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Hoffman, Hailey Anne. "Does al-Qaeda matter for Africa? how affiliation with al-Qaeda influences the behavior of African Sunni extremist groups /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/647971267/viewonline.
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Janbek, Dana. "The Use of the Internet as a Communication Medium by Extremist Muslim Groups: A Content Analysis of Web Sites." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/273.
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The use of Web sites by terrorist groups has been evident since the mid 1990s. Security experts and researchers have identified terror-related Internet activity as a growing area of concern, especially following the attacks of September 11, 2001. Terrorist groups using the Internet pose two distinct threats. The first is cyberterrorism: terrorists using the Internet destructively and directly to bring about harm to persons or property, including, attacks on Web sites. The second is the use of the Internet as a communication medium to further the cause of terrorism or a particular organization. As of 2008, Weimann (2008b) estimated that over 6,000 terrorist Web sites exist, but the definition of a terrorist Web site is not always clear. This study analyzed the content of 30 "extremist" sites and defined those as sites that endorse hatred and violence towards the United States and its allies by sharing their hatred and actively promoting their ideologies online. This research examined the source of the message, the message content, the types of receivers intended, the channels used to communicate the message, the purpose of the message, and the effects of the message. Results indicate that a major purpose of the organizations is to justify their actions to skeptics. The organizations have built a virtual extremist community with each other and outside members where their sum is greater than their total. The actual impact of these sites is difficult to measure. However, while Web 2.0 features are employed on these sites, this study argues that censorship and forum rules restrict members from engaging in a real dialogue thus limiting the potential of recruiting moderates.
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Tierney, Kathryn E. "Study of Navy and Marine Corps prison inmates affiliated with gangs and extremist groups : trends and issues for enlistment screening." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9029.
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This thesis examines self-identified gang members and extremists incarcerated in Navy and Marine Corps brigs and disciplinary barracks. Information was gathered from interviews conducted with inmates. The interviews focused on several key issues, including reasons for enlisting in the Navy and Marine Corps; truthfulness with recruiters concerning certain illegal activities prior to enlistment, including juvenile arrests and convictions; the nature and severity of crimes for which members were convicted, including links with gangs or extremist groups; and reasons for lack of assimilation and acculturation into military service. This thesis also provides background information on present enlistment screening procedures, current Department of Defense policies concerning gangs and extremist groups, and demographic data on the characteristics of self- admitted gang members who are incarcerated in a Navy brig. Common themes that emerged from the interviews are presented, and selected summaries are included in an appendix. In addition, the study examines enlistment screening procedures for identifying applicants who have gang or extremist group affiliations, and recommends a number of areas for farther research
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Coffin, McKinley D. "Prison radicalization the new extremist training grounds? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FCoffin.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Brannan, David. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available in print.
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Rhodes, Claire Davies. "Crude ideology, sophisticated communication: An analysis of extremist group web content aimed at youth." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460873.
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Henderson, Gregory Clark. "Pneumatically-powered robotic exoskeleton to exercise specific lower extremity muscle groups in humans." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47624.
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A control method is proposed for exercising specific muscles of a human's lower body. This is accomplished using an exoskeleton that imposes active force feedback control. The proposed method involves a combined dynamic model of the musculoskeletal system of the lower-body with the dynamics of pneumatic actuators. The exoskeleton is designed to allow for individual control of mono-articular or bi-articular muscles to be exercised while not inhibiting the subject's range of motion.
The control method has been implemented in a 1-Degree of Freedom (DOF) exoskeleton that is designed to resist the motion of the human knee by applying actuator forces in opposition to a specified muscle force profile. In this research, there is a discussion on the model of the human's lower body and how muscles are affected as a function of joint positions. Then it is discussed how to calculate for the forces needed by a pneumatic actuator to oppose the muscles to create the desired muscle force profile at a given joint angles. The proposed exoskeleton could be utilized either for rehabilitation purposes, to prevent muscle atrophy and bone loss of astronauts, or for muscle training in general.
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Corte, Ugo. "Subcultures and Small Groups : A Social Movement Theory Approach." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172988.
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This dissertation uses social movement theory to analyze the emergence, activities and development of subcultures and small groups. The manuscript is comprised of an Introduction followed by three journal articles and one book chapter. The introduction discusses: 1) the concept of theoretical extension whereby a theory developed for one purpose is adapted to another; 2) it identifies the social movement theories used to analyze subcultures and small groups; 3) it describes the data used in the analyses included here. The data for this work derives from two distinct research projects conducted by the author between 2002 and 2012 and relies on multiple sources of qualitative data. Data collection techniques used include fieldwork, archival research, and secondary data. Paper I uses resource mobilization (RM) theory to analyze the origin, development, and function of White Power music in relation to the broader White Power Movement (WPM). The research identifies three roles played by White Power music: (1) recruit new adherents, (2) frame issues and ideology for the construction of collective identity, (3) obtain financial resources. Paper II gives an overview of the subculture of Freestyle BMX, discussing its origins and developments—both internationally as a wider subcultural phenomenon, and locally, through a three-year ethnographic case study of a subcultural BMX scene known as “Pro Town USA.” Paper III conceptualizes BMX as a social movement using RM theory to identify and explain three different forms of commercialization within this lifestyle sport in “Pro Town.” The work sheds light on the complex process of commercialization within lifestyle sports by identifying three distinct forms of commercialization: paraphernalia, movement, and mass market, and analyses different impacts that each had on the on the development of the local scene. Findings reveal that lifestyle-sport insiders actively collaborate in each form of commercialization, especially movement commercialization which has the potential to build alternative lifestyle-sport institutions and resist adverse commercial influences. Paper IV refines the small group theory of collaborative circles by: (1) further clarifying its concepts and relationships, (2) integrating the concepts of flow and idioculture, and (3) introducing a more nuanced concept of resources from RM. The paper concludes by demonstrating that circle development was aided by specific locational, human, moral, and material resources as well as by complementary social-psychological characteristics of its members.
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Harris, Kira Jade. "Leaving ideological social groups behind: A Grounded theory of psychological disengagement." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1587.
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Much of the current disengagement literature focuses on the causes of an individual leaving a radical social group with the intention of countering fundamentalism and violent extremism. However, the link between the cause and the decision to disengage is unclear as one cause may facilitate disengagement for one member and not another. Minimal empirical research exists on the individual’s psychological experience of disengagement and the studies that have been done tend to focus on sole ideologies or group types. What is lacking in the field of disengagement is a broader understanding of the core psychological experience across a broad range of ideological social group types. The current research addressed this gap by including participants from a diverse range of ideological social groups, where the criterion that defined these social groups was the member’s identification. The strength of identification to the group was to be sufficiently strong so that members were willing to jeopardise their wellbeing, or that of others, for the benefit of the group’s objectives.
The current research sought to further the understanding of psychological disengagement and to construct a theory drawn from the experiences of those who have left ideological social groups. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 former members of social groups with high levels of entitativity, such as one percent motorcycle clubs, military special operations forces, cults, white supremacy, and fundamental religious or political groups. Utilising a grounded theory methodology and analysis, the discrepancy between group membership and the self-concept was identified as the core theme in the disengagement experience. The grounded theory of psychological disengagement details the process of experiencing a threat relating to the self, identifying a self-concept discrepancy and subsequent methods to reduce this discrepancy, achieving physical disengagement and developing a post-exit identity.
The findings demonstrate that participants followed a consistent pattern of moving towards membership reappraisal and disengagement. This process began with a personal threat that was related to, or derived from, the social group, and ended with the reformation of the self as a former member. The group was perceived as inconsistent with the self-concept held by the participant in four domains; (1) competence, (2) virtue, (3) power and (4) significance. The inconsistency and the psychological identification with such a group conflicted with personally held goals and values, and threatened the participants’ psychological integrity. For the participants in the current study, this self-discrepancy was resolved by employing four self-concept management strategies to restore psychological integrity; (1) the forming of an atypical identity, (2) utilising adaptive preferences (3) using justifications and rationalisations, and (4) the making of amends. These self-concept strategies, applied in isolation or in combination, contributed to participants psychologically, as well as physically, disengaging from the group as a means of restoring consistency between their self-concept and social identity. The physical disengagement led to initial feelings of relief over the decision-making process and freedom over the removal of lifestyle restrictions. These positive emotions gave way to feelings of grief over the loss of positive in-group aspects and concerns for the future. A post exit identity was adopted when the group experience was embraced and personal reflections followed a more positive approach.
Implications for policy and specific areas where members may benefit from additional support are identified. This research contributes to the current understanding of disengagement, as well as group dependency and ideological attachment from a unique perspective. Directions for future research and implementations of the findings of the current research are discussed.
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Standifird, Tyler W. "Lower Extremity Joint Moments During the Active Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Three Different Running Conditions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2982.
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The purpose of this study was to compare joint moments during the active peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) when running in three conditions. Twenty-five subjects, sixteen male and nine female, were measured using 3-dimensional motion analysis while running barefoot, in Vibram FiveFingers® (VF®) minimalist running shoes and in traditional running shoes at a 7-minute-mile pace (3.84 m/s). Joint moment differences were calculated and compared using a mixed model analysis of variance. Results showed the VF® was effective at mimicking both the kinetic and kinematic attributes of barefoot running. The only significant difference found when comparing barefoot and VF® running was in the ankle angle (p < .005). All other variables in the lower extremity were the same for the two conditions. Though the subjects in our study had no previous experience with VF® (or barefoot) running they were able to closely mimic barefoot running upon initial running trials. Joint moments at the ankle were higher for barefoot and VF® running (p < .001) when compared with shod running. This may potentially lead to a greater risk of injury at the ankle joint when running barefoot or in VF®. The hip joint moments were only different when comparing the barefoot condition to the shod condition (p=.002), with the barefoot condition higher than shod running. The knee joint moment was smaller during the VF® and barefoot conditions when compared with shod running (p < .001) and may lead to a decrease in injury rates at the knee. Though a reduction in moments of the lower extremity may lead to a decrease of injury at the corresponding joint, it is important to consider the adaptations that take place as a result of varying stresses. According to Wolff's law, bone and surrounding tissue will adapt to the loads it is placed under. Taking this into consideration, it is important to remember that lower moments may lead to weaker bones and surrounding tissues and without compensation for these reduced loads, injury rates may remain the same over time.
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Gage, Matthew J. "The Effects of Abdominal Training on Postural Control, Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activation." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3125.pdf.
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Gole, Tamang Bishal. "Exploration of Physiological and Molecular Responses to Precipitation Extremes in Soybean and Nitrogen Fertility in Wheat." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73045.
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Soybean and wheat are important crop species due to their significance for human consumption, animal feed, and industrial use. However, increasing global population and worsening climate change have put a major strain on the production system of these crops. Natural disasters such as flooding and drought can severely impact growth and productivity of these crops. In addition, increased application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers to meet the global food demand has led to environment related issues. Therefore, with a goal of understanding mechanisms of flooding and drought tolerance in soybean and nitrogen-use-efficiency in wheat, we explored their physiological and transcriptomic regulation. We characterized the fundamental acclimation responses of soybean to flooding and drought and compared the metabolic and transcriptomic regulation during the stresses in a tissue-specific manner. We demonstrated the dynamic reconfiguration of gene expression and metabolism during flooding, drought, and recovery from these stresses. Our study displayed that flooding triggers more dramatic adjustments than drought at the transcriptional level. We also identified that the soybean genome encodes nine members of group VII ERF genes and characterized their responses in leaves and roots under flooding and drought. Based on the expression patterns, it is estimated that two of the nine genes are promising candidate genes regulating tolerance to submergence and drought. In addition, our genome-scale expression analysis discovered commonly induced ERFs and MAPKs across both stresses (flooding and drought) and tissues (leaves and roots), which might play key roles in soybean survival of flooding and drought. In wheat, we evaluated the effect of three different nitrogen rates on yield and its components across four diverse soft red winter wheat genotypes. The cultivar Sisson displayed superior performance in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency at low nitrogen levels. Our results suggested that improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in low nitrogen environments can be achieved through the selection of three components: grain number/spike, 1000-seed weight, and harvest index. Overall, this study has advanced our understanding of how plants respond to abiotic stresses such as flooding, drought, and nutrient limitation conditions.<br>Ph. D.
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Borrmann, Stefan. "Soziale Arbeit mit rechten Jugendcliquen." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2666266&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Nilsson, Johanna. "Lower extremity function in patients following hip arthroscopy and an asymptomatic control group. A cross-sectional comparison based on self- reported outcomes and performance based measures." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64867.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate physical function, measured with self-reported outcomes and performance-based measures (PBMs), in patients 6-10 months following hip arthroscopy (HA) compared to an asymptomatic control group. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison (21 patients, 22 controls) based on self-reported outcomes (HAGOS), range of motion (ROM), muscle strength and PBMs (The Y-balance test (cm), medial and lateral triple hop test (cm) and Illinois agility test (s)). Independent sample t test was performed to asses between-group differences. Results: HA-patients reported significantly worse self-reported outcomes in all HAGOS subscales, greatest difference was in QoL (-37,3 (95% CI -47,9; -26,8) p<0.001). HA-patients also reported significantly lower results (p<0.05) in active and passive flexion (ROM) and external rotation (strength). No significant differences were observed regarding PBMs. Conclusions: HA-patients reported significantly lower hip function following HA compared with the control group. Lower muscle strength and ROM were observed in patients however, few differences were significant. No significant differences were observed regarding PBMs. This could indicate that physical function is re-established in patients 6-10months after surgery or that tests were not sensitive enough to detect potential remaining functional limitations in this patient group.
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Eckburg, Meredith L. "Sex and Foot Posture Affects Ground Reaction Forces during a Single-leg Drop Landing." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212624080.
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Wright, Frances Virginia Rosenbaum Peter. "How do changes in impairment, activity and participation relate to each other : results of a study of a group of young ambulatory children with cerebral palsy who have received lower extremity botulinum toxin type-A injections /." [Hamilton, Ont.] : McMaster University, 2005.
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Dagnes, Alison D. "White noise: The political uses of Internet technology by right -wing extremist groups." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3110477.
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The Internet helps right-wing extremist groups reach and connect with the American public because their message of anti-government sentiment is an attractive one. As the nation continues to grow increasingly disaffected with the political system as a whole, the anti-government message of the extremist Right will prove to be progressively more attractive to those who are not extreme. History has shown that the radical Right has always tapped into the mainstream to reach the disaffected, and ideological surveys show that many of the position stands concerning the size and scope of the federal government are shared by both the extreme and the moderate. Media framing, the process by which articles and features are shaped to provide an understanding context, affords the media one way to describe the extreme right while it offers the extreme right another way of describing themselves. When the extreme takes to the Internet to describe itself, outside the mainstream broadcast media, it is able to form a message that appeals to the public because of its seeming moderation, attention to hot-button issues, and similarities to conventional negative politics. When all is said and done, the Internet simply provides a new forum for the disaffected and politically angry. This forum, however, is incredibly potent in its abilities to deliver a message quickly, affordably, and—most importantly—privately. This opens the door to potentially dangerous political communication between potentially violent and increasingly disaffected people.
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Uxa, Tomáš. "Morfologie fosilních tříděných strukturních půd Krkonoš." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312310.
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Sorted patterned ground are a group of periglacial microforms which create more or less symmetrical forms due to frost action and especially repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The origin of sorted patterned ground in the Giant Mts. is presumed in late Pleistocene and they are suggested to be recently inactive (with the exception of sorted circles). Their occurrence is linked to the topmost localities with flat surfaces and intense wind action which causes low snow cover and allow deep soil freezing. The submitted diploma thesis deals with the influence of site characteristics (such as microclimatic extremity, terrain morphology and lithology) on morphology and sorting degree of sorted patterned ground. Field research was carried out along a transect tracing the microclimatic extremity gradient (represented by altitude and so-called relative snow height) in area of Mt. Luční hora in the eastern part of the Giant Mts. which in relatively homogeneous from the viewpoint of lithology and wind exposure. The transect was further extended across the Modré sedlo Saddle to the Mt. Studniční hora where there also occur various types of fossil sorted patterned ground or quasi- active sorted circles in the Modré sedlo Saddle, respectively. However, there is a variability of lithological as well as altitude...
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Bonnin, Kayla. "Lighting the female fuse: group fusion, devoted actors, and female suicide bombers." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37101.
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This thesis intends to revise and update devoted actor theory (DAT) by introducing a neglected dataset—female suicide bombers. DAT provides one such theoretical framework for understanding extremist group behavior and, to a lesser extent, suicidal bombing. DAT is largely satisfying: its claims and conclusions address relevant issues and provide compelling answers to critical questions. However, it is not without its analytical and empirical gaps. Crucially, DAT does not explicitly account for the narratives and characteristic motives of female suicide bombers—which often differ in logic, content, and tone from those of their male counterparts.
In addition, DAT assumes that people who are fused with extreme groups are willing to self-sacrifice for their group, but the theory does not account for how this fusion process transpires. Therefore, I propose two amendments to DAT that not only address theoretical issues, which arise partially from the lack of female terrorist accounts, but also creates a narrative that bridges the gap that would explain how an individual progresses from bonding to a group to making the decision to die for it. Accordingly, I also propose to theorize a psychosocial process that links the way in which individuals, specifically females, become fused to a group and edge closer to the most extreme of extremist decisions: to annihilate their bodies and selves, while at the same time annihilating or wreaking havoc upon the lives of others whom they have deemed enemies of themselves or their group.
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Tseng, Yu-Kuan, and 曾玉寬. "Analysis of Ground Reaction Force and EMG Activity of Lower Extremity in Step Aerobics." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xfh26c.
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碩士<br>國立體育學院<br>教練研究所<br>90<br>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that changing cadence and ways of approaching step in different step height had on ground reaction force and the electromyography（EMG）activity of lower extremity. Sixteen female volunteers were recruited to perform at two difference step heights：four and eight inches. Subjects performed eight ”reverse”basic step（down-down-up-up）for each condition during which ground reaction force and EMG activity were measured. They moved with music at a cadence of 125, 136 and 142 beats per minute (BPM). Measurement of peak impact force, maximum loading rate and IEMG of rectus femoris and hamstring was made. Statistically significant differences were found to exist for peak impact force and maximum loading rate between different exercise rates, front and astride, back and astride direction. Statistically significant differences were also found to exist for EMG signal of rectus femoris and hamstring between different exercise rates. The study suggests that participants should step with low step height and cadence below 125 BPM to reduce risks of sport injuries.
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Wu, Jia-Bao, and 吳家寶. "Automatic segmentation of different functional groups of lower extremity muscle on MRI : Combination of mathematical morphology and anatomy knowledge methods." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06002016220192743442.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>98<br>Segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images has numerous clinical applications: Being an auxiliary tool in diagnosis and treatment, making epidemiological statistics easier to carry on, being an important step in data analysis of all kinds of medical researches. However, most of the segmentation has been done manually or at most semi-automatically. The process is time- and energy-consuming and difficult to be standardized. Automatic segmentation algorithms of MR images for some of the body parts, such as the brain, have been developed with success. The muscular tissue is a major component of the human body, however, to our knowledge, no similar studies had been done on automatic muscle segmentation on MR images.
The goal of this study is to develop an automatic segmentation scheme to correctly assign different functional muscle groups on MR images of the human lower extremities. We speculated that the results could be used in increasing muscle-tissue-related researches, such as the monitoring of muscle volume change over the time for the victims of muscular dystrophy diseases and investigation of the use and the performance of different muscles in athletes of various sport types. The grouping and the surrounding anatomic structures are quite different for muscles located at different body parts. For convenience and to support another research of our labs, we chose to target at lower extremities, muscles from pelvis to ankle, as the object of the study. Since the MR signals for all muscles are more or less similar, instead of singling out an individual muscle, our study focused on automatic classification of functional muscle groups.
In the thesis, the lower extremities were first divided into several longitudinal anatomic segments based on the principles of proximity and anatomic similarity. Since the MR signals are quite different among bones, fascia, fat, and muscles, subcutaneous fat, ilium of the pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, meniscus, and the muscular fascia are available as boundaries. Equipped by this knowledge, we applied mathematical morphological operations such as erosion, dilation, open, and close, and other image processing techniques such as regional growing and filling to designate muscle areas on an MR image as one of the eight muscle functional groups. The results of the automatic segmentation were then compared against the classification manually made by a physical therapist. We found that the average total absolute error (relative error) ± the standard deviation of our automatic segmentation is 1736.5 (13.5%) ± 1071.8 ml, with 490.2 (14.0%) ± 371.8 ml of the knee extensors as the largest absolute error and 41.3 (7.7%) ± 11.6 ml of the ankle flexors as the smallest. On the other hand, the largest relative error is hip flexors’ 242.8 (24.4%) ± 140.2 ml and the smallest the ankle extensors’ 153.1 (6.7%) ± 94.3 ml.
The study presents that the combined mathematical morphology and human anatomy knowledge approach successfully divided muscles of lower extremity MR images into meaningful functional groups without human intervention. In the future, the accuracy of this method could be further improved by more sophisticated revision such as MR-atlas registration. Applications on other body parts and tissues such as abdominal visceral fat are under investigation. We expect the results of this and related studies to be helpful in body-composition-related researches and perhaps also in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Funke, Nicola Sigrid. "The ideology of Islamic Fundamentalist Groups in Algeria, Sudan and South Africa : a political analysis." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28805.
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Islamic fundamentalism is a hotly debated and contested issue in the global arena and is often depicted as having replaced communism as the predominant threat to the West in the post-Cold War world. This study analyses the ideologies espoused by Islamic fundamentalist groups in Algeria, Sudan and South Africa by means of the dialogic model of interpretation in order to arri ve at a more thorough, less judgment al understanding thereof. The study begins with an in -depth analysis of various definitions of the concept Islamic fundamentalism. This is followed by a critical discussion of rationalist approaches to Islamic fundamentalism as well as reference to the ir shortcomings in order to justify the use of the dialogic model of interpretation. This model aims to critically evaluate Islamic fundamentalist ideas through interaction with the irrespective originators, thereby questioning the validity of a s ingle Western rationalist- inspired version of the truth. Structural factors, the political, cultural and soc io-economic conditions in Algeria, Sudan and South Africa, are also accommodated by the model. Consequently, the rise of Islamic revivalism is discussed within the historical context of the increasing influence of the West in the world of Islam and the introduction (and eventual failure) of secularist ideologies in the post-independence era. The focus is on different strands of Islamic political thought, Islamic fundamentalists, Islamic traditionalists, Islamic modernists and Islamic pragmatists. The country case studies, Algeria, Sudan and South Africa are then approached by means of an indepth analysis of the ideologies of prominent Islamic fundamentalist groups, as well as a consideration of structural (political, economic and social) factors. [n the case of Algeria, a detailed discuss ion of the ideology of the Front Islamique du Salut (F1S - Islamic Salvation Front) is placed in the context of the rise of Islamic fundamentalism and the dynamics of the current civil war. When it comes to Sudan, the ideology of the ruling National Islamic Front (NIF) is discussed, and is also placed in the context of the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in that country, as well as a discussion of government policies since 1989, with specific reference to the Sudanese civ il war and the current crisis in the Darfur region. In terms of South Africa, the focus is on the ideology of People against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD), which is placed in the context of the urban terrorist attacks that characterised the Western Cape a few years ago. The final chapter looks at what has been learned from using the dialogic model of interpretation (with an additional evaluation of structural factors) as a theoretical approach. Recommendations are made with regard to each of the respective case studies which may be potentially useful for a future resolution of the conflicts in Algeria and Sudan, and, in the case of South Africa, may help ensure continuing stability as far as Islamic fundamentalism is concerned. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MA (Political Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006.<br>Political Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Liu, Fen, and 劉棻. "The Effectiveness of a Support Group Program for Patients with Lower Extremity Amputation in the Prosthetic Rehabilitation Center." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39894455383693388864.
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博士<br>長庚大學<br>臨床醫學研究所<br>98<br>More than 6,800 lower-extremity amputations (LEA) are performed annually in Taiwan. Living with limb loss may cause a number of challenges in physical, psychological and social dimensions, as well as quality of life. Although it has been demonstrated that support groups can decrease individual’s stress and promote their adjustment, no study has examined the effectiveness of a support group program for people with LEA in Taiwan. The major purposes of this study were to (1) develop the amputee support group (ASG) program for patients with LEA specifically, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the ASG program.
This study included 2 phases. In phase I, according to the findings of phenomenological approach and many other methods, the needs of amputees were assessed and an ASG program was developed with cultural consideration. The 6-session support group program ran for 2-hour twice a week for a period of 3 weeks. In phase II, a quasi-experimental trial with a time-series design was selected to identify the outcomes of the ASG program. The study subjects were recruited from three large prosthetic rehabilitation centers in northern part of Taiwan. Out of 85 eligible patients were assigned into the experimental group (attending 3-week ASG program) or the control group (CG, received routine care) according to their personal choice, 78 completed the study (ASG group = 34, CG = 44). Instruments included the Chinese version of Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data were collected at pre-test, post-test, 3 months and 6 months following the intervention. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the effectiveness of the ASG program on outcome measures over time.
The 3-week ASG program effectively improved the perceived social support and 5 domains of HRQOL (physical function, social function, mental health, vitality and general health) of participants in the experimental group at 3-month follow-up, with maintaining at 6 months. For the depressive symptoms and domains of physical role limitations and bodily pain of HRQOL, significant effects were observed at 6-month follow-up. In addition, the scores of emotional role limitations had gradually improved in the experimental group but did not yield statistical significance during the research period. These results suggested that participation in the ASG program may generally improve health-related quality of life and perceived social support and decrease depressive symptoms for lower-extremity amputees. It is anticipated that the findings may provide information for health professionals to develop the discharge planning and provide continuity of care for persons with LEA in the future.
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Bartlett, Christopher. "Effect of orthotic intervention on lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces in subjects with excessive pronation." 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-135). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Wu, Tzung-Hsine, and 吳宗憲. "The relationship between different hand positions on ground and joint loading in upper extremity during push-up exercise." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12918585411332080851.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>醫學工程學系<br>86<br>Abstract Recently, as the incidence of trauma and arthritis
increases in the upperextremity, clinical use of the total
prosthesis for rheumatoid and post-traumaticarthritis and the
resulting complications of prosthetic loosening the
dislocationhave instigated the need to further understand the
mechanism of joint disorderin the shoulder, the elbow, and the
wrist joint. Hence, we will investigate thestatic and dynamic
forces within the joints during simulated loading of theupper
extremity. In this research, there are six sets of push-up
exercises with differenthand positions(Normal, Apart, Together,
Superior, Inferior, 2nd Normal). Tenhealthy male subjects,who
were functionally right-handed, were instructed toperform a
''slow'' push-up of approximately 4 sec duration.
Intersegmentalloading pattern across the upper extremity will be
studied and recorded to establish a database; then, it will be
compare the relationship between differenthands position and
joint loading across the upper extremity during push-upexercise.
In this study was combined Motion Analysis System and Force
PlateSystem over the biomechanical model, inverse dynamics and
computer programsto calaulate the joint force and joint moment
by push-up exercises with differenthand positions. Experiment
has shown that peak forces exerted on the elbow and wrist joint
along the forearm axis averaged 46.9% of the the body weight for
the''Normal'' hand position and were significantly decreased if
hands werepositioned either ''apart'' or ''superior'' from ''normal'';
furthermore, the peakforces exerted on the shoulder joint are
the anterior-posterior shear force whichbrought a unstable
foundation averaged 46.3% of the body weight for the''normal''
hand position. The peak torque in the ''normal'' position tends
toproduce elbow flexion and was 1658.8 N-cm(50.6% of the maximal
isometric extensor torque), also if hands were positioned
''Apart'' and ''Together''averaged 30%, 70.2% of the maximal
isometric extensor torque. The maximalextension moment in the
''normal'' position tend to produce shoulder extensionand was
6203.8 N-cm, also if hands were positioned ''inferior'', the
extensionmoment was significantly swelled to 7397.2 N-cm. The
maximal torque aboutthe forearm axis is tended to produce
forearm with a mean value of296.6 N-cm (33% of the maximal
isometric supinator torque). The maximalvalgus torque at the
elbow opposed by the medial ligamentous and geometricstructure
was 998.6 N-cm and was significantly swelled to 1160 N-cm if
thehand was positioned ''superior''. They have shown the
different moments are exerted on the shoulder ifhands were
positioned either ''superior'' or ''inferior'' from ''normal''.
Thepeak torque was significantly decreased if hands were
positioned ''superior'';teh peak torque was significantly
increased if hands were positioned ''inferior''.Toward the
differences between ''superior'' and ''inferior'',the shoulder
adoptsthe different strategy to push-up. Hands positioned
''superior'' are the splay out;''inferior'' retact. The results in
this study let us understand the pattern of thekinematics and
the kinetics during push-up exercises, and will warrant a
greaterunderstanding of the mechanism of injury extremity.
Furthermore,these data will be helpful in clinical treatment and
rehabilitation.
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TSAI, CHUNG-NAN, and 蔡仲南. "Effect of Lower-Extremity Isokinetic Strength and Ground Reaction Forces on the Ball Velocity in Professional Baseball Pitcher." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20318409690842765682.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>競技與教練科學研究所<br>105<br>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of lower extremity isokinetic strength, ground reaction force and ball velocity in professional baseball pitchers.
Method: A total of 6 male professional baseball players participated in this study. This study use the Biodex to collect the data of the isokinetic strength peak torque. Use the AMTI force plate to collect the Kinetics data, and 3D Motion Analysis System were synchronized to identify each phase of pitching movement. The subjects have to pitch 3 times at the experiment, and choose the fastest one to analyze.
Results: 1. In stride phase the ground reaction force of pivot leg, the ground reaction force divide by their weight of pivot leg and the impulse of ground reaction force of pivot leg showed on significant with ball velocity at relationship. 2. The results showed that the maximum isokinetics strength of pivot leg hip adduction in angular velocity 180 o/s, 300 o/s, 360 o/s (r=.815, r=.813 & r=878; p<.05), pivot leg hip abduction in angular velocity 180 o/s, 300 o/s (r=.955; p<.01, r=.908; p<.05), pivot leg hip flexion in angular velocity in 60 o/s (r=.890; p<.05), pivot leg ankle dorsiflexion in angular velocity 300 o/s (r=.832, p<.05), stride leg hip abduction in angular velocity 60 o/s, 300 o/s, 360 o/s (r=.839, r=.885 & r=.842; p<.05), stride leg knee flexion in angular velocity 300 o/s, 360 o/s (r=.887 & r=.851; p<.05) and the pitched ball velocity have correlation.
The hip abduction, hip internal rotation and knee extension torques of the pivot leg and the hip adduction torque of the stride leg when it contacted the ground were significantly greater in the high pitched ball velocity groups than in the low pitched ball velocity groups. But in this study the isokinetic strength did not detect hips internal rotation and external rotation, so the study cannot compare with references.
Conclusion: 1. Although the ground reaction force of pivot leg showed no significant at relatonship with ball velocity in stride phase, but the ground reaction force of pivot leg still play the important to support the body and push the body in pitching direction. 2. The current results indicate that high-ball-velocity is characterized by maximum isokinetics strength of lower extremities on hips abduction/ adduction specially. The present study suggests pitchers can increase maximum isokinetics strength of hips abduction and adduction in the both legs, and they can increase the ground reaction force. Also can increase the transferring energy from lower extremities to torso and pitching arm during pitching. Thus, the results obtained here indicate that for high ball velocity, lower extremities isokinetics strength during pitching plays an important role in order to increase the rotation and forward motion of the trunk and pitching arm.
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Martel-Perron, Roxane. "Le soutien social dans les trajectoires de désengagement de l’extrémisme : parcours et points de vue d’anciens membres de groupes d’extrême droite au Canada." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24177.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours des dernières années, les groupes d’extrême droite ont gagné une visibilité grandissante dans l’espace public au Canada comme ailleurs. Alors que chercheurs comme journalistes tentent de mieux comprendre cette mouvance diverse et évolutive, la littérature scientifique disponible demeure avant tout axé sur les groupes et les tendances plus que les mécanismes et les trajectoires individuelles. Ainsi peu de recherches sont venues s’intéresser aux processus dynamiques qui amènent les individus à rejoindre ou à quitter ces groupes. La présente recherche appréhende les trajectoires de désengagement de treize anciens membres de groupes extrémistes de droite canadiens et met en lumière leur point de vue sur ce vécu. À partir d’une méthodologie de récits de vie, nous mettons en perspective l’engagement et le désengagement de ces individus hors de différents groupes d’extrême droite et explorons le rôle du soutien social dans leurs parcours.
Alors que les chercheurs tentent de comprendre le désengagement de l’extrémisme en puisant dans les connaissances sur les thématiques de désistance et désaffiliation de groupes criminels, ou encore le désengagement de groupes marginaux, les thèmes abordés par nos sondés nous ont amenés à prendre un pas de côté et mobiliser plutôt la littérature sur le soutien social l’autodéveloppement (mutual aid and self-help). Développée autour des groupes d’entraide entre pairs de type Alcoolique Anonymes (AA), cette littérature nous permet de toucher du doigt des éléments jusqu’à présent peu explorés des trajectoires de désengagement, c’est-à-dire les différentes composantes du soutien social : le soutien affectif, l’intégration sociale (ou le soutien du réseau), le soutien à l’estime de soi, l’aide tangible, le soutien informatif et l’opportunité d’aider les autres (Cutrona & Russel, 1990).
Bien que largement idiosyncrasiques, les résultats de cette recherche démontrent que les trajectoires de sorties de l’extrémisme de droite sont parsemées de points de convergence. L’importance du soutien apporté par les proches (parents, conjointes, ami-e-s), la mise en valeur du savoir expérientiel via l’utilisation du modelage et l’opportunité d’aider les autres comme une façon de s’aider soi-même, sont quelques facteurs facilitant le désengagement qui sont explorés dans ce mémoire.<br>In recent years, far-right groups have gained increased visibility in Canada and elsewhere. While researchers and journalists alike are trying to better understand this diverse and evolving movement, scientific literature remains primarily focused on groups and trends rather than individual mechanisms and trajectories. As a result, little research has been done on the dynamic processes that lead individuals to join or leave these groups. This research examines the disengagement trajectories of former members of right-wing extremist groups in Canada and highlights their perspectives on this experience. Based on the life stories of thirteen former members, our paper will put into perspective their engagement and disengagement out of different far-right groups, and will explore the role of social support in their journeys.
While researchers are trying to understand disengagement from extremism by drawing on knowledge about disengagement and disaffiliation from criminal groups, or disengagement from marginal groups, the themes addressed by our respondents led us to take a step aside and instead mobilize the literature on mutual aid and self-help. Developed around peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), this literature allows us to highlight elements of disengagement trajectories that have so far been little explored, that is to say social support components: emotional support, social integration, self-esteem support, tangible aid, informative support and opportunity for nurturance (Cutrona & Russel, 1990).
Although largely idiosyncratic, the results of this research show that exit trajectories from extremism are dotted with points of convergence. The importance of support from close ones (parents, spouses, friends), the value of experiential knowledge through the use of modelling and the opportunity to help others as a way of helping oneself, are some of the facilitating factors explored in this thesis.
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WANG, CHUN-LIN, and 王俊淋. "The Effect of Varying Stance Width on the Electromyographic Activity of the Lower Extremity and the Ground Reaction Force During Back Squat." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/373jpq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>正修科技大學<br>休閒與運動管理所<br>105<br>RACKGROUND: The movement of back squat as a form of an exercise is primarily done to strengthen the torso and lower extremity muscles. Most common forms of the back squat training are either performed with free weights or with a Smith machine. In addition, the back squats are often performed in varies of stance width in both a common bodybuilding training routine and in a powerlifting competition. Using the electromyography (EMG), one may understand the activation levels of the relevant muscle groups during a back squat movement. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of varying stance width on the electromyography activation of the relevant muscles and the ground reaction force during the different forms of the back squat exercises. METHODOLOGY:The study involves 12 male adults who were previously trained and capable of performing the back squat exercise. The average age of the group is 22.8(3.8) years old, while the average height and weight of the group are 171.9(3.9) cm and 71.4(6) kg respectively. All 12 members are capable of performing a one-repetition maximum (1RM) of back squat at 1.5 times of his own bodyweight. Further, all member has more than one year of weight training experience.The study utilizes the electromyography (EMG) and a force platform to measure the activation levels of the torso and the lower extremity muscles and the differences between the peak vertical force during the back squat movements performed at 30%, 60%, 100%, and 150% of the 1RM starting with the great trochanter distance as the standard back squat stance width.RESULTS: I .Stance Width: When back squatting with either free weights or with a Smith machine, the EMG activation levels of the gluteus maximus muscle, adductor muscle, and the biceps femoris muscle are higher with a wide stance compares to narrow stance width. The EMG activation levels of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and the tibialis anterior muscle are higher in a narrow stance than a wide stance regardless of back squatting with either free weights or a Smith machine.II. Load and Stress: Regardless of the stance width, when performing the back squat with free weights, the tibialis anterior muscle has a higher EMG activation level than back squatting with the Smith machine. With either the free weights or the Smith machine, the biceps femoris muscle has a higher EMG activation level at the 150% of 1RM load compares to 100% of 1RM during the back squat with a wide stance.III. There are no significant differences between the ground reaction force recorded in all group of studies.CONCLUSION: I.More strength is required from the quadriceps and the tibialis anterior muscle when performing a narrow stance back squat. On the other hand, when performing a wide stance back squat, gluteus maximus and the biceps femoris muscle are required to produce the majority of the strength during the movement.II.When performing the back squat using free weights, the EMG activation level of the squat stabilizers, particularly the tibialis anterior muscle, is higher compare to back squatting using the Smith machine.III.Performing the back squat with either free weights or the Smith machine with any stance width has no significant effect to the ground reaction force produced during the movement.