolimus and high-dose SPE, which significantly decreased proteinuria relative to the PAN and low- and medium-dose SPE groups. The proteinuria in each group decreased by day 15 and returned to a normal level by day 21. (2) H&E and PAS staining revealed no abnormality in glomerular morphology. With electron microscopy, we observed foot process effacement in the rats of all groups starting on day 5, but rats in the tacrolimus and high-dose SPE groups exhibited a lower degree. (3) IHC staining of nephrin and podocin revealed unaffected expression and better linear distributions in the high-dose SPE and tacrolimus groups. Western blot analysis confirmed that SPE could improve the expression of proteins. (4) The mRNA levels of nephrin and podocin in the tacrolimus and high-dose SPE groups were significantly higher than that in the others. Conclusion: In our study, we first demonstrated the ability of SPE to reduce proteinuria, preserve the morphology and structure of podocytes and retain the levels of slit diaphragm proteins on PAN-induced rat podocytes injury.

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Subramanian, K., G. Harivignesh, and A. Jeevitha. "The in vitro release features of 5-Fluorouracil from tablets with chitosan, soy protein extract and chitosan-soyprotein extract blend as carriers and their thermal degradation characteristics." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/257rjce10421.

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Natural polymers are finding widespread applications in drug delivery, scaffold fabrication, bio plastic production, food packaging, wound dressing etc. due to their availability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewable nature, ease of modification to achieve the desirable properties etc. In the present study, the commercially available soy protein extract (SPE), chitosan(CSN) and their physical blend(CSN-SPE) have been chosen as drug carrier matrices to campare their in vitro drug release features in simulated intestinal fluid for controlled release applications taking 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a typical drug. The percentages of 5-FU released from the SPE, CSN and CSN-SPE tablets as a function of time were quantified by reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography using KH2PO4 solution (pH 6.8) as the mobile phase and C-18 column as the stationery phase. The observed drug release features were found to be different for these polymer carriers. The percentages of drug released during the initial periods upto 60 min were less in the CSN-SPE tablet than those observed for CSN and SPE tablets. This implied that the drug release rate can be modified by the proper choice of natural polymers in the blends as carriers. The thermal degradation characteristics of CSN, SPE and CSN-SPE blend and their 5-FU tablets were also analysed by simultaneous Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Comparative analysis of the TG and DTA traces of these polymers and their 5-FU tablets implied that there may be a drug-matrix interaction. This along with different degrees of swellability and degradability of these polymers might account for the differences in the drug release features. The structures of CSN, SPE and CSN-SPE blend were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy.

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Lambert, Maja, Dan Stærk, Steen Honoré Hansen, and Jerzy W. Jaroszewski. "HPLC-SPE-NMR hyphenation in natural products research: optimization of analysis ofCroton membranaceus extract." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 43, no. 9 (2005): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1613.

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Vedavanam, Krishnaveni, Sairavee Srijayanta, James O’Reilly, Amala Raman, and Helen Wiseman. "Antioxidant action and potential antidiabetic properties of an isoflavonoid-containing soyabean phytochemical extract (SPE)." Phytotherapy Research 13, no. 7 (November 1999): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199911)13:7<601::aid-ptr550>3.0.co;2-o.

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Tuzimski, Tomasz, and Szymon Szubartowski. "Method Development for Selected Bisphenols Analysis in Sweetened Condensed Milk from a Can and Breast Milk Samples by HPLC–DAD and HPLC-QqQ-MS: Comparison of Sorbents (Z-SEP, Z-SEP Plus, PSA, C18, Chitin and EMR-Lipid) for Clean-Up of QuEChERS Extract." Molecules 24, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112093.

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Background: Identification and quantitative determination of analytes released from the packaging material is undoubtedly a difficult and tricky task, requiring the chemical analyst to develop an individual approach to obtain reliable analytical information. Unfortunately, it is still challenging for scientists to determine bisphenols at trace or even ultra-trace levels in samples characterized by a very complex, and often variable, matrix composition. Objective: Optimization and application of QuEChERS/d-SPE coupled with HPLC-DAD (and LC-QqQ-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols (A, S, F, B, BADGE and derivatives) in milk samples from a can and breast milk samples have been performed. Methods: Concerning the analysis of unconjugated analytes, after the thawing and shaking the sample (5 mL breast milk or 10 mL milk samples from a can), it was transferred into a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. For the analysis of the total amount of analytes, prior to the extraction with acetonitrile, a deconjugation step was implemented in a tube by adding to sample, the an Isotopically Labelled Internal Standard (IS) solution (50 ng/mL) and 1 mL of the enzymatic solution with the β-Glucuronidase (3500 U/mL). The mix was homogenized and incubated for 16–18 h at 37 °C. Next, 10 mL of acetonitrile, and a QuEChERS salt packet (4 g anhydrous MgSO4, 1 g NaCl) were added. After shaking and centrifugation, the total acetonitrile layer was isolated in a polypropylene tube evaporate to dryness, and reconstitute in 1.2 mL acetonitrile. During d-SPE step the extract was transferred into a 15 mL polypropylene tube with Z-Sep and primary secondary amine (PSA). Next, shake the tube, store in fridge, and centrifuge for 15 min. The acetonitrile supernatant was obtained with a pipette and evaporated to dryness. Mixture MeOH: water (20:80, v/v) were added to the dry residue and the extract was reconstitute in 200 μL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC–QqQ-MS equipment. Conclusion: Six different salts during d-SPE step were evaluated such as: zirconium dioxide-based sorbent (Z-Sep, Z-Sep Plus), primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecyl (C18), EMR-Lipid, Chitin and also their mixtures. Negligible matrix interference was observed for most of the analytes due to application of Z-Sep and PSA in dispersive-solid phase extraction clean-up step. Extraction of target analytes was performed using QuEChERS/d-SPE cleanup, and presents good performance for selected analytes with recoveries in the range of 15–103% and relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 10% in breast milk samples.

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Choi, Young Hae, and Robert Verpoorte. "Metabolomics: What You See is What You Extract." Phytochemical Analysis 25, no. 4 (June 17, 2014): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2513.

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Tolpeznikaite, Ernesta, Vadims Bartkevics, Modestas Ruzauskas, Renata Pilkaityte, Pranas Viskelis, Dalia Urbonaviciene, Paulina Zavistanaviciute, Egle Zokaityte, Romas Ruibys, and Elena Bartkiene. "Characterization of Macro- and Microalgae Extracts Bioactive Compounds and Micro- and Macroelements Transition from Algae to Extract." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092226.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of macroalgae (Cladophora rupestris, Furcellaria lumbricalis, Ulva intestinalis) and microalgae (Arthrospira platensis (Sp1, Sp2), Chlorella vulgaris) extracts, including micro- and macroelement transition to extract, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, the concentrations of chlorophyll (-a, -b), and the total carotenoid concentration (TCC). In macroalgae, the highest TCC and chlorophyll content were found in C. rupestris. In microalgae, the TCC was 10.1-times higher in C. vulgaris than in Sp1, Sp2; however, the chlorophyll contents in C. vulgaris samples were lower. A moderate negative correlation was found between the chlorophyll-a and TCC contents (r = −0.4644). In macroalgae extract samples, C. rupestris and F. lumbricalis showed the highest total phenolic compound content (TPCC). DPPH antioxidant activity and TPCC in microalgae was related to the TCC (r = 0.6191, r = 0.6439, respectively). Sp2 extracts inhibited Staphylococcus haemolyticus; C. rupestris, F. lumbricalis, U. intestinalis, and Sp2 extracts inhibited Bacillus subtilis; and U. intestinalis extracts inhibited Streptococcus mutans strains. This study showed that extraction is a suitable technology for toxic metal decontamination in algae; however, some of the desirable microelements are reduced during the extraction, and only the final products, could be applied in food, feed, and others.

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HIRABAYASHI, Keiji, Maho ISHIDA, Masatoshi SUZUKI, Keitaro YAMANOUCHI, and Masugi NISHIHARA. "Characterization and functional analysis of the 5′-flanking region of the mouse 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene." Biochemical Journal 382, no. 3 (September 7, 2004): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040276.

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20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD), which metabolizes progesterone to an inactive steroid in the corpus luteum of mice and rats but not of humans, is thought to play a crucial role in shortening the oestrous cycles in these rodent species. We determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5′-flanking region of the mouse 20α-HSD gene, and examined its promoter activity using a rat luteinized granulosa cell culture. A reporter assay, using reporter constructs of various lengths of the 5′-flanking region, revealed that the region between −83 and 60 bp upstream of the transcription start site was essential for transcriptional activity. Furthermore, mutational analysis demonstrated that a putative Sp1 site in this region was critical to the expression of the reporter gene. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays showed that the interaction of proteins in a nuclear extract from rat luteinized granulosa cells with this region was inhibited by a competitor having the wild-type Sp1 sequence in its promoter, but not a mutated Sp1 sequence. Supershift analysis confirmed that Sp1 and Sp3 were present in the nuclear extract of these cells, and that these factors bound to the element. Finally, promoter activity was elevated by the co-transfection of an Sp1 expression vector, and, to a lesser extent, by an Sp3 expression vector, supporting further the involvement of these factors in the expression of the 20α-HSD gene.

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Mahdavi, Behnam, Toktam Hajar, Alireza Ghodsi, Majid Mohammadhosseini, Mohammad Mehmandost, and Elahe Talebi. "Antidiabetic effect of Sophora pachycarpa seeds extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: a statistical evaluation." Journal of Investigative Medicine 69, no. 6 (April 12, 2021): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-001818.

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Undoubtedly, identification of the chemical composition of organic extracts or secondary metabolites of plant materials and evaluation of their potential bioactivity are among the main objectives of natural products-based investigations. In the present study, we report the chemical composition and antidiabetic activity of Sophora pachycarpa (Family Fabaceae) seeds extract (SPE) for the first time. First, the plant seeds were macerated in ethanol. The extract was subjected to analysis on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system to identify the chemical composition. In vivo assay was run to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the extract. Forty mice were divided into four groups, namely healthy mice, untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with metformin and diabetic mice treated with SPE. The antidiabetic activity of SPE was analyzed using three statistical methods, namely analysis of variance, K-means, and principal component analysis. According to GC-MS analysis, alkaloids of sophoridine, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid were among the most abundant constituent components of SPE. The extract also exhibited a notable antidiabetic activity and remarkably decreased the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) enzymes. The statistical analyses revealed there are no significant differences between the ability of SPE and metformin in the regulation of fasting blood sugar level and liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT, and SGOT). A quinolizidine alkaloid, namely sophoridine, along with fatty acids, viz oleic, linoleic, and n-hexadecanoic acid, were characterized as the major compounds in S. tachycardia seeds extract. The plant extract was also found as a potent agent to reduce blood glucose and liver enzymes.

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Choi, Jin Kyeong, Hyun-Mee Oh, Soyoung Lee, Taeg Kyu Kwon, Tae-Yong Shin, Mun-Chual Rho, and Sang-Hyun Kim. "Salvia plebeia Suppresses Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 42, no. 04 (January 2014): 967–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1450061x.

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Salvia plebeia R. Br. (Lamiaceae) has been used for folk medicines in Asian countries, including Korea and China, to treat skin inflammatory diseases and asthma. In this study, we investigated the effects of S. plebeia extract (SPE) on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions and defined underlying mechanisms of action. We established an AD model in BALB/c mice by repeated local exposure of house dust mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the ears. Repeated alternative treatment of DFE/DNCB caused AD-like skin lesions. The oral administration of SPE decreased AD symptoms based on ear thickness and histopathological analysis, in addition to serum IgE and IgG2a levels. SPE suppressed mast cell infiltration into the ear and serum histamine level. SPE inhibited Th1/Th2/Th17 phenotype CD4+ T lymphocytes expansion in the lymph node and the expression of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in the ear tissue. To define the underlying mechanisms of action, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ activated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) model was used. SPE significantly suppressed the expression of cytokines and chemokines through the down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-κB, and STAT1 in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SPE might be a candidate for the treatment of AD.

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Sciaudone, Guido, Gianluca Pellino, Alfonso Fiorelli, Giuseppe Candilio, and Francesco Selvaggi. "Transtube Exploration With Flexible Bronchoscope to Extract Trapped Abdominal Drains." Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sle.0b013e31828e3882.

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Lee, Sung-Kwang. "On-line SPE-HPLC Method using Alumina Filtering to Selectively Extract Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Water." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 31, no. 12 (December 20, 2010): 3755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3755.

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Sun, Simei, Tianyi Li, Li Jin, Zhe Hao Piao, Bin Liu, Yuhee Ryu, Sin Young Choi, et al. "Dendropanax morbifera Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting the Sp1/GATA4 Pathway." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 46, no. 05 (January 2018): 1021–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x18500532.

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An extract of Dendropanax morbifera branch exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticancer activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Phalloidin staining showed that treatment with the extract dramatically prevents isoproterenol-induced H9c2 cell enlargement and the expression of cardiac hypertrophic marker genes, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Further, pretreatment with the extract decreased isoproterenol-induced GATA4 and Sp1 expression in H9c2 cells. Overexpression of Sp1 induced the expression of GATA4. The forced expression of Sp1 or its downstream target GATA4, as well as the co-transfection of Sp1 and GATA4 increased the expression of ANP, which was decreased by treatment with the extract. To further elucidate the regulation of the Sp1/GATA4-mediated expression of ANP, knockdown experiments were performed. Transfection with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for Sp1 or GATA4 decreased ANP expression. The extract did not further inhibit the expression of ANP reduced by the transfection of GATA4 siRNA. Sp1 knockdown did not affect the expression of ANP that was induced by the overexpression of GATA4; however, GATA4 knockdown abolished the expression of ANP that had been induced by Sp1 overexpression. The extract treatment also attenuated the isoproterenol-induced activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK1. Hesperidin, catechin, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and salicylic acid are the main phenolic compounds present in the extract as observed by high performance liquid chromatography. Hesperidin and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. These findings suggest that the D. morbifera branch extract prevents cardiac hypertrophy by downregulating the activation of Sp1/GATA4 and MAPK signaling pathways.

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Krynitsky, Alexander J., Steven J. Stout, Huns Nejad, and Thomas C. Cavalier. "Multiresidue Determination and Confirmation of Imidazolinone Herbicides in Soil by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.4.956.

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Abstract A new multiresidue method was developed to determine 6 imidazolinone herbicides in 5 different soil types, using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESMS). Good recoveries and sensitivity were obtained for the compounds investigated at the 2.0 ppb limit of quantitation. A 50 g portion of soil was extracted with 0.5N NaOH. A portion of the extract was acidified to precipitate humic acids, and the supernatant was loaded onto a preconditioned tC-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and eluted with ethyl acetate. Further cleanup was achieved by using a tandem strong-anion-ex- change SPE/strong-cation-exchange (SCX) SPE. Analytes were eluted from the SCX SPE with saturated KCI in methanol. After cleanup, the sample was desalted with an RP-102 SPE cartridge. Quantitation was achieved by monitoring the [M + H]+ ions for each compound, with a time-scheduled selective-ion-monitoring program (positive mode). The extraction and cleanup procedure produced a purified extract for MS confirmation using 3 ions with “in-source” collision-induced dissociation.

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Harshaw, Diane, Lutfun Nahar, Brahmachari Vadla, Gadria Saif-E-Naser, and Satyajit Sarker. "Bioactivity of Rumex obtusifolius (Polygonaceae)." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 2 (2010): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1002387h.

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Rumex obtusifolius L. (Polygonaceae), commonly known as 'broad-leaf dock', is one of the most common Irish wayside weeds, and it also occurs in silage fields, on river banks, in ditches and on waste grounds. The ethnobotanical uses of this species include its use as an antidote to nettle, depurative, astringent, laxative, and tonic, and in the treatment of sores, blisters, burns, cancer and tumors. The bioactivities of n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of the leaves of R. obtusifolius were assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the newly developed micro-titer-based antimicrobial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and the brine shrimp lethality assay. The most potent free radical scavenging activity was displayed by the MeOH extract with a RC50 value of 7.80 x 10-2 mg/mL. Among the fractions obtained from solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the MeOH extract, the 50% aqueous methanolic SPE fraction exhibited the highest levels of free radical scavenging property (RC50 = 1.05 x 10-2 mg/mL). While the n-hexane extract did not show any antibacterial activity at test concentrations, the DCM extract was active only against Escherichia coli. However, the MeOH extract as well as the 50% and 80% SPE fractions of the MeOH extract showed significant antibacterial property against all bacterial strains tested. None of the extracts or fractions exhibited any significant toxicity towards brine shrimps.

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Liu, Jingwen, Suting Luo, Jun Yang, Fazheng Ren, Yu Zhao, Hailing Luo, Keshan Ge, and Hao Zhang. "The Protective Effect of Sheep Placental Extract on Concanavalin A-induced Liver Injury in Mice." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010028.

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Though the biological effects of human placental extract have been widely studied, it has limited availability and its use poses ethical problems. Thus, domestic animal placental extracts are suggested as alternatives. In this study, the protective effect of sheep placental extract (SPE) on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury was investigated. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, including one normal group and five experimental groups, which received different oral doses of SPE (0, 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg) or a mixture of amino acids for 3 days before Con A injection. Compared with Con A-induced model group, the SPE administration significantly decreased serum aminotransaminase activity, alleviated pathological changes, recovered liver antioxidant capacity and prevented the increase of nitric oxide. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum decreased and mRNA expression of hepatic intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interferon-inducible chemokine 10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were downregulated, while B-cell lymphoma-2 expression increased. The administration of amino acids mixture had no significant effect in most measurements compared with the model group, which indicated proteins and peptides, rather than individual amino acid, were largely responsible for the bioactivity of SPE. The results indicate SPE has potential therapeutic effects against immune-mediated hepatitis.

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Geng, Ping, Qing Shan Liu, Kebaituli Gulibanumu, Xu Li, Ke Qin Li, and Xiao Ying Yin. "Practice and Synthetize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Seperating Target Neuro-Protective Compounds from TCM with Less Pollution." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.239.

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials that can be the environmental protection extraction method in TCM research and industry. They can overcome the defects of traditional extract methods and environmental pollution. In our research, MIPs were prepared by precipitation polymerization with neuro-protective picroside I and ginsenoside Rb1 as the template molecule. Moreover, the morphology of MIPs was characterized by electron microscope scanning and the static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. Finally, MIPs were made into MIP-SPE columns to enrich the template molecule and its analogues comparing with C18-SPE column and the results show that MIPs have good affinity and selectivity towards the Rb1 and Picroside I in SPE columns. This research may offer a more environmentally friendly method to extract active compounds in the traditional herbal.

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AHMED, Usman, MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH, S. I. AHMED, and Hafiz Muhammad Ilyas. "METHANOLIC EXTRACT." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 04 (August 7, 2012): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.04.2284.

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Purpose of Study: The aim of this study is to look at the plant based such compounds that are known to have hepatoprotectivepotential. With above perspective, the study has been planned to see the hepatoprotective potential. To see hepatoprotective effect on theenzyme levels and histopathology. With the help of this study, some new hepatoprotective compound may be discovered which will help indeveloping an effective medicine. Material & Methods: The extract of Melia azedarch’s flower was screened for hepato protective effect. Albinorats were administered with carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) for inducing liver damage. Results: The effect of the extract was evaluated bymeasuring the liver enzymes like SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bilirubin and Gamma-GT in the serum. In the extract treated animals, there wassignificant decrease in liver enzyme levels. This observation leads to the conclusion that Melia flower extract possesses hepato protectiveactivity. The hepato protective activity of the methanolic extract was compared with standard Poly herbal formulation named Jigrine CL.Conclusion: In our study, we found the extract of Melia Azedarach (Flowers) has strong hepatoprotective activity.

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Gennari, Mara, Alessandro Cignetti, and Michéle Négre. "Determination of Tolclofos-Methyl in Soil and Lettuce by Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 6 (November 1, 1997): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.6.1298.

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Abstract Two simple methods for the determination of tolclofos-methyl in soil and lettuce are presented. Soil samples were extracted with a methanol–water solution (9 + 1, v/v). The extract was cleaned up on a LC C18 SPE cartridge. The method was tested on 4 soils having very different physico-chemical characteristics and gave recoveries > 70% and a determination limit of 0.02 mg/kg soil. Lettuce samples were extracted with n-hexane. The extract was cleaned up on florisil SPE cartridges. The recoveries were > 83% and the determination limit was 0.01 mg/kg lettuce.

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Benbow, Timothy J., Alan R. Hayman, Robert Van Hale, and Russell Frew. "Preparation of aqueous fatty acids for hydrogen and carbon stable isotope analysis by solid phase extraction." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 4 (2013): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12192.

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Stable isotope analyses of fatty acids in environmental waters provides important information as to their source(s). Analysis is often confounded due to low concentrations of fatty acids and/or a complex sample matrix requiring separation of the target analyte. The purpose of this study was to validate a method to extract fatty acids from natural waters using solid phase extraction (SPE) before compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Three SPE cartridges and multiple eluting solvents were tested to determine the efficiency, isotopic fractionation, and reproducibility of each extraction technique. Our results indicated that surface-modified styrene divinylbenzene cartridges, when eluted with methanol, caused negligible fractionation of the hydrogen isotopes and minimal fractionation of the carbon isotopes, but that isotopic fractionation occurred when compounds were only partially eluted from SPE cartridges. Compounds were also extracted from landfill leachate using both SPE and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). The hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of compounds extracted from water using either method were within experimental precision and the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of all but one fatty acid were within experimental precision. Therefore, these experiments prove the aforementioned SPE methods to be a convenient and precise method to extract fatty acids from natural waters before CSIA.

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Oshima, Harumi, Eiji Ueno, Isao Saito, and Hiroshi Matsumoto. "Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction Method for Determination of Pheophorbide a and Pyropheophorbide a in Health Foods by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.4.937.

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Abstract A simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the liquid chromatography (LC) determination of pheophorbide (Phor) a and pyropheophorbide (Pyro) a in health foods such as chlorella, spirulina, etc. The food sample was extracted with 85% (v/v) acetone. The extract was acidified with hydrochloric acid and loaded on a C18 cartridge. After washing with water, Phor a and Pyro a were eluted with the LC mobile phase. Phor a and Pyro a were separated by isocratic reversed-phase LC and quantitated by fluorescence detection. The recoveries for spiked samples of chlorella and the extract were 87.1–102.0%. Commercial health foods (chlorella, spirulina, aloe, kale, Jews mallow, and green tea leaves) were analyzed using the SPE method. The values found for Phor a and Pyro a ranged from 2 to 788 μg/g and from <1 to 24 μg/g, respectively. There was no significant difference between the SPE method and the official method in Japan (spectrophotometry after liquid–liquid extraction). The advantages of the SPE method are the short extraction times, lack of emulsions, and reduced consumption of organic solvents compared with the official method in Japan. The SPE method is considered to be useful for the screening of Phor a and Pyro a in health foods.

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Kaipa, Krishnanand N., Joshua D. Langsfeld, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Robot See Robot Do." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 09 (September 1, 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/9.2014-sep-2.

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This article elaborates the concept of programming a robot by showing it how to do the job. This is often called “learning from demonstrations” or “imitation learning.” Labs at several institutions – for example, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, the University of Maryland, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute – are experimenting with technology that may one day make imitation learning common for machines. The underlying idea of this approach is to allow an agent to acquire the necessary details of how to perform a task by observing another agent (who already has the relevant expertise) perform the same task. Usually, the learning agent is a robot and the teaching agent is a human. Often, the goal of imitation learning approaches is to extract some high-level details about how to perform the task from recorded demonstrations. Research into imitation learning has achieved some impressive results ranging from training unmanned helicopters to perform complex maneuvers to teaching robots general-purpose manipulation tasks.

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Affan, Helda Thorikul, Yan Ramona, and Ni Luh Suriani. "Production of Virgin Cococnut Oil (VCO) Catalized by Lactobacillus plantarum and Enzymes Contained in Pineapple Fruit Extract." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2019.v06.i02.p03.

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Indonesia is a tropical country with an area of coconut plantation of 3.7 Ha. The fruits of this plant have been used as materials in the production of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Such oil is known to contain higher Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) or Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) than original frying oil. The MCTs of this oil is very useful to avoid obesity, to reduce total cholesterol as well as to function as anti-microbes. These have been considered as a cheap solution to solve health related problems. The main objective of this research was to produce VCO catalyzed by pure culture of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from a commercial VCO (Vici’O) combined with enzymes extracted from pineapple fruits. The study was conducted at the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Udayana University. The study was started with isolation and identification of Lactobacillus sp. from a commercial VCO. The VCO production method combined the two starters of Lactobacillus isolates (at concentrations of 0 to 10% v/v) and pineapple juice with various volumes (0 to 60 mL). In the first stage of the project, 3 potential Lactobacilli isolates (Sp1, Sp2, and Sp3) were successfully isolated and were confirmed to be Lactobacillus sp. In the main experiment, combination of 10% v/v Lactobacillus starter and 60 mL pineapple juice produced the highest VCO yield (43,17% v/v) with improved organoleptic properties, lower water content, lower saphonification, and lower peroxide than that specified by SNI No 7381: 2008.

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Abaroa-Pérez, B., G. Sánchez-Almeida, J. J. Hernández-Brito, and D. Vega-Moreno. "In Situ Miniaturised Solid Phase Extraction (m-SPE) for Organic Pollutants in Seawater Samples." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7437031.

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Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a consolidated technique for determining pollutants in seawater samples. The current tendency is to miniaturise systems that extract and determine pollutants in the environment, reducing the use of organic solvents, while maintaining the quality in the extraction and preconcentration. On the other hand, there is a need to develop new extraction systems that can be fitted to in situ continual monitoring buoys, especially for the marine environment. This work has developed a first model of a low-pressure micro-SPE (m-SPE) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can be simply applied to in situ monitoring in the marine environment. This system reduces the volumes of sample and solvents required in the laboratory in comparison with conventional SPE. In the future, it could be used in automated or robotic systems in marine technologies such as marine gliders and oceanographic buoys. This system has been optimised and validated to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in seawater samples, but it could also be applied to other kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging pollutants.

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Sun, P., Y. L. Gao, C. Xu, and Y. F. Lian. "Determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by three-dimensional graphene aerogel-based solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." RSC Advances 8, no. 19 (2018): 10277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13316b.

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Kingsley, Karl, Mark A. Keiserman, and Christine J. Bergman. "Interactive effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and soy protein extract (SPE) on oral cancer growth in vitro: evidence for potential functional relationships." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 3, no. 6 (June 11, 2013): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v3i6.54.

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Background: Previous studies have found specific soy isoflavones (Genistein, Daidzein, Glycitein) demonstrate anti-tumor properties against several cancer types, including oral cancer. Few studies have evaluated whole soy extract, containing a combination of these isoflavones and other bioreactive compounds, which may function synergistically and more effectively against oral cancers. Preliminary work by this group has now demonstrated whole soy protein extract (SPE) inhibits oral cancer cell growth specifically and selectively, through independent cell-cycle and apoptotic pathways. However, more recent evidence now suggests that ingestion of vitamin D3, either in dietary foods or supplements may potentiate the activity of soy components and their anti-tumor effects.Objective: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the interactive and inter-connected effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration with the anti-proliferative effects of whole soy protein extract (SPE) on oral cancer and normal cell lines in vitro.Methods: Three oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCC15, SCC25, and CAL27) were treated with 1, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 at physiological concentrations (10-125 nmol). Cell growth was then compared with cell treatment using soy protein extract (SPE) within the normal physiologic range (0 - 10 μM/L). Interactive effects were then evaluated using co-administration of SPE and 1, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed at various time points to determine any changes in mRNA expression for key cell cycle and apoptotic signaling pathway regulators, including p53, c-myc, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), caspase-2, caspase-8, and bax. Results: Administration of 1, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 induced distinct dose-dependent, growth-inhibitory effects in all three oral cancer cell lines examined. These inhibitory effects were comparable to the overall range of growth inhibition induced by SPE. However, the combined effects of co-administration were far greater, suggesting the presence of synergistic relationships between these components. In addition, these results indicate that either treatment alone appeared to modulate mRNA expression of oral cancer cell-cycle promoters c-myc and ODC, as well as the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway, while only 1, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 administration appeared to influence the bax pathway. Conclusion: These results suggest that co-administration with 1, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 and SPE may enhance their anti-tumor effects. This study may help to explain, in part, why balanced diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and soy protein, are associated with protection against development and progression of oral cancers, although further study is needed to develop specific public health recommendations for oral cancer treatment and prevention.Key words: vitamin D, soy extract, whole soy protein, oral cancer, growth inhibition.

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Kingsley, Karl, Khanh Truong, Erik Low, Charles K. Hill, Shruti B. Chokshi, Don Phipps, M. Abigail West, Mark A. Keiserman, and Christine J. Bergman. "Soy Protein Extract (SPE) Exhibits Differential In Vitro Cell Proliferation Effects in Oral Cancer and Normal Cell Lines." Journal of Dietary Supplements 8, no. 2 (May 4, 2011): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2011.571656.

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Smolensky, Dmitriy, Sarah Cox, Stephanie Shames, Leela Noronha, Weiqun Wang, Aubrey Gilchrist, Seong-Ho Lee, Joaquin De Leon, and Ramasamy Perumal. "High Polyphenol Sorghum Extract Attenuates Th2 cytokine Profile and Reduces Growth of Legionella in Raw 264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cell Line." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa068_022.

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Abstract Objectives 1) To evaluate the changes in inflammatory response induced by sorghum polyphenols in activated macrophages and 2) to evaluate possible efficacy of sorghum polyphenols on an opportunistic intracellular pathogen, Legionella pneumophila (LP). Methods Raw 265.7 cells mouse macrophage cells were treated with sorghum phenolic extract (SPE) under control and activating conditions to evaluate the role of SPE in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Study measured: nitric oxide production in the supernatant, mRNA using qPCR array of 84 genes in activated macrophages. Morphological changes were observed, and LC3 protein expression was measured to test for autophagy using western blot. NF-kB and STAT3 nuclear translocation was measured using a fractionization kit, followed by western blot. The replication of LP was measured within RAW 264.7 cells and in vitro (in media without cell presence). Cytotoxicity assay and a western blot apoptosis marker caspase-3 were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of SPE on RAW 264.7 cells. Because LP reproduction within cells is greatly attenuated in the presence of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), LP replication was measured under the presence of TNF neutralizing antibodies. Results SPE decreased nitric oxide production in activated LPS/IFNΥ macrophages although not significantly. SPE attenuated Th2 cytokine response in LPS/IFNΥ activated macrophages by decreasing expression of IL-6 and IL-10 while not changing expression of other inflammatory cytokines. Quantitative PCR data confirmed that genes in the IL-10 and IL-6 pathway were downregulated by cotreatment of SPE and LPS/IFNΥ when compared to LPS/IFNΥ alone. Morphological changes observed exhibited formation of large vacuole like structures. Analysis of LC3 confirmed that autophagy was increased in activated cells treated with SPE. Nuclear fractionization confirmed that STAT3 signaling was attenuated by SPE in activated macrophages. SPE significantly reduced the replication of LP in macrophage cells but not in vitro. The attenuation of LP grown in RAW 264.7 cells was independent of TNF presence. Conclusions This data suggests that sorghum phenolic compounds may have potential pharmaceutical/nutritional uses to combat intracellular pathogens. Funding Sources All funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture.

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Gutierrez-Docio, Alba, Paula Almodóvar, Silvia Moreno-Fernandez, Jose Manuel Silvan, Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez, Gonzalo Luis Alonso, and Marin Prodanov. "Evaluation of an Integrated Ultrafiltration/Solid Phase Extraction Process for Purification of Oligomeric Grape Seed Procyanidins." Membranes 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10070147.

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The effectiveness of a preparative integrated ultrafiltration/solid-phase extraction (UF/SPE) process for purification of oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs) from a crude grape seed extract (GSE) was studied for the first time. The separation of OPCs from polymeric procyanidins (PPCs) by UF was very efficient. The membrane showed an acceptable filtration flux of 6 to 3.5 L/h·m2 at 0.5 bar of transmembrane pressure and 95% recovery of its water flux after chemical cleaning. The process was scalable to a pilot scale. The separation of very polar and ionic species from OPCs by SPE (XAD7HP and XAD16 resins) was also very good, but both adsorbents lost their retention capacities quickly, due probably to irreversible retention of OPCs/PPCs. Even though the global purification of OPCs by the integrated UF/SPE process allowed the recovery of 24.2 g of highly purified OPCs (83% purity) from 14.4 L of crude grape seed extract, the use of these adsorbents for further purification of the OPCs was very limited.

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Singaporewalla, Reyaz M., Daniel E. L. Tan, and Teng K. Tan. "Use of Endoscopic Snare to Extract a Large Rectosigmoid Foreign Body With Review of Literature." Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 17, no. 2 (April 2007): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sle.0b013e318045bf1a.

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Ishola, Hakeem, Elisha Jiya, John Adama, and Olushola Alabi. "Effects of natural antioxidant extract supplementation on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 4 (2020): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2004405i.

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The study examined the effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Namely, 300 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were fed a starter diet from 1 to 4 weeks and a finisher diet for the last 4 weeks. Birds were randomly assigned to treatments based on antioxidant supplementation in drinking water at 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ordinary water (OW), 0.02% sweet orange peel extract (SOPE), 0.02% shaddock peel extract (SHPE) and 0.02% lemon peel extract (LMPE) per litre of water in a completely randomized design experiment. Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded on a weekly basis. Three birds were selected in each treatment and slaughtered for meat quality determination. BHA and LMPE treatments had the best weight gain and feed conversion efficiency at the significance level (p<0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the shear force (force peak and yield) in the dietary antioxidants fed to the birds. Sensory parameters (taste, aroma and overall acceptability) show significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the treatments. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in appearance and texture perception amongst treatments. Finally, significant differences (p<0.05) in the lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of the meat samples were observed amongst the treatments. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the yellowness (b*) amongst the treatments. It can be concluded that broiler birds fed SOPE, SHPE and LMPE treatments performed better and that these treatments enhanced the meat quality of the birds when compared to BHA and OW treatments.

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Hickes, Heidi, and Matthew Watrous. "Multiresidue Method for Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Water by Liquid Chromatography with Confirmation by Capillary Electrophoresis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 6 (November 1, 1999): 1523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.6.1523.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method with comfirmation by capillary electrophoresis was used to determine 12 sulfonylurea herbicides in agricultural water. Analysis of 3 different water matrixes fortified at 2 levels gave good recoveries with adequate sensitivity at the 0.1 ppb level. A portion of the water was acidified with acetic acid and loaded onto an RP-102 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, and the extract was cleaned up on an alumina SPE cartridge. Extracts were desalted with an RP-102 SPE cartridge before instrumentation. Samples needing chemical filtration, such as pond water, required additional cleanup with a SAX SPE cartridge before the alumina cleanup step. Data were compiled for both determinative techniques and evaluated.

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Cho, Hyun-kyung, Yong Seop Han, and Jong Moon Park. "Ocular complications of Garcinia cambogia extract diet pills: Case report." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): NP21—NP26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119872364.

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Background: Garcinia cambogia contains hydroxycitric acid. Hydroxycitric acid is a potent competitive inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase which is a key enzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids. Hydroxycitric acid also regulates the level of serotonin. In these regards, hydroxycitric acid has been reported to exhibit weight loss activity. Adverse reactions of G. cambogia from numerous clinical studies demonstrated relatively mild reactions. However, there are some complications of G. cambogia reported in the past: acute liver injury, acute hepatitis, and hepatic failure. However, ocular complications of G. cambogia have not been reported yet. Case presentation: A 35-year-old female visited our clinic with decreased vision in the left eye and ocular pain in both eyes for the last 6 days. She also complained of headache, dizziness, and nausea. She had taken G. cambogia extract more than the recommended dose. There was myopic shift with anterior chamber shallowing in both eyes, especially in the left eye. Moreover, swelling and retinal folds of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macula were observed in both eyes. These ocular complications of G. cambogia extract resolved after discontinuation of the extract and topical and oral steroid treatment. Herein, we report the first case of ocular complications of G. cambogia extract diet pill assessed with optical coherence tomography of optic disk and macula along with dual Scheimpflug analyzer. Conclusion: It is necessary that physicians dealing with obesity advice patients about possible visual disturbance of this extract when taken in overdose so that they can see an ophthalmologist immediately.

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AlDahmani, Arwa O., Najat K. ElGariani, and Zainab S. Albozidy. "Study the morphological properties of isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on different of plant extract." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.30.

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Five isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated from different plant families: Sca, Scu, Egg, Sep, Sle. The study showed a clear difference between these isolates when studying Their agricultural characteristics, such as the growth and growth rate of mecellium and the production and size of stone bodies between these isolates. All isolates showed growth of transparent mecillium and then evolved and became white cotton on different Nutritious medium. The stone bodies formed in different shapes and sizes depending on themedium and the difference in the number of days of composition. The medium of potatoes, dextrose (PDA) and carrots (CaA) showed the highest growth rate and number of stone bodies of all isolates compared to other.

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Böger, Beatriz, Bianca Do Amaral, Priscila Lagner da Silveira Estevão, Ricardo Wagner, Patricio Guillermo Peralta-Zamora, and Eliane Carneiro Gomes. "Determination of carbamazepine and diazepam by SPE-HPLC-DAD in Belém River water, Curitiba-PR/Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 2 (March 29, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2196.

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This work sought to determine the two psychotropic drugs most commonly released by Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) into urban river waters (Belém sub-basin, Curitiba, PR, Brazil). A simple analytical method using SPE followed by a HPLC–DAD was developed and validated. Strata-X® cartridges were used to extract (carbamazepine) CZ and diazepam (DZ) from water and SPE conditions were optimized by 23 factorial design. The validated method was specific for target compounds; correlation coefficients were above 0.9998, recovery between 85.8 and 98.4% and precision below 6.60% (RSD, n=3). This method was successfully applied to analyze river samples and pollution hotspots were identified. The CZ and DZ concentrations found ranged from 0.670 to 0.856 µg L-1 and from LOQ to 0.763 µg L-1, respectively, and confirmed that drug consumption is directly related to river pollution in the studied region.

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Li, Hongyu, and Elizabeth C. Minor. "Dissolved organic matter in Lake Superior: insights into the effects of extraction methods on chemical composition." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 10 (2015): 1829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em00199d.

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Li, Yinping, Xue Li, and Zhen Zhou. "A novel facile method using polyetheretherketone as a solid phase extraction material for fast quantification of urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." RSC Adv. 4, no. 74 (2014): 39192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05114a.

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A novel facile method using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as a solid phase extraction (SPE) material to extract urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) has been successfully demonstrated.

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Schenck, Frank J., Amy N. Brown, Lynda V. Podhorniak, Alesia Parker, Michelle Reliford, and Jon W. Wong. "A Rapid Multiresidue Method for Determination of Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables by Using Acetonitrile Extraction/Partitioning and Solid-Phase Extraction Column Cleanup." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 422–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.2.422.

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Abstract A modification of a rapid and inexpensive multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables (QuEChERS method) is presented. Samples were extracted by shaking with acetic acidacetonitrile (1 + 99). Water was removed by liquidliquid partitioning with magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate. The extract was subjected to a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) column cleanup, which produced a cleaner extract than did the dispersive SPE cleanup used in the original QuEChERS method. Recovery data were obtained for 316 pesticide residues, at levels ranging from 20 ppb to 1.0 ppm. Data were provided by 3 different laboratories. The modified QuEChERS method resulted in a 65 reduction in solvent usage, when compared with the traditional multiresidue methods previously used in our laboratories.

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Bailey, Roberta JE, Michael A. Birkett, Anna Ingvarsdóttir, A. Jennifer Mordue (Luntz), William Mordue, Bríd O'Shea, John A. Pickett, and Lester J. Wadhams. "The role of semiochemicals in host location and non-host avoidance by salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-231.

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The role and identity of host and non-host chemical cues (semiochemicals) in host location and non-host avoidance for copepodid larvae of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, was investigated using Y-tube behavioural bioassays, solid-phase extraction (SPE), and coupled gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Using artificial seawater conditioned with the preferred salmonid host, Salmo salar, L. salmonis displayed high activation and directional responses in Y-tube assays to salmon-conditioned water (SCW), to an extract of SCW prepared by SPE, and to a vacuum distillate of the SPE extract. Similar responses were observed to two chemicals identified from SCW by coupled GCMS: isophorone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Dose-response studies with isophorone showed that copepodid responses across the range tested were maximised at 0.01 and 0.1 mg·mL1. A mixture of isophorone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one also induced high activation and directional responses. Semiochemicals were also isolated from the non-host fish, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus (Rafinesque)), by SPE and analysed by GCMS. Two non-host-specific chemicals were identified as 2-aminoacetophenone and 4-methylquinazoline. When SCW was mixed with either of the non-host chemicals, activation and directional responses to SCW were eliminated in the Y tube.

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Chiu, Chiz-Hao, Yu-Cheng Chou, Jing-Pin Lin, Chao-Lin Kuo, Hsu-Feng Lu, Yi-Ping Huang, Chien-Chih Yu, Meng-Liang Lin, and Jing-Gung Chung. "Chloroform Extract of Solanum lyratum Induced G0/G1 Arrest via p21/p16 and Induced Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species, Caspases and Mitochondrial Pathways in Human Oral Cancer Cell Lines." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43, no. 07 (January 2015): 1453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x15500822.

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Solanum lyratum (SLEC) Thunberg (Solanaceae) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in China for centuries. Numerous studies have shown that SLEC Thunberg (Solanaceae) extract inhibited cancer cell growth in vitro. Herein, we investigated cell death-induced by EcoAc, water, chloroform, butanol extract of SLEC in human oral cancer cell lines (HSC-3, SAS, and CAL-27) in vitro. Different SLEC extract induced cytotoxic effects in human oral cancer cells were examined by contrast phase microscopy. We selected the chloroform extract of SLEC to examine the cytotoxic effects by using DAPI staining, comet assays, flow cytometric assay, Western blotting and examination of confocal laser microscopy. SLEC decreased the percentage of viable cells, induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. These effects were concentration- and time-dependent manners. SLEC increased protein levels of p21, p16, CDK2, and cyclin D1 in HSC-3, SAS, and CAL-27 cells. Also, SLEC increased CDK6 in HSC-3 and CAL-27 cells, but inhibited CDK6 in SAS cells. Cyclin E in HSC-3 and SAS cells was increased by SLEC, but it was inhibited in CAL-27 cells. SLEC suppressed the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, but increased the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad in HSC-3, SAS, and CAL-27 cells. SLEC promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca[Formula: see text], decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential [Formula: see text]) and stimulated NO production in HSC-3, SAS, and CAL-27 cells. Specific caspase inhibitors (caspase-8 inhibitor: Z-IETD-FMK; caspase-9 inhibitor: Z-LEHD-FMK and caspase-3 inhibitor: Z-DEVD-FMK) for caspase-8, -9, and -3 blocked SLE-activated caspase-8, -9, and -3 activities which were associated with an increase in the percentage of viable cells. Taken together, SLE induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis via extrinsic- and intrinsic-dependent pathways in HSC-3, SAS, and CAL-27 cells.

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Cocelli, Gizem, Mustafa Pehlivan, and Onder Yumrutas. "Sideritis perfoliata inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and exhibits cellular antioxidant activity in cervical cancer cells." Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas 20, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.21.20.4.29.

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In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Sideritis perfoliata methanolic extract (SPE) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Different doses (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) of SPE were used to determine proliferation of HeLa cells by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining method. Induction of apoptosis was determined by Annexine-V and propidium iodide staining method. Interleukin (IL) 6-8 levels were measured by ELISA method. Antioxidant activities of SPE were determined by DPPH, DNA (plasmid pBR322) protecting and cellular antioxidant activity tests. Some phytochemicals of SPE were also screened by LC-MS-MS. It was determined that SPE reduced the proliferation of HeLa cells and also induced apoptosis. IL6-8 levels importantly decreased at 200 µg/mL. SPE exhibited moderately antioxidant activities in tests used. Among the phenolics identified, vanillic acid had the highest amount. As a result, it was determined to have the anticancer activity of SPE by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and decreasing IL6-8 in HeLa cells.

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Hong, Yong-Han, Li-Wen Weng, Chi-Chang Chang, Hsia-Fen Hsu, Chao-Ping Wang, Shih-Wei Wang, and Jer-Yiing Houng. "Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofSiegesbeckia orientalisEthanol Extract inIn VitroandIn VivoModels." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/329712.

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This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory responses and mechanisms ofSiegesbeckia orientalisethanol extract (SOE). In cell culture experiments, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SOE and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for inflammatory mediators assay. In animal experiments, mice were tube-fed with SOE for 1 week, and s.c. injected withλ-carrageenan or i.p. injected with LPS to simulate inflammation. The degree of paw edema was assessed, and cytokine profile in sera and mouse survival were recorded. Data showed that SOE significantly reduced NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.In vivostudies demonstrated that mice supplemented with 32 mg SOE/kg BW/day significantly lowered sera IL-6 level and resulted a higher survival rate compared to the control group (P=0.019). Furthermore, SOE inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by blocking the degradation of IκB-α. The SOE also reduced significantly the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, thein vitroandin vivoevidence indicate that SOE can attenuate acute inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators via suppression of MAPKs- and NF-κB-dependent pathways.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Extrakce SPE'

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