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Journal articles on the topic 'Extrapolation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Zhu, X., and T. Wiegelmann. "Toward a fast and consistent approach to modeling solar magnetic fields in multiple layers." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (January 28, 2022): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141505.

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Aims. We aim to develop a fast and consistent extrapolation method for modeling multiple layers of the solar atmosphere. Methods. The new approach combines the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation, which models the solar low atmosphere in a flat box, together with the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation, which models the solar corona with a chromospheric vector magnetogram deduced from the MHS extrapolation. We tested our code with a snapshot of a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a solar flare and we conducted quantitative comparisons based on several metrics. Results

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2

Zhang, Hui, Pan Yu, Xueying Shi, and Lin Li. "A Numerical Study of the Poisson Equation with Arbitrary Domains Based on the Extrapolation Technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2455, no. 1 (2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2455/1/012017.

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Abstract The Poisson equation with arbitrary domains is considered in this paper using an extrapolation technique. The two-dimensional problem is primarily examined, and the extrapolation formulas O2 and O4 are thoroughly deduced. Not only the effect of different extrapolations on boundary point errors is analyzed, but a strategy for selecting extrapolation points is also provided. Finally, numerical accuracy results are presented.

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Zhao, Shuangren, Kang Yang, and Xintie Yang. "Reconstruction from truncated projections using mixed extrapolations of exponential and quadratic functions." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology: Clinical Applications of Diagnosis and Therapeutics 19, no. 2 (2011): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-2011-028400284.

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In computer tomography (CT), truncated projections are produced due to scanning large objects with a detector that is limited in width. Applying filtered back-projection(FBP) method directly to truncated projections, the reconstructed image will contain truncation artifacts – bright rings on the boundary of region of interest (ROI). Extrapolation algorithms can be used to reduce the truncation artifacts; however extrapolations are usually double the length of the projection data; resulting in an increased calculation time. This paper introduces mixed extrapolation, which is a combination of ex

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Cho, Doah, Saskia Cheyne, Sarah J. Lord, John Simes, and Chee Khoon Lee. "Extrapolating evidence for molecularly targeted therapies from common to rare cancers: a scoping review of methodological guidance." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (2022): e058350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058350.

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ObjectivesCancer is increasingly classified according to biomarkers that drive tumour growth and therapies developed to target them. In rare biomarker-defined cancers, randomised controlled trials to adequately assess targeted therapies may be infeasible. Extrapolating existing evidence of targeted therapy from common cancers to rare cancers sharing the same biomarker may reduce evidence requirements for regulatory approval in rare cancers. It is unclear whether guidelines exist for extrapolation. We sought to identify methodological guidance for extrapolating evidence from targeted therapies

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Norozi, Muhammad Ali. "Faster Ranking Using Extrapolation Techniques." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 1, no. 3 (2011): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2011070103.

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Extrapolations are techniques in linear algebra that require little additional infrastructure that must be incorporated in the existing query-dependent Link Analysis Ranking (LAR) algorithms. Extrapolations in LAR settings relies on the prior knowledge of the (iterative) process that created the existing data points (iterates) to compute the new (improved) data point, which periodically leads to the desired solution faster than the original method. In this study, the author presents novel approaches using extrapolation techniques to speed-up the convergence of query-dependent iterative methods

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Zhang, Jie, and George A. McMechan. "Turning wave migration by horizontal extrapolation." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 1 (1997): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444130.

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Conventional migration based on depth stepping extrapolation fails to migrate turning wave energy because of its inability to propagate energy with dips beyond 90°. A viable strategy for imaging turning waves is to use horizontal, rather than depth, extrapolation. This can be implemented by a 90° rotation of the extrapolator so that the data are extrapolated horizontally rather than vertically. In this geometry, the energy associated with turned rays consistently moves in the same direction as the extrapolation, and so only one pass is necessary to image turned reflections. The viability of th

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Clewell, Harvey J., and Melvin E. Andersen. "Risk Assessment Extrapolations and Physiological Modeling." Toxicology and Industrial Health 1, no. 4 (1985): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378500100408.

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The process of assessing the risk associated with human exposure to environmental chemicals inevitably relies on a number of assumptions, estimates and rationalizations. One of the more challenging aspects of risk assessment involves the need to extrapolate beyond the range of conditions used in experimental animal studies to predict anticipated human risks. The most obvious extrapolation required is that from the tested animal species to humans; but others are also generally required, including extrapolating from high dose to low dose, from one route of exposure to another and from one exposu

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8

Zhou, Hongbo, and George A. McMechan. "Rigorous absorbing boundary conditions for 3-D one‐way wave extrapolation." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 2 (2000): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444760.

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Absorbing boundary conditions play an important role in one‐way wave extrapolations by reducing reflections at grid edges. Clayton and Engquist’s 2-D absorbing boundary conditions for one‐way wave extrapolation by depth stepping in the frequency domain are extended to three dimensions using paraxial approximations of the scalar wave equation. Internal consistency is retained by incorporating the interior extrapolation equation with the absorbing boundary conditions. Numerical schemes are designed to make the proposed absorbing boundary conditions both mathematically correct and efficient with

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Kodell, Ralph L., and David W. Gaylor. "Uncertainty of Estimates of Cancer Risks Derived by Extrapolation from High to Low Doses and from Animals to Humans." International Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 4-5 (1997): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158197227062.

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The uncertainties associated with extrapolating model-based cancer risks from high to low doses and animal-based cancer risks to humans are examined. It is argued that low-dose linear extrapolation based on statistical confidence limits calculated from animal data is designed to account for data uncertainty, model-selection uncertainty, and model-fitting instability. The intent is to err on the side of safety, that is, overstating rather than understating the true risk. The tendency toward conservatism in predicting human cancer risks from animal data based on linear extrapolation is confirmed

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Wang, Haijin, Zonghai Zhang, Jiguang Zhang, Yuying Shen, and Jixin Wang. "A Novel Load Extrapolation Method for Multiple Non-Stationary Loads on the Drill Pipe of a Rotary Rig." Machines 12, no. 1 (2024): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12010075.

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The drill pipe of a rotary rig is subject to the dynamic influence of non-stationary loads, including rotation torque and applied force. In order to address the challenge of simultaneously extrapolating multiple non-stationary loads, a novel extrapolation framework is proposed. This framework utilizes rainflow counting to obtain mean and amplitude sequences of the loads. The extreme values of the amplitude sequence are fitted using the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD), while the median values are fitted using the Double Kernel Density Estimation (DKDE). By extrapolating the Inverse Cumula

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Jing, J. R., Q. Li, X. Y. Ding, N. L. Sun, R. Tang, and Y. L. Cai. "AENN: A GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR WEATHER RADAR ECHO EXTRAPOLATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W9 (October 25, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w9-89-2019.

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Abstract. Weather radar echo is one of the fundamental data for meteorological workers to weather systems identification and classification. Through the technique of weather radar echo extrapolation, the future short-term weather conditions can be predicted and severe convection storms can be warned. However, traditional extrapolation methods cannot offer accurate enough extrapolation results since their modeling capacity is limited, the recent deep learning based methods make some progress but still remains a problem of blurry prediction when making deeper extrapolation, which may due to they

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Baranov, L. A., E. P. Balakina, and Yungqiang Zhang. "Prediction error analysis for intelligent management and predictive diagnostics systems." Dependability 23, no. 2 (2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2023-23-2-12-18.

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Random signal prediction is efficient for intelligent management and predictive diagnostics systems. Aim. The paper aims to analyse the error of random signal prediction. To develop recommendations for the selection of random signal extrapolator parameters. Methods. The paper uses the mathematics of the theory of random functions, formalization adopted in the theory of pulse systems, mathematical description of extrapolators with Chebyshev polynomials orthogonal over a set of equally spaced points. The coefficients of the predicting polynomial are selected according to the minimal least square

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Mousa, Wail A., Mirko van der Baan, Said Boussakta, and Desmond C. McLernon. "Designing stable extrapolators for explicit depth extrapolation of 2D and 3D wavefields using projections onto convex sets." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 2 (2009): S33—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3077621.

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We have developed a robust algorithm for designing explicit depth extrapolation operators using the projections-onto-convex-sets (POCS) method. The operators are optimal in the sense that they satisfy all required extrapolation design characteristics. In addition, we propose a simple modification of the POCS algorithm (modified POCS, or MPOCS) that further enhances the stability of extrapolated wavefields and reduces the number of iterations required to design such operators to approximately 2% of that required for the basic POCS design algorithm. Various synthetic tests show that 25-coefficie

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Strzempko, Jessica, and Robert Gilmore Pontius. "The Flow Matrix Offers a Straightforward Alternative to the Problematic Markov Matrix." Land 12, no. 7 (2023): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071471.

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The Flow matrix is a novel method to describe and extrapolate transitions among categories. The Flow matrix extrapolates a constant transition size per unit of time on a time continuum with a maximum of one incident per observation during the extrapolation. The Flow matrix extrapolates linearly until the persistence of a category shrinks to zero. The Flow matrix has concepts and mathematics that are more straightforward than the Markov matrix. However, many scientists apply the Markov matrix by default because popular software packages offer no alternative to the Markov matrix, despite the con

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15

Suominen, Arho, and Marko Seppänen. "Bibliometric data and actual development in technology life cycles: flaws in assumptions." Foresight 16, no. 1 (2014): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-03-2013-0007.

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Purpose – Motivated with the ever growing number of bibliometric trend extrapolation studies, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate through two technologies how the selection of an upper limit of growth affects the correlation and causality of technology development measured with bibliometric data. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses Gompertz and Fisher-Pry curves to model the technological development of white light emitting diodes and flash memory, and show with extrapolation results from several bibliometric sources how a typical bias is caused in trend extrapolations. Findin

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Vassallo, Daniel, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, and Harindra J. S. Fernando. "Decreasing wind speed extrapolation error via domain-specific feature extraction and selection." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 3 (2020): 959–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-959-2020.

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Abstract. Model uncertainty is a significant challenge in the wind energy industry and can lead to mischaracterization of millions of dollars' worth of wind resources. Machine learning methods, notably deep artificial neural networks (ANNs), are capable of modeling turbulent and chaotic systems and offer a promising tool to produce high-accuracy wind speed forecasts and extrapolations. This paper uses data collected by profiling Doppler lidars over three field campaigns to investigate the efficacy of using ANNs for wind speed vertical extrapolation in a variety of terrains, and it quantifies t

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Varandas, A. J. C. "Extrapolation in quantum chemistry: Insights on energetics and reaction dynamics." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 19, no. 07 (2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633620300013.

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Since there is no exact solution for problems in physics and chemistry, extrapolation methods may assume a key role in quantitative quantum chemistry. Two topics where it bears considerable impact are addressed, both at the heart of computational quantum chemistry: electronic structure and reaction dynamics. In the first, the problem of extrapolating the energy obtained by solving the electronic Schrödinger equation to the limit of the complete one-electron basis set is addressed. With the uniform-singlet-and-triplet-extrapolation (USTE) scheme at the focal point, the emphasis is on recent upd

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Gallacher, Daniel, Peter Kimani, and Nigel Stallard. "Extrapolating Parametric Survival Models in Health Technology Assessment Using Model Averaging: A Simulation Study." Medical Decision Making 41, no. 4 (2021): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x21992297.

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Previous work examined the suitability of relying on routine methods of model selection when extrapolating survival data in a health technology appraisal setting. Here we explore solutions to improve reliability of restricted mean survival time (RMST) estimates from trial data by assessing model plausibility and implementing model averaging. We compare our previous methods of selecting a model for extrapolation using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Our methods of model averaging include using equal weighting across models falling within establis

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Wu, Zedong, and Tariq Alkhalifah. "The optimized expansion based low-rank method for wavefield extrapolation." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 2 (2014): T51—T60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0174.1.

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Spectral methods are fast becoming an indispensable tool for wavefield extrapolation, especially in anisotropic media because it tends to be dispersion and artifact free as well as highly accurate when solving the wave equation. However, for inhomogeneous media, we face difficulties in dealing with the mixed space-wavenumber domain extrapolation operator efficiently. To solve this problem, we evaluated an optimized expansion method that can approximate this operator with a low-rank variable separation representation. The rank defines the number of inverse Fourier transforms for each time extra

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20

Cerrini, Angela, P. Johannesson, and Stefano Beretta. "Superposition of Manoeuvres and Load Spectra Extrapolation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 5-6 (October 2006): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.5-6.255.

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To face the increasing demand for long lasting, versatile and performing machines, a detailed analysis of the load conditions is required especially when structural integrity assessment has to be achieved. Usually acquisitions of load histories are shorter than the machine working life and an extrapolation of the signal for the total service life is needed. Traditional methods for load spectra extrapolation are based on conservative choices in terms of worst case scenario. Methods based on extreme value statistics have been developed. The problem addressed in this paper concerns the extrapolat

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Zhao, Ziqi, Chunxu Duan, Lin Song, Qilin Zhang, Wenda Zhu, and Yi Liu. "MissPred: A Robust Two-Stage Radar Echo Extrapolation Algorithm for Incomplete Sequences." Remote Sensing 17, no. 12 (2025): 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17122066.

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Radar echo extrapolation based on real-world data is a fundamental problem in meteorological forecasting. Existing extrapolation models typically assume complete radar echo sequences, but in practice, data loss frequently occurs due to equipment failures and communication disruptions. Although traditional solutions can handle missing values through a interpolation-then-prediction pipeline, they suffer from a major limitation: interpolating the missing data and then extrapolating will introduce a cumulative error. To address these issues, we propose MissPred, a radar echo extrapolation model sp

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Li, Ren, Yanan Cao, Qiannan Zhu, et al. "How Does Knowledge Graph Embedding Extrapolate to Unseen Data: A Semantic Evidence View." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 5 (2022): 5781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i5.20521.

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Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) aims to learn representations for entities and relations. Most KGE models have gained great success, especially on extrapolation scenarios. Specifically, given an unseen triple (h, r, t), a trained model can still correctly predict t from (h, r, ?), or h from (?, r, t), such extrapolation ability is impressive. However, most existing KGE works focus on the design of delicate triple modeling function, which mainly tells us how to measure the plausibility of observed triples, but offers limited explanation of why the methods can extrapolate to unseen data, and wha

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Hale, Dave. "Stable explicit depth extrapolation of seismic wavefields." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 11 (1991): 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442989.

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Stability has traditionally been one of the most compelling advantages of implicit methods for seismic wavefield extrapolation. The common 45-degree, finite‐difference migration algorithm, for example, is based on an implicit wavefield extrapolation that is guaranteed to be stable. Specifically, wavefield energy will not grow exponentially with depth as the wavefield is extrapolated downwards into the subsurface. Explicit methods, in contrast, tend to be unstable. Without special care in their implementation, explicit extrapolation methods cause wavefield energy to grow exponentially with dept

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van Eerden, Ruben A. G., Esther Oomen-de Hoop, Aad Noordam, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, and Stijn L. W. Koolen. "Feasibility of Extrapolating Randomly Taken Plasma Samples to Trough Levels for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Purposes of Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2 (2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020119.

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Small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) are widely used in oncology. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for SMKIs could reduce underexposure or overexposure. However, logistical issues such as timing of blood withdrawals hamper its implementation into clinical practice. Extrapolating a random concentration to a trough concentration using the elimination half-life could be a simple and easy way to overcome this problem. In our study plasma concentrations observed during 24 h blood sampling were used for extrapolation to trough levels. The objective was to demonstrate that extrapolation of rando

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Cui, Yibo, Tianhong Zhang, Zhaohui Cen, Younes Al-Younes, and Elias Tsoutsanis. "A Novel Curve-and-Surface Fitting-Based Extrapolation Method for Sub-Idle Component Characteristics of Aeroengines." Aerospace 12, no. 6 (2025): 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060538.

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The component characteristics of an aeroengine below idle speed are fundamental for start-up process simulations. However, due to experimental limitations, these characteristics must be extrapolated from data above idle speed. Existing extrapolation methods often suffer from insufficient utilization of available data, reliance on specific prior conditions, and an inability to capture unique operating modes (e.g., the stirring mode and turbine mode of compressor). To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel curve-and-surface fitting-based extrapolation method. The key innovations

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Khosrowi, Donal. "When Experiments Need Models." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 51, no. 4 (2021): 400–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00483931211008542.

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This paper argues that an important type of experiment-target inference, extrapolating causal effects, requires models to be successful. Focusing on extrapolation in Evidence-Based Policy, it is argued that extrapolation should be understood not as an inference from an experiment to a target directly, but as a hybrid inference that involves experiments and models. A general framework, METI, is proposed to capture this role of models, and several benefits are outlined: (1) METI highlights epistemically significant interactions between experiments and models, (2) reconciles some differences amon

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Mittet, Rune, Roger Sollie, and Ketil Hokstad. "Prestack depth migration with compensation for absorption and dispersion." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 5 (1995): 1485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443882.

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In prestack depth migration using explicit extrapolators, the attenuation and dispersion of the seismic wave has been neglected so far. We present a method for accommodating absorption and dispersion effects in depth migration schemes. Extrapolation operators that compensate for absorption and dispersion are designed using an optimization algorithm. The design criterion is that the wavenumber response of the operator should equal the true extrapolator. Both phase velocity and absorption macro models are used in the wavefield extrapolation. In a model with medium to high absorption, the images

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Shur, P. Z., and А. А. Khasanova. "Criteria eligible for establishing reference concentrations of adverse chemicals under chronic inhalation exposure by extrapolation of the existing parameters." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2024): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.4.03.eng.

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Some chemicals emitted into ambient air do not have eligible parameters for assessing associated non-carcinogenic health risks under chronic inhalation exposure. Therefore, it is relevant to extend the list of reference concentrations (RfC), among other things, to perform health risk assessment within implementation of the Clean Air Federal Project. The same reference concentrations and critical organs and systems can be fixed for different compounds of the same chemical in accordance with the Guide R 2.1.10.3968-23. This makes it possible to establish non-identified RfC values by extrapolatin

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Shur, P. Z., and А. А. Khasanova. "Criteria eligible for establishing reference concentrations of adverse chemicals under chronic inhalation exposure by extrapolation of the existing parameters." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2024): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.4.03.

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Some chemicals emitted into ambient air do not have eligible parameters for assessing associated non-carcinogenic health risks under chronic inhalation exposure. Therefore, it is relevant to extend the list of reference concentrations (RfC), among other things, to perform health risk assessment within implementation of the Clean Air Federal Project. The same reference concentrations and critical organs and systems can be fixed for different compounds of the same chemical in accordance with the Guide R 2.1.10.3968-23. This makes it possible to establish non-identified RfC values by extrapolatin

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Gallacher, Daniel, Peter Auguste, and Martin Connock. "How Do Pharmaceutical Companies Model Survival of Cancer Patients? A Review of NICE Single Technology Appraisals in 2017." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, no. 2 (2019): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319000175.

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AbstractObjectivesBefore an intervention is publicly funded within the United Kingdom, the cost-effectiveness is assessed by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE). The efficacy of an intervention across the patients’ lifetime is often influential of the cost-effectiveness analyses, but is associated with large uncertainties. We reviewed committee documents containing company submissions and evidence review group (ERG) reports to establish the methods used when extrapolating survival data, whether these adhered to NICE Technical Support Document (TSD) 14, and how uncertain

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Damoiseaux, David, Wenlong Li, Alejandra Martínez-Chávez, et al. "Predictiveness of the Human-CYP3A4-Transgenic Mouse Model (Cyp3aXAV) for Human Drug Exposure of CYP3A4-Metabolized Drugs." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 7 (2022): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15070860.

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The extrapolation of drug exposure between species remains a challenging step in drug development, contributing to the low success rate of drug approval. As a consequence, extrapolation of toxicology from animal models to humans to evaluate safe, first-in-human (FIH) doses requires high safety margins. We hypothesized that a human-CYP3A4-expressing transgenic (Cyp3aXAV) mouse is a more predictive model for human drug exposure of CYP3A4-metabolized small-molecule drugs. Population pharmacokinetic models based on wild-type (WT) and Cyp3aXAV mouse pharmacokinetic data of oral lorlatinib, brigatin

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Whitney, David. "Visuomotor extrapolation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 2 (2008): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004044.

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AbstractAccurate perception of moving objects would be useful; accurate visually guided action is crucial. Visual motion across the scene influences perceived object location and the trajectory of reaching movements to objects. In this commentary, I propose that the visual system assigns the position of any object based on the predominant motion present in the scene, and that this is used to guide reaching movements to compensate for delays in visuomotor processing.

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Keating, Mike. "Extrapolation nation." New Scientist 204, no. 2737 (2009): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)63194-8.

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Supp, Georg, Richard Rosedale, and Mark Werneke. "Unjustified extrapolation." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, no. 1 (2017): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.03.008.

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Makai, Mihály. "Richardson Extrapolation." Nuclear Science and Engineering 89, no. 4 (1985): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse85-a18631.

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Vishwanathan, S. V. N., Karsten M. Borgwardt, Omri Guttman, and Alex Smola. "Kernel extrapolation." Neurocomputing 69, no. 7-9 (2006): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2005.12.113.

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Quinlan, Christina. "Extrapolation warning." Canadian Medical Association Journal 189, no. 36 (2017): E1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.733233.

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Guala, Francesco. "Emphasising Extrapolation." Metascience 18, no. 2 (2009): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-009-9286-6.

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Brezinski, C., and M. Redivo-Zaglia. "Extrapolation methods." Applied Numerical Mathematics 15, no. 2 (1994): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9274(94)00015-8.

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Martín, Joaquim, and Mario Milman. "Extrapolation methods and Rubio de Francia's extrapolation theorem." Advances in Mathematics 201, no. 1 (2006): 209–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2005.02.006.

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Jing, Jinrui, Qian Li, and Xuan Peng. "MLC-LSTM: Exploiting the Spatiotemporal Correlation between Multi-Level Weather Radar Echoes for Echo Sequence Extrapolation." Sensors 19, no. 18 (2019): 3988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183988.

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Weather radar echo is the data detected by the weather radar sensor and reflects the intensity of meteorological targets. Using the technique of radar echo extrapolation, which is the prediction of future echoes based on historical echo observations, the approaching short-term weather conditions can be forecasted, and warnings can be raised with regard to disastrous weather. Recently, deep learning based extrapolation methods have been proposed and show significant application potential. However, there are two limitations of existing extrapolation methods which should be considered. First, few

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McConnell, David, Arthur White, Felicity Lamrock, et al. "OP20 Incorporating External Information In Survival Extrapolation Using A Simplified Bayesian Approach." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 40, S1 (2024): S10. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266462324000837.

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IntroductionCost-effectiveness modeling often requires extrapolation of survival data from clinical trials over a long-term horizon. The choice of extrapolation method is often uncertain and can have a profound impact on the results. We propose a novel Bayesian approach towards incorporating external information (e.g., registry data or clinical opinion) into the extrapolation process as a means of reducing this uncertainty.Methods Standard parametric survival curves are fitted to immature time-to-event data using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Separately, external information on expected

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Zhou, Wen, and Jisheng Kou. "Third-Order Newton-Type Methods Combined with Vector Extrapolation for Solving Nonlinear Systems." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/601745.

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We present a third-order method for solving the systems of nonlinear equations. This method is a Newton-type scheme with the vector extrapolation. We establish the local and semilocal convergence of this method. Numerical results show that the composite method is more robust and efficient than a number of Newton-type methods with the other vector extrapolations.

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Mousa, Wail A., Said Boussakta, Desmond C. McLernon, and Mirko Van der Baan. "Implementation of 2D explicit depth extrapolation FIR digital filters for 3D seismic volumes using singular value decomposition." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (2010): V1—V12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3294424.

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We propose a new scheme for implementing predesigned 2D complex-valued wavefield extrapolation finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters, which are used for extrapolating 3D seismic wavefields. The implementation is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of quadrantally symmetric 2D FIR filters (extrapolators). To simplify the SVD computations for such a filter impulse response structure, we apply a special matrix transformation on the extrapolation FIR filter impulse responses where we guarantee the retention of their wavenumber phase response. Unlike the existing 2D FIR filter imple

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Coon, Sidney A., and Michael K. G. Kruse. "Properties of infrared extrapolations in a harmonic oscillator basis." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 05 (2016): 1641011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316410111.

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The success and utility of effective field theory (EFT) in explaining the structure and reactions of few-nucleon systems has prompted the initiation of EFT-inspired extrapolations to larger model spaces in ab initio methods such as the no-core shell model (NCSM). In this contribution, we review and continue our studies of infrared (ir) and ultraviolet (uv) regulators of NCSM calculations in which the input is phenomenological [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] interactions fitted to data. We extend our previous findings that an extrapolation in the ir cutoff with the uv cutoff above t

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Du, Xiang, Paul J. Fowler, and Robin P. Fletcher. "Recursive integral time-extrapolation methods for waves: A comparative review." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 1 (2014): T9—T26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0115.1.

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We compared several families of algorithms for recursive integral time-extrapolation (RITE) algorithms for waves in isotropic and anisotropic media. These methods allow simulating accurate wave extrapolation with little numerical dispersion even when using larger time steps than are usually possible for conventional finite-difference methods. These various RITE algorithms all share the use of mixed space/wavenumber-domain operators derived from Fourier integral solutions of single-mode wave equations. We evaluated a taxonomy for RITE methods based on how they approximated the influence of medi

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Al-Saleh, Saleh M., Gary F. Margrave, and Sam H. Gray. "Direct downward continuation from topography using explicit wavefield extrapolation." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 6 (2009): S105—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3263914.

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Downward-continuation migration algorithms are powerful tools for imaging complicated subsurface structures. However, they usually assume that extrapolation proceeds from a flat surface, whereas most land surveys are acquired over irregular surfaces. Our method downward continues data directly from topography using a recursive space-frequency explicit wavefield-extrapolation method. The algorithm typically handles strong lateral velocity variations by using the velocity value at each spatial position to build the wavefield extrapolator in which the depth step usually is kept fixed. To accommod

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Cho, Doah, Sarah J. Lord, John R. Simes, Wendy Cooper, Saskia Cheyne, and Chee Khoon Lee. "Abstract 5963: A framework for extrapolating evidence for molecularly targeted therapies from common to rare cancers - bridging the gap." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5963.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Advances in understanding of potentially targetable molecular pathways driving carcinogenesis coupled with rapid development of tumor profiling technologies are partitioning cancers into rare biomarker-defined diseases. Assessing biomarker-targeted therapies within these small populations in adequately powered randomized trials is becoming unfeasible, leading to reliance on lower quality evidence from uncontrolled studies using unvalidated surrogate outcomes. When robust evidence for a targeted therapy being considered already exists in common cancers, this evidence may po

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Wang, Xiaoliang, Blythe J. Adamson, Katherine Tan, Shrujal Baxi, Andrew Briggs, and Scott D. Ramsay. "OP520 Evaluating Long-Term Survival From Clinical Trials: Does Real-World Evidence Change the Paradigm?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646232000118x.

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IntroductionBoth patient composition and medical care received in clinical trials may not be representative of clinical practice, yet health technology assessments (HTAs) commonly use extrapolation results from trials to estimate incremental benefit. Due to data limitations, external validation of trial extrapolations are uncommon. With the goal of better estimating the benefit of new therapies in practice, we compared long-term survival estimated from real-world patients who received therapy similar to the comparator arm of the OAK trial, a phase III study of patients with advanced non-small

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Xu, Zhi Qiang, Hong Jian Wang, and Ming Yao Yao. "Load Spectrum Compilation Based on Nonparametric Statistical Extrapolation." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.271.

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Considering the special load characteristics of the wheel loader, thispaper focus on compiling the load spectrum of the transmission of the wheelloader using the nonparametric statistical extrapolation method (NSEM). In thisprocess, the determination of the kernel function shape is the critical issue,which has been discussed in detail. Before extrapolating the sample loadspectrum, the signal denoising of the field-tested time-history load signals isperformed. After that, the sample load cycles are obtained using the rainflowcounting method and the corresponding kernel function shape is determi

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