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Journal articles on the topic 'Extreme windstorm event'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Boisserie, Marie, Laurent Descamps, and Philippe Arbogast. "Calibrated Forecasts of Extreme Windstorms Using the Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) and Shift of Tails (SOT)." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 5 (2016): 1573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0027.1.

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Abstract This study presents a method that improves extreme windstorm early warning in regards to past events that hit France during the last 30 years. From a 21-member ensemble forecast, the extreme forecast index (EFI) and the shift of tails (SOT) are used to produce calibrated forecasts for a selection of 59 windstorm cases. The EFI and SOT forecasts are evaluated for windstorms of different levels of severity and for various forecast index thresholds using the Heidke skill score (HSS), hit rate (HR), and false alarm rate (FA). The HR and FA show that a “zero misses” level always goes conjo

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2

Della-Marta, Paul M., Mark A. Liniger, Christof Appenzeller, David N. Bresch, Pamela Köllner-Heck, and Veruska Muccione. "Improved Estimates of the European Winter Windstorm Climate and the Risk of Reinsurance Loss Using Climate Model Data." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 49, no. 10 (2010): 2092–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2133.1.

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Abstract Current estimates of the European windstorm climate and their associated losses are often hampered by either relatively short, coarse resolution or inhomogeneous datasets. This study tries to overcome some of these shortcomings by estimating the European windstorm climate using dynamical seasonal-to-decadal (s2d) climate forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The current s2d models have limited predictive skill of European storminess, making the ensemble forecasts ergodic samples on which to build pseudoclimates of 310–396 yr in length. Extended

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Priestley, Matthew D. K., Helen F. Dacre, Len C. Shaffrey, Kevin I. Hodges, and Joaquim G. Pinto. "The role of serial European windstorm clustering for extreme seasonal losses as determined from multi-centennial simulations of high-resolution global climate model data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 11 (2018): 2991–3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2991-2018.

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Abstract. Extratropical cyclones are the most damaging natural hazard to affect western Europe. Serial clustering occurs when many intense cyclones affect one specific geographic region in a short period of time which can potentially lead to very large seasonal losses. Previous studies have shown that intense cyclones may be more likely to cluster than less intense cyclones. We revisit this topic using a high-resolution climate model with the aim to determine how important clustering is for windstorm-related losses. The role of windstorm clustering is investigated using a quantifiable metric (

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AHMED, MUKHTAR, SONAM LOTUS, BAPPA DAS, FAROOQ AHMAD BHAT, AMIR HASSAN KICHLOO, and SHIVINDER SINGH. "Extreme weather events induced mortalities in Jammu and Kashmir, India during 2010-2022." MAUSAM 75, no. 2 (2024): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6147.

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A study has been conducted on Extreme Weather Events (EWEs) induced mortalities in Jammu and Kashmir, India during 2010-2022. In the present study, we used the frequency of heavy rain, heavy snow, lightning/thunderstorm, Hailstorm and squall during the period 2010 to 2022 of 10 stations of J&K from India Meteorological Department. The mortalities occurred due to these extreme weather events for each district were collected from the Meteorological Centre Srinagar. The mean monthly precipitation and number of rainy days for each month was calculated for each station based on 40 years data (1

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Lockwood, Julia F., Galina S. Guentchev, Alexander Alabaster, et al. "Using high-resolution global climate models from the PRIMAVERA project to create a European winter windstorm event set." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 11 (2022): 3585–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3585-2022.

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Abstract. PRIMAVERA (process-based climate simulation: advances in high-resolution modelling and European climate risk assessments) was a European Union Horizon 2020 project whose primary aim was to generate advanced and well-evaluated high-resolution global climate model datasets for the benefit of governments, business and society in general. Following consultation with members of the insurance industry, we have used a PRIMAVERA multi-model ensemble to generate a European winter windstorm event set for use in insurance risk analysis, containing approximately 1300 years of windstorm data. The

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Hawkins, Ed, Philip Brohan, Samantha N. Burgess, et al. "Rescuing historical weather observations improves quantification of severe windstorm risks." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 4 (2023): 1465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1465-2023.

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Abstract. Billions of historical climatological observations remain unavailable to science as they exist only on paper, stored in numerous archives around the world. The conversion of these data from paper to digital could transform our understanding of historical climate variations, including extreme weather events. Here we demonstrate how the rescue of such paper observations has improved our understanding of a severe windstorm that occurred in February 1903 and its significant impacts. By assimilating newly rescued atmospheric pressure observations, the storm is now credibly represented in

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Tabatcheik, Ariane Stefania. "Climate crisis: paths to face its effects on houses in Curitiba." Cadernos Metrópole 25, no. 58 (2023): 947–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5808.e.

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Abstract The objective of this article is to present paths that can contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change on houses built in the metropolis of Curitiba. The analysis of the occurrence of natural disasters in the state of Paraná demonstrates that the most frequent extreme climatic event is the windstorm, and the Curitiba region is the one that most presented occurrences of windstorms in the analyzed period. Federal laws and municipal plans related to the theme are presented, as well as points that can be adopted as tools to mitigate the impacts of the climate crisis on the city

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Chen, Baoxin, Xi Wang, and Kan Chen. "Macau Chinese Raising Funds for the 1941 Portugal Windstorm Reconstruction during WWII: Perspective of Public Choice." Revista Portuguesa de História 54 (November 10, 2023): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_54_2.

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A rare extreme windstorm struck Portugal in 1941 when Macau was suffering from the complex Second Sino-Japanese War (WWII). Macau Chinese raised funds for Portuguese windstorm reconstruction-a little-known international diplomatic charity event relevant to Luso-Chinese relations. This article reviewed the Letters of Credit (in Chinese and Portuguese) and Chinese newspapers to provide a historical overview of the charity event across geographies, nationalities, and ethnicities and uses public choice theory to explore the motivation and underlying logic of events. Following more than two months

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Pawlik, Łukasz, Janusz Godziek, and Łukasz Zawolik. "Forest Damage by Extra-Tropical Cyclone Klaus-Modeling and Prediction." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13121991.

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Windstorms may have negative consequences on forest ecosystems, industries, and societies. Extreme events related to extra-tropical cyclonic systems remind us that better recognition and understanding of the factors driving forest damage are needed for more efficient risk management and planning. In the present study, we statistically modelled forest damage caused by the windstorm Klaus in south-west France. This event occurred on 24 January 2009 and caused severe damage to maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) forest stands. We aimed at isolating the best potential predictors that can help to build

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Agnisarman, Sruthy, Kapil Chalil Madathil, and Jeffery Bertrand. "Context-Based Visual Aids to Support the Situation Awareness of Field Engineers Conducting Windstorm Risk Surveys." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 1898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631138.

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Insurance loss prevention survey, specifically windstorm risk inspection survey is the process of investigating potential damages associated with a building or structure in the event of an extreme weather condition such as a hurricane or tornado. This process is performed by a trained windstorm risk engineer who physically goes to a facility to assess the wind vulnerabilities associated with it. This process is highly subjective, and the accuracy of findings depends on the experience and skillsets of the engineer. Although using sensors and automation enabled systems help engineers gather data

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Brázdil, R., K. Chromá, H. Valášek, and L. Dolák. "Hydrometeorological extremes derived from taxation records for south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic, 1751–1900 AD." Climate of the Past 8, no. 2 (2012): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-467-2012.

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Abstract. Historical written records associated with tax relief at ten estates located in south-eastern Moravia (Czech Republic) are used for the study of hydrometeorological extremes and their impacts during the period 1751–1900 AD. At the time, the taxation system in Moravia allowed farmers to request tax relief if their crop yields had been negatively affected by hydrological and meteorological extremes. The documentation involved contains information about the type of extreme event and the date of its occurrence, while the impact on crops may often be derived. A total of 175 extreme events

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Brázdil, R., K. Chromá, H. Valášek, and L. Dolák. "Hydrometeorological extremes and their impacts, as derived from taxation records for south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic, AD 1751–1900." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 6 (2011): 4261–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-4261-2011.

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Abstract. Historical written records associated with tax relief at ten estates located in south-eastern Moravia (Czech Republic) are used for the study of hydrometeorological extremes and their impacts during the period AD 1751–1900. At the time, the taxation system in Moravia allowed farmers to request tax relief if their crop yields had been negatively affected by hydrological and meteorological extremes. The documentation involved contains information about the type of extreme event and the date of its occurrence, while the impact on crops may often be derived. A total of 175 extreme events

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13

Vecchiato, Daniel, Carolina B. Pellizzari, and Tiziano Tempesta. "Using Choice Experiments as a Planning Tool for Reforestation after Extreme Events: The Case of the Vaia Windstorm in Italy." Forests 14, no. 7 (2023): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071374.

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The forest areas and, more generally, the mountain territory, produce a significant flow of ecosystem services from which the entire community benefits. In October 2018, northeastern Italy was hit by an extreme meteorological event, the Vaia windstorm, which affected 91 municipalities in the Veneto region and destroyed nearly 20% of its forests in some areas, mainly composed of spruce (Picea abies) and fir (Abies alba). This study aims to understand and analyze what the affected population preferences are in relation to different reforestation strategies in the forests affected by the Vaia win

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Kreitz, Michaël. "Trois phénomènes météorologiques exceptionnels durant l'automne 2020." La Météorologie, no. 112 (2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0031.

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Durant cet automne 2020, la France est concernée par trois phénomènes météorologiques exceptionnels. Tout d'abord, le 19 septembre, un épisode cévenol intense apporte 700 mm en 12 heures sur la région de Valleraugue. Puis, le 1er octobre, la tempête Alex traverse le nord-ouest de la France, où les rafales atteignent 186 km/h à Belle-Île-en-Mer en raison de la présence d'un sting jet. Le lendemain, un nouvel épisode fortement précipitant déverse localement 500 mm de pluie sur les Alpes-Maritimes. Ces trois phénomènes ont tous relevé d'une vigilance rouge. During fall 2020, France is concerned b

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15

Holzer, Alois M., Thomas M. E. Schreiner, and Tomáš Púčik. "A forensic re-analysis of one of the deadliest European tornadoes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 6 (2018): 1555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1555-2018.

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Abstract. Extremely rare events with high potential impact, such as violent tornadoes, are of strong interest for climatology and risk assessment. In order to obtain more knowledge about the most extreme events, it is vital to study historical cases. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to demonstrate how a windstorm catastrophe that happened 100 years ago, such as the Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria, tornado on 10 July 1916, can be successfully re-analyzed using a forensic approach, and (2) to propose a repeatable working method for assessing damage and reconstructing the path and magnitu

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Agnisarman, Sruthy, Amro Khasawneh, Amal Ponathil, Snowil Lopes, and Kapil Chalil Madathil. "A Qualitative Study Investigating the Sensemaking Process of Engineers Performing Windstorm Risk Surveys." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621402.

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Insurance loss prevention survey, specifically windstorm survey, is the process of investigating potential damages associated with a building or structure in the event of an extreme weather condition such as a hurricane or tornado. Windstorm inspection is a type of visual risk assessment survey performed to investigate and identify the risk factors that might result in severe damages in the event of extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes or tornados. This survey involves an engineer going to a site and inspecting the property according to a standard protocol. Though they follow the prot

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Visentin, Francesca, Sara Remelli, Augusto Zanella, and Cristina Menta. "Windthrow Impact on Alpine Forest Humipedon: Soil Microarthropod Communities and Humus Dynamics Five Years after an Extreme Windstorm Event." Land 13, no. 9 (2024): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13091458.

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The ecological impact of windthrow disturbance on humipedons and soil microarthropod communities is examined in two areas of the Italian Alps (Val di Fassa and Cansiglio) five years after the Vaia Storm. The following soil coverage conditions were identified: herbaceous vegetation (G), decaying wood (W), no vegetation (B) in windthrow areas; and these were compared with conditions in adjacent undisturbed intact forests (IF) and, only in Val di Fassa, with permanent meadows (M). Soil pH, soil organic matter content (SOM), humus systems and microarthropod communities were analyzed. In Val di Fas

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18

Pichugin, Mikhail, Irina Gurvich, and Anastasiya Baranyuk. "Assessment of Extreme Ocean Winds within Intense Wintertime Windstorms over the North Pacific Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer Observations." Remote Sensing 15, no. 21 (2023): 5181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15215181.

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Here, we examine extreme ocean winds associated with intense wintertime extratropical windstorms over the North Pacific. The study was mainly based on NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L-band radiometer observations allowing the retrieval of ocean wind speeds up to 70 m/s regardless of precipitation intensity. Additionally, we assessed the ability of atmospheric reanalysis ERA5 and the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) to reproduce high-wind features within severe windstorms, particularly those associated with “explosive” cyclogenesis. The analysis identified 145 windstorm event

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Bičárová, Svetlana, Dušan Bilčík, Pavol Nejedlík, Rastislav Janík, and Daniela Kellerová. "Changes in the surface ozone after the windstorm in 2004, in the High Tatras." Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A - Forestry 57 (2) (December 1, 2015): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0007.

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Extreme wind event in November 2004 caused spacious destruction of slope forests in the Tatra National Park, Slovakia. Relevant changes of land cover motivated researchers to investigate damaged forest ecosystem and its response to different environmental conditions. Surface ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a minor but not negligible compound of the ambient air. Control strategies for the reduction of O<sub>3</sub> precursor emissions have been applied in Europe during the last two decades. In spite of these reductions, air quality indices for O<sub>3</sub> suggest that highland sites are more vulnera

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Altangerel, Batbold, Tomonori Sato, Mamoru Ishikawa, and Tsogt Jamba. "Performance of Dynamic Downscaling for Extreme Weather Event in Eastern Mongolia: Case Study of Severe Windstorm on 26 May 2008." SOLA 7 (2011): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/sola.2011-030.

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Cusack, Stephen. "A long record of European windstorm losses and its comparison to standard climate indices." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 8 (2023): 2841–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2841-2023.

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Abstract. Traditional insurance has both a great exposure to decadal variations in European storm activity and the ability to adjust its business strategy over these timescales. Hence, the recent development of skilful predictions of multiannual mean European winter climate seems a very welcome addition to the long list of ways that researchers have improved management of windstorm risk. Yet companies do not use these forecasts of mean winter climate to adjust their view of risk. The main reason is the lack of a long, reliable record of losses to understand how forecasted time-mean circulation

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Afargan-Gerstman, Hilla, Dominik Büeler, C. Ole Wulff, Michael Sprenger, and Daniela I. V. Domeisen. "Stratospheric influence on the winter North Atlantic storm track in subseasonal reforecasts." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 1 (2024): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-231-2024.

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Abstract. Extreme stratospheric polar vortex events, such as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) or extremely strong polar vortex events, can have a significant impact on surface weather in winter. SSWs are most often associated with negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) conditions, cold air outbreaks in the Arctic and a southward-shifted midlatitude storm track in the North Atlantic, while strong polar vortex events tend to be followed by a positive phase of the NAO, relatively warm conditions in the extratropics and a poleward-shifted storm track. Such changes in the storm track positio

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Degenhardt, Lisa, Gregor C. Leckebusch, and Adam A. Scaife. "Understanding winter windstorm predictability over Europe." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 2 (2024): 587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-587-2024.

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Abstract. Winter windstorms belong to the most damaging meteorological events in the extra-tropics. Their impact on society makes it essential to understand and improve seasonal forecasts of these extreme events. Skilful predictions on a seasonal timescale have been shown in previous studies by investigating hindcasts from various forecast centres. This study aims to explain storm forecast skill based on relevant dynamical factors. Therefore, a number of factors which are known to influence either windstorms directly or their synoptic relevant systems, mid-latitude cyclones, are investigated.

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Bičárová, Svetlana, Dušan Bilčík, Pavol Nejedlík, Rastislav Janík, and Daniela Kellerová. "Changes in the surface ozone after the windstorm in 2004, in the High Tatras." Folia Forestalia Polonica 57, no. 2 (2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0007.

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Abstract Extreme wind event in November 2004 caused spacious destruction of slope forests in the Tatra National Park, Slovakia. Relevant changes of land cover motivated researchers to investigate damaged forest ecosystem and its response to different environmental conditions. Surface ozone (O3) is a minor but not negligible compound of the ambient air. Control strategies for the reduction of O3 precursor emissions have been applied in Europe during the last two decades. In spite of these reductions, air quality indices for O3 suggest that highland sites are more vulnerable to health and enviro

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Liao, Yijun, Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadi, and Richard L. Wood. "Deep Learning Classification of 2D Orthomosaic Images and 3D Point Clouds for Post-Event Structural Damage Assessment." Drones 4, no. 2 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4020024.

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Efficient and rapid data collection techniques are necessary to obtain transitory information in the aftermath of natural hazards, which is not only useful for post-event management and planning, but also for post-event structural damage assessment. Aerial imaging from unpiloted (gender-neutral, but also known as unmanned) aerial systems (UASs) or drones permits highly detailed site characterization, in particular in the aftermath of extreme events with minimal ground support, to document current conditions of the region of interest. However, aerial imaging results in a massive amount of data

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Romagnoli, Federica, Mauro Masiero, and Laura Secco. "Windstorm Impacts on Forest-Related Socio-Ecological Systems: An Analysis from a Socio-Economic and Institutional Perspective." Forests 13, no. 6 (2022): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060939.

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Windstorms are considered among the most impacting natural events for European forests and related Socio-Ecological Systems (SES). Given that their intensity and frequency are increasing, an in-depth understanding of their impacts is crucial to mitigate risks and potential negative effects. However, so far, scientific research on windstorm impacts has mainly focused on environmental dimensions, while socio-economic and institutional ones are rarely taken into consideration. Our analysis aims at enriching the current scientific knowledge on windstorm impacts on forest SES by providing an overvi

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Shamambo, Daniel, Bertrand Bonan, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Clément Albergel, and Sebastian Hahn. "Interpretation of ASCAT Radar Scatterometer Observations Over Land: A Case Study Over Southwestern France." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (2019): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232842.

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This paper investigates to what extent soil moisture and vegetation density information can be extracted from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) satellite-derived radar backscatter (σ°) in a data assimilation context. The impact of independent estimates of the surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) of diverse vegetation types on ASCAT σ° observations is simulated over southwestern France using the water cloud model (WCM). The LAI and SSM variables used by the WCM are derived from satellite observations and from the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) land

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Letson, Frederick W., Rebecca J. Barthelmie, Kevin I. Hodges, and Sara C. Pryor. "Intense windstorms in the northeastern United States." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 7 (2021): 2001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2001-2021.

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Abstract. Windstorms are a major natural hazard in many countries. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize intense windstorms during the last 4 decades in the US Northeast and determine both the sources of cyclones responsible for these events and the manner in which those cyclones differ from the cyclone climatology. The windstorm detection is based on the spatial extent of locally extreme wind speeds at 100 m height from the ERA5 reanalysis database. During the top 10 windstorms, wind speeds exceed their local 99.9th percentile over at least one-third of land-based ERA5 g

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Priestley, Matthew D. K., David B. Stephenson, Adam A. Scaife, Daniel Bannister, Christopher J. T. Allen, and David Wilkie. "Return levels of extreme European windstorms, their dependency on the North Atlantic Oscillation, and potential future risks." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 12 (2023): 3845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3845-2023.

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Abstract. Windstorms are the most damaging natural hazard across western Europe. Risk modellers are limited by the observational data record to only ∼ 60 years of comprehensive reanalysis data that are dominated by considerable inter-annual variability. This makes estimating return periods of rare events difficult and sensitive to the choice of the historical period used. This study proposes a novel statistical method for estimating wind gusts across Europe based on observed windstorm footprints. A good description of extreme wind speeds is obtained by assuming that gust speed peaks over thres

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Prósper, Miguel A., Ian Sosa Tinoco, Carlos Otero-Casal, and Gonzalo Miguez-Macho. "Downslope windstorms in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec during Tehuantepecer events: a numerical study with WRF high-resolution simulations." Earth System Dynamics 10, no. 3 (2019): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-485-2019.

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Abstract. Tehuantepecers or Tehuanos are extreme winds produced in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, blowing south through Chivela Pass, the mountain gap across the isthmus, from the Gulf of Mexico into the Pacific Ocean. They are the result of the complex interaction between large-scale meteorological conditions and local orographic forcings around Chivela Pass, and occur mainly in winter months due to cold air damming in the wake of cold fronts that reach as far south as the Bay of Campeche. Even though the name refers mostly to the intense mountain gap outflow, Tehuantepecer episodes can also gen

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Renggli, Dominik, Gregor C. Leckebusch, Uwe Ulbrich, Stephanie N. Gleixner, and Eberhard Faust. "The Skill of Seasonal Ensemble Prediction Systems to Forecast Wintertime Windstorm Frequency over the North Atlantic and Europe." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 9 (2011): 3052–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3518.1.

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The science of seasonal predictions has advanced considerably in the last decade. Today, operational predictions are generated by several institutions, especially for variables such as (sea) surface temperatures and precipitation. In contrast, few studies have been conducted on the seasonal predictability of extreme meteorological events such as European windstorms in winter. In this study, the predictive skill of extratropical wintertime windstorms in the North Atlantic/European region is explored in sets of seasonal hindcast ensembles from the Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble Sy

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Murnane, Richard J. "Climate Research and Reinsurance*." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85, no. 5 (2004): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-85-5-697.

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Extreme weather events produce some of the most deadly and costly natural disasters and are a major concern of the catastrophe reinsurance industry. For example, in 1992 Hurricane Andrew caused over $20 billion (in 2002 U.S. dollars) in insured losses, the largest loss on record due to a natural disaster. In addition, 26 of the top 30 insured losses were produced by extreme weather events, mainly landfalling hurricanes and typhoons and European windstorms. A better understanding of how extreme events vary with climate would benefit the reinsurance industry and society. The Risk Prediction Init

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Faranda, Davide. "Dynamical systems approaches to the study of climate with applications to 2022 extreme weather events." ESAIM: Proceedings and Surveys 74 (November 2023): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc/202374051.

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Between 1980 and 2020, extreme weather and climate change events have caused, in Europe, up to 520 billion euros in economic losses, according to a 2022 report released by the European Environment Agency. Many weather extreme events such as heatwaves, droughts, tropical cyclones and cold spells will change in frequency and/or intensity due to the ongoing anthropogenic climate change, driving our planet to unprecedented threats. From a theoretical point of view, such extreme events are difficult to characterize because they are rare and they do occur at specific spatiotemporal scales of the dyn

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Hochman, Assaf, Francesco Marra, Gabriele Messori, et al. "Extreme weather and societal impacts in the eastern Mediterranean." Earth System Dynamics 13, no. 2 (2022): 749–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-749-2022.

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Abstract. Gaining a holistic understanding of extreme weather, from its physical drivers to its impacts on society and ecosystems, is key to supporting future risk reduction and preparedness measures. Here, we provide an overview of the state of the art, knowledge gaps and key open questions in the study of extreme weather events over the vulnerable eastern Mediterranean. This region is situated in a transition zone between subtropical and mid-latitude climates. The large-scale atmospheric circulation and its interaction with regional synoptic systems (i.e., Cyprus Lows, Red Sea Troughs, Persi

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Youngman, Benjamin D., and David B. Stephenson. "A geostatistical extreme-value framework for fast simulation of natural hazard events." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2189 (2016): 20150855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0855.

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We develop a statistical framework for simulating natural hazard events that combines extreme value theory and geostatistics. Robust generalized additive model forms represent generalized Pareto marginal distribution parameters while a Student’s t -process captures spatial dependence and gives a continuous-space framework for natural hazard event simulations. Efficiency of the simulation method allows many years of data (typically over 10 000) to be obtained at relatively little computational cost. This makes the model viable for forming the hazard module of a catastrophe model. We illustrate

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Jaison, Ashbin, Asgeir Sorteberg, Clio Michel, and Øyvind Breivik. "Assessment of wind–damage relations for Norway using 36 years of daily insurance data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 4 (2024): 1341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1341-2024.

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Abstract. Extreme winds are by far the largest contributor to Norway’s insurance claims related to natural hazards. The predictive skills of four different damage functions are assessed for Norway at the municipality and national levels on daily and annual temporal scales using municipality-level insurance data and the high-resolution Norwegian hindcast (NORA3) wind speed data for the period 1985–2020. Special attention is given to extreme damaging events and occurrence probabilities of wind-speed-induced damage. Because of the complex topography of Norway and the resulting high heterogeneity

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Motreff, Yvon, Philippe Pirard, Sarah Goria, et al. "Increase in Psychotropic Drug Deliveries after the Xynthia Storm, France, 2010." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (2013): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008662.

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AbstractIntroductionDuring the night of February 27 and the early morning of February 28, 2010, 15 coastal municipalities situated in two French departments, Vendée and Charente-Maritime, were violently stricken by a severe windstorm named “Xynthia.” This storm caused the death of 12 individuals in Charente-Maritime and 29 people in Vendée. Houses, agricultural fields, and shellfish companies were severely flooded with seawater. Several thousand people temporarily had to leave their homes. The objective of this study was to estimate the short-term mental health impact of Xynthia, in terms of p

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Müller, M., and M. Kaspar. "Event-adjusted evaluation of weather and climate extremes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 2 (2014): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-473-2014.

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Abstract. After an overview of existing methods, we present a novel method of "event-adjusted" evaluation of extremeness of weather and climate events. It is based on optimization of both the considered area and the time duration for every event. The method consists of three steps: (i) estimation of return periods of a representative variable at individual sites, performed separately for various time windows; (ii) spatial interpolation of the point return period data; and (iii) searching the area and the time window in which the extremeness of the event was maximum. The extremeness is quantifi

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Müller, M., and M. Kaspar. "Event-adjusted evaluation of weather and climate extremes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 5 (2013): 4481–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-4481-2013.

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Abstract. After an overview of existing methods, we present a novel method of "event-adjusted" evaluation of extremeness of weather and climate events. It is based on optimization of both the considered area and the time duration for every event. The method consists of three steps: (i) estimation of return periods of a representative variable at individual sites, performed separately for various time windows; (ii) spatial interpolation of the point return period data; and (iii) averaging of return period values from individual pixels and optimization of the considered area and the time window.

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Gadiaga, Aliou, Appollonia Aimiosino Okhimamhe, Michael Thiel, and Oble Neya. "Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies of the Populations of Abuja and Ouagadougou in West Africa to the Various Impacts of Extreme Climate Events in Urban Areas." Climate 13, no. 7 (2025): 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13070132.

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Urban settings in West Africa are increasingly experiencing extreme weather events, such as heat waves, floods, and windstorms. Climate phenomena exacerbated by global climate change are not unique to this region but reflect a broader trend of worldwide environmental changes. However, how local communities in tropical cities in the global south adapt to these extreme events is not fully understood. Understanding local adaptation strategies is crucial in enhancing our ability to develop context-specific policies that address climate vulnerabilities. This study aimed to analyse the adaptation an

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Leckebusch, Gregor C., and Uwe Ulbrich. "On the relationship between cyclones and extreme windstorm events over Europe under climate change." Global and Planetary Change 44, no. 1-4 (2004): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.011.

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Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Julián Rodríguez-Souilla, Lucía Bottan, Santiago Favoretti, and Juan M. Cellini. "Quantifying Blowdown Disturbance in Overstory Retention Patches in Managed Nothofagus pumilio Forests with Variable Retention Harvesting." Forests 15, no. 8 (2024): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15081432.

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The natural resilience of the forests to face impacts of blowdown damages was affected by harvesting operations. Variable retention harvesting (VRH) increases forest structure heterogeneity in managed stands and decreases blowdown damages. The objective of this study was to characterize blowdown in Nothofagus pumilio forests managed with VRH in Southern Patagonia (Argentina). We analyzed long-term plots and one area affected by a windstorm after harvesting (exposure to winds and influence of retention patches) using univariate analyses. We found a differential impact in retention patches compa

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Deroche, M. S., M. Choux, F. Codron, and P. Yiou. "Three variables are better than one: detection of european winter windstorms causing important damages." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 4 (2014): 981–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-981-2014.

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Abstract. In this paper, we present a new approach for detecting potentially damaging European winter windstorms from a multi-variable perspective. European winter windstorms being usually associated with extra-tropical cyclones (ETCs), there is a coupling between the intensity of the surface wind speeds and other meso-scale and large-scale features characteristic of ETCs. Here we focus on the relative vorticity at 850 hPa and the sea level pressure anomaly, which are also used in ETC detection studies, along with the ratio of the 10 m wind speed to its 98th percentile. When analysing 10 event

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Deroche, M. S., M. Choux, F. Codron, and P. Yiou. "Three variables are better than one: detection of European winter windstorms causing important damages." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 4 (2013): 4257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-4257-2013.

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Abstract. In this paper, we present a flexible methodology aimed at detecting European winter windstorms with high damage potential, using only meteorological variables. We start by analysing ten events known by the insurance industry to have caused extreme damages. Looking at their surface signature in three fields: the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the sea-level pressure anomaly, and the ratio of the 10 m wind speed to its 98th percentile, we find that those ten major events share an intense signature in all three fields. They were therefore extreme extra-tropical cyclones that became major

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Földi, László, and József Padányi. "Climate Change as a Challenge to the Armed Forces." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES/SODOBNI VOJAŠKI IZZIVI 24, no. 4 (2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.24.4.2.

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Abstract Threats to national security are becoming more and more diverse, and factors are emerging which we did not expect. In recent decades, we have increasingly perceived extreme environmental events resulting from climate change as threats. This includes natural disasters related to weather, climate and/or water (windstorms, extreme precipitation, heat waves and extreme cold, wildfires, droughts,.). Military forces are carrying out their operations while being more and more affected by difficult environmental circumstances, and in addition their use in disaster management has become indisp

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Faranda, Davide, Gabriele Messori, Erika Coppola, et al. "ClimaMeter: contextualizing extreme weather in a changing climate." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 3 (2024): 959–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-959-2024.

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Abstract. Climate change is a global challenge with multiple far-reaching consequences, including the intensification and increased frequency of many extreme-weather events. In response to this pressing issue, we present ClimaMeter, a platform designed to assess and contextualize extreme-weather events relative to climate change. The platform offers near-real-time insights into the dynamics of extreme events, serving as a resource for researchers and policymakers while also being a science dissemination tool for the general public. ClimaMeter currently analyses heatwaves, cold spells, heavy pr

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Pan, Weiqi, Yang Li, Zishan Guo, and Yuanshi Zhang. "Interdependent Expansion Planning for Resilient Electricity and Natural Gas Networks." Processes 12, no. 4 (2024): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12040775.

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This study explores enhancing the resilience of electric and natural gas networks against extreme events like windstorms and wildfires by integrating parts of the electric power transmissions into the natural gas pipeline network, which is less vulnerable. We propose a novel integrated energy system planning strategy that can enhance the systems’ ability to respond to such events. Our strategy unfolds in two stages. Initially, we devise expansion strategies for the interdependent networks through a detailed tri-level planning model, including transmission, generation, and market dynamics withi

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Xoplaki, Elena, Florian Ellsäßer, Jens Grieger, et al. "Compound events in Germany in 2018: drivers and case studies." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 2 (2025): 541–64. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-541-2025.

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Abstract. Europe frequently experiences a wide range of extreme events and natural hazards, including heatwaves, extreme precipitation, droughts, cold spells, windstorms, and storm surges. Many of these events do not occur as single extreme events but rather show a multivariate character, known as compound events. We investigate the interactions between extreme weather events, their characteristics, and changes in their intensity and frequency, as well as uncertainties in the past, present, and future. We also explore their impacts on various socio-economic sectors in Germany and central Europ

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Sogut, Erdinc, and Ali Farhadzadeh. "SCOURING AND LOADING OF IDEALIZED BEACHFRONT BUILDING DURING OVERLAND FLOODING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.sediment.7.

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The coastlines of the United States are susceptible to tsunamis, windstorms, and other types of flooding hazards. In the past few years, extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy resulted in the loss of lives and properties, costing the nation billions of dollars. Despite the elevated risk of extreme coastal events, the population in coastal communities has been steadily increasing. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the morphodynamics of flooding around near-coast structures. Experimental work has been undertaken to characterize the initiation and dev

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Tavora, Juliana, Mhd Suhyb Salama, Marloes Penning de Vries, Chris M. Mannaerts, and Daphne van der Wal. "Detecting the Effects of Extreme Events on Estuarine Suspended Particulate Matter Using Satellite Remote Sensing (Scheldt Estuary): Challenges and Opportunities." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (2023): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030670.

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Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) plays an important role in controlling water quality, particularly in turbid estuaries. SPM may be impacted by changes in weather and climate, including potential changes in the frequency or intensity of extremes. Yet, the linkages between extreme events in wind and river discharge, and particularly the role these have on local dynamics and spatial patterns of estuarine SPM are, to date, largely unknown. This study investigates the effects that wind and river discharge have on SPM in a turbid estuary. It uses atmospherically corrected remotely sensed reflecta

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