Journal articles: 'Extreme environments – Microbiology'

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HERBERT, R. "Microbiology of extreme environments." Trends in Biotechnology 8 (1990): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(90)90164-s.

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Eisenberg, Henryk. "Microbiology of extreme environments." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 10 (October 1990): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90245-7.

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Semal, J. "Microbiology of extreme environments." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 18, no. 7-8 (January 1990): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(90)90135-3.

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Fenchel, T. "Microbiology of extreme environments." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 11 (November 1990): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(90)90102-j.

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Battley, Edwin H. "Microbiology of Extreme Environments. Environmental Biotechnology.Clive Edwards." Quarterly Review of Biology 66, no. 3 (September 1991): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/417274.

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Sayed, A. M., M. H. A. Hassan, H. A. Alhadrami, H. M. Hassan, M. Goodfellow, and M. E. Rateb. "Extreme environments: microbiology leading to specialized metabolites." Journal of Applied Microbiology 128, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 630–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.14386.

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Brown, James W. "Microbiology of extreme environments. Environmental biotechnology series." Cell 62, no. 3 (August 1990): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90005-y.

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Wołącewicz, Mikołaj, Dominika Bębnowska, Rafał Hrynkiewicz, and Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej. "VIRUSES OF EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS." Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology 58, no. 4 (2019): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/pm-2019.58.4.447.

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Hu, Xiaozhong. "Ciliates in Extreme Environments." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61, no. 4 (June 2, 2014): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12120.

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Shu, Wen-Sheng, and Li-Nan Huang. "Microbial diversity in extreme environments." Nature Reviews Microbiology 20, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00648-y.

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Fukuba, Tatsuhiro, Akimitsu Miyaji, Takuji Okamoto, Takatoki Yamamoto, Shohei Kaneda, and Teruo Fujii. "Integrated in situ genetic analyzer for microbiology in extreme environments." RSC Advances 1, no. 8 (2011): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ra00490e.

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Le Romancer, Marc, Mélusine Gaillard, Claire Geslin, and Daniel Prieur. "Viruses in extreme environments." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 6, no. 1-3 (September 14, 2006): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-006-0011-2.

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Prins, R. A., W. Vrij, J. C. Gottschal, and Th A. Hansen. "Adaptation of microorganisms to extreme environments." FEMS Microbiology Letters 75, no. 2-3 (June 1990): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04087.x.

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Segal-Kischinevzky, Claudia, Lucero Romero-Aguilar, Luis D. Alcaraz, Geovani López-Ortiz, Blanca Martínez-Castillo, Nayeli Torres-Ramírez, Georgina Sandoval, and James González. "Yeasts Inhabiting Extreme Environments and Their Biotechnological Applications." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2022): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040794.

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Yeasts are microscopic fungi inhabiting all Earth environments, including those inhospitable for most life forms, considered extreme environments. According to their habitats, yeasts could be extremotolerant or extremophiles. Some are polyextremophiles, depending on their growth capacity, tolerance, and survival in the face of their habitat’s physical and chemical constitution. The extreme yeasts are relevant for the industrial production of value-added compounds, such as biofuels, lipids, carotenoids, recombinant proteins, enzymes, among others. This review calls attention to the importance of yeasts inhabiting extreme environments, including metabolic and adaptive aspects to tolerate conditions of cold, heat, water availability, pH, salinity, osmolarity, UV radiation, and metal toxicity, which are relevant for biotechnological applications. We explore the habitats of extreme yeasts, highlighting key species, physiology, adaptations, and molecular identification. Finally, we summarize several findings related to the industrially-important extremophilic yeasts and describe current trends in biotechnological applications that will impact the bioeconomy.

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Kogut, Margot. "Microbiology of extreme environments and its potentials for biotechnology (FEMS symposium 49)." FEBS Letters 265, no. 1-2 (June 4, 1990): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(90)80914-5.

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Hoyoux, Anne, Vinciane Blaise, Tony Collins, Salvino D'Amico, Emmanelle Gratia, Adrienne Louise Huston, Jean-Claude Marx, et al. "Extreme catalysts from low-temperature environments." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 98, no. 5 (January 2004): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(04)00290-7.

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Sivalingam, Periyasamy, Kui Hong, John Pote, and Kandasamy Prabakar. "Extreme Environment Streptomyces: Potential Sources for New Antibacterial and Anticancer Drug Leads?" International Journal of Microbiology 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5283948.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is recognized as one of the greatest threats to public health and in global concern. Consequently, the increased morbidity and mortality, which are associated with multidrug resistance bacteria, urgently require the discovery of novel and more efficient drugs. Conversely, cancer is a growing complex human disease that demands new drugs with no or fewer side effects. Most of the drugs currently used in the health care systems were of Streptomyces origin or their synthetic forms. Natural product researches from Streptomyces have been genuinely spectacular over the recent years from extreme environments. It is because of technical advances in isolation, fermentation, spectroscopy, and genomic studies which led to the efficient recovering of Streptomyces and their new chemical compounds with distinct activities. Expanding the use of the last line of antibiotics and demand for new drugs will continue to play an essential role for the potent Streptomyces from previously unexplored environmental sources. In this context, deep-sea, desert, cryo, and volcanic environments have proven to be a unique habitat of more extreme, and of their adaptation to extreme living, environments attribute to novel antibiotics. Extreme Streptomyces have been an excellent source of a new class of compounds which include alkaloids, angucycline, macrolide, and peptides. This review covers novel drug leads with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities isolated from deep-sea, desert, cryo, and volcanic environment Streptomyces from 2009 to 2019. The structure and chemical classes of the compounds, their relevant bioactivities, and the sources of organisms are presented.

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Amils, Ricardo, and Felipe Gómez. "Extremofiles 2.0." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040784.

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Gostinčar, Cene, Polona Zalar, and Nina Gunde-Cimerman. "No need for speed: slow development of fungi in extreme environments." Fungal Biology Reviews 39 (March 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2021.11.002.

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López-Cortés, A., F. García-Pichel, U. Nübel, and R. Vázquez-Juárez. "Cyanobacterial diversity in extreme environments in Baja California, Mexico: a polyphasic study." International Microbiology 4, no. 4 (November 20, 2001): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10123-001-0042-z.

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Runnion, Kenneth, and Joan D. Combie. "Organic sulfur removal from coal by microorganisms from extreme environments." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 11, no. 1-3 (July 1993): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00277.x.

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Schultz, Júnia, and Alexandre Soares Rosado. "Extreme environments: a source of biosurfactants for biotechnological applications." Extremophiles 24, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-019-01151-2.

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Milojevic, Tetyana, Margaret Anne Cramm, Casey R. J. Hubert, and Frances Westall. "“Freezing” Thermophiles: From One Temperature Extreme to Another." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122417.

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New detections of thermophiles in psychrobiotic (i.e., bearing cold-tolerant life forms) marine and terrestrial habitats including Arctic marine sediments, Antarctic accretion ice, permafrost, and elsewhere are continually being reported. These microorganisms present great opportunities for microbial ecologists to examine biogeographical processes for spore-formers and non-spore-formers alike, including dispersal histories connecting warm and cold biospheres. In this review, we examine different examples of thermophiles in cryobiotic locations, and highlight exploration of thermophiles at cold temperatures under laboratory conditions. The survival of thermophiles in psychrobiotic environments provokes novel considerations of physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying natural cryopreservation of microorganisms. Cultures of thermophiles maintained at low temperature may serve as a non-sporulating laboratory model for further exploration of metabolic potential of thermophiles at psychrobiotic temperatures, as well as for elucidating molecular mechanisms behind natural preservation and adaptation to psychrobiotic environments. These investigations are highly relevant for the search for life on other cold and icy planets in the Solar System, such as Mars, Europa and Enceladus.

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Williamson, Kurt E., Mark Radosevich, David W. Smith, and K. Eric Wommack. "Incidence of lysogeny within temperate and extreme soil environments." Environmental Microbiology 9, no. 10 (October 2007): 2563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01374.x.

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Souza-Egipsy, Virginia, María Altamirano, Ricardo Amils, and Angeles Aguilera. "Photosynthetic performance of phototrophic biofilms in extreme acidic environments." Environmental Microbiology 13, no. 8 (May 23, 2011): 2351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02506.x.

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Chaban, Bonnie, Sandy Y. M. Ng, and Ken F. Jarrell. "Archaeal habitats — from the extreme to the ordinary." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 73–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-147.

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The domain Archaea represents a third line of evolutionary descent, separate from Bacteria and Eucarya. Initial studies seemed to limit archaea to various extreme environments. These included habitats at the extreme limits that allow life on earth, in terms of temperature, pH, salinity, and anaerobiosis, which were the homes to hyper thermo philes, extreme (thermo)acidophiles, extreme halophiles, and methanogens. Typical environments from which pure cultures of archaeal species have been isolated include hot springs, hydrothermal vents, solfataras, salt lakes, soda lakes, sewage digesters, and the rumen. Within the past two decades, the use of molecular techniques, including PCR-based amplification of 16S rRNA genes, has allowed a culture-independent assessment of microbial diversity. Remarkably, such techniques have indicated a wide distribution of mostly uncultured archaea in normal habitats, such as ocean waters, lake waters, and soil. This review discusses organisms from the domain Archaea in the context of the environments where they have been isolated or detected. For organizational purposes, the domain has been separated into the traditional groups of methanogens, extreme halophiles, thermoacidophiles, and hyperthermophiles, as well as the uncultured archaea detected by molecular means. Where possible, we have correlated known energy-yielding reactions and carbon sources of the archaeal types with available data on potential carbon sources and electron donors and acceptors present in the environments. From the broad distribution, metabolic diversity, and sheer numbers of archaea in environments from the extreme to the ordinary, the roles that the Archaea play in the ecosystems have been grossly underestimated and are worthy of much greater scrutiny.Key words: Archaea, methanogen, extreme halophile, hyperthermophile, thermoacidophile, uncultured archaea, habitats.

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Roychoudhury, Alakendra N. "Sulfate Respiration in Extreme Environments: A Kinetic Study." Geomicrobiology Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2004): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450490253446.

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Carlson, Courtney, Nitin K. Singh, Mohit Bibra, Rajesh K. Sani, and Kasthuri Venkateswaran. "Pervasiveness of UVC254-resistant Geobacillus strains in extreme environments." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, no. 4 (January 5, 2018): 1869–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8712-8.

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Puente-Sánchez, Fernando, and Max Chavarría. "Special Issue: Diversity of Extremophiles in Time and Space." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122472.

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Seufferheld, Manfredo J., Hï¿½ctor M. Alvarez, and Maria E. Farias. "Role of Polyphosphates in Microbial Adaptation to Extreme Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 19 (August 15, 2008): 5867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00501-08.

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Li, Qi, Chunxiang Hu, and Haijian Yang. "Responses of Cyanobacterial Crusts and Microbial Communities to Extreme Environments of the Stratosphere." Microorganisms 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061252.

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How microbial communities respond to extreme conditions in the stratosphere remains unclear. To test this effect, cyanobacterial crusts collected from Tengger Desert were mounted to high balloons and briefly exposed (140 min) to high UV irradiation and low temperature in the stratosphere at an altitude of 32 km. Freezing and thawing treatments were simulated in the laboratory in terms of the temperature fluctuations during flight. Microbial community composition was characterized by sequencing at the level of DNA and RNA. After exposure to the stratosphere, the RNA relative abundances of Kallotenue and Longimicrobium increased by about 2-fold, while those of several dominant cyanobacteria genera changed slightly. The RNA relative abundances of various taxa declined after freezing, but increased after thawing, whereas cyanobacteria exhibited an opposite change trend. The DNA and RNA relative abundances of Nitrososphaeraceae were increased by 1.4~2.3-fold after exposure to the stratosphere or freezing. Exposure to stratospheric environmental conditions had little impact on the total antioxidant capacity, photosynthetic pigment content, and photosynthetic rate, but significantly increased the content of exopolysaccharides by 16%. The three treatments (stratospheric exposure, freezing, and thawing) increased significantly the activities of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (26~30%) and β-glucosidase (14~126%). Our results indicated cyanobacterial crust communities can tolerate exposure to the stratosphere. In the defense process, extracellular organic carbon degradation and transformation play an important role. This study makes the first attempt to explore the response of microbial communities of cyanobacterial crusts to a Mars-like stratospheric extreme environment, which provides a new perspective for studying the space biology of earth communities.

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López-Cortés, A., F. García-Pichel, U. Nübel, and R. Vázquez-Juárez. "Erratum to: Cyanobacterial diversity in extreme environments in Baja California, Mexico: a polyphasic study." International Microbiology 4, no. 4 (December 2001): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10123-001-0044-x.

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Nicholson, Wayne L., Nobuo Munakata, Gerda Horneck, Henry J. Melosh, and Peter Setlow. "Resistance of Bacillus Endospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 548–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.64.3.548-572.2000.

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SUMMARY Endospores of Bacillus spp., especially Bacillus subtilis, have served as experimental models for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the incredible longevity of spores and their resistance to environmental insults. In this review we summarize the molecular laboratory model of spore resistance mechanisms and attempt to use the model as a basis for exploration of the resistance of spores to environmental extremes both on Earth and during postulated interplanetary transfer through space as a result of natural impact processes.

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Lewus, Paul, and Roseanne M. Ford. "Temperature-Sensitive Motility of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius Influences Population Distribution in Extreme Environments." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 13 (July 1, 1999): 4020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.13.4020-4025.1999.

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ABSTRACT A three-dimensional tracking microscope was used to quantify the effects of temperature (50 to 80°C) and pH (2 to 4) on the motility of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a thermoacidophilic archaeon. Swimming speed and run time increased with temperature but remained relatively unchanged with increasing pH. These results were consistent with reported changes in the rate of respiration of S. acidocaldarius as a function of temperature and pH. Cells exhibited a forward-biased turn angle distribution with a mean of 54°. Cell trajectories during a run were in the shape of right-handed helices. A cellular dynamics simulation was used to test the hypothesis that a population of S. acidocaldarius cells could distribute preferentially in a spatial temperature gradient due to variation in swimming speed. Simulation results showed that a population of cells could migrate from a higher to a lower temperature in the presence of sharp temperature gradients. This simulation result was achieved without incorporating the ability of cells to sense a temporal thermal gradient; thus, the response was not thermotactic. We postulate that this temperature-sensitive motility is one survival mechanism of S. acidocaldarius that allows this organism to move away from lethal hot spots in its hydrothermal environment.

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Breitbart, Mya, Linda Wegley, Steven Leeds, Tom Schoenfeld, and Forest Rohwer. "Phage Community Dynamics in Hot Springs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1633-1640.2004.

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ABSTRACT In extreme thermal environments such as hot springs, phages are the only known microbial predators. Here we present the first study of prokaryotic and phage community dynamics in these environments. Phages were abundant in hot springs, reaching concentrations of a million viruses per milliliter. Hot spring phage particles were resistant to shifts to lower temperatures, possibly facilitating DNA transfer out of these extreme environments. The phages were actively produced, with a population turnover time of 1 to 2 days. Phage-mediated microbial mortality was significant, making phage lysis an important component of hot spring microbial food webs. Together, these results show that phages exert an important influence on microbial community structure and energy flow in extreme thermal environments.

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Scheffer, Gabrielle, Casey R. J. Hubert, Dennis R. Enning, Sven Lahme, Jaspreet Mand, and Júlia R. de Rezende. "Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112266.

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Oil reservoirs can represent extreme environments for microbial life due to low water availability, high salinity, high pressure and naturally occurring radionuclides. This study investigated the microbiome of saline formation water samples from a Gulf of Mexico oil reservoir. Metagenomic analysis and associated anaerobic enrichment cultures enabled investigations into metabolic potential for microbial activity and persistence in this environment given its high salinity (4.5%) and low nutrient availability. Preliminary 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed very low microbial diversity. Accordingly, deep shotgun sequencing resulted in nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including members of novel lineages QPJE01 (genus level) within the Halanaerobiaceae, and BM520 (family level) within the Bacteroidales. Genomes of the nine organisms included respiratory pathways such as nitrate reduction (in Arhodomonas, Flexistipes, Geotoga and Marinobacter MAGs) and thiosulfate reduction (in Arhodomonas, Flexistipes and Geotoga MAGs). Genomic evidence for adaptation to high salinity, withstanding radioactivity, and metal acquisition was also observed in different MAGs, possibly explaining their occurrence in this extreme habitat. Other metabolic features included the potential for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and genes for forming endospores in some cases. Understanding the microbiomes of deep biosphere environments sheds light on the capabilities of uncultivated subsurface microorganisms and their potential roles in subsurface settings, including during oil recovery operations.

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Huang, Jiao, Guomin Ai, Ning Liu, and Ying Huang. "Environmental Adaptability and Organic Pollutant Degradation Capacity of a Novel Rhodococcus Species Derived from Soil in the Uninhabited Area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101935.

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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is known for extreme natural environments and, surprisingly, has been reported to contain widespread organic pollutants. Rhodococcus can survive a variety of extreme environments and degrade many organic contaminants. Here, we isolated a Rhodococcus strain (FXJ9.536 = CGMCC 4.7853) from a soil sample collected in the QTP. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that the strain represents a novel Rhodococcus species, for which the name Rhodococcus tibetensis sp. nov. is proposed. Interestingly, R. tibetensis FXJ9.536 maintained a fast growth rate and degraded 6.2% of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 50.0% of malathion even at 10 °C. It could degrade 53.6% of 4-NP and 99.9% of malathion at a moderate temperature. The genome of R. tibetensis FXJ9.536 contains 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monoxygenase and carboxylesterase genes, which are likely associated with the degradation of 4-NP and malathion, respectively. Further genomic analysis revealed that the strain might employ multiple strategies to adapt to the harsh QTP environment. These include synthesizing cold shock proteins, compatible solutes, secondary metabolites, and storage compounds, utilizing inorganic compounds as energy and nutrition sources, as well as degrading a range of organic pollutants. Overall, our study reveals the potential of a QTP-derived new actinobacterial species for environmental adaptation and remediation in cold regions.

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Santhaseelan, Henciya, Vengateshwaran Thasu Dinakaran, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Johnthini Munir Ahamed, Santhosh Gokul Murugaiah, Muthukumar Krishnan, Jiang-Shiou Hwang, and Arthur James Rathinam. "Recent Antimicrobial Responses of Halophilic Microbes in Clinical Pathogens." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020417.

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Microbial pathogens that cause severe infections and are resistant to drugs are simultaneously becoming more active. This urgently calls for novel effective antibiotics. Organisms from extreme environments are known to synthesize novel bioprospecting molecules for biomedical applications due to their peculiar characteristics of growth and physiological conditions. Antimicrobial developments from hypersaline environments, such as lagoons, estuaries, and salterns, accommodate several halophilic microbes. Salinity is a distinctive environmental factor that continuously promotes the metabolic adaptation and flexibility of halophilic microbes for their survival at minimum nutritional requirements. A genetic adaptation to extreme solar radiation, ionic strength, and desiccation makes them promising candidates for drug discovery. More microbiota identified via sequencing and ‘omics’ approaches signify the hypersaline environments where compounds are produced. Microbial genera such as Bacillus, Actinobacteria, Halorubrum and Aspergillus are producing a substantial number of antimicrobial compounds. Several strategies were applied for producing novel antimicrobials from halophiles including a consortia approach. Promising results indicate that halophilic microbes can be utilised as prolific sources of bioactive metabolites with pharmaceutical potentialto expand natural product research towards diverse phylogenetic microbial groups which inhabit salterns. The present study reviews interesting antimicrobial compounds retrieved from microbial sources of various saltern environments, with a discussion of their potency in providing novel drugs against clinically drug-resistant microbes.

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Kushner, Donn J. "What is the "true" internal environment of halophilic and other bacteria?" Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-082.

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This article presents facts about, speculations on, and possible ways of determining the actual intracellular ionic environment of halophilic microorganisms and those that live in other extreme conditions. It suggests that halophilic archaebacteria have a truly salty internal environment (though one in which water and salts might well have limited freedom), whereas halophilic and salt-tolerant eubacteria may have salty external environments but much less salty internal ones.

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Dai, Daoxin, Huibin Lu, Peng Xing, and Qinglong Wu. "Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Genus Nesterenkonia Unravels the Genomic Adaptation to Polar Extreme Environments." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020233.

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The members of the Nesterenkonia genus have been isolated from various habitats, like saline soil, salt lake, sponge-associated and the human gut, some of which are even located in polar areas. To identify their stress resistance mechanisms and draw a genomic profile across this genus, we isolated four Nesterenkonia strains from the lakes in the Tibetan Plateau, referred to as the third pole, and compared them with all other 30 high-quality Nesterenkonia genomes that are deposited in NCBI. The Heaps’ law model estimated that the pan-genome of this genus is open and the number of core, shell, cloud, and singleton genes were 993 (6.61%), 2782 (18.52%), 4117 (27.40%), and 7132 (47.47%), respectively. Phylogenomic and ANI/AAI analysis indicated that all genomes can be divided into three main clades, named NES-1, NES-2, and NES-3. The strains isolated from lakes in the Tibetan Plateau were clustered with four strains from different sources in the Antarctic and formed a subclade within NES-2, described as NES-AT. Genome features of this subclade, including GC (guanine + cytosine) content, tRNA number, carbon/nitrogen atoms per residue side chain (C/N-ARSC), and amino acid composition, in NES-AT individuals were significantly different from other strains, indicating genomic adaptation to cold, nutrient-limited, osmotic, and ultraviolet conditions in polar areas. Functional analysis revealed the enrichment of specific genes involved in bacteriorhodopsin synthesis, biofilm formation, and more diverse nutrient substance metabolism genes in the NES-AT clade, suggesting potential adaptation strategies for energy metabolism in polar environments. This study provides a comprehensive profile of the genomic features of the Nesterenkonia genus and reveals the possible mechanism for the survival of Nesterenkonia isolates in polar areas.

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Eichler, Jerry. "Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins." Microbiology 149, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 3347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26591-0.

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Archaea are best known in their capacities as extremophiles, i.e. micro-organisms able to thrive in some of the most drastic environments on Earth. The protein-based surface layer that envelopes many archaeal strains must thus correctly assemble and maintain its structural integrity in the face of the physical challenges associated with, for instance, life in high salinity, at elevated temperatures or in acidic surroundings. Study of archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins has thus offered insight into the strategies employed by these proteins to survive direct contact with extreme environments, yet has also served to elucidate other aspects of archaeal protein biosynthesis, including glycosylation, lipid modification and protein export. In this mini-review, recent advances in the study of archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins are discussed.

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Gleason, Frank H., Steve K. Schmidt, and Agostina V. Marano. "Can zoosporic true fungi grow or survive in extreme or stressful environments?" Extremophiles 14, no. 5 (July 18, 2010): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-010-0323-6.

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Yadav, Ajar Nath, Priyanka Verma, Murugan Kumar, Kamal K. Pal, Rinku Dey, Alka Gupta, Jasdeep Chatrath Padaria, et al. "Diversity and phylogenetic profiling of niche-specific Bacilli from extreme environments of India." Annals of Microbiology 65, no. 2 (May 31, 2014): 611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-014-0897-9.

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Kamekura, Masahiro, Peijin Zhou, and Donn J. Kushner. "Protein turnover in Halobacterium cutirubrum and other microorganisms that live in extreme environments." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 7, no. 2-3 (May 1986): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(86)80028-5.

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Harrison, Jesse P., John E. Hallsworth, and Charles S. Cockell. "Reduction of the Temperature Sensitivity of Halomonas hydrothermalis by Iron Starvation Combined with Microaerobic Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 6 (January 16, 2015): 2156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03639-14.

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ABSTRACTThe limits to biological processes on Earth are determined by physicochemical parameters, such as extremes of temperature and low water availability. Research into microbial extremophiles has enhanced our understanding of the biophysical boundaries which define the biosphere. However, there remains a paucity of information on the degree to which rates of microbial multiplication within extreme environments are determined by the availability of specific chemical elements. Here, we show that iron availability and the composition of the gaseous phase (aerobic versus microaerobic) determine the susceptibility of a marine bacterium,Halomonas hydrothermalis, to suboptimal and elevated temperature and salinity by impacting rates of cell division (but not viability). In particular, iron starvation combined with microaerobic conditions (5% [vol/vol] O2, 10% [vol/vol] CO2, reduced pH) reduced sensitivity to temperature across the 13°C range tested. These data demonstrate that nutrient limitation interacts with physicochemical parameters to determine biological permissiveness for extreme environments. The interplay between resource availability and stress tolerance, therefore, may shape the distribution and ecology of microorganisms within Earth's biosphere.

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Rodríguez-Valdez, G., R. Romero-Geraldo, G. Medina-Basulto, M. Reyes-Becerril, and C. Angulo. "Immunostimulant Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Extreme Environments in Baja California Sur, Mexico: A Bioprospecting Approach." Indian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-022-01002-3.

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Winter, Jody A., and Karen A. Bunting. "Rings in the Extreme: PCNA Interactions and Adaptations in the Archaea." Archaea 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/951010.

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Biochemical and structural analysis of archaeal proteins has enabled us to gain great insight into many eukaryotic processes, simultaneously offering fascinating glimpses into the adaptation and evolution of proteins at the extremes of life. The archaeal PCNAs, central to DNA replication and repair, are no exception. Characterisation of the proteins alone, and in complex with both peptides and protein binding partners, has demonstrated the diversity and subtlety in the regulatory role of these sliding clamps. Equally, studies have provided valuable detailed insight into the adaptation of protein interactions and mechanisms that are necessary for life in extreme environments.

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Salazar-Ardiles, Camila, Leyla Asserella-Rebollo, and David C. Andrade. "Free-Living Amoebas in Extreme Environments: The True Survival in our Planet." BioMed Research International 2022 (October 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2359883.

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Free-living amoebas (FLAs) are microorganisms, unicellular protozoa widely distributed in nature and present in different environments, such as water or soil; they are maintained in ecosystems and play a fundamental role in the biological control of bacteria, other protozoa, and mushrooms. In particular circumstances, some can reach humans or animals, promoting several health complications. Notably, FLAs are characterized by a robust capacity to survive in extreme environments. However, currently, there is no updated information on the existence and distribution of this protozoan in inhospitable places. Undoubtedly, the cellular physiology of these protozoan microorganisms is very particular. They can resist and live in extreme environments due to their encysting capacity and tolerance to different osmolarities, temperatures, and other environmental factors, which give them excellent adaptative resistance. In this review, we summarized the most relevant evidence related to FLAs and the possible mechanism, which could explain their adaptative capacity to several extreme environments.

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Vester, Jan Kjølhede, Mikkel Andreas Glaring, and Peter Stougaard. "Improving diversity in cultures of bacteria from an extreme environment." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 8 (August 2013): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0087.

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The ikaite columns in the Ikka Fjord in Greenland represent one of the few permanently cold and alkaline environments on Earth, and the interior of the columns is home to a bacterial community adapted to these extreme conditions. The community is characterized by low cell numbers imbedded in a calcium carbonate matrix, making extraction of bacterial cells and DNA a challenge and limiting molecular and genomic studies of this environment. To utilize this genetic resource, cultivation at high pH and low temperature was studied as a method for obtaining biomass and DNA from the fraction of this community that would not otherwise be amenable to genetic analyses. The diversity and community dynamics in mixed cultures of bacteria from ikaite columns was investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA. Both medium composition and incubation time influenced the diversity of the culture and many hitherto uncharacterized genera could be brought into culture by extended incubation time. Extended incubation time also gave rise to a more diverse community with a significant number of rare species not detected in the initial community.

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Shrestha, Prasansah, Jayram Karmacharya, So-Ra Han, Jun Hyuck Lee, Hyun Park, and Tae-Jin Oh. "Complete Genome Sequence and Comparative Genome Analysis of Variovorax sp. Strains PAMC28711, PAMC26660, and PAMC28562 and Trehalose Metabolic Pathways in Antarctica Isolates." International Journal of Microbiology 2022 (November 9, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5067074.

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The complete genomes of Variovorax strains were analyzed and compared along with the genomes of Variovorax strains PAMC28711, PAMC28562, and PAMC26660, Antarctic isolates. The genomic information was collected from the NCBI database and the CAZyme database, and Prokka annotation was used to find the genes that encode for the trehalose metabolic pathway. Likewise, CAZyme annotation (dbCAN2 Meta server) was performed to predict the CAZyme family responsible for trehalose biosynthesis and degradation enzymes. Trehalose has been found to respond to osmotic stress and extreme temperatures. As a result, the study of the trehalose metabolic pathway was carried out in harsh environments such as the Antarctic, where bacteria Variovorax sp. strains PAMC28711, PAMC28562, and PAMC26660 can survive in extreme environments, such as cold temperatures. The trehalose metabolic pathway was analyzed via bioinformatics tools, such as the dbCAN2 Meta server, Prokka annotation, Multiple Sequence Alignment, ANI calculator, and PATRIC database, which helped to predict trehalose biosynthesis and degradation genes’ involvement in the complete genome of Variovorax strains. Likewise, MEGA X was used for evolutionary and conserved genes. The complete genomes of Variovorax strains PAMC28711, PAMC26660, and PAMC28562 are circular chromosomes of length (4,320,000, 7,390,000, and 4,690,000) bp, respectively, with GC content of (66.00, 66.00, and 63.70)%, respectively. The GC content of these three Variovorax strains is lower than that of the other Variovorax strains with complete genomes. Strains PAMC28711 and PAMC28562 exhibit three complete trehalose biosynthetic pathways (OtsA/OtsB, TS, and TreY/TreZ), but strain PAMC26660 only possesses one (OtsA/OtsB). Despite the fact that all three strains contain trehalose, only strain PAMC28711 has two trehaloses according to CAZyme families (GH37 and GH15). Moreover, among the three Antarctica isolates, only strain PAMC28711 exhibits auxiliary activities (AAs), a CAZyme family. To date, although the Variovorax strains are studied for different purposes, the trehalose metabolic pathways in Variovorax strains have not been reported. Further, this study provides additional information regarding trehalose biosynthesis genes and degradation genes (trehalose) as one of the factors facilitating bacterial survival under extreme environments, and this enzyme has shown potential application in biotechnology fields.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Extreme environments – Microbiology'

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